WO2000023805A1 - Method for detecting an analyte and kit - Google Patents
Method for detecting an analyte and kit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000023805A1 WO2000023805A1 PCT/BE1999/000129 BE9900129W WO0023805A1 WO 2000023805 A1 WO2000023805 A1 WO 2000023805A1 BE 9900129 W BE9900129 W BE 9900129W WO 0023805 A1 WO0023805 A1 WO 0023805A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- specific
- sample
- ligand
- analyte
- additional
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for screening at least one analyte in a sample of biological fluid to be analyzed, comprising: bringing the sample of biological fluid into contact with a ligand, which is specific for at least one analyte to be screened and which is fixed on at least one test zone of a solid support, a bond between said at least one analyte to be screened and the ligand, - labeling of the specific ligand and of said at least one analyte linked, by a tracer, and a detection of the labeling tracer on the specific ligand and said at least one bound analyte, with determination of a labeling signal intensity, - bringing the sample of biological fluid into contact with a non-specific ligand of said at least one analyte, said non-specific ligand being fixed on a control zone of the solid support and being capable of accounting for non-specific interactions generated by the sample, - adsorption and / or an attachment of non-specific interaction factors
- This type of screening is commonly called an "immunodot" test.
- solid support in the present invention a substrate preferably in the form of sheet or membrane, which can be for example in the form of a card, a ribbon or a strip.
- a cellulose membrane is frequently used, in particular made of nitrocellulose or mixed cellulose esters of nitric acid and other acids. It is obvious that solid supports having another shape and / or another nature can be envisaged for the implementation of the method.
- specific ligand can be understood to mean any molecule for which there is a specific complementary molecule, that is to say the analyte to be detected, and which is capable of binding to the solid support. This latter fixation can be done through a series of different interactions, such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc.
- analyte any molecule for which the detection and the measurement of the concentration are to be carried out and for which there is a specific complementary molecule.
- the specific ligand and the analyte can for example be stereocomplementary which allows the fixation of the analyte on the solid support via the ligand easily accessible on the surface of the solid support.
- Antigens, antibodies, proteins, haptens, nucleic acids, etc. can be considered as an analyte.
- the terms of specific ligand and analyte can also be applied to the same type of molecule depending on the design of the test.
- tracer we can mean a specific molecule which is complementary to the analyte and to which is coupled a system allowing its detection, for example an enzyme, a radioactive marker, a fluorescent or luminescent marker, a colored particle
- Tests using a screening method as described above can be used for the detection of specific analytes in biological fluids, such as serum, blood, urine, etc. Immunological tests can be considered. These tests can be used for semi-quantitative or quantitative measurements of one or more target analytes, in a single operation, with or without the use of specific instrumentation for the detection of a signal. In this type of test, the intensity of the labeling signal is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte to be detected in the sample.
- the relationship between the observed response and the concentration of the analyte in the sample can then be established by comparison with the reference (s).
- Screening methods are also known including internal calibration systems which avoid the use of several tests to evaluate the concentration of an analyte from a single sample (see for example US-A-5028535).
- each sample to be analyzed contains non-specific interaction factors which are, for example, interfering molecules, distinct from the analyte to be detected, which, by their intrinsic chemical properties, have the ability to bind non-specifically to the specific ligand (for example by non-stereocomplementary attachment or adsorption) and specifically or not to the tracer.
- non-specific interaction factors which are, for example, interfering molecules, distinct from the analyte to be detected, which, by their intrinsic chemical properties, have the ability to bind non-specifically to the specific ligand (for example by non-stereocomplementary attachment or adsorption) and specifically or not to the tracer.
- immunoglobulins other than specific antibodies directed against the antigen used as a specific ligand may represent a factor of non-specific interactions.
- non-specific interaction factor By other non-specific interaction factor, one must also understand a non-specific binding of the analyte to be detected with at least one non-specific ligand, that is to say, by non-stereocomplementary attachment or adsorption. This means that the analyte to be detected can also participate in the background noise to be determined, unlike the teaching of US Patents 5,356,782 and EP 0833157.
- background noise we must therefore understand the intensity of the non-specific signal resulting from a set of non-specific molecular interaction factors linked to the nature of the sample (for example variable presence and concentration of substances likely to be link not specifically to the specific ligand of the analyte and to the tracer, pH, salt concentration, variable lipid content promoting non-specific intermolecular adsorptions) or to the conditions under which the test is carried out (for example temperature, incubation time, sample and tracer concentrations).
- background noise potential on the other hand, it is necessary to understand the maximum intensity of non-specific signal capable of being generated in a test area by a given sample, under given test conditions.
- each sample can therefore be characterized by a background noise potential which is specific to it and intrinsically linked.
- the measurement of the background noise potential gives the threshold value of the signal intensity, above which a sample is considered to be positive and below which it is considered to be negative.
- each sample having its own physico-chemical characteristics each sample is capable of generating its own background noise and intrinsically has its own background noise potential and can therefore be assigned a its own threshold value.
- a test depends on the precision with which the threshold value is measured; it is therefore important to be able to estimate the background noise potential of a sample so as to obtain an ideally corrected value for the specific interaction.
- a single threshold value applicable to all of the samples tested is determined generically without taking into account the variability of the background noise linked to each sample.
- the determination of a cut-off of the signal strength, above which a tested sample is considered positive and below which it is considered negative, is carried out indirectly thanks to at least one control of which the analyte concentration is known, tested in parallel on at least one equivalent but distinct test area (for example at least one neighboring cuvette in an ELISA test) with the or the sample (s) to be analyzed.
- the threshold value is generally defined in relation to the values given by a statistically significant population of samples considered as negative for the analyte to be screened: a statistical treatment of the distribution of these values makes it possible to calculate the threshold value to be used in the interpretation of the results as a function of the desired performance (specificity and sensitivity of the test) (see, for example, MP BOUNAUD, and JF. MORIN, Analytical evaluation of a new immunoassay, Workshop n ° 13 of the 10th CORATA Symposium, 1993).
- the object of the present invention is to solve these problems by developing a method of the type described at the start, which makes it possible to establish a self-calibration integrated into the test with for each sample a distinct reactivity threshold, which can be variable. depending on the physico-chemical characteristics of the sample itself and the conditions under which the test is carried out.
- this method being characterized in that: at least one non-specific ligand is fixed on a so-called threshold control zone, in a concentration such as the signal intensity of marking determined there for a threshold sample of biological fluid is equal to that of this threshold sample on the test area, said at least one ligand not specific to the threshold control area being capable of accounting for a potential of background noise generated in at least one test area by a set of non-specific interaction factors, linked to the nature of the sample itself and to the conditions under which the test is carried out, and in that the method includes a comparison between the intensity of the marking signal from the test area and that of the threshold control area obtained with the sample to be analyzed, this being considered to be positive when the intensity of the marking signal of the test area is greater than that of the threshold control area.
- the biological fluid sample called the threshold sample is one of the samples from a statistically significant population which, when analyzed by standard reference techniques, was diagnosed as negative, but which in its application to a test zone of an immunodot screening method gave a marking signal intensity corresponding to a threshold value such that it can be calculated statistically or estimated (depending on whether the reading is done respectively with or without a measuring device) compared to the distribution of the values given by the set of negative samples from this population.
- the threshold sample used for the calibration can be a sample whose signal intensity approaches the threshold value with sufficient accuracy, or an artificially constructed calibrator (usually a diluted positive serum) giving the desired signal intensity and which is therefore considered to be representative of the threshold sample.
- the intensity of the marking signal obtained on the threshold control zone with this threshold sample is therefore solely due to background noise, whether this results from interference outside the analyte or from non-specific bonds of the analyte on the non-specific ligand.
- the signaling intensity of the marking of the samples tested on the threshold control zone varied from sample to sample and therefore represented a noise value.
- the intensity of the marking signal on the threshold control zone is greater than that obtained on the test zone.
- the system therefore takes into account a background noise potential which may be generated by a sample in a test area, and not the background noise actually generated by this sample in said test area.
- a direct and self-corrected determination of the positive or negative character of the sample is obtained, depending on whether the intensity on the test area is greater. or lower than the intensity on the threshold control area.
- the non-specific ligand of the threshold control zone accounts for a background noise potential generated by non-specific interactions generated by the sample, interactions which are neither necessarily known or defined.
- Such screening also includes a single threshold control zone per sample to be analyzed.
- the method comprises bringing the sample of biological fluid to be analyzed into contact with at least one ligand which is non-specific of said at least one analyte and which is fixed on a control zone known as the reaction of the solid support, an adsorption and / or a coupling of non-specific interaction factors of the sample on said at least one ligand non-specific of the reaction control zone , a labeling of said at least one ligand not specific to the reaction control zone and interaction factors linked, by a tracer, a detection of the labeling tracer on said at least one ligand which is not specific to the reaction control zone and related interaction factors, with determination of a labeling signal intensity, said at least one non-specific ligand of the reaction control zone being fixed thereto so that the labeling signal intensity determined is detectable when the screening process has been applied in a consistent manner.
- the method makes it possible to ensure that the sequence of the stages of the test has been respected and that the various components used are functional.
- the test is not valid if a high marking signal intensity on the reaction control zone does not appear. So that said at least one non-specific ligand of the control zone allows effective detection, one can play on its concentration or on its nature.
- reaction control zones exhibit intensities of labeling signal which are variable, that is to say specific to the sample analyzed, and this because both include signal strength due to sample-specific background noise.
- the method comprises bringing the biological fluid sample into contact with at least one additional ligand, which is specific for at least one additional analyte to be screened and which is fixed on at least one additional test zone of the solid support, - a bond between said at least one additional analyte and its specific ligand, a labeling of said at least one additional ligand and of said at least one additional analyte, by a tracer, and a detection of the labeling tracer on said at least one additional ligand and said at least an additional analyte bound, with determination of a labeling signal intensity, each additional specific ligand being bound in its additional testing area in a concentration such as the labeling signal intensity determined there for a threshold sample for the corresponding additional analyte is equal to or less than the intensity of the labeling signal obtained in said con zone threshold test, and a comparison between the intensity of the marking signal of each additional test area and that of the threshold control area, obtained with the sample to be analyzed, this
- Said at least one non-specific ligand fixed on the threshold control zone can be identical to said at least one non-specific ligand fixed on the reaction control zone, but to a lower concentration. It can also include different substances.
- Said at least one non-specific threshold control ligand can for example comprise: an antibody, including monoclonal antibodies, directed or not against one or more antigens contained in the sample, for example against immunoglobulins of animal species or human, an antigen, directed or not against one or more antibodies contained in the sample, a protein, like protein A, protein G or protein L capable of hooking the Fc fragment of certain immunoglobulins, a natural substance, like beef serum albumin (BSA) or cow's milk proteins (casein for example), capable of nonspecifically hooking certain polypeptides by means of non-stereocomplementary protein-protein interactions, a synthetic sequence or not amino acids, such as a synthetic peptide, a hapten, polylysine, which is capable of non-specific interactions with certain organ molecules ics, a synthetic or natural nucleotide sequence, such as for example DNA (single strand or double strand) or RNA.
- an antibody including monoclonal antibodies, directed or not against one or more antigen
- the selection of the ideal threshold control ligand or mixture of ligands generally depends, but is not limited to, the type of test, and therefore the nature of the non-specific interaction factors which are likely to arise in this particular case. .
- the ideal concentration of the ligand or mixture of ligands to be applied to the threshold control zone is itself defined exclusively through the calibration process as described above.
- the present invention also relates to an analyte screening kit.
- This kit comprises: a solid support, - a ligand which is specific for at least one analyte to be screened and is fixed on at least one test area of the solid support, and which, after being brought into contact with the sample to be analyzed , binds to said at least one analyte to be screened, in the presence of the latter, a tracer capable of labeling the specific ligand and said at least one bound analyte, allowing its detection with determination of an intensity of labeling signal, a ligand which is nonspecific of said at least one analyte and is fixed on a control zone of the solid support, and which, after being brought into contact with the sample to be analyzed, allows adsorption and / or adhesion on it of factors d non-specific interactions generated by the sample, and a tracer capable of labeling the non-specific ligand and related interaction factors, allowing its detection with determination of a signaling signal intensity, this kit comprises In addition, according to the invention, at least one non-specific
- the specific ligand for the analyte to be detected is generally diluted in series in physiological saline at ten concentrations generally varying from 1 to 0.1 ⁇ g per milliliter. Each dilution is applied in the form of droplets of 1 microliter on different portions of a membrane, generally of the nitrocellulose type, the assembly constituting a strip.
- the strips thus prepared are tested on a population of statistically significant positive and negative samples, according to a procedure common to those skilled in the art.
- concentration X concentration X
- the specific ligand is applied, at the concentration determined above (ie the concentration X), to a portion of membrane, and this test zone is used here as a reference.
- Said at least one non-specific ligand is diluted in series and applied, as described in 1, to the rest of the free membrane portions of the strip.
- the strips are tested on the same population of samples.
- All the other samples make it possible to validate the threshold thus determined: all the positive samples give an intensity greater than the threshold and all the negative samples give an intensity less than the threshold notwithstanding the limits of specificity and sensitivity of the test as imposed by the procedure for calculating or estimating the threshold intensity.
- the intensity of the determined threshold itself varies according to the physio-chemical characteristics of each sample.
- Said at least one non-specific ligand is applied, at the concentration determined above (ie the concentration Y), to a portion of membrane, and this zone is used here as a reference.
- the other specific ligands of the other analytes are each diluted in series and applied, as described under 1, to the rest of the free membrane portions of the strip. The strips are tested on a population of samples which is statistically significant for the other abovementioned analytes.
- the ideal concentration of each of the other ligands specific for the other analytes is then determined relative to said at least one ligand not specific to the concentration Y, that is to say as a function of a single and same threshold.
- concentration Y concentration generally 50 to 100 times greater than the concentration used for threshold control.
- Non-specific threshold control ligand goat immunoglobulin anti-whole human IgG molecule (SIGMA 1-1886) at 0.017 mg / ml.
- Non-specific reaction control ligand goat immunoglobulin anti-whole human IgG molecule (SIGMA 1-1886) at 1 mg / ml. 1 ⁇ l of each of the ligands is deposited on the corresponding membrane zone, then left to dry for 24 hours at room temperature.
- SIGMA 1-1886 goat immunoglobulin anti-whole human IgG molecule
- Immunodot with 8 membrane zones 1 reaction control, 1 threshold control, 6 test zones for the following anti-ENA antibodies: Sm, RNP, SSA, SSB, JO-1, Scl-70.
- Ligand dilution solution 0.15 M NaCl in distilled H 2 O - Specific ligands: Sm antigen (IMMUNOVISION SMA-3000) at 0.16 mg / ml, RNP antigen (IMMUNOVISION SRC-3000) at 0.19 mg / ml, SSA antigen (IMMUNOVISION SSA-3000) at 0.15 mg / ml, SSB antigen (IMMUNOVISION SSB-3000) at 0.08 mg / ml, JO-1 antigen (IMMUNOVISION JO1-3000) at 0.07 mg / ml, Scl-70 antigen (IMMUNOVISION SCL-3000) at 0.07 mg / ml.
- Sm antigen IMMUNOVISION SMA-3000
- RNP antigen IMMUNOVISION SRC-3000
- SSA antigen IMMUNOVISION SSA-3000
- SSB antigen IMMUNOVISION SSB-3000
- Threshold control ligand goat immunoglobulin whole human IgG antimolecule (SIGMA 1-1886) at 0.022 mg / ml.
- Reaction control ligand human IgG whole goat antimolecule immunoglobulin (SIGMA 1-1886) at 1 mg / ml. - 1 ⁇ l of each of the ligands is deposited on the corresponding membrane area, then left to dry for 24 hours at room temperature.
- Immunodot for the detection of anti-double stranded DNA antibodies Immunodot with 3 membrane zones: 1 reaction control, 1 threshold control, 1 test zone.
- Ligand dilution solution 0.15 M NaCI, 20 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.
- Non-specific threshold control ligands (the concentrations indicated correspond to the final concentrations in the mixture): mixture of single-stranded DNA (SIGMA D8899) at 10 ⁇ g / ml, Histone H1 (IMMUNOVISION HIS-1011) at 2.5 ⁇ g / ml , Histone H2a (IMMUNOVISION HIS-1002) at 2.5 ⁇ g / ml, Histone H2b
- Non-specific reaction control ligands (the concentrations indicated correspond to the final concentrations in the mixture): mixture of goat immunoglobulin anti-whole molecule of human IgG (SIGMA 1-1886) at 0.5 mg / ml and Rabbit anti-molecule immunoglobulin ( ⁇ -chain) of human IgM (SIGMA 1-0140) at 0.5 mg / ml.
- Figures 1 and 2 annexed illustrate a comparison of interpretation of the results obtained by a conventional screening method and by the method according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows five strips 1 to 5 commercially common to which have been applied drops of a specific ligand for a specific analyte in test areas 6 to 10. These strips are also each provided with a zone of reaction control 11 to 15 where a non-specific ligand is applied at a high concentration making it possible to control whether the reaction takes place in a conforming manner.
- Zone 6 clearly shows that the sample is negative and the samples corresponding to the other test zones 7 to 10 will probably be determined as positive by the laboratory assistant.
- FIG. 2 shows five strips 1 'to 5' according to the invention on which there are test zones 6 'to 10' and reaction control zones 11 'to 15' which are identical to zones 6 to 15 of the strips 1 to 5 illustrated in FIG. 1 and which therefore give the same signal intensity.
- These strips 1 'to 5' each further have a threshold control zone 16 to 20 which have been produced as described above.
- the signal intensities of these zones vary slightly from one strip to another, which shows that each sample to be analyzed has its own background noise potential.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT99952164T ATE274188T1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-20 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN ANALYTE AND KIT THEREOF |
DE69919503T DE69919503T2 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-20 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING AN ANALYTE AND KIT THEREFOR |
AU64538/99A AU6453899A (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-20 | Method for detecting an analyte and kit |
EP99952164A EP1040353B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-20 | Method for detecting an analyte and kit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9800754 | 1998-10-21 | ||
BE9800754A BE1012241A3 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1998-10-21 | Analyte screening method and kit for implementing such a method. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000023805A1 true WO2000023805A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
Family
ID=3891475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BE1999/000129 WO2000023805A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-20 | Method for detecting an analyte and kit |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1040353B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE274188T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6453899A (en) |
BE (1) | BE1012241A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69919503T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2222738T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1040353E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000023805A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003058246A1 (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Flow-through assay with an internal calibration system using polyelectrolyte |
EP1462801A2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-29 | Tepnel Lifecodes | Methods for determining the negative control value for multi-analyte assays |
US7651841B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2010-01-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polyelectrolytic internal calibration system of a flow-through assay |
US7662643B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2010-02-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Reduction of the hook effect in membrane-based assay devices |
US7670786B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2010-03-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Membrane-based assay devices |
US7713748B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-05-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of reducing the sensitivity of assay devices |
US7781172B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-08-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for extending the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
US7829328B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2010-11-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices that utilize hollow particles |
US7851209B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2010-12-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Reduction of the hook effect in assay devices |
US7943395B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extension of the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
US7943089B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Laminated assay devices |
US7964340B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2011-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | One-step enzymatic and amine detection technique |
US8137985B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2012-03-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polyelectrolytic internal calibration system of a flow-through assay |
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US5356782A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-10-18 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Analytical test apparatus with on board negative and positive control |
EP0833157A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-01 | Unilever Plc | Assay reagents and devices |
DE19731465A1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-01-28 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Use of control areas for the detection of interference samples in a detection procedure |
-
1998
- 1998-10-21 BE BE9800754A patent/BE1012241A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-10-20 EP EP99952164A patent/EP1040353B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 AU AU64538/99A patent/AU6453899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-20 AT AT99952164T patent/ATE274188T1/en active
- 1999-10-20 WO PCT/BE1999/000129 patent/WO2000023805A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-20 DE DE69919503T patent/DE69919503T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-20 PT PT99952164T patent/PT1040353E/en unknown
- 1999-10-20 ES ES99952164T patent/ES2222738T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5356782A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-10-18 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Analytical test apparatus with on board negative and positive control |
EP0833157A1 (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-01 | Unilever Plc | Assay reagents and devices |
DE19731465A1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-01-28 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Use of control areas for the detection of interference samples in a detection procedure |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003058246A1 (en) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Flow-through assay with an internal calibration system using polyelectrolyte |
US7651841B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2010-01-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polyelectrolytic internal calibration system of a flow-through assay |
US8137985B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2012-03-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polyelectrolytic internal calibration system of a flow-through assay |
US7670786B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2010-03-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Membrane-based assay devices |
US7662643B2 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2010-02-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Reduction of the hook effect in membrane-based assay devices |
EP1462801A2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-29 | Tepnel Lifecodes | Methods for determining the negative control value for multi-analyte assays |
EP1462801A3 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2005-01-05 | Tepnel Lifecodes | Methods for determining the negative control value for multi-analyte assays |
US7851209B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2010-12-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Reduction of the hook effect in assay devices |
US7829328B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2010-11-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Assay devices that utilize hollow particles |
US8034397B2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2011-10-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods of making assay devices utilizing hollow particles |
US7781172B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-08-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method for extending the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
US7943395B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extension of the dynamic detection range of assay devices |
US7713748B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2010-05-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of reducing the sensitivity of assay devices |
US7943089B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2011-05-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Laminated assay devices |
US7964340B2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2011-06-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | One-step enzymatic and amine detection technique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE274188T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
EP1040353A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
DE69919503D1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
DE69919503T2 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
EP1040353B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
ES2222738T3 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
BE1012241A3 (en) | 2000-08-01 |
PT1040353E (en) | 2004-11-30 |
AU6453899A (en) | 2000-05-08 |
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