WO2000027338A2 - Composition dentrifice fluoree comprenant des particules abrasives de materiau calcique compatibles avec le fluor - Google Patents
Composition dentrifice fluoree comprenant des particules abrasives de materiau calcique compatibles avec le fluor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000027338A2 WO2000027338A2 PCT/FR1999/002725 FR9902725W WO0027338A2 WO 2000027338 A2 WO2000027338 A2 WO 2000027338A2 FR 9902725 W FR9902725 W FR 9902725W WO 0027338 A2 WO0027338 A2 WO 0027338A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- toothpaste composition
- calcium
- composition according
- abrasive particles
- particles
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/20—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- A61K8/21—Fluorides; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
- A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns
Definitions
- the field of the present invention is that of toothpaste compositions and more precisely of the formulation thereof using different active ingredients in the cleaning and bleaching of teeth as well as in the fight against canes. particularly in the context of the invention to abrasive agents and fluorinated agents.
- the present ⁇ n ⁇ ent ⁇ on relates to toothpaste compositions comprising at least one abrasive agent formed by abrasive particles constituted by a solid material based on calcium and at least one fluorinated agent, the compatibility between the abrasive agent and the fluorinated agent being significantly improved
- a subject of the invention is also the use, as an ingredient, in particular as an abrasive agent, in toothpaste compositions, of abrasive particles comprising a core of abrasive calcium material coated with a hydrophobic bark of compatibilization with fluorine.
- toothpastes comprise one or more abrasive materials intended to intervene in the mechanical cleaning of the teeth
- abrasive materials are powders of insoluble particles having a hardness and a defined form
- Calcium materials such as calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate are thus commonly used in toothpaste compositions as abrasive agents participating in the mechanical removal of dental plaque when brushing teeth.
- Calcium carbonate (CC) of natural origin (chalk) or synthetic origin (calcium carbonate precipitates -CCP -) is one of the oldest dental abrasives, Apart from these calcium abrasives, silica is also widely used in toothpaste as an abrasive or even as a thickener
- fluorine as long as it is in the form of fluoride, has the virtue of chemically binding, in the form of fluoride, with the enamel (or hydroxyapatite Ca ⁇ (P0), OH) to transform it en fluoroapatite
- This fluorinated email is thus much more resistant to the attack of dental plaque, which intervenes, in particular, by solubihsation in acid medium II in result better prevention of canes
- the fluoride-providing products are generally sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) and sodium fluoride (NaF).
- the applicant has set itself the essential objective of developing a powdered calcium abrasive for toothpaste having increased compatibility with respect to fluorine and more precisely compatibility> to 90%, in the case where the fluorinated agent is sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP).
- the fluorinated agent is sodium fluoride (NaF) or sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP).
- Another essential objective of the invention is to provide a toothpaste composition comprising abrasive particles based on solid calcium materials, such as CaCO 3 or dicalcium phosphate, having a high compatibility with fluorine without this being to the detriment of the abrasive power.
- Another essential objective of the invention is to provide a toothpaste composition comprising abrasive particles of calcium nature compatible with fluorine and which are economical and simple to obtain.
- Another essential objective of the invention is to propose a use of the abovementioned particles in fluorinated toothpaste formulations in which the action of fluorine is not hampered by the abrasive.
- the plaintiff has managed to achieve, in a completely surprising and unexpected manner, all of the objectives set out above, among others, by proposing to prevent contact between, on the one hand, the Ca 2+ ions of the crystalline particles of calcium material and, on the other hand, the fluoride ions likely to be present in the toothpaste compositions, by carrying out a coating (surface treatment) of said particles using a hydrophobic product, preferably a hydrophobic organic product.
- fatty esters preferably: natural triglycerides and more preferably still those contained in coconut, soybean, flaxseed, palm, sunflower or cotton seed oil; D esters of glycerol and fatty acids;
- fatty acids and more particularly their salts have the additional notable advantage of their capacity to trap Ca 2 * ions and to prevent their diffusion in an aqueous medium. This effect is added to the barrier effect mentioned above.
- the calcium-based solid material of the abrasive particles is calcium carbonate and / or dicalcium phosphate, knowing that the calcium carbonate is more preferably retained.
- the compatibility of the abrasive particles with respect to fluorine is understood as the ratio expressed in% of C / Co C representing the concentration of fluorine ions in a liquid medium comprising the abrasive particles of calcium nature and a fluorinated agent (MFP or NAF) after a time t of contacting and Co the initial concentration at time to of fluorine ions of the liquid medium considered.
- Compatibility makes it possible to evaluate the trapping of fluorides by the calcium abrasion material.
- fatty acids the alkali metal salts of which are capable of being used in the context of the invention, mention may be made of long chain saturated fatty acids and preferably those whose chain length is between about 9 and 21 carbon atoms, such as capric acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or behenic acid. It is possible that said acids are in salified form, preferably in sodium form. It should be noted that there may be mixtures of fatty acids among which there are unsaturated acids, for example oleic acid but in a minor amount.
- the cation of the coating acid salt has less affinity for the carboxylic flag than calcium, so that the particles of CC, CCP or dicalcium phosphate attract to them. the largest number of long hydrocarbon chain carboxylic anions, which thus form an effective hydrophobic barrier between fluorine on the one hand and calcium on the other hand.
- the abrasive particles of the toothpaste composition are obtained from particles of calcium material, preferably CC or CCP, the BET specific surface area of which is of the order of 1 to 40 m 2 / g, preferably of the order of 2 to 15 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface is determined according to the BRUNAUER-EMET-TELLER method described in "The journal of the American Chemical Society", Vol. 60, page 309, February 1938 and corresponding to standard NFT 45007 (November 1987).
- the abrasive particles of calcium materials CCP or CC for example, preferably have a median diameter of the order of 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the coated abrasive particles given by the D 50 in ⁇ m, is between 0.5 and 30, preferably between 1 and 20.
- the coated abrasive particles do not have a detrimental effect on their abrasiveness; on the contrary, the coated abrasive particles have an RDA abrasiveness of the order of 20 to 250, preferably of the order of 30 to 200.
- the RDA abrasiveness (“Radioactive Dentine Abrasion") is measured according to the method described by JJ HEFFERREN in "Journal of Dental Research", Vol. 55 (4), page 563, 1976.
- the coated abrasive particles in accordance with the invention are particularly compatible with respect to the monofluorophosphoric acid MPF and with respect to sodium fluoride NaF.
- the fluorinated agent included in the toothpaste composition of the invention is preferably a salt of the monofluorophosphoric acid MFP and / or an alkali metal fluoride.
- the fluorinated agent is a sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, aluminum or ammonium salt of monofluorophosphoric acid or sodium fluoride.
- the inventors had the merit of highlighting that it is quite interesting, with regard to the compatibility of the calcium particles coated with a hydrophobic product (eg Na stearate) with respect to fluorine, that the toothpaste composition also comprises at least one surfactant
- abrasive particles comprising a core of calcium material, preferably calcium carbonate and a shell of hydrophobic product comprising at least one fatty chain, preferably of C 8 -C 24 , particularly of a fatty acid salt and more particularly of Na stearate,
- the toothpaste composition may also contain:
- - anionic, non-anionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants at a rate of about 0.1 to 10%, preferably about 1 to 5% by weight, - water at a rate of about 5 to 50 %, preferably about 10 to 40% by weight,
- - humectants at a rate of approximately 10 to 85%, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, - thickening agents at a rate of 0.1 to 15% by weight,
- polishing abrasives therapeutic agents, bactericides, antimicrobials, anti-plaque, flavoring agents, sweeteners, colors, preservatives.
- C 8 -C 18 alkyl sarcosinates, C 8 -C, 8 (in particular sodium lauryl sarcosinate) - alkyl phosphates, C 8 -C 18 which may optionally contain up to
- non-ionic surfactants such as fatty sorbitan esters optionally polyethoxylated, ethoxylated fatty acids, polyethylene glycol esters
- amphoteric surfactants such as betaines, sulfobetaines.
- the humectants which can be used in this composition are for example: glycerol, sorbitol, polytethylene glycols, lactitol, xylitol, etc.
- the thickener may be silica-based agent such as Tixosil 43 sold by Rhodia ® or many polymers used alone or in combination as xanthan gum, guar gum, cellulose derivatives (carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose , hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ....), crosslinked polyacrylates such as CARBOPOL ® distributed by GOODRICH, alginates or carrageenans, VISCARIN ® .
- functional ingredients which can be envisaged for the toothpaste composition of the invention, mention may be made of:
- polishing abrasives such as silica, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphates, titanium, zinc or tin oxides, talc, kaolin ...
- the toothpaste composition can comprise:
- the present invention also relates to the use as an ingredient, in particular as an abrasive agent, in toothpaste compositions, of abrasive particles formed by a core based on solid calcium material, preferably calcium carbonate, and coated with a bark comprising at least one hydrophobic product comprising at least one fatty chain, preferably of C 8 -C 24 .
- hydrophobic product is chosen from the group comprising:
- fatty esters preferably: natural triglycerides and more preferably still those contained in coconut, soybean, flaxseed, palm, sunflower or cotton seed oil;
- These particles can be prepared by implementing a process comprising the following essential steps: - bringing into contact in a liquid, preferably aqueous, medium a hydrophobic product comprising at least one chain, advantageously of C 8 -C 2 , of preferably a carboxylic acid salt - and more especially a sodium stearate - with particles of calcium material - preferably calcium carbonate;
- a first embodiment of this process essentially consists of: to prepare a solution / suspension of hydrophobic product, preferably of carboxylic acid salt, and more preferably still of sodium stearate,
- the coating by bringing the calcium material, preferably calcium carbonate, into contact with the hydrophobic product, preferably the carboxylic acid salt, and more preferably still the sodium stearate, is carried out for several hours at a temperature which can be of the order of 85 ° C.
- Steam drying can succeed or replace atomization, takes place in an oven at a temperature of 100 ⁇ 20 ° C, preferably under vacuum.
- NaOH sodium hydroxide, stearic acid and water are brought into contact.
- This mixture is stirred and heated to a temperature of the order of 90 ° ⁇ 10 ° C, so as to obtain a solution titrating 10% by weight of sodium stearate.
- An aqueous slurry of CCP at 20% w / v heated to 45 ° C. is then incorporated into this solution.
- reaction medium is kept under stirring until the coating of the CCP particles is obtained with the alkyl chains of the stearate which form hydrophobic tails all around the said particles.
- the coated abrasive particles are used in an amount of 5 to 40%, preferably approximately 5 to 40%, preferably approximately 5 to 35% by weight, relative to the mass of the composition. toothpaste. It is important to emphasize that the abrasive particles based on calcium material, preferably CaCO 3 , coated by a hydrophobic barrier based on a hydrophobic product having at least one fatty chain - advantageously in C 8 -C 24 - preferably based on carboxylic acid salt, and more preferably still based on Na stearate, allow NaF compatibilities of the order of 98% to be achieved, in a simple and economical manner, in particular starting from crystalline particles of CaCO 3 of aragonite type, for a coating rate of 10%.
- the treated CaCO 3 is filtered, dried for 18 hours in an oven at 100 ° C. under industrial vacuum ( ⁇ 300 mm of Hg)
- the coating of the CCP particles in tests 7 and 8 was carried out according to variant B (point 1.2.2- above) - filtration / drying.
- Tixosil 43 (thickening silica) 5 sodium lauryl sulfate (30% aqueous solution>) 4 flavor 0.8 deionized water qs 100 are suspended in 90 g of water for 5 minutes at room temperature. The suspension is then centrifuged and the supernatant filtered.
- the fluorine concentration of the supernatant tested is measured after hydrolysis, as well as before hydrolysis.
- the coating is carried out as described in Example 1 for the Na sterarate, with the difference that the coating is Geleol Sucroester 7 (monopalmitato-glycerol sterarate / sucrose distarate).
- the Te is 7%.
- the measurement conditions of the C accounting vis-à-vis NaF are those of Example 2 with a water / sorbitol solution (50/150) at 625 ppm of fluorine. Table 5 above gives the results obtained for tests 13 (control) and 14. Compatibility C in% relative to NaF (CCP coated with Geleol sucroester 7).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99954081A EP1128799A2 (fr) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-08 | Composition dentrifice fluoree comprenant des particules abrasives de materiau calcique compatibles avec le fluor |
AU10529/00A AU1052900A (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-08 | Fluorinated toothpaste composition comprising calcic material abrasive particlescompatible with fluorine |
BR9915154-5A BR9915154A (pt) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-08 | Composição dentifrìcia e utilização de partìculas abrasivas. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR98/14231 | 1998-11-09 | ||
FR9814231A FR2785534A1 (fr) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Composition dentifrice fluoree comprenant des particules abrasives de materiau calcique compatibles avec le fluor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000027338A2 true WO2000027338A2 (fr) | 2000-05-18 |
WO2000027338A3 WO2000027338A3 (fr) | 2000-10-05 |
Family
ID=9532659
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1999/002725 WO2000027338A2 (fr) | 1998-11-09 | 1999-11-08 | Composition dentrifice fluoree comprenant des particules abrasives de materiau calcique compatibles avec le fluor |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020001569A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1128799A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1325296A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1052900A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9915154A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2785534A1 (fr) |
ID (1) | ID29200A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000027338A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040120902A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2004-06-24 | Wernett Patrick Clinton | Fluoride compatible calcium carbonate |
US6669929B1 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2003-12-30 | Colgate Palmolive Company | Dentifrice containing functional film flakes |
US20060098900A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-05-11 | King Martin T | Secure data gathering from rendered documents |
EP1838789B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-22 | 2021-02-03 | Imertech Sas | Particules de carbonates de métaux alcalino-terreux résistant aux acides |
US20070148213A1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Sayed Ibrahim | Film containing compositions |
JP2011510982A (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2011-04-07 | コルゲート・パーモリブ・カンパニー | 口腔ケア製品ならびにその使用方法および製造方法 |
DK2105119T3 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2016-09-19 | Esprit D'ethique | Toothpaste in liquid powder form and similar manufacturing process |
DE102008045041B4 (de) * | 2008-08-29 | 2016-03-10 | Baerlocher Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gemisches umfassend mindestens einen anorganischen Feststoff und mindestens ein Fettsäuresalz, entsprechend hergestellte Gemische und deren Verwendung |
RU2639259C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-14 | 2017-12-20 | Колгейт-Палмолив Компани | Покрытия для абразивов в содержащих пероксид композициях |
WO2015172348A1 (fr) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions de dentifrice réduisant la plaque dentaire ou présentant une meilleure capture de l'ion fluorure |
EP3142627B1 (fr) | 2014-05-15 | 2020-03-18 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Compositions d'hygiène buccale présentant une fraîcheur améliorée |
WO2015172354A1 (fr) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions de dentifrice permettant d'améliorer la stabilité des ions fluorure ou l'absorption de fluorure |
ES2693082T3 (es) | 2014-05-15 | 2018-12-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composiciones dentífricas con conservantes optimizados |
EP3142628B1 (fr) | 2014-05-15 | 2018-06-20 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Compositions de soin buccal contenant du polyéthylène glycol pour la stabilité physique |
BR112016025868B1 (pt) | 2014-05-15 | 2020-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | composições para tratamento bucal contendo polietilenoglicol para estabilidade física e método para tratamento do esmalte dental |
EP3045503A1 (fr) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-20 | Omya International AG | Carbonate de calcium traité en surface avec une stabilité améliorée dans des environnements ayant un pH de 4,5 à 7 |
CN108348429A (zh) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-07-31 | 宝洁公司 | 具有改善的氟化物摄取的牙粉组合物 |
MX366957B (es) | 2015-11-13 | 2019-07-29 | Procter & Gamble | Composiciones dentífricas con estabilidad mejorada del fluoruro. |
CN108348414A (zh) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-07-31 | 宝洁公司 | 具有双氟化物源与改善的氟化物摄取的牙粉组合物 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4208432A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1980-06-17 | Kanebo Foods, Ltd. | Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive |
EP0323697A1 (fr) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-07-12 | Pfizer Inc. | Procédé pour la production du carbonate de calcium finement divisé et son application comme matière de charge dans des compositions polymériques |
EP0347329A1 (fr) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-20 | Georges Bazante | Procédé de traitement de surface de particules de matières pulvérulentes finement micronisées |
FR2747569A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Composition dentifrice comprenant un abrasif a base de silice et de carbonate de calcium, compatible avec le fluor |
Family Cites Families (5)
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JPH107548A (ja) * | 1996-06-20 | 1998-01-13 | Global Art Kk | カルシウム粉体を顆粒化する方法および顆粒化されたカルシウム粉体 |
US5889856A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1999-03-30 | Centillium Technology Corp. | ADSL integrated line card with digital splitter and POTS CODEC without bulky analog splitter |
JPH10338518A (ja) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-22 | Kurimoto Ltd | 炭酸カルシウムの製造方法 |
US6229814B1 (en) * | 1997-10-16 | 2001-05-08 | Adtran, Inc. | Digital switch-resistant multi-circuit line card providing direct connection to remote terminal |
US6128300A (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2000-10-03 | Nokia High Speed Access Products Inc. | Line card with modem interace |
-
1998
- 1998-11-09 FR FR9814231A patent/FR2785534A1/fr active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-11-08 WO PCT/FR1999/002725 patent/WO2000027338A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-08 ID IDW00200101014A patent/ID29200A/id unknown
- 1999-11-08 BR BR9915154-5A patent/BR9915154A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-11-08 AU AU10529/00A patent/AU1052900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-11-08 EP EP99954081A patent/EP1128799A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-08 CN CN99813107A patent/CN1325296A/zh active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-07-19 US US09/909,059 patent/US20020001569A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4208432A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1980-06-17 | Kanebo Foods, Ltd. | Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive |
EP0323697A1 (fr) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-07-12 | Pfizer Inc. | Procédé pour la production du carbonate de calcium finement divisé et son application comme matière de charge dans des compositions polymériques |
EP0347329A1 (fr) * | 1988-06-17 | 1989-12-20 | Georges Bazante | Procédé de traitement de surface de particules de matières pulvérulentes finement micronisées |
FR2747569A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-24 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Composition dentifrice comprenant un abrasif a base de silice et de carbonate de calcium, compatible avec le fluor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 130, no. 5, 1 février 1999 (1999-02-01) Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 54456, KANEKO, KANTARO ET AL: "Manufacture of ultrafine-grain calcium carbonate powder" XP002142087 & JP 10 338518 A (KURIMOTO, LTD., JAPAN) 22 décembre 1998 (1998-12-22) * |
DATABASE WPI Week 9812 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 98-126072 XP002110516 "Granulation of calcium powder for food and medicine-by mixing porous and alkaline organo calcium powder containing amino acid, peptide and/or protein with fatty acid ester or saccharide and granulating" & JP 10 007548 A (GLOBAL ART KK) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1128799A2 (fr) | 2001-09-05 |
WO2000027338A3 (fr) | 2000-10-05 |
CN1325296A (zh) | 2001-12-05 |
US20020001569A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
ID29200A (id) | 2001-08-09 |
FR2785534A1 (fr) | 2000-05-12 |
AU1052900A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
BR9915154A (pt) | 2001-08-07 |
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