WO2000038162A1 - Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays - Google Patents
Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000038162A1 WO2000038162A1 PCT/GB1999/004260 GB9904260W WO0038162A1 WO 2000038162 A1 WO2000038162 A1 WO 2000038162A1 GB 9904260 W GB9904260 W GB 9904260W WO 0038162 A1 WO0038162 A1 WO 0038162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- binary
- grey scale
- bitplane
- bitplanes
- inequality
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0247—Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0257—Reduction of after-image effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
- G09G3/3651—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix using multistable liquid crystals, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of operating a display or spatial light modulator in which the instantaneous intensity distribution afforded by the display or modulator is binary in nature but which is altered in a manner such that the time averaged distribution effectively has, or appears to have, multiple intensity levels.
- the invention can be used in conjunction with any spatial light modulator capable of producing a binary image, including those comprising an array of individually addressable cells or pixels, and those where the binary image is produced by scanning of a modulated light beam, for example.
- binary spatial light modulator used herein is intended to encompass all such devices, whether they are used for display or other purposes, for example information recordal, and variable components (for example lenses, filters and diffraction gratings) in optical systems.
- the term is intended to cover passive modulators where an existing light beam is affected by the modulator, and also those which act as light sources, for example arrays of light emitters, and electroluminescent devices.
- image is used to denote any spatially varied light distribution, normally, but not necessarily, of light intensity, and its production or resulting distribution will be referred to by the term "display”.
- grey scale is used herein as denoting a multi-level distribution, it should be made clear that the term is used in relation to any colour, including white.
- methods, arrays, backplanes, circuitry etc. of the invention and its embodiment are described in relation to a single colour (monochrome images), including white, it is envisaged that variable colour images or displays etc. will be produced in manners known per se, such as by spatially subdividing a single array into different colour pixels, superimposing displays from differently coloured monochrome arrays for example by projection, or temporal multiplexing, for example sequential projection of red green and blue images.
- Temporally varying binary modulation to achieve a multiple intensity effect is known, and can be effected by the use of multiple bit planes.
- an array of digitised values, of amplitudes corresponding to the grey scale values allocated to the pixels of the array is decomposed into a multiplicity of bit planes.
- This multiple bit plane technique may be used with any binary spatial light modulator as defined above.
- each bit plane is not binary and thus is not so easily stored.
- each location of such a bit plane would then have more than one non-zero value, and the variation in non-zero values across the bit plane would need to be taken into account for the durations of operation of each pixel (possibly by further decomposing the non-binary plane to two or more binary planes).
- the discussion below will be limited to binary weighting, but the principles set out in such a context are believed to be sufficient to enable the skilled person to extrapolate to other exponential bases if required or desired.
- each binary bit plane once for the total duration necessary to contribute to the grey scale image, but it is also possible to display one or more of the bit planes a plurality of times, not necessarily sequentially, provided that the total time spent in displaying each bitplane, relative to the total time spent in displaying all the bitplanes, is proportional to its binary weighting.
- the pixel address time is around 100 nanoseconds
- the pixel will actually take around 1 to 5 microseconds to switch between optical states; and while overall frame writing time is of the order of 24 microseconds, the frame to frame writing period is around 80 microseconds.
- the front electrode is placed at zero volts and selected pixels are turned ON by switching pixel elements of the backplane array to V volts, and in the other pass the front electrode is placed at V volts and selected pixels are turned OFF by switching elements of the array to zero volts.
- the elements of the backplane follow the voltage of the front electrode. To maintain the same potential difference therebetween, the voltage at all backplane pixel elements of the array is simultaneously switched as the voltage on the front electrode is changed between zero and N volts.
- liquid crystal light modulators were in the form of a single cell comprising a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between opposed electrode bearing plates, at least one of the plates being transparent. Such cells were slow to operate and tended to have a short life due to degradation of the liquid crystal material. Quite early on it was recognised that the application of an average finite dc voltage to the liquid crystal cell was not beneficial, and at least in some cases produced degradation by electrolysis of the liquid crystal material itself, and schemes were evolved to render the average dc voltage to zero (dc balance).
- each bit plane is read from memory, it is then written, e.g. using the single pass scheme described above, and viewed over a period corresponding to its weighting so that the eye synthesises the intended grey scale image.
- the single pass scheme is preferred insofar as it merely over-writes the preceding bit frame without the need for a second pass, the associated front electrode switching and blanking pulses. The avoidance of lost time between successive valid images enables continuous illumination and the easier provision of bit frames of an accurately weighted duration.
- each pixel can be represented by a corresponding 6 digit binary number.
- each binary bit plane by any binary imaging method which itself produces dc balance - for example by starting from a blank image, writing, viewing and erasing the binary image by selective energisation (+N) and driven blanking (-N) of selected pixels only.
- the actual duration of the binary image is not directly proportional to the time allocated thereto, for example because of intervening blanking steps, etc., leading to a degree of distortion in the binary nature of the bitplane periods, and hence the perceived grey scale values. While this could be compensated for if desired, it represents an additional complication.
- the present provides multiple or weighted bit plane schemes in which dc balance is approached or achieved in ways other than by employing dc balanced binary images per se.
- each grey scale level can be represented by a binary number, and there are certain binary numbers which possess equal numbers of 0 and 1 digits, for example 111000 and 010101. In these cases the average dc voltage over the 6 bit planes will be zero. Other binary numbers, such as 011000 and 010001 come close to this ideal, and others, in particular 111111 and 000000 are far removed therefrom.
- the desired grey level differs, it is approximated by the nearest such number in value, for example 000110 becomes 000111, and 100010 becomes 100011.
- a drawback is that there can be significant distortion of the greyscale.
- distortion of the greyscale can be reduced but at the expense of precise dc balance. For example, the number 001000 may become 001001, and 110111 may become 110110.
- extreme values of the grey scale will be omitted (e.g. replaced by an adjacent less extreme value), thus reducing or compressing the contrast range somewhat.
- time averaging of both dc and grey scale level is performed over more than one frame, by suitable choice of the binary numbers.
- dc balance can be closely approximated, or preferably attained, while the average grey scale level can be approximated or, preferably, maintained.
- 110110 (27) could be replaced by 001110 (28) in a first frame and by 010110 (26) in second frame.
- the average grey scale level is 27 as desired, and both the binary numbers actually used provide dc balance per se.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/868,241 US6930692B1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
JP2000590149A JP2003519395A (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying gray levels on optical arrays |
KR1020017007761A KR20010089656A (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
CA002354276A CA2354276A1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
AU18693/00A AU1869300A (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
EP99962314A EP1141933B8 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
DE69933238T DE69933238T2 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified bit planes with weighting for grayscale display in optical arrangements |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9827944.1A GB9827944D0 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1998-12-19 | Displays based on multiple digital bit planes |
GB9827944.1 | 1998-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000038162A1 true WO2000038162A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
Family
ID=10844517
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1999/004260 WO2000038162A1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Modified weighted bit planes for displaying grey levels on optical arrays |
PCT/GB1999/004277 WO2000038168A1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Fast readout of multiple digital bit planes for display of greyscale images |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1999/004277 WO2000038168A1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 1999-12-16 | Fast readout of multiple digital bit planes for display of greyscale images |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6930693B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1141933B8 (en) |
JP (3) | JP4612952B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR20010089656A (en) |
AU (2) | AU1870700A (en) |
CA (2) | CA2353821A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69933238T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9827944D0 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2000038162A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100409278C (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-08-06 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | Digital method of image display and digital display device |
US7791560B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2010-09-07 | Mark Anthony Gleeson Smith | Image transfer apparatus |
US7872793B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2011-01-18 | Jonathan Rennie Hughes | Spatial light modulator |
US8085452B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2011-12-27 | F. Poszat Hu, Llc | Holographic imaging systems with DC balance |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7071908B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-07-04 | Kagutech, Ltd. | Digital backplane |
US20050062765A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-24 | Elcos Microdisplay Technology, Inc. | Temporally dispersed modulation method |
US7499065B2 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2009-03-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Asymmetrical switching delay compensation in display systems |
US8022861B2 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-09-20 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Dual-band antenna array and RF front-end for mm-wave imager and radar |
US20110261094A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-10-27 | Raman Research Institute | Method to display images on a display device using bit slice addressing technique |
US9922608B2 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-03-20 | Apple Inc. | Electronic device display with charge accumulation tracker |
US11030942B2 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2021-06-08 | Jasper Display Corporation | Backplane adaptable to drive emissive pixel arrays of differing pitches |
US10951875B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2021-03-16 | Raxium, Inc. | Display processing circuitry |
US11710445B2 (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2023-07-25 | Google Llc | Backplane configurations and operations |
US11637219B2 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2023-04-25 | Google Llc | Monolithic integration of different light emitting structures on a same substrate |
US11238782B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-02-01 | Jasper Display Corp. | Backplane for an array of emissive elements |
US11626062B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2023-04-11 | Google Llc | System and method for modulating an array of emissive elements |
US11538431B2 (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2022-12-27 | Google Llc | Larger backplane suitable for high speed applications |
TW202303555A (en) | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-16 | 美商谷歌有限責任公司 | Backplane and method for pulse width modulation |
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US4775891A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1988-10-04 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Image display using liquid crystal display panel |
JPH05127612A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-25 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Half-tone image displaying method |
EP0720139A2 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-03 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Method for correcting gray scale data in a self luminous display panel driving system |
EP0774745A2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-21 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Method and apparatus for driving a display device to produce a gray scale effect |
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JP2609440B2 (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1997-05-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Drive device and method for liquid crystal display device |
US5777589A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1998-07-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Color display system with spatial light modulator(s) having color-to-color variations in data sequencing |
US5959598A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1999-09-28 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Pixel buffer circuits for implementing improved methods of displaying grey-scale or color images |
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JP3618024B2 (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 2005-02-09 | パイオニア株式会社 | Driving device for self-luminous display |
EP0883295A3 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-08-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and system for the displaying of digital video data using pulse width modulation |
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-
1998
- 1998-12-19 GB GBGB9827944.1A patent/GB9827944D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-12-16 WO PCT/GB1999/004260 patent/WO2000038162A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-16 AU AU18707/00A patent/AU1870700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-16 US US09/868,242 patent/US6930693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 KR KR1020017007761A patent/KR20010089656A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-16 EP EP99962314A patent/EP1141933B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 US US09/868,241 patent/US6930692B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 KR KR1020017007756A patent/KR20010081083A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-16 CA CA002353821A patent/CA2353821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-16 AU AU18693/00A patent/AU1869300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-16 JP JP2000590155A patent/JP4612952B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-16 EP EP99962329A patent/EP1153383A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-16 JP JP2000590149A patent/JP2003519395A/en active Pending
- 1999-12-16 CA CA002354276A patent/CA2354276A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-16 DE DE69933238T patent/DE69933238T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-16 WO PCT/GB1999/004277 patent/WO2000038168A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 JP JP2011092803A patent/JP2011191770A/en not_active Abandoned
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US4775891A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1988-10-04 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Image display using liquid crystal display panel |
JPH05127612A (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-25 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Half-tone image displaying method |
EP0720139A2 (en) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-03 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Method for correcting gray scale data in a self luminous display panel driving system |
EP0774745A2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-21 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Method and apparatus for driving a display device to produce a gray scale effect |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100409278C (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2008-08-06 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | Digital method of image display and digital display device |
US7791560B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2010-09-07 | Mark Anthony Gleeson Smith | Image transfer apparatus |
US7872793B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2011-01-18 | Jonathan Rennie Hughes | Spatial light modulator |
US8085452B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2011-12-27 | F. Poszat Hu, Llc | Holographic imaging systems with DC balance |
US8411339B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2013-04-02 | F. Poszat Hu, Llc | Holographic imaging systems with DC balance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1869300A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
EP1141933B8 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
DE69933238T2 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
JP2003519396A (en) | 2003-06-17 |
CA2354276A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
EP1153383A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
AU1870700A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
JP4612952B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
DE69933238D1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
JP2003519395A (en) | 2003-06-17 |
KR20010081083A (en) | 2001-08-25 |
EP1141933A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1141933B1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
WO2000038168A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
KR20010089656A (en) | 2001-10-08 |
CA2353821A1 (en) | 2000-06-29 |
JP2011191770A (en) | 2011-09-29 |
GB9827944D0 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
US6930692B1 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
US6930693B1 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
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