WO2000055800A1 - Point of sale (pos) terminals with biometric verification - Google Patents

Point of sale (pos) terminals with biometric verification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000055800A1
WO2000055800A1 PCT/US2000/007076 US0007076W WO0055800A1 WO 2000055800 A1 WO2000055800 A1 WO 2000055800A1 US 0007076 W US0007076 W US 0007076W WO 0055800 A1 WO0055800 A1 WO 0055800A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fingeφrint
pos
terminal
sale
template
Prior art date
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PCT/US2000/007076
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
K P Unnikrishnan
Original Assignee
Unnikrishnan, K. P.
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Publication date
Application filed by Unnikrishnan, K. P. filed Critical Unnikrishnan, K. P.
Publication of WO2000055800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000055800A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G06Q20/4014—Identity check for transactions
    • G06Q20/40145—Biometric identity checks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C11/00—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere
    • G07C2011/02—Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere related to amusement parks

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to adding security to point-of-sale (POS) terminals and, in particular, to the use of biometrics and finge ⁇ rint recognition to achieve this security.
  • POS point-of-sale
  • POS terminals are devices such as the electronic cash registers (ECR) used in retail stores and the electronic fund transfer (EFT) terminals used in groceries and gas stations.
  • ECR electronic cash registers
  • EFT electronic fund transfer
  • ECRs use of physical cash may be involved, while in EFTs, only "electronic cash” is involved.
  • U.S. patent 6,01 1,858 relates to memory cards and protecting the data on these memory cards using biometric templates.
  • the primary aim of this invention is protection of data on the card.
  • the present invention is primarily directed to the identification of an individual through biometric means and the use of this identification to secure transactions at the POS terminal.
  • the fingerprint verification method of the present invention is very different from the methods disclosed in U.S. patent 6,01 1 ,858.
  • the present method does not use the entire fingerprint to compare and does not store the entire fingerprint as templates. Instead, key characteristics of the fingerprint, called minutiae, are extracted from the fingerprint.
  • the storage, matching, and recognition are all done using fingerprint minutiae. As soon as an image of the fingerprint is captured, information on key minutiae is extracted from it and the original fingerprint is discarded.
  • Minutiae-based fingerprint verification has two main advantages, as described below:
  • the templates stored are very compact (about 20-30 bytes) compared to the whole fingerprint (about 65,000 bytes).
  • the verification process needs a fingerprint on the sensor, but the image of a fingerprint can never be reconstructed from its minutiae due to the feature extraction and compression, preventing the misuse of the stored information to infiltrate other fingerprint based securih systems.
  • the present invention comprises of a method and apparatus to increase security of Point of Sale (POS) terminal transactions using a fingerprint verification (FPV) system to verify the identity of authorized users, using compact, stand-alone, fingerprint verification technologies.
  • POS Point of Sale
  • FV fingerprint verification
  • the central concept of this invention is the inco ⁇ oration of finge ⁇ rint verification into the operation of POS terminals.
  • the recognition systems described in the two pending U.S. patent applications noted above do not directly compare two finge ⁇ rints for verification.
  • Certain key characteristics, called minutiae are first extracted from finge ⁇ rints. These minutiae are compared against previously stored fmge ⁇ rint minutiae of authorized users.
  • the use of finge ⁇ rint minutiae also has the advantage that the individual templates are very small in size (about 50- 60 bytes).
  • a typical finge ⁇ rint is 65 K Bytes (256x256 image at 8 bits per pixel), and so by extracting key minutiae from the finge ⁇ rints, the amount of data is reduces by a factor of about 1000.
  • Another key factor is that the finge ⁇ rint can't be reconstructed from the stored minutiae.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a finge ⁇ rint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, and a finge ⁇ rint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal;
  • Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a magnetic- stripe card reader, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal
  • Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader, a finge ⁇ rint scanner, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader with the finge ⁇ rint scanner on the smart card, and finge ⁇ rint verification circuitry in the POS terminal.
  • U.S. patent application # 09/262,823 are well suited for sensors smaller than the size of finge ⁇ rints.
  • a method for verifying fmge ⁇ rints directly from slice data uses a feature detecting front-end to extract minutia information from the individual slice images of finge ⁇ rints, a bank of time-delays to organize the output of these feature detectors over time, and a set of individual recognition units to recognize each different finge ⁇ rint.
  • the characteristics of each finge ⁇ rint in the database is stored in the pattern of connections between the time-delays and recognition units.
  • the method described in the patent disclosure allows finge ⁇ rint sensors to capture the finge ⁇ rint as thin slices and allows associated recognition systems to do the recognition directly from these slices, as and when they are captured.
  • the finge ⁇ rint sensors can be small and hence inexpensive, and (ii) the recognition systems do not need cumbersome reconstruction algorithms and hence can be implemented in inexpensive hardware.
  • the technology described in the application made compact, low-cost, stand-alone, finge ⁇ rint verification feasible. It is the extreme synergy between the currently available, compact, finge ⁇ rint sensors (details of which are provided later) and the extremely compact recognition systems disclosed in the pending U.S. patent applications # 09/187,643, and # 09/262,823 that makes our invention unique.
  • Microelectronis described at www.st.com/stonline/index.htm
  • the sensor from Veridicom described at www.veridicom.com/ products.htm
  • a slice of it the sensor from Thomson-CSF, described at www.tcs.thomson- csf.com/US/fingerchip.
  • An appropriate solid-state sensor provides the image of the finge ⁇ rint at a resolution of one bit (black/white) or 8 bits (256 gray levels) per pixel.
  • Finge ⁇ rints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width.
  • Finge ⁇ rint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges.
  • Methods for extracting information about these minutiae from finge ⁇ rint images, storing them as templates of authorized users and matching minutiae from unknown finge ⁇ rints against these stored templates to verify the identity of the person are described in the U.S. patent application titled "Finge ⁇ rint Verification Methods and Apparatus, Consumer Items Inco ⁇ orating the Same", serial # 09/187,643, filed on November 6, 1998,the entire contents of which are hereby inco ⁇ orated by reference.
  • Finge ⁇ rints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width.
  • Finge ⁇ rint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges.
  • the methods described in the above U.S. patent application extracts information about their locations and orientations from the fmge ⁇ rint image.
  • the location information consists of their x and y co-ordinates, and the orientation information consists of the orientation of one (at end points) or three (at bifurcation points) lines at the minutiae.
  • authorized users' minutiae are stored as templates.
  • these minutiae are matched against stores templates.
  • the authorized finge ⁇ rints are stored as minutia templates.
  • three templates from three different scans of the same finger are stored for each person.
  • the new finge ⁇ rint is positively verified.
  • the complete verification system as described above, runs in realtime on an inexpensive 16 or 8 bit micro controller.
  • the sensor from Thomson-CSF described at www.tcs.thomson-csf.com/US/fingerchip, captures the fmge ⁇ rint as slices.
  • This sensor is smaller than the size of a finge ⁇ rint.
  • the patent application titled "A Method For Finge ⁇ rint Verification Directly From Slice Data ' serial # 09/262,823, filed on March 5, 1999 discloses a method to recognize the finge ⁇ rints directly from the slices, without any elaborate reconstruction. This method uses time-delays to combine the minutia information from individual slices. This method can be used when the sensors are smaller than the finge ⁇ rint and when the finger has to be slid past the sensor.
  • method A fmge ⁇ rint-template storage and matching with minutiae extracted from a finge ⁇ rint captured at a POS terminal are done centrally, while in methods B and C, the matching is done locally, at the POS terminal.
  • methods B and C the differences between methods B and C is that in method B, the templates are stored centrally and brought over to the POS terminal, while in method C, no templates are stored at a central location.
  • the minutia information is extracted from the finge ⁇ rint at the POS terminal.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a POS terminal 10 inco ⁇ orating method A.
  • the POS terminal 10 has a finge ⁇ rint sensor 1 1 inco ⁇ orated into it.
  • the customer places his/her finger 12 on the sensor 11.
  • the POS terminal 10 captures an image of the finge ⁇ rint.
  • the POS terminal 10 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key minutiae information and transmits this information 14 (over telephone wires 13 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location.
  • the central computer identifies the finge ⁇ rint and transmits the identity and other relevant information to the POS terminal 10.
  • the POS terminal 10 completes the transaction after receiving a positive verification 15 from the central computer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the above method, where, in addition to providing a finge ⁇ rint 24, the person may also enter an identifying code at the POS terminal 20.
  • This additional information is entered either using a keypad 28, where the customer for example enters a PIN or account number, or by swiping a card 23 containing this information stored on it.
  • the POS terminal 20 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key finge ⁇ rint minutiae information and transmits this information and the PIN 26 (over telephone wires 25 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location.
  • the central computer perfonns an authentication (i.e. verifies he/she is the person identified by the PIN 26).
  • the POS terminal 20 completes the transaction after receiving a positive authentication 27 from the central computer. Since authentication involves only matching one template against the incoming finge ⁇ rint minutiae, the total amount of computation at the central computer is cut down drastically.
  • Method B Central minutia storage and local matching
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration of a POS terminal 30 where the finge ⁇ rint verification is performed at the terminal itself. Only the result of this verification is transmitted to the central computer. The user first enters identifying information about himself by entering a PIN or account number using the keypad 38 or by swiping the card 37 containing this PIN/account number. This information 34 is immediately sent over to the central computer, and the central computer sends back the minutia information
  • the user puts his finger 32 on the finge ⁇ rint sensor 31 in the POS terminal 30.
  • This finge ⁇ rint is compared against the template 35 brought over from the central computer, and the verification result 36 is transmitted back to the central computer.
  • the advantage of such a system is that all templates are stored centrally and available at all terminals.
  • the PIN/account number 34 is very small in size (few bits) and can be transmitted to the central computer very quickly.
  • the minutia template associated with each PIN/account number is also very small (50-100 Bytes) and can be brought over to the POS terminal 30 very quickly.
  • Method C Entire matching done locally at the POS terminal This method is shown schematically in FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b. In FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b. In FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b.
  • the magnetic stripe card 41 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia template of the person's finge ⁇ rint. He swipes the card 41 through the slot 42 and the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 41. The user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40. The terminal performs the minutia- matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium. The central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40.
  • the smart card 43 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia information of the person's finge ⁇ rint.
  • the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 43.
  • the user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40.
  • the terminal performs the minutia-matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium.
  • the central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40.
  • the main advantage of the above configurations is that the entire finge ⁇ rint verification is done at the POS terminal 40, independent of the central computer. There is no data or very minimal (few bits) amount of data (48 and 49) to be transmitted between the terminal 40 and the central computer. There is no central storage of finge ⁇ rints, and hence no "big brother" fears.
  • the card is initially issued to the person at a facility, his finge ⁇ rint is scanned, key minutia information extracted from it, and these minutiae are securely stored on the card.
  • FIG. 5 Another configuration is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the finge ⁇ rint sensor 52 is on the card 51, instead of on the POS terminal 50.
  • the user places the card 51 in the card-reader 55, with is finger 53 on the finge ⁇ rint sensor 52.
  • the POS terminal 50 first gets the account information and then the minutia information from the card 51.
  • the finge ⁇ rint image is captured and compared at the POS terminal 50.
  • the result of verification 57 is optionally transmitted to the central computer via a telephone link 56 or another suitable medium.
  • the central computer sends an authorization information 58 back to the terminal 50.
  • the POS terminal 50 may record information the transaction on the card 51.
  • the advantage of this method is that the same sensor 52 (the one on the user's card 51) is used to create the minutia template of the authorized user and subsequently in every verification. As a result, errors due to differences in sensors are eliminated. For example, different sensors may have different noise characteristics and different image quality.
  • the smart card used in this configuration may be of the existing "multi-app" kind which draws the necessary power from the terminal as the user places it in the card reader, or a future kind with its own battery power. While this invention has been described and illustrated herein with respect to preferred embodiments, it is understood that alternative embodiments and substantial equivalents are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Abstract

A method to increase security of transactions at point of sale, i.e. POS terminals (20) by incorporating fingerprint verification. Key minutiae points from the authorized user's fingerprints (24) are extracted and stored as a template; a complete fingerprint is never stored. Minutiae extracted from the live fingerprint of a user are matched against the stored template. Upon a positive match of the two, the transaction is allowed to proceed.

Description

POINT OF SALE (POS) TERMINALS WITH BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION
Reference to related applications
This application claims priority of U.S. provisional application serial no. 60/125,052, filed March 18, 1999, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the invention This invention relates generally to adding security to point-of-sale (POS) terminals and, in particular, to the use of biometrics and fingeφrint recognition to achieve this security.
Background of the invention In the current mobile and interconnected world, point-of-sale (POS) terminals are becoming widely available. POS terminals are devices such as the electronic cash registers (ECR) used in retail stores and the electronic fund transfer (EFT) terminals used in groceries and gas stations. In the ECRs, use of physical cash may be involved, while in EFTs, only "electronic cash" is involved.
Many new developments are changing the face of POS terminals and making them an integral part of our daily life. They include:
• The use of smart cards
• E-commerce, including electronic trading, online banking, and home ATMs
• New applications such as electronic benefits and loyalty programs and
• New services offering paperless transactions. In the area of paperless transactions, documents and electronic data associated with sale, business, banking, and general retail transactions are processed and supported at remote locations, often associated with service providers. The transfer of data to and from these central locations is encrypted and there is a great need to identify/verify the user.
Currently, during transactions at POS terminals, the identity of the person is either verified through a Personal Identification Number (PIN) or the person is asked to provide a signature. With the advent of convenient fingerprint recognition technologies, and recent legislation allowing electronic verification of identities, biometric identification of the POS terminal user becomes an attractive and convenient way to ensure security of transactions. In this document we disclose fingeφrint recognition methods well suited for POS terminals and describe different ways to carry out the verification process.
There have been many patents awarded for methods to increase the security of POS terminal transactions. The most relevant prior art to this invention is the U.S. patent 6,011,858 titled "Memory card having a biometric template stored thereon and system for using same" which disclosed a programmable memory card adapted to use personal information, including a fingeφrint template. U.S. patent 5,566,327 titled "Computerized theme park information management system utilizing partitioning smart cards and biometric verification" describes the use of a card of the above sort in theme parks.
U.S. patent 6,01 1,858 relates to memory cards and protecting the data on these memory cards using biometric templates. The primary aim of this invention is protection of data on the card. By contrast, the present invention is primarily directed to the identification of an individual through biometric means and the use of this identification to secure transactions at the POS terminal. The fingerprint verification method of the present invention is very different from the methods disclosed in U.S. patent 6,01 1 ,858. The present method does not use the entire fingerprint to compare and does not store the entire fingerprint as templates. Instead, key characteristics of the fingerprint, called minutiae, are extracted from the fingerprint. The storage, matching, and recognition are all done using fingerprint minutiae. As soon as an image of the fingerprint is captured, information on key minutiae is extracted from it and the original fingerprint is discarded. Minutiae-based fingerprint verification has two main advantages, as described below:
1. The templates stored are very compact (about 20-30 bytes) compared to the whole fingerprint (about 65,000 bytes).
2. The verification process needs a fingerprint on the sensor, but the image of a fingerprint can never be reconstructed from its minutiae due to the feature extraction and compression, preventing the misuse of the stored information to infiltrate other fingerprint based securih systems.
Summary of the invention
The present invention comprises of a method and apparatus to increase security of Point of Sale (POS) terminal transactions using a fingerprint verification (FPV) system to verify the identity of authorized users, using compact, stand-alone, fingerprint verification technologies. The central concept of this invention is the incoφoration of fingeφrint verification into the operation of POS terminals. We have previously disclosed very efficient methods for fingeφrint recognition in U.S. patent application titled "Fingeφrint verification methods and apparatus, consumer items incoφorating the same", serial # 09/187,643, filed on November 6, 1998; and U.S. patent application titled "A method for fmgeφrint verification directly from slice data", serial # 09/262,823, filed on March 5, 1999, the entire contents of which are incoφorated herein by reference. The present invention utilizes methods of fingeφrint verification for enhancing the security of transactions at POS terminals.
The recognition systems described in the two pending U.S. patent applications noted above do not directly compare two fingeφrints for verification. Certain key characteristics, called minutiae, are first extracted from fingeφrints. These minutiae are compared against previously stored fmgeφrint minutiae of authorized users. The use of fingeφrint minutiae also has the advantage that the individual templates are very small in size (about 50- 60 bytes). A typical fingeφrint is 65 K Bytes (256x256 image at 8 bits per pixel), and so by extracting key minutiae from the fingeφrints, the amount of data is reduces by a factor of about 1000. Another key factor is that the fingeφrint can't be reconstructed from the stored minutiae.
Again, it is the ability to incoφorate compact minutia detection into the fmgeφrint recognition system that makes our system different from prior art. It also makes fingeφrint identification safe and fraud-proof Although the aforementioned pending patents are the preferred method for fingeφrint recognition, this invention can easily incoφorate any matching technique that is suitably ported onto low-cost hardware and implemented by anyone of ordinary skill in the field. See the papers Jain, A.K., Hong, L., Pankant, S, and Bolle, R., "An Identity Authentication System Using
Fingeφrints", Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1365-1389, 1997; Roddy, A.R., and Stosz, J.D., "Fingeφrint Features - Statistical Analysis and System Performance Estimates", Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1390-1422, 1997; and Blue, J.L., Candela, G.T., Grother, P.J., Chellappa, R., Wilson, C.L., and Blue, J.D., "Evaluation of Pattern Classifiers for Fingeφrint and OCR
Applications", Pattern Recognition, vol. 27, pp. 485-501 , 1994, for some of the commonly used methods for fingeφrint recognition.
Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a fingeφrint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, and a fingeφrint scanner embedded in the POS terminal;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a card reader, a key pad, a fingeφrint scanner, and fingeφrint verification circuitry in the POS terminal;
Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a magnetic- stripe card reader, a fingeφrint scanner, and fingeφrint verification circuitry in the POS terminal; Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader, a fingeφrint scanner, and fingeφrint verification circuitry in the POS terminal; and
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a POS terminal with a smart card reader with the fingeφrint scanner on the smart card, and fingeφrint verification circuitry in the POS terminal.
Detailed description of the invention Our two pending U.S. patent applications (serial # 09/187,643, and serial # 09/262,823) describe extremely compact, minutia-based fmgeφrint verification schemes, using non-obvious techniques.
The technique described in U.S. patent application # 09/187,643 is well suited for sensors of the size of the fingeφrint. The disclosures in it include an efficient method to extract local orientation information from fingeφrint images, a method to characterize a fingeφrint using this information and a method to detect minutiae from it. An efficient method to recognize fingeφrints from this data was also presented. It further presented hardware implementations of the above, and consumer items incoφorating fmgeφrint recognition, not limited to one by the above method, in their design. As a result of methods disclosed in the above patent application, compact and inexpensive fingeφrint recognition systems became possible.
The techniques disclosed in U.S. patent application # 09/262,823 are well suited for sensors smaller than the size of fingeφrints. In that application we disclosed a method for verifying fmgeφrints directly from slice data. The method uses a feature detecting front-end to extract minutia information from the individual slice images of fingeφrints, a bank of time-delays to organize the output of these feature detectors over time, and a set of individual recognition units to recognize each different fingeφrint. The characteristics of each fingeφrint in the database is stored in the pattern of connections between the time-delays and recognition units. In the above patent application we also disclosed an implementation of this method of fmgeφrint recognition using commercially available, inexpensive hardware. The method described in the patent disclosure allows fingeφrint sensors to capture the fingeφrint as thin slices and allows associated recognition systems to do the recognition directly from these slices, as and when they are captured. As a result, (i) the fingeφrint sensors can be small and hence inexpensive, and (ii) the recognition systems do not need cumbersome reconstruction algorithms and hence can be implemented in inexpensive hardware. The technology described in the application made compact, low-cost, stand-alone, fingeφrint verification feasible. It is the extreme synergy between the currently available, compact, fingeφrint sensors (details of which are provided later) and the extremely compact recognition systems disclosed in the pending U.S. patent applications # 09/187,643, and # 09/262,823 that makes our invention unique.
The following description of the present invention is divided into 2 sections, namely:
1. Design of a compact fingeφrint recognition method, and
2. Three distinct methods (named Methods A, B, and C) to incoφorate compact fingeφrint recognition devices into POS terminals. COMPACT FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION METHOD Below is a description of each function in the process of fingeφrint verification. The sensor captures an image of the fingeφrint, and the recognition performs minutia detection, template storage, matching and response generation.
Sensing
The are many currently available compact, solid-state fingeφrint sensors. These are the size of a full postage stamp (for example, the sensor from Authentec, Inc., described at www.autentec.com/products.htm, the sensor from Siemens, described at www.siemens.com, the sensor from ST
Microelectronis, described at www.st.com/stonline/index.htm, the sensor from Veridicom, described at www.veridicom.com/ products.htm), or a slice of it (the sensor from Thomson-CSF, described at www.tcs.thomson- csf.com/US/fingerchip). An appropriate solid-state sensor provides the image of the fingeφrint at a resolution of one bit (black/white) or 8 bits (256 gray levels) per pixel.
Recognition of whole fingeφrints
Fingeφrints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width. Fingeφrint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges. Methods for extracting information about these minutiae from fingeφrint images, storing them as templates of authorized users and matching minutiae from unknown fingeφrints against these stored templates to verify the identity of the person are described in the U.S. patent application titled "Fingeφrint Verification Methods and Apparatus, Consumer Items Incoφorating the Same", serial # 09/187,643, filed on November 6, 1998,the entire contents of which are hereby incoφorated by reference.
Minutia detection
Fingeφrints consist of ridges and valleys of approximately constant width. Fingeφrint minutiae are end points and bifurcation points of these ridges. The methods described in the above U.S. patent application extracts information about their locations and orientations from the fmgeφrint image. The location information consists of their x and y co-ordinates, and the orientation information consists of the orientation of one (at end points) or three (at bifurcation points) lines at the minutiae. In the registration mode, authorized users' minutiae are stored as templates. In the verification mode, these minutiae are matched against stores templates.
Template storage
The authorized fingeφrints are stored as minutia templates. In the preferred embodiment, described in the above U.S. patent application, three templates (from three different scans of the same finger) are stored for each person.
Template matching
For a new image, extract minutiae as described above in "minutia detection" along with calculating their cross-coπelation (with a certain amount of translation and rotation invariance) with all stored templates. Sort the cross- correlation scores and apply the following logic:
• Are any of these cross-correlation values above a pre-determined threshold? • If any of them do, does the next one or two belong to the same person?
If the answers are YES to both, the new fingeφrint is positively verified. The complete verification system, as described above, runs in realtime on an inexpensive 16 or 8 bit micro controller.
Any other suitable matching technique can also be used (see the paper Jain, A.K., Hong, L., Pankant, S, and Bolle, R., "An Identity Authentication
System Using Fingeφrints", Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1365-1389, 1997 for a description of some of the matching techniques).
Recognition of fingeφrint as slices
Unlike the other sensors, the sensor from Thomson-CSF, described at www.tcs.thomson-csf.com/US/fingerchip, captures the fmgeφrint as slices.
This sensor is smaller than the size of a fingeφrint. The patent application titled "A Method For Fingeφrint Verification Directly From Slice Data ' serial # 09/262,823, filed on March 5, 1999 discloses a method to recognize the fingeφrints directly from the slices, without any elaborate reconstruction. This method uses time-delays to combine the minutia information from individual slices. This method can be used when the sensors are smaller than the fingeφrint and when the finger has to be slid past the sensor. POINT OF SALE (POS) TERMINALS INCORPORATING COMPACT FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION METHODS
We now describe three methods, identified as method A, method B, and method C, to incoφorate fingeφrint recognition into POS terminals. In method A, fmgeφrint-template storage and matching with minutiae extracted from a fingeφrint captured at a POS terminal are done centrally, while in methods B and C, the matching is done locally, at the POS terminal. The difference between methods B and C is that in method B, the templates are stored centrally and brought over to the POS terminal, while in method C, no templates are stored at a central location. In all three methods, the minutia information is extracted from the fingeφrint at the POS terminal.
Method A: Minutia storage and matching done centrally
FIG. 1 schematically shows a POS terminal 10 incoφorating method A.
The POS terminal 10 has a fingeφrint sensor 1 1 incoφorated into it. The customer places his/her finger 12 on the sensor 11. The POS terminal 10 captures an image of the fingeφrint. The POS terminal 10 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key minutiae information and transmits this information 14 (over telephone wires 13 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location. The central computer identifies the fingeφrint and transmits the identity and other relevant information to the POS terminal 10. The POS terminal 10 completes the transaction after receiving a positive verification 15 from the central computer.
FIG. 2 shows a modification of the above method, where, in addition to providing a fingeφrint 24, the person may also enter an identifying code at the POS terminal 20. This additional information is entered either using a keypad 28, where the customer for example enters a PIN or account number, or by swiping a card 23 containing this information stored on it. The POS terminal 20 contains all necessary circuitry to extract key fingeφrint minutiae information and transmits this information and the PIN 26 (over telephone wires 25 or via another suitable medium) in a suitably encrypted form to a central computer at a remote location. The central computer perfonns an authentication (i.e. verifies he/she is the person identified by the PIN 26). The POS terminal 20 completes the transaction after receiving a positive authentication 27 from the central computer. Since authentication involves only matching one template against the incoming fingeφrint minutiae, the total amount of computation at the central computer is cut down drastically.
Method B: Central minutia storage and local matching
FIG. 3 schematically shows the configuration of a POS terminal 30 where the fingeφrint verification is performed at the terminal itself. Only the result of this verification is transmitted to the central computer. The user first enters identifying information about himself by entering a PIN or account number using the keypad 38 or by swiping the card 37 containing this PIN/account number. This information 34 is immediately sent over to the central computer, and the central computer sends back the minutia information
35 associated with that account or PIN. The user puts his finger 32 on the fingeφrint sensor 31 in the POS terminal 30. This fingeφrint is compared against the template 35 brought over from the central computer, and the verification result 36 is transmitted back to the central computer. The advantage of such a system is that all templates are stored centrally and available at all terminals. The PIN/account number 34 is very small in size (few bits) and can be transmitted to the central computer very quickly. The minutia template associated with each PIN/account number is also very small (50-100 Bytes) and can be brought over to the POS terminal 30 very quickly.
All these can be done while the fingeφrint 31 is captured and processed at the POS terminal 30. The verification can be done immediately and the whole transaction proceeds with no substantial wait.
Method C: Entire matching done locally at the POS terminal This method is shown schematically in FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4b. In FIG.
4a, the magnetic stripe card 41 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia template of the person's fingeφrint. He swipes the card 41 through the slot 42 and the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 41. The user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40. The terminal performs the minutia- matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium. The central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40. In FIG. 4b, the smart card 43 carries, in addition to the account/PLN information, the minutia information of the person's fingeφrint. He puts the card 43 in the slot 44 and the POS terminal 40 gets the account and minutia information from the card 43. The user subsequently puts his finger 45 on the sensor 46 in the POS terminal 40. The terminal performs the minutia-matching and optionally sends out a result 48 to a central computer via the telephone link 47 or another suitable medium. The central computer optionally sends any information 49 needed (e.g., authorization) back to the POS terminal 40.
The main advantage of the above configurations is that the entire fingeφrint verification is done at the POS terminal 40, independent of the central computer. There is no data or very minimal (few bits) amount of data (48 and 49) to be transmitted between the terminal 40 and the central computer. There is no central storage of fingeφrints, and hence no "big brother" fears. When the card is initially issued to the person at a facility, his fingeφrint is scanned, key minutia information extracted from it, and these minutiae are securely stored on the card.
Another configuration is shown in FIG. 5. The fingeφrint sensor 52 is on the card 51, instead of on the POS terminal 50. The user places the card 51 in the card-reader 55, with is finger 53 on the fingeφrint sensor 52. The POS terminal 50 first gets the account information and then the minutia information from the card 51. The fingeφrint image is captured and compared at the POS terminal 50. The result of verification 57 is optionally transmitted to the central computer via a telephone link 56 or another suitable medium. Optionally, the central computer sends an authorization information 58 back to the terminal 50. The POS terminal 50 may record information the transaction on the card 51.
The advantage of this method is that the same sensor 52 (the one on the user's card 51) is used to create the minutia template of the authorized user and subsequently in every verification. As a result, errors due to differences in sensors are eliminated. For example, different sensors may have different noise characteristics and different image quality. The smart card used in this configuration may be of the existing "multi-app" kind which draws the necessary power from the terminal as the user places it in the card reader, or a future kind with its own battery power. While this invention has been described and illustrated herein with respect to preferred embodiments, it is understood that alternative embodiments and substantial equivalents are included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

I claim:
1. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: imaging circuitry to image a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction; circuitry to extract minutiae information from an image of the fingeφrint produced by the fingeφrint sensor; communication circuitry between the POS terminal and a central computer which contains a database of fingeφrint templates for all authorized persons; and comparison circuitry in the central computer to compare minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the fingeφrint templates stored in the database of the central computer and to generate a signal based on results of the comparison.
2. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1, wherein the imaging circuitry comprises a fingeφrint sensor.
3. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1 , further comprising encryption circuitry to encrypt the minutiae information prior to sending it to the central computer.
4. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1, further comprising decryption circuitry to decrypt the minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the central computer.
5. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor is in the form of a bitmap.
6. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1, wherein the templates stored in the central computer are the minutiae information corresponding to each fmgeφrint.
7. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 1 , wherein the minutiae information extracted from each fmgeφrint are compared with the minutiae information in each fingeφrint template stored in the central computer to authorize a person to proceed with a transaction.
8. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: keyboard circuitry to enter an identification number coπesponding to the person seeking authorization into the POS terminal; communication circuitry to send the identification number to the central computer in order to identify the stored fingeφrint template corresponding to the identification number; circuitry to select the stored fingeφrint template corresponding to the identification number; imaging circuitry to image a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction; circuitry to extract minutiae information from an image of the fingeφrint produced by the fingeφrint sensor; communication circuitry to send extracted minutiae information to a central computer which contains a database of fingeφrint templates for all authorized persons; and comparison circuitry in the central computer to compare the extracted minutiae information with the selected fingeφrint template.
9. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 8, further comprising circuitry to generate a signal based on results of the comparison between the extracted minutiae information and the stored fingeφrint templates.
10. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 8, further comprising encryption circuitry to encrypt the minutiae information prior to sending it to the central computer.
1 1. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 8, further comprising decryption circuitry to decrypt the minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the central computer.
12. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: imaging circuitry to image a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction; circuitry to extract minutiae information from an image of the fingeφrint produced by the imaging circuitry; keyboard circuitry to enter an identification number into the POS terminal corresponding to the person seeking authorization; communication circuitry to send the identification number to the central computer in order to identify the stored fingeφrint template corresponding to the identification number; circuitry to select the stored fingeφrint template corresponding to the identification number and to send the stored template to the POS terminal; and circuitry to compare the extracted minutiae information to the selected fmgeφrint template in the POS terminal.
13. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 12, further comprising circuitry to generate a signal based on results of the comparison between the extracted minutiae information and the stored fingeφrint templates.
14. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 12, further comprising encryption circuitry to encrypt the stored fmgeφrint template prior to sending it to the POS terminal.
15. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 12, further comprising decryption circuitry to decrypt the stored fingeφrint template sent by the central computer in the POS terminal.
16. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: identification card to store a fingeφrint template on the card for a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction prior to the initiation of the transaction; a card reader configured to transfer the stored fingeφrint template from the card to the POS terminal; imaging circuitry on the POS terminal to image a fingeφrint of the person seeking authorization; circuitry to extract minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor in the POS terminal; and circuitry to compare the extracted minutiae information to the stored fingeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
17. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 16, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the POS terminal is in the form of a bitmap.
18. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 16, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the identification card is in the form of minutiae information corresponding to the person seeking authorization.
19. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: smart card circuitry to store a fingeφrint template on a smart card for a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction prior to the initiation of the transaction; an opening in the POS terminal for inserting the smart card into the POS terminal; circuitry to transfer the stored fingeφrint template from the smart card to the POS terminal; imaging circuitry on the POS terminal to image a fingeφrint of the person seeking authorization; circuitry to extract minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor in the POS terminal; and circuitry to compare the extracted minutiae information to the stored fmgeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
20. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 19, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the POS terminal is in the form of a bitmap.
21. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 19, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the smart card is in the form of minutiae information corresponding to the person seeking authorization.
22. A biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: smart card circuitry to store a fingeφrint template on a smart card for a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction prior to the initiation of the transaction; an opening in the POS terminal for inserting the smart card into the POS terminal; circuitry to transfer the stored fingeφrint template from the smart card to the POS terminal; imaging circuitry on the smart card to image a fingeφrint of the person seeking authorization; circuitry to extract minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor on the smart card; and circuitry to compare the extracted minutiae information to the stored fingeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
23. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 22, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the smart card is in the form of a bitmap.
24. The biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 22, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the smart card is in the form of minutiae information coπesponding to the person seeking authorization.
25. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: imaging a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction using a fingeφrint sensor; extracting minutiae information from an image of the fmgeφrint produced by the fingeφrint sensor; communicating extracted minutiae information to a central computer which contains a database of fingeφrint templates for all authorized persons; and comparing minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the fmgeφrint templates stored in the database of the central computer; and generating a signal based on results of the comparison.
26. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, wherein the imaging circuitry comprises a fingeφrint sensor.
27. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, further comprising the step of encrypting minutiae information prior to sending it to the central computer.
28. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, further comprising the step of decrypting the minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the central computer.
29. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor is in the form of a bitmap.
30. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, wherein the templates stored in the central computer are the minutiae information corresponding to each fingeφrint.
31. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 25, further comprising the step of comparing the minutiae information extracted from each fingeφrint with the minutiae information in each fingeφrint template stored in the central computer and authorizing the person to proceed with a transaction based on results of the comparison.
32. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: entering an identification number coπesponding to the person seeking authorization into the POS terminal; sending the identification number to the central computer in order to identify the stored fingeφrint template coπesponding to the identification number; selecting the stored fingeφrint template coπesponding to the identification number; imaging a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction using a fingeφrint sensor; extracting minutiae information from an image of the fingeφrint produced by the fingeφrint sensor; sending extracted minutiae information to a central computer which contains a database of fingeφrint templates for all authorized persons; and comparing the extracted minutiae information to the stored fingeφrint template in the central computer.
33. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 32, further comprising the step of generating a signal based on results of the comparison between the extracted minutiae information and the stored fingeφrint templates.
34. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 32, further comprising the step of encrypting minutiae information prior to sending it to the central computer.
35. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 32, further comprising the step of decrypting the minutiae information sent by the POS terminal to the central computer.
36. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: imaging a fingeφrint of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction using a fingeφrint sensor; extracting minutiae information from an image of the fingeφrint produced by the fingeφrint sensor; entering an identification number coπesponding to the person seeking authorization into the POS terminal; sending the identification number to the central computer in order to identify the stored fingeφrint template coπesponding to the identification number; selecting the stored fingerprint template coπesponding to the identification number and sending the stored template to the POS terminal; and comparing the extracted minutiae information to the selected fingeφrint template in the POS terminal.
37. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 36, further comprising the step of generating a signal based on results of the comparison between the extracted minutiae information and the stored fingeφrint templates.
38. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 36, further comprising the step of encrypting the stored fingeφrint template prior to sending it to the POS terminal.
39. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 36, further comprising the step of decrypting the stored fingeφrint template sent by the central computer in the POS terminal.
40. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: storing a fmgeφrint template of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction in an identification card prior to the initiation of the transaction; transfeπing the stored fingeφrint template from the card to the POS terminal using a card reader; imaging a fingeφrint of the person seeking authorization using a fingeφrint sensor on the POS terminal; extracting minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor on the POS terminal; and comparing the extracted minutiae information to the stored fmgeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
41. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 40, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the smart card is in the form of a bitmap.
42. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 40, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the smart card is in the form of minutiae information coπesponding to the person seeking authorization.
43. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: storing a fingeφrint template of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction in a smart card prior to the initiation of the transaction; inserting the smart card into the POS terminal; transfeπing the stored fingeφrint template from the smart card to the POS terminal; imaging a fmgeφrint of the person seeking authorization using a fingeφrint sensor on the POS terminal; extracting minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor on the POS teπninal; and comparing the extracted minutiae information to the stored fingeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
44. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 43, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the POS terminal is in the form of a bitmap.
45. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 43, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the smart card is in the form of minutiae information coπesponding to the person seeking authorization.
46. A method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal comprising: storing a fingeφrint template of a person seeking authorization to initiate a transaction in a smart card prior to the initiation of the transaction; inserting the smart card into the POS terminal; transfeπing the stored fingeφrint template from the smart card to the POS terminal; imaging a fingeφrint of the person seeking authorization using a fingeφrint sensor on the smart card; extracting minutiae information from the image of the fingeφrint captured by the fingeφrint sensor on the smart card; and comparing the extracted minutiae information to the stored fingeφrint template using POS terminal circuitry.
47. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 46, wherein the image of the fingeφrint generated by the fingeφrint sensor in the smart card is in the form of a bitmap.
48. The method to authorize a transaction at a biometrically enabled point-of-sale (POS) terminal as in claim 46, wherein the fingeφrint template stored in the smart card is in the form of minutiae information coπesponding to the person seeking authorization.
PCT/US2000/007076 1999-03-18 2000-03-17 Point of sale (pos) terminals with biometric verification WO2000055800A1 (en)

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