WO2000064503A1 - Skin-friendly absorbent articles and compositions - Google Patents
Skin-friendly absorbent articles and compositions Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000064503A1 WO2000064503A1 PCT/US2000/011141 US0011141W WO0064503A1 WO 2000064503 A1 WO2000064503 A1 WO 2000064503A1 US 0011141 W US0011141 W US 0011141W WO 0064503 A1 WO0064503 A1 WO 0064503A1
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- sterol
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/34—Oils, fats, waxes or natural resins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/48—Surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/75—Anti-irritant
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the inclusion of a lipid-enriched hydrophobic lotion on the body facing material of disposable absorbent articles, such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, underpants, and feminine care products and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to improving skin health via enhancement of skin barrier function by the delivery of lipid and non-lipid materials from the body facing material of disposable absorbent articles to the skin.
- the stratum corneum is the outer-most layer of the skin and is responsible for regulating skin water levels and functioning as a barrier against chemicals and other stressors found in the environment.
- the complex arrangement of lipids in the intercellular space of the stratum corneum is responsible for the establishment of normal barrier function.
- Multi-layered structures of cholesterol, ceramides, and fatty acids, as well as some other minor lipids provides the major barrier to the transport of hydrophillic substances into the or through the skin.
- the link between the barrier function and skin health is apparent from the skin inflammation caused by lipid extraction from the skin.
- Skin barrier can be damaged due to a number of mechanisms. Physical abrasion, for example caused by the repeated rubbing of abrasive materials, such as absorbent tissues or wipes, on the skin, strips away layers of the skin and thus damages skin barrier.
- Biological fluids such as urine, feces and vaginal secretions, may contain a variety of components that can damage skin barrier. Examples of these components include proteases, lipases and bile acids. Once the skin barrier is compromised, these components, in addition to other constituents of biological fluids, can initiate or exacerbate skin inflammation.
- Diaper dermatitis for example, is a genre of skin conditions that, in large part, originate from impaired barrier function. Impairment of the skin barrier can result from a variety of factors, including; increased skin hydration due to the occlusion of the skin caused by diapers, enzymatic skin damage due to fecal and urinary enzymes, and physical damage caused by repeated cleaning of the skin with cloths or wet wipes.
- Excessive hydration also has a negative impact on skin barrier.
- the hydration level of diapered skin may reach between five to ten times that of undiapered skin. Frequent contact of diapered skin with urine may also contribute to increased skin hydration.
- Increased skin hydration disrupts skin lipid organization in the stratum corneum. This disruption may increase the skin permeability of irritants from feces and urine, thus increasing the risk of skin inflammation.
- Diapered skin is normally cleansed several times a day with wipes utilizing solutions containing surfactants.
- the surfactants can extract lipids from the stratum corneum or disorganize the lipid structure within the stratum corneum, thereby decreasing the barrier function.
- the wipe material can cause physical damage to the skin and thus lead to decreased barrier function.
- Disposable absorbent articles such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, absorbent under pants, and feminine care products have been used to absorb body fluids and leave the skin dry.
- Disposable absorbent articles of this type generally comprise a liquid impermeable back sheet member, an absorbent core or assembly, and a liquid permeable body facing material. It is the body facing material that comes into contact with the wearer's skin. While the body facing material is made of a soft compliant material, it can abrade the skin during use and may not leave the skin completely dry and free of the bodily fluids, such as solid or semi-solid waste, the absorbent article is trying to absorb. During frequent insults of bodily fluids and frequent use of disposable absorbent articles, the skin can become so abraded as to appear red and be sore to the touch.
- barrier creams, lotions or ointments are used to provide an artificial hydrophobic barrier on the skin and treat skin conditions such as diaper rash.
- the application of these chemistries to the skin is often messy and inconvenient. They are typically used only when signs of diaper rash are apparent.
- Diaper liners may be treated with emollients, such as petrolatum, that can be transferred to the skin through normal diapering practices. Once transferred to the skin, diaper liner formulations may provide an artificial barrier against feces and urine. These formulations may require high concentrations of petrolatum to ensure sufficient transfer to the skin for a health benefit. High concentrations of petrolatum can be messy, greasy to the touch, and may impair the fluid handling properties of an absorbent article, such as a diaper. The slow penetration of petrolatum into the skin can lead to smearing of the agent over the skin and onto clothes and other materials.
- emollients such as petrolatum
- Topical chemistry delivered from a bodyside material of an absorbent article that protects, maintains, and/or recovers skin barrier against irritants in biological fluids.
- Topical chemistry delivered from a bodyside material of an absorbent article that absorbs into the skin is non-greasy and cosmetically acceptable to the consumer.
- a skin barrier enhancing, oil based-hydrophobic composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent - sterols and sterol derivatives, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant / surfactant combination having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, and from about 1 to about 25 weight percent viscosity enhancer.
- the composition may have a melting point from about 30°C. to about 100°C. and a process viscosity of greater than about 50 centipoise. Also, the composition may have a penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters to 360 millimeters.
- the present invention is a skin barrier enhancing disposable absorbent article that can be made applying, on the outer surface of the body facing material, a melted lipid-enriched hydrophobic composition comprising an emollient, a wax, a viscosity enhancer, a humectant, a water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, a sterol and sterol derivative, and a natural fat or oil, and thereafter resolidifying the composition to form a distribution on the outer surface of the body facing material. Because the composition is a solid at room temperature and rapidly solidifies after application, it has less tendency to penetrate and migrate into the body facing material.
- the present invention is a body facing material wherein the outer surface of the material has solidified deposits of an oil based-hydrophobic composition
- an oil based-hydrophobic composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent sterols and sterol derivatives, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water- in-oil emulsifying surfactant / surfactant combination having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, and from about 1 to about 25 weight percent viscosity enhancer.
- the composition may have a melting/freezing point of from about 30°C. to about 100°C. and a process viscosity of greater than about 50 centipoise.
- the composition may have a penetration hardness from about 5 millimeters of penetration to 360 millimeters of penetration.
- the present invention resides in a method of treating a body facing material with a composition by comprising: (a) a natural fat or oil, a sterols and sterol combinations, humectant, a water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant(s) having an HBL range from about 3 to about 6, an emollient, a wax, and a viscosity enhancer, to a temperature above the melting point of the composition, causing the composition to melt; (b) uniformly applying the melted composition to the outer surface of the body facing material; and (c) resolidifying the melted composition.
- the composition may have a melting point ranging from about 30 °C. to about 100 °C.
- FIGURE 1 representatively shows a partially cutaway, top plan view of an absorbent article according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 representatively shows a partially cutaway, top plan view of an absorbent article according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a body facing material containing a composition that enhances skin barrier.
- the composition may comprise from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of sterols or sterol derivatives, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of wax, and from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of viscosity enhancer.
- the composition may have a melting point from about 30 °C to about 100 °C.
- the composition may have a process viscosity of greater than about 50 centipoise.
- the composition may have a penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters to about 360 millimeters.
- the add-on amount of the composition may be from about 0.1 grams per meter squared (g/m 2 ) to about 30 g/m 2 of the material, and more preferably from about 0.5 g/m 2 to about 25 g/m 2 .
- the natural fat or oil used in the composition may include sunflower oil, borage, or avocado oil.
- the sterol or sterol derivative used in the composition may include soy sterol, cholesterol, or lanasterol.
- the humectant used in the composition may include glycerin, sorbitol, or hydrodrogenated starch hydrolyzate.
- the emulsifying surfactant used in the composition may include sorbitan oieate, glyceryl stearate, or sorbitan stearate.
- the emollient used in the composition may include petrolatum, mineral oil, or cosmetic esters.
- the wax used in the composition may include ozokerite, cerasin, or microcrystalline wax.
- the viscosity enhancer used in the composition may include ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer or polyethylene.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a body facing material with a composition that enhances skin barrier by: (a) heating a composition comprising a natural fat or oil, a sterol or sterol derivative, a humectant, a water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, an emollient, a wax, and a viscosity enhancer, to a temperature above the melting point of the composition, causing the composition to melt; (b) applying the melted composition to the outer surface of a body facing material web in spaced-apart deposits; and (c) resolidifying the deposits of the melted composition.
- the melted composition may be applied by spraying, slot coating, or printing.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a skin barrier enhancing composition
- a skin barrier enhancing composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of sterols and sterol derivatives, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of wax, and from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of viscosity enhancer.
- the natural fats or oils of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: avocado oil, apricot oil, babassu oil, borage oil, camellia oil, canola oil, castor oil, chamomile, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose oil, hemp seed, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, maleated soybean oil, meadowfoam oil, palm kernel oil, phospholipids, rapeseed oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, rose hip oil, safflower, sunflower oil, soybean oil, sweet almond, PROLIPID 141 , or derivatives of natural fats or oils (such as stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and benenyl alcohol, and the like), and mixtures thereof.
- natural fats or oils such as stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and benenyl alcohol, and the like
- PROLIPID is commercially available from International Specialty Products located in Wayne, New Jersey. PROLIPID is generally described in U.S. Patent No. 5,849,315 to Rerek et al. which issued December 15, 1998; the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference to the extent it is consistent herewith.
- the sterol and sterol derivative of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol, lanasterol, soy sterol, avocado sterols, CRODAROM AVOCADIN, sterol esters, and mixtures thereof.
- the emulsifying surfactant of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sequioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan tristearate, and mixtures thereof. (Crodarom Avocadin is commercially available from Croda, Inc. located in Parsippany, New Jersey.)
- the humectant of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: glycerin, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, propylene glycol, sodium PCA, sodium lactate, sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.
- the emollient of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: mineral oils, mineral jellys, petrolatum, cosmetic esters, and mixtures thereof.
- the wax of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: carnuba, cerasin, cetyl esters, microcrystalline wax, montan wax, ozokerite, synthetic wax, and mixtures thereof.
- the viscosity enhancer of the composition may be selected from the group consisting of: polyolefin resins, polyolefin polymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene and mixtures thereof.
- the amount of the natural fats or oils used in the composition may be from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent.
- the amount of the sterols and sterol derivatives used in the composition may be from about 0.1 to about 10 percent.
- the amount of the emulsifying surfactant used in the composition may be from about 1 to about 20 weight percent.
- the amount of the humectant used in the composition may be from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent.
- the amount of the emollient used in the composition may be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent.
- the amount of the wax used in the composition may be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent.
- the amount of the viscosity enhancer used in the composition may be from about 1 to about 25 weight percent.
- composition comprises about 10 weight percent sunflower oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol, about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 31.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 45 weight percent blend of microcrystalline cetyl esters and ozokerite, and about 7 weight percent viscosity ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the blend of microcrystalline wax, cetyl esters, and ozokerite is from about 10 to about 20 weight percent microcrystalline wax, about 10 to about 20 weight percent cetyl esters, and about 60 to about 80 weight percent ozokerite.
- compositions comprises about 10 weight percent borage oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol, about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 26.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 50 weight percent wax, and about 7 weight percent viscosity ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
- compositions comprises about 10 weight percent avocado oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol, about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 31.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 45 weight percent of a blend of ozokerite, cetyl esters, microcrystiiine wax, and about 7 weight percent viscosity ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the blend of microcrystalline wax, cetyl esters, and ozokerite is about 10 to about 20 weight percent microcrystalline wax, about 10 to about 20 weight percent cetyl esters, and about 60 to about 80 weight percent ozokerite.
- composition comprises about 2 weight percent
- PROLIPID 141 International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey
- PROLIPID 141 International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey
- about 10 weight percent sunflower oil about 1 weight percent soy sterol, about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 34 weight percent petrolatum, about 32 weight percent cerasin, and about 15 weight percent viscosity polyethylene.
- compositions comprises about 2 weight percent PROLIPID 141 (International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey), about 30 weight percent sunflower oil, about 3 weight percent soy sterol, about 5 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent sorbitol, about 5 weight percent petrolatum, about 40 weight percent ozokerite, and about 10 weight percent polyethylene.
- PROLIPID 141 International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey
- sunflower oil about 3 weight percent soy sterol
- soy sterol about 5 weight percent sorbitan oleate
- sorbitol about 5 weight percent sorbitol
- petrolatum about 40 weight percent ozokerite
- ozokerite about 10 weight percent polyethylene.
- compositions comprises about 5 weight percent lanolin, about 25 weight percent sunflower oil, about 3 weight percent cholesterol, about 5 weight percent sorbitan stearate, about 5 weight percent hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, about 2 weight percent petrolatum, about 40 weight percent blend of ozokerite and microcrystalline wax, and about 15 weight percent polyethylene.
- the blend of microcrystalline wax and ozokerite is about 40 weight percent microcrystalline wax and about 60 weight percent ozokerite.
- compositions comprises about 27 weight percent avocado oil, about 3 weight percent avocadin or avocado sterols, about 2 weight percent glyceryl stearate, about 15 weight percent glycerin, about 3 weight percent petrolatum, about 40 weight percent ozokerite, and about 10 weight percent polyethylene.
- compositions comprises about 15 weight percent avocado oil, about 5 weight percent sterol esters, about 10 weight percent glyceryl stearate, about 8 weight percent glycerin, about 2 weight percent petrolatum, about 55 weight percent of a blend of ozokerite and cetyl esters, and about 5 weight percent polyethylene.
- the blend of cetyl esters and ozokerite is about 10 weight percent cetyl esters, and about 90 weight percent ozokerite.
- compositions comprises about 45 weight percent borage oil, about 10 weight percent avocadin or avocado sterols, about 5 weight percent glyceryl stearate, about 1 weight percent glycerin, about 1 weight percent petrolatum, about 36 weight percent cerasin, and about 2 weight percent polyethylene.
- compositions comprises about 25 weight percent sunflower oil, about 3 weight percent lanasterol, about 2 weight percent glyceryl stearate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 15 weight percent petrolatum, about 45 weight percent of a blend of ozokerite and microcrystalline wax, and about 5 weight percent polyethylene.
- the blend of microcrystalline wax and ozokerite is about 10 weight percent microcrystalline wax and about 90 weight percent ozokerite.
- compositions comprises about 35 weight percent avocado oil, about 3 weight percent sitosterol, about 5 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 1 weight percent petrolatum, about 41 weight percent ozokerite, and about 10 weight percent polyethylene.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing/restoring/maintaining the skin barrier function of a user of absorbent articles.
- the method comprises the steps of: a) contacting the skin of the user with a body facing material wherein the body facing material comprises a skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition that provides a skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining benefit upon transfer of the composition from the body facing material to the user's skin; b) transferring at least a portion of the composition from the body facing material to the user's skin during use of the absorbent article; and, c) repeating steps a) and b) with one or more additional body facing material with sufficient frequency to enhance/restore/maintain said skin barrier in an area of skin contacted by the body facing material, relative to skin contacted by an equivalent body facing material that does not comprise the skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition.
- the skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition of the method comprises from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of sterols and sterol derivatives, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of wax, and from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of viscosity enhancer.
- the composition may have a melting point from about 30 °C. to about 100 °C.
- the resolidified composition may have a process viscosity greater than about 50 centipoise.
- the resolidified composition may have a penetration hardness of from about 5 to about 360 millimeters.
- the method may further comprise using a body facing material having a skin-barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by the user on each use occasion.
- the method may further comprise using a body facing material which does not comprise a skin-barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by the user intermittently.
- the method may further comprise using the body facing material comprising a skin-barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by a user whose skin is compromised and with sufficient frequency to improve skin-barrier function.
- the amount of a natural fat or oil or a mixture of natural fats or oils in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent, more specifically from about 5 to about 75 weight percent, more specifically from about 10 to about 50 weight percent.
- natural fats or oils is understood to include fats, oils, essential oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, phospholipids, and mixtures thereof.
- suitable natural fats or oils include, but are not limited to, the following materials classified according to CTFA designations:
- Hydrogenated Orange Roughy Oil Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Palm Oil, Hydrogenated Peanut Oil, Hydrogenated Shark Liver Oil, Hydrogenated Soybean Oil, Hydrogenated Tallow, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Lanolin and Lanolin Derivatives, Lard, Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic Triglyceride, Lesquerella Oil, Linseed Oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, Maleated Soybean Oil, Meadowfoam Seed Oil, Menhaden Oil, Mink Oil, Moringa Oil, Mortierella Oil, Neatsfoot Oil, Oleic/Linoleic Triglyceride,
- Oleic/Palmitic/Lauric/Myristic/Linoleic Triglyceride Oleostearine, Olive Husk Oil, Olive Oil, Omental Lipids, Orange Roughy Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Oil, Peach Kernel Oil, Peanut Oil, Pengawar Djambi Oil, Pentadesma Butter, Phospholipids, Pistachio Nut Oil, Placental Lipids, Rapeseed Oil, Rice Bran Oil, Safflower Oil, Sesame Oil, Shark Liver Oil, Shea Butter, Soybean Oil, Sphingolipids, Sunflower Seed Oil, Sweet Almond Oil, Tall Oil, Tallow, Tribehenin, Tricaprin, Tricaprylin, Triheptanoin, Trihydroxymethoxystearin, Trihydroxystearin, Triisononanoin, Triisostearin, Trilaurin, Trilinolein, Trilinolenin, Trimyristin, Trioctanoin, Triolein
- Fatty Acids Arachidic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Behenic Acid, Capric Acid, Caproic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Coconut Acid, Corn Acid, Cottonseed Acid, Hydrogenated Coconut Acid, Hydrogenated Menhaden Acid, Hydrogenated Tallow Acid, Hydroxystearic Acid,
- Isostearic Acid Wayne Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Linseed Acid, Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palm Kernel Acid, Pelargonic Acid, Ricinoleic Acid, Soy Acid, Stearic Acid, Tall Oil Acid, Tallow Acid, Undecanoic Acid, Undecylenic Acid, Wheat Germ Acid, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- Fatty Alcohols Behenyl Alcohol, C 9 -C,., Alcohols, C 12 -C 13 Alcohols, C 12 -C 15 Alcohols, C 12 - C 16 Alcohols, C 14 -C 15 Alcohols, Caprylic Alcohol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, coconut Alcohol, Decyl Alcohol, Hydrogenated Tallow Alcohol, Lauryl Alcohol, Myristyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol, Palm Alcohol, Palm Kernel Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Tallow Alcohol, Tridecyl Alcohol, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- Essential Oils Anise Oil, Balm Mint Oil, Basil Oil, Bee Balm Oil, Bergamot Oil, Birch Oil, Bitter Almond Oil, Bitter Orange Oil, Calendula Oil, California Nutmeg Oil, Caraway Oil, Cardamom Oil, Chamomile Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Clary Oil, Cloveleaf Oil, Clove Oil, Coriander Oil, Cypress Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Fennel Oil, Gardenia Oil, Geranium Oil, Ginger Oil, Grapefruit Oil, Hops Oil, Hyptis Oil, Indigo Bush Oil, Jasmine Oil, Juniper Oil, Kiwi Oil, Laurel Oil, Lavender Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Lemon Oil, Linden Oil, Lovage Oil, Mandarin Orange Oil, Matricaria Oil, Musk Rose Oil, Nutmeg Oil, Olibanum, Orange Flower Oil, Orange Oil, Patchouli Oil, Pennyroyal Oil, Peppermint Oil, Pine Oil, Pine Tar Oil, Rose Hips Oil, Rosemary Oil, Rose Oil, Rue Oil, Sage Oil,
- the preferred natural fats or oils include, but not limited to: Avocado Oil, Apricot Oil, Babassu Oil, Borage Oil, Camellia oil, Canola oil, Castor Oil, coconut oil, Corn Oil, Cottonseed Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil, Hydrogenated Palm Kernal Oil, Maleated Soybean Oil, Meadowfoam Oil, Palm Kernel Oil, Phospholipids, Rapeseed Oil, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, Lauryl Alcohol, Myristyl Alcohol, Benenyl Alcohol, Rose Hip Oil, Sunflower Oil, Soybean Oil, PROLIPID 141 (proprietary blend of Glyceryl Stearate, Fatty Acids, Fatty Alcohols , and Phospholipids from International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey) and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the amount of sterols or sterol derivative or mixture thereof in the oil based- hydrophobic composition can be from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, more specifically from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 0.8 to about 1 weight percent.
- suitable sterols and sterol derivatives include, but are not limited to, the following materials: ⁇ -sterols having a tail on the 17 position and having no polar groups for example cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol, as well as, C 10 -C 30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters, cholecalciferol, cholesteryl hydroxystearate, cholesteryl isostearate, cholesteryl stearate, 7-dehydrocholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, dihydrocholesteryl octyldecanoate, dihydrolanosterol, dihydrolanosteryl octyldecanoate, ergocalciferol, tall oil
- the amount of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant / surfactant combination with an HLB range from about 3 to about 6 in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 1 to about 20 weight percent, more specifically from about 2 to about 10 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 3 to about 8 weight percent.
- Emulsifying surfactants are employed typically in cosmetic preparations to form emulsions of various components.
- the immiscible phase such as water and water soluble/dispersible materials, is dispersed as droplets in the continuous phase, such as an oil.
- the preferred surfactants and surfactant combinations with an HLB of from about 3 to about 6, include, but are not limited to: Sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sequioleate, sorbitan tholeate, glyceryl stearate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan tristearate, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the amount of humectant in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent, more specifically from about 1 to about 15 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 3 to about 10 weight percent.
- Humectants are typically cosmetic ingredients used to increase the water content of the top layers of the skin. This group of materials includes primarily hydroscopic ingredients.
- suitable humectants include, but are not limited to, the following materials Acetamide MEA, Aloe Vera Gel, Arginine PCA, Chitosan PCA, Copper PCA, Corn
- Glycehdes Dimethyl Imidazolidinone, Fructose, Glucamine, Glucose, Glucose Glutamate, Glucuronic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycereth-7, Glycereth-12, Glycereth-20, Glycereth-26, Glycerin, Honey, Hydrogenated Honey, Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Lactamide MEA, Lactic Acid, Lactose Lysine PCA, Mannitol, Methyl Gluceth- 10, Methyl Gluceth-20, PCA, PEG-2 Lactamide, PEG-10 Propylene Glycol, Polyamino Sugar Condensate, Potassium PCA, Propylene Glycol, Propylene Glycol Citrate, Saccharide Hydrolysate, Saccharide Isomerate, Sodium Aspartate, Sodium Lactate, Sodium PCA, Sorbitol, TEA-Lactate, TEA
- the preferred humectants include, but are not limited to: Glycerin, Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate, Propylene glycol, Sodium PCA, Sodium Lactate, Sorbitol and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the amount of emollient in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent, more specifically from about 15 to about 80 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 20 to about 65 weight percent.
- suitable emollients include, but are not limited to, the following materials: Mineral Oil, Mineral Jelly, Petrolatum, cosmetic esters, fatty esters, glyceryl esters, alkoxylated carboxylic acids, alkoxylated alcohols, fatty alcohols, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, petrolatum base oils, silicones, fats, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyhydroxy esters, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the amount of wax in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent, more specifically from about 10 to about 75 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 20 to about 60 weight percent.
- suitable waxes include, but are not limited to, the following materials: natural and synthetic waxes, such as bayberry wax, beeswax, C 30 alkyl dimethicone, candelilla wax, carnuaba, ceresin, cetyl esters, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated jojoba oil, hydrogenated jojoba wax, hydrogenated microcrystalline wax, hydrogenated rice bran wax, japan wax, jojoba butter, jojoba esters, jojoba wax, lanolin wax, microcrystalline wax, mink wax, motan acid wax, motan wax, ouricury wax, ozokerite, paraffin, PEG-6 beeswax, PEG-8 beeswax, rice bran wax, shellac wax, spent grain wax, steryl
- the preferred waxes include but are not limited to; carnuba, cerasin, cetyl esters, microcrystalline wax, montan wax, ozokerite, synthetic wax, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the amount of viscosity enhancer in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 1 to about 25 weight percent, more specifically from about 5 to about 20 weight percent, and still more specifically from about 10 to about 15 weight percent.
- suitable viscosity enhancers include, but are not limited to, the following materials: the group consisting of polyolefin resins, polyolefin polymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the term 'body facing material' includes, but is not limited to, materials such as: body side liner; elastic material; tissue; intake and distribution material, absorbent material, including, but not limited to coform, woven and nonwoven materials, back sheet liner material, or any other material known in the art that are or can be used in the construction of personal care absorbent articles, such as diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence product, feminine hygiene products.
- absorbent material including, but not limited to coform, woven and nonwoven materials, back sheet liner material, or any other material known in the art that are or can be used in the construction of personal care absorbent articles, such as diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence product, feminine hygiene products.
- the term 'body facing material' is understood to include materials that are both typically and less frequently in contact with the wearer's skin.
- the body facing material of the present invention can be a single layer or multi-layers.
- composition of the present invention can be applied to a specific portion or component of the absorbent article or to the entire surface of the absorbent article that comes into contact with the wearer's skin during use of the absorbent article.
- the composition can be applied in varying concentration or deposition amounts on the skin contacting surface of the absorbent article or portion thereof.
- the compositions are applied such that the compositions will be delivered via contact with the user's skin during the use of the absorbent article.
- the compositions of the present invention can be applied after the body facing material has been incorporated into the absorbent article or prior to incorporating the body facing material into the absorbent article.
- the phrase 'effective amount of the composition' is understood to mean an amountof the composition of the present invention which, when applied to the body facing material, will be effective in providing skin barrier enhancing benefits.
- Resolidification of the melted oil based-hydrophobic composition can occur almost instantaneously, without the need for external cooling means such as chill rolls, if the composition is heated to a temperature only slightly above or at the melting point of the composition.
- external means such as chill rolls, either before or after the application of melt, can be used if desired to accelerate resolidification.
- Such instantaneous resolidification tends to impede penetration of the composition into the bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20 and retain it on the outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20, which is advantageous.
- the temperature of the melted composition can advantageously be above the melting point about 10 °C. or less, more specifically about 5 °C. or less and still more specifically about 2 °C. or less.
- the viscosity of the melted composition generally increases, which further enhances the tendency of the melted composition to be retained on the outer surface 28.
- melting point is the temperature at which the majority of the melting occurs, it being recognized that melting actually occurs over a range of temperatures.
- the melting point of the compositions of this invention can be from about 30 °C. to about 100 °C, more specifically from about 40 °C. to about 80 °C, and still more specifically from about 50 °C. to about 60 °C.
- penetration hardness is the needle penetration in millimeters according to ASTM D 1321 , “Needle Penetration of Petroleum Waxes. Lower needle penetration hardness values correspond to harder materials.
- the penetration hardness of the compositions of this invention can be from about 5 to 360 millimeters, more specifically from about 5 to about 200 millimeters, more specifically from about 20 to about 150 millimeters, and still more specifically from about 40 to about 100 millimeters. (Formulations having a needle penetration hardness greater than 360 millimeters cannot be measured using ASTM method D 1321 ).
- the hardness of the formulations or compositions of this invention is important for two reasons. First, the softer the formulation the more mobile the formulation will be, making the formulation more likely to migrate to the interior of the bodyside liner 18 or 20 as well as the absorbent core 14, which is not desirable. Secondly, softer formulations tend to be more greasy/oily to the touch, which is also less desirable. In general, formulations having a needle penetration hardness of from about 200 to 360 millimeters feel creamy to slightly greasy with less smoothness (depending on additives). Formulations that have needle penetration hardness values of from about 5 to about 200 millimeters feel silky to creamy and very smooth (depending on additives).
- melt point viscosity and/or the process temperature viscosity of the formulations or compositions of this invention is important for two reasons.
- ingredients can be used.
- the classes of ingredients and their corresponding benefits include, without limitation: antifoaming agents (reduce the tendency of foaming during processing); antimicrobial actives; antifungal actives; antiseptic actives; antioxidants (product integrity to prevent oxidation of natural oils and other ingredients on the formulation or composition); astringents - cosmetic (induce a tightening or tingling sensation on skin); astringent - drug (a drug product which checks oozing, discharge, or bleeding when applied to skin or mucous membrane and works by coagulating protein); biological additives (enhance the performance or consumer appeal of the product including vitamins); colorants (impart color to the product); deodorants (reduce or eliminate unpleasant odor and protect against the formation of malodor on body surfaces); emollients (help to maintain the soft, smooth, and pliable appearance of the skin by their ability to remain on the skin surface or in the stratum corneum to act as lubricants, to reduce flaking, and
- the minimum level of the composition to be applied to the bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20 is an amount effective for reducing abrasion or irritation of the skin of the wearer.
- the total bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20 add-on of the composition can be from about 0.05 to about 100 mg/cm 2 , desirably from about 1 to about 50 mg/cm 2 and more desirably from about 10 to about 40 mg/cm 2 based on the weight of the bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20.
- the add-on amount will depend upon the desired effect of the composition on the product attributes and the specific composition.
- a preferred method to uniformly apply the heated composition to the outer surface 28 of the web of the bodyside liner 18 or tissue material 20 is spraying or slot-coating.
- other methods such as flexographic, roto-gravure printing, and spraying, such as WEKO, can be used.
- absorbent article refers to articles or products that are used to absorb and contain bodily fluids.
- Disposable absorbent articles 10 include such products as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence articles, absorbent under pants, and feminine care products that have been used to absorb body fluids and leave the skin dry.
- Disposable absorbent articles 10 of this type generally comprise a liquid impermeable back sheet member 12, an absorbent core 14 or absorbent assembly 16, and a liquid permeable bodyside liner 18. (See Figures 1 and 2.) It is the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 that comes into contact with the wearer's skin. Typically, the back sheet member 12 is joined to the bodyside liner 18 with the absorbent core 14 disposed between the back sheet member 12 and the bodyside liner 18. A general description of these components, the back sheet member 12, the bodyside liner 18, and the absorbent core 14, will be discussed below. In general, the absorbent core 14 absorbs and retains bodily fluids, such as urine, menses, and other body exudates.
- bodily fluids such as urine, menses, and other body exudates.
- the absorbent core 14 is preferably compressible, conformable, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin.
- the absorbent core 14 may take a variety of sizes and shapes, such as rectangular, oval, hourglass, "T" shaped, asymmetric, dog bone, and the like.
- the absorbent core 14 may be comprised of a wide variety of liquid absorbent materials commonly used in absorbent articles 10.
- Absorbent cores 14 typically include a porous fibrous matrix 22 and high absorbency material 24.
- the porous fibrous matrix 22 of absorbent core 14 is preferably an air laid batt of fluff and high absorbency material 24 which may be formed in many ways, for example according to the teaching of Mazurak and Fries as set forth in U.S. Patent 4,381 ,782 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent it is consistent herewith.
- the absorbent core 14 can comprise an air-formed mixture of high absorbency material 24 (SAP) and fibers 22, preferably of fluff pulp.
- SAP high absorbency material 24
- the mixing of the fluff fibers 22 and the high absorbency material 24 can be homogeneous, graduated, or layered.
- the fibers 22, other than fluff pulp such as chemically stiffened and thermo-mechanical pulps, can be used.
- the absorbent core 14 can comprise absorbent material other than air formed fluff 22 and SAP 24.
- absorbent material other than air formed fluff 22 and SAP 24.
- coform materials as referenced in US Patents 4,818,464 to Lau and 4,100,324 to Anderson can be used to make the absorbent as long as they also contain high absorbency materials.
- wet formed composite materials comprising a combination of fibers and high absorbency materials as disclosed in US Patent 5,651 ,862 to Anderson et al. can also be used.
- Stabilized air-laid materials comprising a mixture of fibers, binder fibers, and high absorbency materials which are bound together by latex binding or through air bonding are also usable as absorbent materials.
- any material known in the art that serves to absorb body exudates can be used to construct the absorbent core 14 as shown in the present invention.
- the high absorbency materials 24 are typically hydrogel polymers that are desirably sufficiently cross-linked to render the materials substantially water-insoluble. Cross-linking may, for example, be by irradiation or by covalent, ionic, van der Waals or hydrogen bonding. Suitable materials are available from various commercial vendors, such as Dow Chemical Company (Drytech 2035 LD), Hoechst-Celanese Corporation and Allied-Colloid. Typically, the high-absorbency material 24 is capable of absorbing at least about 15 times its weight in water, and desirably is capable of absorbing more than about 25 times its weight in water.
- the high-absorbency material 24 can be distributed or otherwise incorporated into the absorbent core 14 employing various techniques.
- the high-absorbency material 24 can be substantially uniformly distributed among the fibers 22 comprising the absorbent core 14.
- the material 24 can also be non-uniformly distributed within the fibers 22 of the absorbent core 14 to form a generally continuous gradient with either an increasing or decreasing concentration of high-absorbency material 24, as determined by observing the concentration moving inward from the back sheet member 12.
- the high-absorbency material 24 can comprise a discrete layer separate from the fibers 22 of the absorbent core 14, or can comprise a discrete layer integral with the absorbent core 14.
- the absorbent core 14 may also include a wrap layer 26 to help maintain the integrity of the fibrous absorbent core 14.
- This wrap layer 26 may comprise a cellulosic tissue or spunbond, meltblown or bonded-carded web material composed of synthetic polymer filaments, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyesters or the like or natural polymer filaments such as rayon or cotton.
- the wrap layer 26 may be made of the same materials as those used in the bodyside liner 18 or be made of materials differing from those used in the bodyside liner 18. In some cases, the bodyside liner 18 may be absent, and the wrap layer 26, also referred to as tissue material 20, will serve as the bodyside layer 18 of the absorbent article 10, coming in contact with the wearer's skin.
- the absorbent core 14 can include additional components to assist in the acquisition, distribution, and storage of bodily exudates, such as a dusting layer, a transport layer, a wicking or acquisition/distribution layer, an intake layer, or a surge layer. See U.S.
- Patent 4,798,603 issued January 17, 1989, to Meyer et al., or a surge management layer, such as described in U.S. Patent 5,486,166 issued January 23, 1996, to Bishop et al., U.S.
- Patent 5,364,382 issued November 15, 1994, to Latimer et al., U.S. Patent 5,490,846 to Ellis et al., U.S. patent 5,429,629 to Latimer et al., U.S. Patent 5,509,915 to Hanson et al.,
- the bodyside liner 18 consists of a nonwoven or other soft material for contacting the wearer's skin.
- the bodyside liner 18 has an outer (exterior) surface 28 that faces toward the wearer and an inner (interior) surface 30 that faces away from the wearer.
- the bodyside liner 18 is described in more detail below.
- the bodyside liner 18 is compliant and soft feeling to the wearer.
- the bodyside liner 18 may be any soft, flexible, porous sheet that is aqueous liquid permeable, permitting aqueous liquids to readily penetrate into its thickness.
- a suitable bodyside liner 18 may be manufactured from a wide range of materials, such as natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers) or from a combination of natural and synthetic fibers or reticulated foams and apertured plastic films.
- natural fibers e.g., wood or cotton fibers
- synthetic fibers e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers
- the bodyside liner 18 is formed of an aqueous liquid permeable material so that aqueous liquid waste, and possibly semi-solid waste as well, can pass through to the absorbent core 14 and be absorbed by the absorbent core 14 of the absorbent article 10.
- a suitable bodyside liner 18 may be comprised of a nonwoven web, a spunbond, meltblown or bonded-carded web composed of synthetic polymer filaments or fibers, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyesters or the like, a perforated film, or a web or natural polymer filaments or fibers such as rayon or cotton.
- the bodyside liner 18 may be treated with a surfactant to aid in aqueous liquid transfer.
- the bodyside liner 18 is a nonwoven spunbond.
- the spunbond material is available from Kimberly-Clark Corporation, located in Roswell, GA.
- the bodyside liner 18 has a weight from about 0.3 oz. per square yard (osy) to about 2.0 osy and alternatively about 0.5 osy.
- the bodyside liner 18 of the underpant maybe printed, colored or decoratively embossed.
- the bodyside liner 18 can also be a nonwoven web or sheet of polyolefin fibers, such as polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, Rayon, chisso and the like.
- the bodyside liner 18 may also be a plastic film with perforations, an expanded plastic webbing material or a scrim material.
- the bodyside liner 18 has a pore size that readily allows the passage therethrough of air, sweat, and perspiration due to the breathability of the material.
- the bodyside liner 18 may be selectively embossed or perforated with discrete slits or holes extending therethrough.
- the fabric of the bodyside liner 18 is surface treated with a surfactant such as that commercially available from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc., of Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.A. under the trade designation TRITON X-102.
- a surfactant such as that commercially available from Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company, Inc., of Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.A. under the trade designation TRITON X-102.
- the term “fabric” refers to all of the woven, knitted and nonwoven fibrous webs.
- nonwoven web means a web of material that is formed without the aid of a textile weaving or knitting process.
- an aqueous liquid permeable bodyside liner 18 can be made of a carded web of polyester fibers bonded to a spunbonded polypropylene or polyethylene carrier sheet.
- the carded material is made up of about 20 to about 60 weight percent polypropylene or polyethylene and about 80 to about 40 weight percent polyester.
- the back sheet member 12 is needed to prevent aqueous liquid strike through to the outer clothing when bodily fluid is discharged onto the absorbent core 14 of the absorbent article 10.
- the back sheet member 12 typically consists of an aqueous liquid impermeable film such as polyethylene.
- the aqueous liquid impermeable back sheet member 12 has an outer (exterior) surface 32 that faces away from the wearer and an inner (interior) surface 34 that faces toward the wearer.
- the back sheet member 12 acting as a barrier, should retard the movement of the aqueous liquid through the absorbent article 10 by making the back sheet member 12 resistant to penetration normally encountered under wearing conditions.
- the back sheet member 12 desirably comprises a material that is formed or treated to be aqueous liquid impermeable.
- the back sheet member 12 may comprise an aqueous liquid permeable material and other suitable means (not shown), such as an aqueous liquid impermeable layer associated with the absorbent core 14 may be provided to impede aqueous liquid movement away from the absorbent core 14 of the absorbent article 10.
- the disposable absorbent article 10 may be rendered aqueous liquid impermeable by any method well known in the art such as coating the absorbent core 14 or by securing a separate aqueous liquid impermeable material to the absorbent core 14.
- the back sheet member 12 may comprise a thin, aqueous liquid impermeable web or sheet of plastic film such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or similar material.
- Other acceptable materials include a single spunbonded layer of the above types of materials, two layers of spunbonded and meltblown materials or a three-layer material of spunbonded- meltblown-spunbonded material.
- Suitable foam materials may also be used, as well as materials that are both aqueous liquid impermeable and vapor- permeable.
- the back sheet member 12 may comprise a nonwoven, fibrous web which has been suitably constructed and arranged to have low aqueous liquid permeability. Still alternately, the back sheet member 12 may comprise a layered or laminated material, such as a thermally bonded plastic film and nonwoven web composite. Alternatively, the back sheet member 12 consists of a aqueous liquid impermeable film or foam which is permeable to water vapor under normal wearing conditions. More preferred, the back sheet member 12 has a water vapor transmission rate of at least about 800 grams/m 2 /24 hours measured by ASTM E96-92. One example of a suitable film is a 39.4 grams per square meter microporous film produced by Mitsui and sold by Consolidated Thermoplastics (CT) under the tradename of ESPOIR® N-TAF-CT.
- CT Consolidated Thermoplastics
- the absorbent articles 10 may also include elastic members 36 in the waist 42 (in absorbent articles 10 such as under pants and briefs), in the regions surrounding the leg openings 38 and 40, in the waist portions (not shown) as fit elastics (in absorbent articles 10 such as under pants), in side panels (not shown) (in absorbent articles 10 such as briefs and under pants), and in flap or barrier structures (not shown).
- the elastic members 36 may be in the form of strips, ribbons, connected ribbons or strips, sheets, strands, bands, threads, filaments, or any combination of these shapes and others known to the art.
- the elastic members 36 may also be of latent elastic material that is activated after placement in the absorbent articles 10.
- compositions of the present invention are solid or semisolid at 30° C.
- the term "semisolid” refers to a composition having a rheology typical of pseudoplastic or plastic fluids. Because the compositions are in at as least a semisolid state at ambient temperatures, migration of the composition is minimized. The compositions, being solid or semisolid at ambient temperatures, do not have the tendency to migrate into the interior of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 and ultimately into the absorbent article 10 to which the composition has been applied. The compositions are transferable to the wearer's skin by normal contact, movement of the wearer, or the body heat of the wearer.
- the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 contains an effective amount of the composition of the present invention.
- the term "bodyside liner” is used interchangeably with the term “tissue material”.
- the phrase "effective amount of the composition” refers to an amount of the composition which, when applied to a bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20, will be effective in reducing abrasion and irritation.
- the composition is applied to the outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 of the absorbent article 10. Any of a variety of application methods that evenly distribute lubricious materials having a molten or liquid consistency can be used.
- Suitable methods include spraying, slot coating, printing (such as flexographic printing), coating (such as gravure coating), extrusion, or combinations of these methods, such as spraying the composition on a rotating surface, then transferring the composition to the outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20.
- the manner of applying the composition to the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 should be such that the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 does not become saturated with the composition. If the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 becomes saturated with the composition, the fluid permeability of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 may be reduced or blocked. In addition, saturation of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 is not necessary to obtain therapeutic or protective benefits from the composition of the present invention.
- a variety of fastening means 44 can be used for securing the absorbent article 10 around or in contact with the wearer including tape fasteners, belts, ties, disposable and reusable garments, and mechanical type fasteners.
- the mechanical type fasteners include buttons, button holes, snaps, buckles, clasps, hooks and loops, end extensions, tabs, and the like which are designed or adapted to interlock or engage some type of a complimentary device or the outer cover of the absorbent article 10.
- Suitable engaging elements for such mechanical closure elements include self-engaging geometric shaped materials, such as hooks, loops, snaps, buckles, bulbs, mushrooms, arrowheads, balls on stems, male and female mating components, or the like.
- the disposable absorbent articles 10 may also include flap or gasket structures (not shown). These flap or gasket structures can be assembled in a number of different configurations, including those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,704,116 issued to Enloe on November 3, 1987, U.S. Patent 4,846,823 issued to Enloe on July 11 , 1989, U.S. Patent 5,413,570 issued to Enloe on May 9, 1995, U.S. Patent 5,415,644 issued to Enloe on May 16, 1995 and U.S. Patent 5,599,338 issued to Enloe on February 4, 1997.
- compositions of the present invention may be applied to the entire outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 or portions thereof.
- the composition is applied in a stripe or pattern aligned with a centered on the longitudinal centerline 46 of the disposable absorbent article 10. (See Figure 1.)
- the dimensions of the stripe or pattern will vary with the different absorbent articles 10 to which the composition is being applied.
- compositions of the present invention may be applied non-uniformly to the outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20.
- non- uniformly refers to the amount, pattern of distribution, thickness of the application, or the like, of the composition can be varied over the outer surface 28 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20.
- the composition could be applied to the inner surface 30 of the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20, alone or in combination with the application of the composition to the outer surface 28.
- compositions of the present invention can be applied to the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 at any point during assembly of the absorbent article 10.
- the raw material web being formed into the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 may be treated with the composition before the web is processed into the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20; the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 may be treated with the composition before being incorporated into the absorbent article 10; and, the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 may be treated with the composition after the bodyside liner 18 or the tissue material 20 has been incorporated into the absorbent article 10.
- PROLIPID 141 1.0%
- PROLIPID 141 1.0%
- PROLIPID 141 (ISP) 1.0%
- PROLIPID 141 (ISP) 1.0%
- Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent articles promote barrier repair as measured by TEWL..
- TEWL Transepidermal water loss
- TEWL measurements were obtained using a Dermalab evaporimeter instrument at 1 , 2, and 4 hours. Mean TEWL values are expressed in Table 1. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to adjust for the repeated TEWL measures.
- Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent articles enhance skin moisturization as measured by conductance.
- Untreated 200 220 235 232 223 denotes significantly different than untreated site.
- Untreated 200 220 235 232 223 denotes significantly different than untreated site.
- the above data clearly demonstrates that the lipid-enriched formulations improve skin barrier moisturization.
- Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent articles enhance skin moisturization as measured by conductance.
- Example 4 Lipid-enriched liners enhance skin barrier as measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and exclusion of water-soluble insult.
- TEWL transepidermal water loss
- TEWL and chromameter reading were taken after the last cycle. Least square of the mean of the last TEWL reading with baseline values subtracted are expressed in Table 4. TEWL values were found to decrease due to recovery of the barrier after the washout as well as due to deposition of the lotion treatment. Significant differences were found between the means of the codes.
- the wiped skin sites were then challenged with a water soluble dye (0.5% methylene blue) by adding 300 microliters of the dye to a HillTop chamber.
- a chamber was placed on each site and pressed down gently to ensure contact with the skin. After 1 minute of contact the chamber was removed and the arm rinsed under water for 30 seconds. Each site was blotted dry and a chromameter reading was obtained.
- a control site was included on one arm for the ability to determine the extent of dye uptake on untreated skin.
- the lipid-enriched hydrophobic composition of the present invention may provide absorbent articles having improved softness as well as providing improved protection of the skin barrier function. Accordingly, the different aspects of the present invention can advantageously provide absorbent articles which, when compared to conventional absorbent articles, are softer and have improved protection of skin barrier function. Such absorbent articles can advantageously be used for diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products, underpants, and feminine care products and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00926374A EP1173232A1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Skin-friendly absorbent articles and compositions |
JP2000613492A JP2002541983A (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Skin-friendly absorbent article and composition thereof |
AU44913/00A AU768087B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Skin-friendly absorbent articles and compositions |
KR1020017013462A KR20020030265A (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Skin-Friendly Absorbent Articles and Compositions |
BR0009982-1A BR0009982A (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Body-facing material having an outer surface that has a skin barrier-enhancing composition and skin production process |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13069999P | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | |
US09/379,928 US6287581B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-08-24 | Absorbent articles providing skin health benefits |
US09/379,928 | 1999-08-24 | ||
US60/130,699 | 1999-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2000064503A1 true WO2000064503A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2000/011141 WO2000064503A1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-20 | Skin-friendly absorbent articles and compositions |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6287581B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1173232A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002541983A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020030265A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1348387A (en) |
AU (1) | AU768087B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0009982A (en) |
CO (1) | CO5160274A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI231762B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000064503A1 (en) |
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KR20210021993A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2021-03-02 | 유니 참 코포레이션 | Absorbent article |
KR102518885B1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2023-04-05 | 유니 참 코포레이션 | absorbent article |
CN114206283A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-03-18 | 大王制纸株式会社 | Functional sheet, absorbent article provided with same, and method for producing same |
CN114206283B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-07-04 | 大王制纸株式会社 | Functional sheet, absorbent article provided with same, and method for producing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1173232A1 (en) | 2002-01-23 |
AU4491300A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
CN1348387A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
US6287581B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 |
AU768087B2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
CO5160274A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
BR0009982A (en) | 2002-01-08 |
KR20020030265A (en) | 2002-04-24 |
TWI231762B (en) | 2005-05-01 |
JP2002541983A (en) | 2002-12-10 |
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