METHOD OF SUPPORTING FUNCTIONALITY FOR ROAMER PORT
CALLS IN A RADIO TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK IN
WHICH NUMBER PORTABILITY IS IMPLEMENTED
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to telecommunication systems and, more particularly, to a method of supporting functionality for roamer port calls in a radio telecommunications network in which Number Portability (NP) is implemented Descnption of Related Art
The term Number Portability (NP) is utilized in connection with several types of subscπber service changes in which a subscπber may keep his original telephone number For example, NP may refer to location portability which involves the capability to physically move (port) a subscπber's line connection from one switch to another while retaining the subscπber's oπginal telephone number NP may also refer to service provider portability which involves changing a subscπber's service from one service provider to another while retaining the subscriber's original telephone number Or NP may refer to service type portability which involves changing the type of service (for example from POTS to ISDN) while retaining the subscπber's oπginal telephone number The present invention relates to service provider portability, but is applicable to location portability as well FIG 1 is a simplified block diagram of an existing NP network configuration All information about ported numbers is loaded from a central database system consisting of several Number Portability Administration Centers (NPACs) 1 1 distπbuted throughout the country In each area, the NP data is downloaded from the NPAC 1 1 to a Local Service Management System (LSMS) 12 in order to populate network elements 13-15 deployed in the NP network with the ported subscπber data The network elements 13-15 may compπse service
control points (SCPs) and/or service transfer points (STPs) Each service provider may implement its own LSMS, and each LSMS is notified by the NPAC which numbers are ported In this way, callers in different networks continue to dial the subscriber's oπgmal number, and each network is aware of the fact that the dialed number has been ported, and routes the call accordingly
Each portable number is identified by its Numbeπng Plan Area Office Code (NPA-NXX), where the NPA relates to the area code, and the NXX relates to the exchange code For example, in the telephone number 214-997-1234, the NPA is
The ported subscπber data downloaded from the NPAC 1 1 and LSMS 12 for a single subscπber is grouped into a single record called an NP subscπption The information contained withm the NP subscription is the routing data necessary to route a call to the subscπber's new location or new service provider's switch The information is categoπzed as Location Routing Number (LRN) data and Global Title Translation (GTT) data GTT data is necessary for the routing of services such as Line Information Database service (LLDB), Custom Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS), Caller ID With Name (CNAM), and Interswitch Voice Messaging (ISVM) Upon reception of this information from the NPAC 1 1 , the LSMS 12 populates the LRN and GTT functions deployed in the network elements 13-15 with the relevant data elements
NP has been implemented in wireline telecommunications networks, and FIG 2 is an illustrative drawing illustrating the steps involved when retrieving a Location Routing Number (LRN) in an existing wireline telecommunications network having NP service provisioning At 21 , a calling subscπber dials the telephone number of a called subscπber 26, for example 214-997-1234 The call is routed to an originating switch 22 There are mechanisms set up withm the originating switch to recognize that the NPA-NXX (214-997) has been made open for portability Therefore, a lookup is performed in the NP database 23 of a SCP associated with the oπginatmg switch to retπeve a LRN corresponding to the dialed telephone number If the NP database indicates that the dialed number is not ported, then the dialed number (or an empty response) is returned to the oπginating
switch If the dialed number has been ported, the LRN of a recipient destination switch 25 is returned The oπginating switch then routes the call on the LRN at 24 to the destination switch 25 which handles the NXX in the retπeved number (e g , 881 ) The dialed telephone number is also earned in signaling, for example in the Generic Address Parameter (GAP) of ISUP common channel signaling The destination switch replaces the LRN with the dialed telephone number since the called subscπber 26 is still using the dialed telephone number The call completely bypasses the 997 NXX switch 27
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has directed that NP be implemented in wireless radio telecommunications networks as well Additional complexities are encountered in wireless networks due to the mobility of the subscribers In wireless ANSI-41 networks today, a subscπber's Mobile Directory Number (MDN) and his mobile station's Mobile Identification Number (MIN) are generally identical Several wireless features are built on the assumption of MLN- MDN equivalence After the introduction of NP in wireless networks, a subscπber can keep his directory number as he changes from one service provider to another However, when porting to an ANSI-41 network, the subscπber' mobile station is assigned a MIN that is generally different from his MDN MTNs are not portable in ANSI-41 networks, and each MIN seπes is tied to a particular home location register (HLR) Hence, features that assume MLN-MDN equivalence are impacted
In particular, the implementation of NP impacts features such as functionality for roamer port calls delivered locally or after a location query to an HLR Many operators support at least one roamer port in their networks Roamer port numbers utilize two-stage dialing procedures to enable subscπbers operating in the same local network to call each other without mcumng long distance charges even though they are from different home networks For example, if a subscriber from Montreal travels to Dallas and registers there, a calling party in Dallas can utilize the roamer port in Dallas to call the Montreal subscπber without lncurπng long distance charges The calling party may be a mobile subscπber or someone calling from the PSTN The roamer port belongs to the MSC of the Dallas service provider, with whom the Montreal subscπber's service provider has an agreement
The Dallas calling party dials the roamer port number for the roamer port mobile switching center (MSC) which is a local number. He then gets a second dial tone, and "over-dials" the Montreal subscriber's MDN. The roamer port number is defined in the Dallas MSC in which the Montreal subscriber is operating, and may serve the entire service area of the Dallas MSC or some sub-area thereof. The roamer port number tells the Dallas MSC to page for the roaming mobile subscriber in the roamer port service area. In this manner, the Dallas calling party is able to call the Montreal subscriber who is roaming in the Dallas network without using long distance trunks or incurring long distance charges. Paging in wireless networks is performed utilizing the MIN of the mobile station rather than the subscriber's dialed MDN. Before the implementation of NP, the MDN and MIN were equivalent, so the MSC owning the roamer port could page the called mobile station using the dialed MDN. With NP, however, the MDN and MIN become distinct and separate numbers if a number is ported, and the MSC that has the roamer port must translate the over-dialed MDN to a MIN in order to page the subscriber and deliver the call.
Additional complexity is added by the fact that in metropolitan areas, a single roamer port can be shared by several MSCs. In this case, the current functionality is such that the MSC having the roamer port first checks in its own records to see if the MLN (equivalent to the dialed MDN) is being served. If so, the called mobile station is paged with the MLN, and the call is connected. If the MLN is not being served, the MSC sends a Location Request (LOCREQ) message to the called subscriber's HLR to find the subscriber's location. If the called subscriber is in one of the neighbor MSCs that is sharing the roamer port, a trunk is set up and the call is completed; if the called subscriber is not in the local area, the call is not completed.
To route the LOCREQ message to the proper HLR, the MSC consults its internal data structures to determine, based on the dialed MDN, which HLR to query. These internal data structures are manually-maintained lists of MDN-MLN or MDN-HLR associations. This method is feasible today because, in general, the
MDN and MIN are identical. After the implementation of NP, however,
maintaining these tables becomes unrealistic, since every MSC would have to update a MIN-MDN association for every subscπber every time a subscriber ports somewhere in the network
There are no known prior art teachings of a solution to the aforementioned deficiency and shortcoming such as that disclosed herein It would be advantageous to have a method of supporting functionality for roamer port calls in a radio telecommunications network in which Number Portability (NP) is implemented The present invention provides such a method
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the present invention is a method of supporting functionality for roamer port calls delivered locally or after a location query to a Home Location Register (HLR) in a radio telecommunications network in which Number Portability (NP) is implemented The network includes a plurality of mobile switching centers (MSCs) The method includes the steps of stoπng in each MSC, based on information received m the registration process, an association between a mobile identification number (MLN) and a mobile directory number (MDN) for each served mobile station (a MIN-MDN pair) When a roamer port call, which includes the MDN of the called mobile station, is received in a roamer port MSC, the roamer port MSC identifies the MLN of the called mobile station Using the
MIN, the roamer port MSC may page the mobile station in an attempt to deliver the call, or may instead utilize the MIN to identify the home location register (HLR) of the called mobile station The method may then utilize the identified MIN to route a location request message to the identified HLR for call delivery or to invoke any active call-diversion type services
In another aspect, the present invention is a method of supporting functionality for roamer port calls delivered locally or after a location query to a HLR m a radio telecommunications network in which Number Portability (NP) is implemented The network includes a roamer port MSC having a roamer port which is shared with at least one neighboπng MSC Each MSC stores a MIN-
MDN pair for each served mobile station When a roamer port call, which includes
the MDN of the called mobile station, is received in the roamer port MSC, the roamer port MSC determines whether it has stored a MIN-MDN pair for the called mobile station If not, the roamer port MSC sends a message to the neighboπng MSC inquiπng whether the neighboπng MSC has stored a MIN-MDN pair for the called mobile station If so, the neighboπng MSC may send the MLN, an indication of a trunk resource, or both to the roamer port MSC If only a MIN is sent, the roamer port MSC then identifies the HLR of the called mobile station utilizing the identified MIN and issues a location query to the identified HLR to progress the call If only an indication of a trunk resource is sent, the roamer port MSC may trunk the call to the neighboπng MSC which then may either page the called mobile station directly or issue a location query to the HLR If both a MIN and a trunk resource indication are sent, then internal procedures in the roamer port MSC determine which action to take
In yet another aspect, the present invention is a method of supporting functionality for roamer port calls delivered locally or after a location query to a
HLR in a radio telecommunications network in which NP is implemented The network includes a roamer port MSC having a roamer port which is shared with at least one neighboπng MSC Withm a number portability database (NPDB), a location routing number (LRN) is associated with each distinct MSC/HLR pair in the network When a roamer port call, which includes the MDN of the called mobile station, is received in the roamer port MSC, the roamer port MSC determines whether the MDN for the called mobile station falls within a portable range If so, a request is sent from the roamer port MSC to the NPDB to retπeve a LRN for the called mobile station, the request including the MDN for the called mobile station From the LRN, a HLR associated with the mobile station is identified The roamer port MSC then sends a location request to the identified HLR using the LRN as a global title address or using a LRN-HLR association table to route the location query The HLR returns a routing number for the called mobile station This is followed by determining whether the called mobile station is located in a location to which call delivery is allowed by the roamer port MSC
In another aspect, the NPDB is modified to associate with the dialed MDN,
a HLR pointer for the HLR where a subscriber record is maintained for the called mobile station. When a roamer port call is received in the roamer port MSC, and the MDN for the called mobile station falls within a portable range, the roamer port MSC retrieves the HLR pointer from the NPDB. This is followed by sending a location request from the roamer port MSC to the identified HLR, sending a routing number for the called mobile station from the HLR to the roamer port MSC, determining whether the called mobile station is located in a location to which call delivery is allowed by the roamer port MSC, and routing the call upon determining that the called mobile station is located in a location to which call delivery is allowed by the roamer port MSC. Alternatively, the NPDB may be modified to directly associate a MLN with the dialed MDN, and the MLN may be returned to the roamer port MSC from the NPDB so that the MSC can use the MIN to determine which HLR to query for location information.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood and its numerous objects and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following drawings, in conjunction with the accompanying specification, in which:
FIG. 1 (Prior Art) is a simplified block diagram of an existing NP network configuration;
FIG. 2 (Prior Art) is an illustrative drawing illustrating the steps involved when retrieving a Location Routing Number (LRN) in an existing telecommunications network having NP service provisioning;
FIG. 3 is a message flow diagram illustrating the flow of messages when defining a MIN-MDN pair in a MSC following registration of a mobile station;
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of a radio telecommunications network suitable for use with the present invention illustrating basic call delivery to a number that has been ported to a wireless service provider;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of identifying a home location register (HLR) for a called mobile station when a roamer port call is received in a
MSC, and NP has been implemented;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method of identifying a HLR for a called mobile station when a roamer port call is received in a MSC, NP has been implemented, and the MDN for the called mobile station has been ported; and
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an alternative method of identifying a HLR for a called mobile station when a roamer port call is received in a MSC, NP has been implemented, and the MDN for the called mobile station has been ported.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is a method of supporting calls to mobile subscribers from roamer ports after the introduction of Number Portability (NP), when the mobile station's MIN and the subscriber's MDN are different, and in particular, when a roamer port is shared by several switches in a metropolitan area.
FIG. 3 is a message flow diagram illustrating the flow of messages when defining a MLN-MDN pair in a MSC following registration of a mobile station. When a mobile station registration 31 is received in a visited MSC/VLR 32, a
Registration Notification (REGNOT) Invoke message 33 is sent to the HLR 34 with addressing based on the MIN received from the mobile station over the radio interface. The REGNOT Return Result message 35 returns the parameters that comprise the subscriber's profile including the MDN if the MDN is different from the MLN. At 36, the MSC/VLR then keeps a record of this MLN-MDN pair in its internal data structure.
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of a radio telecommunications network 70 suitable for use with the present invention illustrating basic call delivery to a number that has been ported to a wireless service provider. In this example, the called subscriber has severed the connection with a first service provider and a first
MSC (the donor MSC) 71, and has moved to a second MSC (the recipient MSC) 72 with the same phone number (MDN). Each MSC is the home for a number series. The donor MSC 71 is the geographic home of the number series 514-351 - XXXX, and the recipient MSC 72 is the home of the number series 514-865- XXXX.
The subscriber is moving to the recipient MSC with the phone number 514-
351-9019 Each MSC in the network is paired with one or more HLRs Within the number portability database (NPDB) 73, an LRN is then assigned to each MSC/HLR pair Withm each MSC, one number from the MSCs number seπes is reserved as the LRN The LRN is a geographically significant number in that seπes which is used to point to the associated MSC and its paired HLR For example, the donor MSC 71 (home of the 514-351 -XXXX number seπes) may utilize 514-351 - 1 1 1 1 as its LRN, and the recipient MSC 72 (home of the 514-865-XXXX number seπes) may utilize 514-865-8655 as its LRN If the recipient MSC was also associated with a second HLR, then another number from the 514-865 XXXX number series would be utilized as the LRN for that MSC/HLR pair
When an incoming call 74 is received m the calling MSC 75, the call includes the called subscπber's MDN (514-351-9019) The calling MSC 75 is programmed to recognize that any dialed MDNs which fall in a defined portable range (e g , 514-351 -XXXX) require a query to the NPDB Therefore, the calling MSC sends a Number Portability Request (NPREQ) Invoke message 76 to the
NPDB 73 requesting a LRN The NPDB associates the MDN of the called subscriber and the LRN of the MSC to which the called subscπber is ported Thus, since the subscπber has ported to the recipient MSC 72, the LRN 514-865-8655 is returned in the NPREQ Return Result message 77 When the LRN is returned, the calling MSC 75 sends an Initial Address Message (IAM) 78 addressed to the LRN of the recipient MSC 72 The IAM includes the LRN, the called subscπber's MDN, and an indication that the query to the NPDB has been performed so that any intervening switches do not repeat the query The recipient MSC analyzes the IAM and recognizes that the called number is its own LRN This tπggers the recipient MSC to search for another routing number in the IAM It finds the MDN (514-
351-9019), and routes the call to the called subscπber 79 Since the recipient switch is a MSC, and the called subscriber is a mobile station, the recipient MSC sends the MDN to the paired HLR 81 in a LOCREQ Invoke message 82 to retπeve a routing number for the mobile station The routing number is then returned to the recipient MSC in a LOCREQ Return Result message 83 The recipient MSC then routes the call to the mobile station 79
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method of identifying a home location register (HLR) for a called mobile station when a roamer port call is received in a MSC/VLR (referred to as merely "MSC" hereinafter), and NP has been implemented. When NP is implemented, it is more difficult for a MSC to send a location request to the HLR following receipt of a roamer port call. If the dialed
MDN ends in 0001, for example, it may be served by a first service provider in HLR-1 , while a MDN ending in 0002 may be in a competitor's HLR. Thus, using the MDN to find the HLR presents problems. The network either has to use 10- digit GTT, which means that every MSC or STP must update a MDN-HLR or MDN-MIN association for every subscriber every time a subscriber ports somewhere in the network, or other methods must be utilized.
At step 41, a call which includes the MDN of the called subscriber is received at a roamer port. At 42, the MSC owning the roamer port checks its internal data structures to determine if it has a MDN-MIN association for this called subscriber. If it does, the MSC attempts to deliver the call at 43 using the
MIN, or it can elect to send a LOCREQ message to the HLR in order to invoke any call-diversion type services that may be active in the HLR. The MSC uses the MLN to route the location request to the proper HLR.
If it is determined at 42 that the MSC owning the roamer port does not have a MDN-MIN association for the called subscriber, it cannot translate the dialed
MDN to a MIN for paging purposes. In this case, the method moves to step 44 where the MSC sends a Roamer Port Call Request (RPCR) message to the neighboring MSCs that share the roamer port. The parameters of this message include the over-dialed MDN. The RPCR message is received by the other MSCs which in turn check their internal data structures at 45 to determine whether they have a MDN-MIN association available. If not, the call is rejected at step 46. However, if one of the MSCs has a MDN-MIN association available, the method moves to step 47 where the MSC with the MDN-MIN pair responds to the roamer port MSC with a response indicating a MIN, a trunk resource to be seized (such as a TLDN), or both. If only a MIN is sent, the method moves to step 48a where the roamer port MSC uses the MIN to send a location query such as a LOCREQ to the
HLR for call delivery or to invoke any active call-diversion type services If only a TLDN is sent, the method moves to step 48b where the roamer port MSC trunks the call to the MSC having a record for this subscπber (the serving MSC) The serving MSC may either page the mobile station in an attempt to deliver the call, or if desired, the serving MSC may use the looked-up MIN to route a location request to the HLR for call delivery or to invoke call-diversion type services, if appropriate If both a MIN and a TLDN are sent, the method moves to step 48c where the roamer port MSC uses internal procedures to determine whether to send a LOCREQ to the HLR, or to trunk the call to the serving MSC Alternatively, instead of routing the call to the serving MSC, the roamer port MSC may query the neighboπng MSCs merely to obtain the MIN from them Once the MIN is received, the location request can be sent directly from the roamer port MSC to the HLR, and call delivery can continue normally This avoids inefficient mter-switch routing when the location request reveals, for example, that a call-diversion service is active
If call-diversion type services are active, they take precedence over dehveπng the call from the roamer port For example, if the called subscπber forwarded his calls to voice mail, querying the HLR with a location request would ensure that all calls, including those from a roamer port, are sent to voice mail provided the roamer port MSC allows the call to be routed to the voice mail destination
Instead of merely requesting routing information, the RPCR message from the MSC owning the roamer port may also request the neighbonng MSCs to page the called mobile station Alternatively, the ANSI-41 Intersystem Page message may be utilized for this purpose This increases the likelihood of successful call delivery if the subscπber has moved to another MSC since his last registration
In the preferred embodiment, each MSC in the network is paired with one or more HLRs If one MSC communicates with multiple HLRs, a distinct LRN is defined for each MSC/HLR pair Table 1 below provides an illustrative example of a database table that associates each distinct MSC/HLR pair with a unique LRN
Thus, each distinct MSC/HLR pair is associated with a specific and distinct LRN,
even if a single MSC accesses more than one HLR, or a single HLR serves more than one MSC.
Table 1 FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method of identifying a HLR for a called mobile station when a roamer port call is received in a MSC, NP has been implemented, and the MDN for the called mobile station has been ported. When a call comes into the roamer port at 51, it includes the MDN of the called subscriber. The MSC owning the roamer port performs a query to the number portability database with the MDN at 52. The number portability database returns a location routing number (LRN) at 53. LRNs are assigned to switches that handle trunks (for example, MSCs), therefore HLRs do not have LRNs assigned. However, in the present invention, the LRN which is retrieved from the number portability database points to a distinct MSC/HLR pair. The MSC in the pair is the MSC to which the called MDN has been ported, and the HLR in the pair is the HLR containing the mobile station MIN and subscriber information for the called mobile station. Thus, even though the LRN belongs to the MSC from a routing perspective, the LRN can be analyzed to determine the correct HLR.
At step 54, the MSC owning the roamer port sends a LOCREQ message to the HLR requesting the location of the called mobile station. At 55, the HLR returns a routing number for the called mobile station. At 56, it is determined whether the called mobile station is located in a neighboring MSC to which the roamer port MSC allows routing of calls. If the mobile station is not in an allowed location, the call is rejected at 57. If the called mobile station is in a location
allowed by the roamer port MSC, the call is connected locally at 58
This approach is preferred due to the fact that current NP standards may not allow additional data fields in the number portability database An alternative method is shown in FIG 7 In this method, the number portability database is modified at step 61 to include either a HLR pointer or the MLN associated with each MDN In this way, when a call comes into the roamer port at 62, the MSC uses the MDN to perform a query at 63 to the number portability database The number portability database returns either a HLR pointer or the MIN associated with the MDN With the MIN, the HLR can be identified since a MIN seπes still points to a particular HLR, although a MDN seπes does not Thus, the MSC identifies the HLR and sends a LOCREQ message to the identified HLR at 65 At 66, the HLR returns the location of the called mobile station At 67, it is determined whether the called mobile station is located in a neighboπng MSC to which the roamer port MSC allows routing of calls If the mobile station is not in an allowed location, the call is rejected at 68 If the called mobile station is in a location allowed by the roamer port MSC, the call is connected locally at 69
It is thus believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing descπption While the method shown and descπbed has been characteπzed as being preferred, it will be readily apparent that vaπous changes and modifications could be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims