WO2000077541A1 - Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system - Google Patents

Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000077541A1
WO2000077541A1 PCT/EP2000/004028 EP0004028W WO0077541A1 WO 2000077541 A1 WO2000077541 A1 WO 2000077541A1 EP 0004028 W EP0004028 W EP 0004028W WO 0077541 A1 WO0077541 A1 WO 0077541A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
distance
devices
duration
received
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/004028
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Reinhold Berberich
Christopher Sievers
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to KR1020017015965A priority Critical patent/KR20020020732A/en
Priority to JP2001503545A priority patent/JP2003502645A/en
Priority to EP00927142A priority patent/EP1185879A1/en
Priority to BR0011651-3A priority patent/BR0011651A/en
Publication of WO2000077541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000077541A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
    • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G01S11/06—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using intensity measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B85/00—Details of vehicle locks not provided for in groups E05B77/00 - E05B83/00
    • E05B85/01—Mechanical arrangements specially adapted for hands-free locking or unlocking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
    • G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system.
  • electronic identification and access systems which have a transmitter and a receiver for electromagnetic signals and which can be operated with a radio key which, at the push of a button, is prompted by a signal emitted by the transmitter or automatically sends out electromagnetic signals that identify or give access to the owner.
  • a control unit sends requesting signals continuously or by touching, for example a door handle of a door that is still locked, which, when received by a suitable radio key, stimulate the latter to transmit its signal.
  • the control device then automatically enables access, for example to the door in question.
  • radio keys cannot be precisely controlled due to reflections and the like, so that if a remote radio key is accidentally stimulated, the identification system may react inappropriately by bringing the key signal from a distance.
  • an electromagnetic signal is emitted by a first of the devices, which is formed by an oscillation train with a predetermined amplitude profile and a predetermined duration, the amplitude of which continuously decreases at the end of the oscillation train, that the signal is received that the duration of the a portion of the received signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value is measured and that the distance between the devices is determined from this measured duration.
  • a first embodiment of the invention provides that the signal is received by the second of the devices and the distance is determined there.
  • the signal is received by the second of the devices and sent back to the first device and that the returned signal is received by the first device and the distance is determined there or that the signal from the second of the devices is received, that the duration of the portion of the received signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value is measured there and that the value of the measured duration is sent back to the first device.
  • the signal is only reflected to double the total distance to the transmitter.
  • the evaluating electronics can also be accommodated in the first device, so that the second device can be constructed in a very compact manner.
  • the distance can be determined in the sending device. The duration of the signal received by the second device is only measured there and sent back as a numerical value.
  • the amplitude of the transmitted signal is essentially constant from an initial settling range of the oscillation train up to the beginning of its continuously decreasing end range.
  • a vibration train running according to the invention is achieved in a further embodiment of the invention in that a resonance circuit of the first device for generating the signal to be transmitted is supplied with a square-wave signal such that the amplitude of the transmitted signal steadily decays towards the end of the amplitude curve due to the resonance circuit reverberating.
  • the one formed for the transmission of such signals from the transmitting antenna and a capacitor The resonant circuit should have a high quality and thus a noticeable post-oscillation duration.
  • the distance is determined from the difference between the duration of the transmitted signal and the measured duration by comparison with a calibration characteristic of the signal duration over the distance.
  • a first application for the method according to the invention arises if one of the two devices is an access device and the other device is a suitable radio key, and specifically if the unlocking device is an unlocking device of a motor vehicle.
  • An access mechanism can thus be designed, for example, in such a way that unlocking of the motor vehicle is prevented if the radio key is outside a predetermined radius around the motor vehicle.
  • the distance is determined at least twice in succession at a predetermined time interval and the difference between the results is related to the time interval. In this way, a relative movement of the two devices to one another can be determined.
  • Fig. 4 shows a received signal at a small distance between the transmitter and receiver
  • Fig. 5 shows a received signal at a great distance between the transmitter and receiver.
  • Fig. 1 shows two devices 1 and 2, each having a transmitter 3, 4 and a receiver 5, 6 for electromagnetic signals 7 and 8.
  • the frequency of the signals 7 and 8 differs.
  • the signal 7 has a frequency of 125 kHz, while the signal 8 is in the range of a few MHz or more.
  • the transmitter 3 of the low-frequency transmission path sends a vibration train of known duration. By designing the transmitter 3, a decaying reverberation of the oscillation train of the signal is achieved.
  • the receiver 5 Via a defined input threshold, the receiver 5 receives a signal which, depending on its distance from the transmitter 3, is weakened compared to the transmitted signal 7.
  • the second device 2 measures the duration of the one input part of the received attenuated signal exceeding the threshold and sends the measured value back in numerical form as signal 8 to the first device.
  • the first device 1 evaluates the measured value and uses a predetermined calibration characteristic to determine the approximate distance to the second device 2.
  • a control unit 21 located in the motor vehicle transmits the low-frequency signal 7 (not shown here) via an antenna 22.
  • a radio key 23 located in the vicinity and suitable for the motor vehicle receives the signal 7 via an antenna 24 and measures its duration with the aid of a connected measuring device 25. The measured value is then sent back to the control unit 21, as shown in FIG. 1, where the distance d is determined becomes.
  • the distance d can be estimated with a reasonable accuracy within a radius of a few meters.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the signals 31' received by the second device with a small distance d between devices 1 and 2.
  • the signal 31 The maximum amplitude An is converted into a square-wave signal of length tn via an amplitude threshold 41. If the devices 1 and 2 are further apart, the maximum amplitude Af of the signal 31 "arriving at the second device is reduced. After conversion via the amplitude threshold 41, a square wave signal 43 is formed, the length of which ge tf is less than that tn of the first square-wave signal 42. With the measured length tn, tf of the signal 31 ', 31 "received by the second device 2, the distance d can be estimated by comparing a calibration characteristic.

Abstract

In a method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system, a first device sends an electromagnetic signal that is formed by an oscillation stroke with a predetermined amplitude progression and duration, whose amplitude constantly decreases towards the end of the oscillation stroke. The signal is received and the duration of the part of the received signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value is measured. The distance between the devices is determined on the basis of said measured duration.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Entfernung zwischen zwei Einrichtungen eines IdentifikationssystemsMethod for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Entfernung zwischen zwei Einrichtungen eines Identifikationssystems.The invention relates to a method for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system.
In zunehmendem Maße kommen, beispielsweise zur Entriegelung von Kraftfahrzeugen, elektronische Identifikations- und Zugangssysteme zum Einsatz, die über einen Sender und einen Empfänger für elektromagnetische Signale verfügen und die mit einem Funkschlüssel bedienbar sind, welcher auf Knopfdruck, nach Aufforderung durch ein vom Sender ausgesendetes Signal oder automatisch elektromagnetische Signale aussendet, welche den Besitzer identifizieren oder ihm Zugang verschaffen.Increasingly, for example for unlocking motor vehicles, electronic identification and access systems are being used which have a transmitter and a receiver for electromagnetic signals and which can be operated with a radio key which, at the push of a button, is prompted by a signal emitted by the transmitter or automatically sends out electromagnetic signals that identify or give access to the owner.
Bei fortschrittlichen Systemen sendet ein Steuergerät ständig oder durch Antasten, beispielsweise eines Türgriffes einer noch verschlossenen Tür, auffordernde Signale, die, wenn sie von einem passenden Funkschlüssel empfangen werden, diesen zur Aussendung seines Signals anregen. Das Steuergerät gibt daraufhin den Zugang, beispielsweise zu der betreffenden Tür, voltautomatisch frei.In advanced systems, a control unit sends requesting signals continuously or by touching, for example a door handle of a door that is still locked, which, when received by a suitable radio key, stimulate the latter to transmit its signal. The control device then automatically enables access, for example to the door in question.
Die Reichweite derartiger Funkschlüssel ist aufgrund von Reflexionen und dergleichen nicht genau steuerbar, so daß es bei zufälliger Anregung eines entfernten Funkschlüssels zu einer unzulässigen Reaktion des Identifikationssystems durch Herantragen des Schlüsselsignals aus der Entfernung kommen kann.The range of such radio keys cannot be precisely controlled due to reflections and the like, so that if a remote radio key is accidentally stimulated, the identification system may react inappropriately by bringing the key signal from a distance.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das es ermöglicht, die ungefähre Entfernung zwischen den senden- den Einrichtungen eines Identifikationssystems ohne großen technischen Aufwand zu ermitteln.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method which makes it possible to determine the approximate distance between the to identify the facilities of an identification system without much technical effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß von einer ersten der Einrichtungen ein elektromagnetisches Signal ausgesendet wird, welches von einem Schwingungszug mit vorgegebenem Amplitudenverlauf und vorgegebener Dauer gebildet ist, dessen Amplitude zum Ende des Schwingungszugs stetig abnimmt, daß das Signal empfangen wird, daß die Dauer des einen vorgegebenen Amplituden-Schwellwert überschreitenden Teils des empfangenen Signals gemessen wird und daß aus dieser gemessenen Dauer die Entfernung zwischen den Einrichtungen ermittelt wird.This object is achieved in that an electromagnetic signal is emitted by a first of the devices, which is formed by an oscillation train with a predetermined amplitude profile and a predetermined duration, the amplitude of which continuously decreases at the end of the oscillation train, that the signal is received that the duration of the a portion of the received signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value is measured and that the distance between the devices is determined from this measured duration.
Bei der Ausbreitung des gesendeten Signals im Raum verringert sich dessen Schwingungsamplitude mit dem zurückgelegten Weg. Dadurch verkürzt sich gleichzeitig auch die gemessene Signaldauer, da aufgrund des sich zu seinem Ende stetig verringernden Amplitudenverlaufs das Signal mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Sender nach und nach die Meßschwelle unterschreitet. Die gemessene Dauer des noch bei einem Empfänger ankommenden Signals kann damit direkt zur Abschätzung der Entfernung vom Sender benutzt werden.When the transmitted signal propagates in space, its vibration amplitude decreases with the distance covered. This also shortens the measured signal duration, because due to the steadily decreasing amplitude curve towards the end, the signal gradually falls below the measuring threshold with increasing distance from the transmitter. The measured duration of the signal still arriving at a receiver can thus be used directly to estimate the distance from the transmitter.
Es ist damit beispielsweise möglich, bei einem Kraftfahrzeug, welches über ein mit einem Funkschlüssel zu öffnendes elektronisches Schloß verfügt, ein Öffnen der Türen aus der Ferne zu verhindern. Erst wenn der zu dem Schloß passende elektronische Funkschlüssel in die Nähe des Fahrzeugs kommt, kann das Fahrzeug geöffnet werden. Es kann ferner auch erkannt werden, ob sich der Schlüssel innerhalb oder außerhalb des Fahrzeugs befindet oder ob er sich auf das Fahrzeug zu- oder von dem Fahrzeug wegbewegt. Eine erste Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß das Signal von der zweiten der Einrichtungen empfangen und dort die Entfernung ermittelt wird.It is thus possible, for example, to prevent the doors from being opened remotely in a motor vehicle which has an electronic lock that can be opened with a radio key. The vehicle can only be opened when the electronic radio key that matches the lock comes close to the vehicle. It can also be recognized whether the key is inside or outside the vehicle or whether it is moving towards or away from the vehicle. A first embodiment of the invention provides that the signal is received by the second of the devices and the distance is determined there.
Ferner ist bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß das Signal von der zweiten der Einrichtungen empfangen und zu der ersten Einrichtung zurückgesendet wird und daß das zurückgesendete Signal von der ersten Einrichtung empfangen wird und dort die Entfernung ermittelt wird oder daß das Signal von der zweiten der Einrichtungen empfangen wird, daß dort die Dauer des einen vorgegebenen Amplituden- Schwellwert überschreitenden Teils des empfangenen Signals gemessen wird und daß der Wert der gemessenen Dauer an die erste Einrichtung zurückgesendet wird. Im ersten Fall wird das Signal lediglich zur Verdoppelung der insgesamt zurückgelegten Entfernung zum Sender zurückgespiegelt. Dadurch kann auch die auswertende Elektronik in der ersten Einrichtung untergebracht werden, so daß die zweite Einrichtung sehr kompakt konstruiert werden kann. Auch im zweiten Fall kann die Ermittlung der Entfernung in der sendenden Einrichtung vorgenommen werden. Die Dauer des von der zweiten Einrichtung empfangenen Signals wird dort lediglich gemessen und als numerischer Wert zurückgesendet.It is further provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the signal is received by the second of the devices and sent back to the first device and that the returned signal is received by the first device and the distance is determined there or that the signal from the second of the devices is received, that the duration of the portion of the received signal exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value is measured there and that the value of the measured duration is sent back to the first device. In the first case, the signal is only reflected to double the total distance to the transmitter. As a result, the evaluating electronics can also be accommodated in the first device, so that the second device can be constructed in a very compact manner. In the second case too, the distance can be determined in the sending device. The duration of the signal received by the second device is only measured there and sent back as a numerical value.
Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Amplitude des gesendeten Signals ab einem anfänglichen Einschwingbereich des Schwingungszugs bis zu Beginn dessen stetig abfallenden Endbereichs im wesentlichen konstant ist.It is advantageous if the amplitude of the transmitted signal is essentially constant from an initial settling range of the oscillation train up to the beginning of its continuously decreasing end range.
Ein erfindungsgemäß verlaufender Schwingungszug wird bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß einem Resonanzkreis der ersten Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des auszusendenden Signals ein Rechtecksignal derart zugeführt wird, daß die Amplitude des ausgesendeten Signals durch Nachschwingen des Resonanzkreises gegen Ende des Amplitudenverlaufs stetig abklingt. Der zur Übertragung derartiger Signale von der Sendeantenne und einem Kondensator gebildete Schwingkreis soll eine hohe Güte und damit eine merkliche Nachschwingdauer aufweisen.A vibration train running according to the invention is achieved in a further embodiment of the invention in that a resonance circuit of the first device for generating the signal to be transmitted is supplied with a square-wave signal such that the amplitude of the transmitted signal steadily decays towards the end of the amplitude curve due to the resonance circuit reverberating. The one formed for the transmission of such signals from the transmitting antenna and a capacitor The resonant circuit should have a high quality and thus a noticeable post-oscillation duration.
Zur Ermittlung der Entfernung zwischen den Einrichtungen kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Entfernung aus der Differenz der Dauer des gesendeten Signals zur gemessenen Dauer durch Vergleich mit einer Eichcharakteristik der Signaldauer über der Entfernung ermittelt wird.To determine the distance between the devices, it can be provided that the distance is determined from the difference between the duration of the transmitted signal and the measured duration by comparison with a calibration characteristic of the signal duration over the distance.
Ein erster Anwendungsfall für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ergibt sich, wenn eine der beiden Einrichtungen eine Zugangseinrichtung und die andere Einrichtung ein dazu passender Funkschlüssel ist und konkret, wenn die Entriegelungseinrichtung eine Entriegelungseinrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist.A first application for the method according to the invention arises if one of the two devices is an access device and the other device is a suitable radio key, and specifically if the unlocking device is an unlocking device of a motor vehicle.
Damit kann ein Zugangsmechanismus beispielsweise derart gestaltet werden, daß ein Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs verhindert wird, wenn sich der Funkschlüssel außerhalb eines vorgegebenen Radius um das Kraftfahrzeug befindet.An access mechanism can thus be designed, for example, in such a way that unlocking of the motor vehicle is prevented if the radio key is outside a predetermined radius around the motor vehicle.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, daß zur Ermittlung der Änderung der Entfernung zwischen den Einrichtungen die Entfernung in vorgegebenem Zeitabstand wenigstens zweimal nacheinander ermittelt und die Differenz der Ergebnisse zu dem Zeitabstand in Relation gesetzt wird. Auf diese Weise kann eine Relativbewegung der beiden Einrichtungen zueinander festgestellt werden.Furthermore, it can be provided that in order to determine the change in the distance between the devices, the distance is determined at least twice in succession at a predetermined time interval and the difference between the results is related to the time interval. In this way, a relative movement of the two devices to one another can be determined.
Damit läßt sich ferner bewirken, daß ein Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs verhindert wird, wenn sich der Funkschlüssel vom Kraftfahrzeug weg bewegt. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung anhand mehrerer Figuren dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:This can also have the effect that unlocking of the motor vehicle is prevented when the radio key moves away from the motor vehicle. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing using several figures and are explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:
Fig. 1 zwei Einrichtungen zur Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,1 two devices for applying the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2 Funkschlüssel und Steuergerät eines Zugangssystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug,2 radio key and control unit of an access system for a motor vehicle,
Fig. 3 ein zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignetes Signal,3 shows a signal suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention,
Fig. 4 ein empfangenes Signal bei kleiner Entfernung zwischen Sender und Empfänger undFig. 4 shows a received signal at a small distance between the transmitter and receiver
Fig. 5 ein empfangenes Signal bei großer Entfernung zwischen Sender und Empfänger.Fig. 5 shows a received signal at a great distance between the transmitter and receiver.
Gleiche Teile sind in den Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
Fig. 1 zeigt zwei Einrichtungen 1 und 2, die jeweils über einen Sender 3, 4 und einen Empfänger 5, 6 für elektromagnetische Signale 7 und 8 verfügen. Im Beispiel unterscheidet sich die Frequenz der Signale 7 und 8. Das Signal 7 weist eine Frequenz von 125 kHz auf, während sich das Signal 8 im Bereich von einigen MHz oder mehr befindet. Der Sender 3 der niederfrequenten Sendestrecke sendet einen Schwingungszug bekannter Dauer. Durch Auslegung des Senders 3 wird ein abklingendes Nachschwingen des Schwingungszuges des Signals erreicht. Der Empfänger 5 empfängt über eine definierte Eingangsschwelle ein Signal, das je nach seiner Entfernung vom Sender 3 dem gesendeten Signal 7 gegenüber abgeschwächt ist. Die zweite Einrichtung 2 mißt die Dauer des eine Eingangs- schwelle überschreitenden Teils des empfangenen abgeschwächten Signals und sendet den Meßwert in numerischer Form als Signal 8 an die erste Einrichtung zurück. Die erste Einrichtung 1 wertet den Meßwert aus und ermittelt anhand einer vorgegebenen Eichcharakteristik die ungefähre Entfernung zu der zweiten Einrichtung 2.Fig. 1 shows two devices 1 and 2, each having a transmitter 3, 4 and a receiver 5, 6 for electromagnetic signals 7 and 8. In the example, the frequency of the signals 7 and 8 differs. The signal 7 has a frequency of 125 kHz, while the signal 8 is in the range of a few MHz or more. The transmitter 3 of the low-frequency transmission path sends a vibration train of known duration. By designing the transmitter 3, a decaying reverberation of the oscillation train of the signal is achieved. Via a defined input threshold, the receiver 5 receives a signal which, depending on its distance from the transmitter 3, is weakened compared to the transmitted signal 7. The second device 2 measures the duration of the one input part of the received attenuated signal exceeding the threshold and sends the measured value back in numerical form as signal 8 to the first device. The first device 1 evaluates the measured value and uses a predetermined calibration characteristic to determine the approximate distance to the second device 2.
In Fig. 2 sind die zur konkreten Anwendung des Verfahrens für ein Zugangssystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs notwendigen Einrichtungen gezeigt. Ein im Kraftfahrzeug befindliches Steuergerät 21 sendet über eine Antenne 22 das hier nicht dargestellte niederfrequente Signal 7 aus. Ein im näheren Umkreis befindlicher, zum Kraftfahrzeug passender Funkschlüssel 23 empfängt das Signal 7 über eine Antenne 24 und mißt dessen Dauer mit Hilfe einer angeschlossenen Meßeinrichtung 25. Der Meßwert wird dann entsprechend Fig. 1 wieder an das Steuergerät 21 zurückgesendet, wo die Entfernung d bestimmt wird. Innerhalb eines Radius von einigen Metern kann die Entfernung d mit brauchbarer Genauigkeit abgeschätzt werden.2 shows the devices necessary for the concrete application of the method for an access system of a motor vehicle. A control unit 21 located in the motor vehicle transmits the low-frequency signal 7 (not shown here) via an antenna 22. A radio key 23 located in the vicinity and suitable for the motor vehicle receives the signal 7 via an antenna 24 and measures its duration with the aid of a connected measuring device 25. The measured value is then sent back to the control unit 21, as shown in FIG. 1, where the distance d is determined becomes. The distance d can be estimated with a reasonable accuracy within a radius of a few meters.
Fig. 3 zeigt den Schwingungsverlauf eines Signals 31 , wie es von der ersten Einrichtung 1 ausgesendet wird. Nach dem Einschwingen des Senders 3 bei 32 schwingt das Signal 31 bei 33 mit konstanter Amplitude, bis es bei 34 durch Nachschwingen des Senders 3 abklingt.3 shows the waveform of a signal 31 as it is emitted by the first device 1. After the transmitter 3 has settled at 32, the signal 31 oscillates at 33 with a constant amplitude until it subsides at 34 due to the transmitter 3 oscillating.
Die Signale sind in den Figuren 4 und 5 zur Vereinfachung als Hüllkurven der jeweiligen Schwingungszüge 31' und 31" dargestellt. Fig. 4 zeigt das von der zweiten Einrichtung empfangene Signal 31' bei geringem Abstand d zwischen den Einrichtungen 1 und 2. Das Signal 31' der maximalen Amplitude An wird über eine Amplituden-Schwelle 41 in ein Rechtecksignal der Länge tn gewandelt. Sind die Einrichtungen 1 und 2 weiter voneinander entfernt, so verringert sich die maximale Amplitude Af des an der zweiten Einrichtung ankommenden Signals 31". Nach Umwandlung über die Amplituden-Schwelle 41 entsteht ein Rechtecksignal 43, dessen Län- ge tf geringer ist, als diejenige tn des ersten Rechtecksignals 42. Mit der gemessenen Länge tn, tf des von der zweiten Einrichtung 2 empfangenen Signals 31', 31" kann durch Vergleich einer Eichcharakteristik die Entfernung d abgeschätzt werden. For simplification, the signals are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 as envelope curves of the respective oscillation trains 31 'and 31 ". FIG. 4 shows the signal 31' received by the second device with a small distance d between devices 1 and 2. The signal 31 The maximum amplitude An is converted into a square-wave signal of length tn via an amplitude threshold 41. If the devices 1 and 2 are further apart, the maximum amplitude Af of the signal 31 "arriving at the second device is reduced. After conversion via the amplitude threshold 41, a square wave signal 43 is formed, the length of which ge tf is less than that tn of the first square-wave signal 42. With the measured length tn, tf of the signal 31 ', 31 "received by the second device 2, the distance d can be estimated by comparing a calibration characteristic.

Claims

PatentansprücheVerfahren zur Bestimmung der Entfernung zwischen zwei Einrichtungen eines Identifikationssystems Method for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system
1. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Entfernung zwischen zwei Einrichtungen eines Identifikationssystems, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1. A method for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system, characterized in that
- daß von einer ersten (1 ) der Einrichtungen (1 , 2) ein elektromagnetisches Signal (7) ausgesendet wird, welches von einem Schwingungszug (31 ) mit vorgegebenem Amplitudenverlauf (32, 33, 34) und vorgegebener Dauer gebildet ist, dessen Amplitude zum Ende (34) des Schwingungszugs stetig abnimmt,- That a first (1) of the devices (1, 2) emits an electromagnetic signal (7), which is formed by an oscillation train (31) with a predetermined amplitude profile (32, 33, 34) and a predetermined duration, the amplitude of which End (34) of the vibration train decreases steadily,
- daß das Signal (3V, 31") empfangen wird,- that the signal (3V, 31 ") is received,
- daß die Dauer (tn, tf) des einen vorgegebenen Amplituden- Schwellwert (41 ) überschreitenden Teils des empfangenen Signals (3 V, 31") gemessen wird und- That the duration (tn, tf) of the portion of the received signal (3 V, 31 ") exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold value (41) is measured and
- daß aus dieser gemessenen Dauer (tn, tf) die Entfernung (d) zwischen den Einrichtungen (1 , 2) ermittelt wird.- That from this measured duration (tn, tf) the distance (d) between the devices (1, 2) is determined.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal von der zweiten der Einrichtungen empfangen und dort die Entfernung ermittelt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal is received by the second of the devices and the distance is determined there.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal von der zweiten der Einrichtungen empfangen und zu der ersten Einrichtung zurückgesendet wird und daß das zurückgesendete Signal von der ersten Einrichtung empfangen wird und dort die Entfernung ermittelt wird. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal is received by the second of the devices and sent back to the first device and that the returned signal is received by the first device and the distance is determined there.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal von der zweiten (2) der Einrichtungen (1 , 2) empfangen wird, daß dort die Dauer (tn, tf) des einen vorgegebenen Amplituden- Schwellwert (41 ) überschreitenden Teils des empfangenen Signals (3V, 31") gemessen wird und daß der Wert der gemessenen Dauer (tn, tf) an die erste Einrichtung (1 ) zurückgesendet wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal from the second (2) of the devices (1, 2) is received, that there the duration (tn, tf) of a predetermined amplitude threshold (41) part of the received signal (3V, 31 ") is measured and that the value of the measured duration (tn, tf) is sent back to the first device (1).
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Amplitude des gesendeten Signals (31 ) ab einem anfänglichen Einschwingbereich (32) des Schwingungszugs bis zu Beginn dessen stetig abfallenden Endbereichs (34) im wesentlichen konstant ist.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amplitude of the transmitted signal (31) from an initial settling range (32) of the vibration train up to the beginning of its continuously falling end region (34) is substantially constant.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einem Resonanzkreis der ersten Einrichtung zur Erzeugung des auszusendenden erfindungsgemäßen Signals ein Rechtecksignal derart zugeführt wird, daß die Amplitude des ausgesendeten Signals durch Nachschwingen des Resonanzkreises gegen Ende des Amplitudenverlaufs stetig abklingt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that a resonance circuit of the first device for generating the signal to be emitted according to the invention, a square wave signal is fed such that the amplitude of the emitted signal steadily decays towards the end of the amplitude curve by reverberation of the resonance circuit.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entfernung (d) aus der Differenz der Dauer des gesendeten Signals (31 ) zur gemessenen Dauer (tn, tf) durch Vergleich mit einer Eichcharakteristik der Signaldauer über der Entfernung ermittelt wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (d) from the difference in the duration of the transmitted signal (31) to the measured duration (tn, tf) is determined by comparison with a calibration characteristic of the signal duration over the distance.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der beiden Einrichtungen eine Zugangseinrichtung und die andere Einrichtung ein dazu passender Funkschlüssel (23) ist. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the two devices is an access device and the other device is a matching radio key (23).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entriegelungseinrichtung eine Entriegelungseinrichtung (21 ) eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the unlocking device is an unlocking device (21) of a motor vehicle.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs verhindert wird, wenn sich der Funkschlüssel (23) außerhalb eines vorgegebenen Radius um das Kraftfahrzeug befindet.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that unlocking of the motor vehicle is prevented when the radio key (23) is outside a predetermined radius around the motor vehicle.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Ermittlung der Änderung der Entfernung zwischen den Einrichtungen die Entfernung in vorgegebenem Zeitabstand wenigstens zweimal nacheinander ermittelt und die Differenz der Ergebnisse zu dem Zeitabstand in Relation gesetzt wird.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to determine the change in the distance between the devices, the distance is determined at least twice in succession in a predetermined time interval and the difference of the results is related to the time interval.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Entriegeln des Kraftfahrzeugs verhindert wird, wenn sich der Funkschlüssel vom Kraftfahrzeug weg bewegt. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that an unlocking of the motor vehicle is prevented when the radio key moves away from the motor vehicle.
PCT/EP2000/004028 1999-06-15 2000-05-05 Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system WO2000077541A1 (en)

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KR1020017015965A KR20020020732A (en) 1999-06-15 2000-05-05 Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system
JP2001503545A JP2003502645A (en) 1999-06-15 2000-05-05 Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system
EP00927142A EP1185879A1 (en) 1999-06-15 2000-05-05 Method for determining the distance between two devices in an identification system
BR0011651-3A BR0011651A (en) 1999-06-15 2000-05-05 Process for determining the distance between two devices of an identification system

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FR3007877A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-02 Continental Automotive France METHOD FOR SECURING A FREE HANDLING ACCESS AND / OR STARTING SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE USING TEST SIGNALS

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FR3007877A1 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-02 Continental Automotive France METHOD FOR SECURING A FREE HANDLING ACCESS AND / OR STARTING SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE USING TEST SIGNALS

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BR0011651A (en) 2002-03-19
DE19927319A1 (en) 2000-12-21

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