WO2001009906A1 - Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path - Google Patents
Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001009906A1 WO2001009906A1 PCT/US2000/020657 US0020657W WO0109906A1 WO 2001009906 A1 WO2001009906 A1 WO 2001009906A1 US 0020657 W US0020657 W US 0020657W WO 0109906 A1 WO0109906 A1 WO 0109906A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- sensor
- flow path
- circulation flow
- electπcal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
- H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structure for monitoring the characteristics of a fluid filled device, and, more particularly, to placing a diagnostic sensor within a fluid circulation flow path of the device and thereby obtain faster and more representative indication of an observable event.
- Other monitored transformer characten sites include moisture content, dielect ⁇ c strength of the oil and power factor values
- the transformer either likely is already operating in a fault mode, or will soon enter such a fault mode. Accordingly, such a transformer may be taken off-line (if necessary) and/or repaired.
- changes in monitorable properties that tend to indicate a transformers overall Ahealthd can be desc ⁇ bed as observable events
- sensors for monitonng the above-mentioned characten sites or properties of the fluid m a tank are mounted at existing external ports on the tank, such as drain valves or pressure relief means.
- Such an approach takes advantage of preexisting accesses to the tank of the transformer where fluid is easily accessible.
- Another known approach to sensing fluid properties is to locate a sensor at the top oil level in the tank via an internal mounting scheme.
- Patent 3,680,359 to Lynch is an example of such an approach
- Still another known approach is to provide a separate access hole or port in the tank and therefrom draw out an amount of fluid, or oil, considered sufficient to operate a sensor that is mounted external to the tank
- Examples of this approach are disclosed m, for example, U.S Patent 4,058,373 to Kurz et al , U S , Patent 3,866 460 to Pearce Jr and U S Patent 5,773,709 to Gibeault et al
- the preferred embodiment is directed to improving transformer diagnostic capability and reliability by selecting an approp ⁇ ate sensor and locating that sensor or a plurality thereof in the circulation flow path, i.e., the fluid circulation loop, of the electncal device
- the fluid circulation flow path is defined as a semi -closed loop where if an event occurs at a location in the loop, then all other sequential downstream locations will, m all likelihood, Awitness ⁇ that event with some time delay
- one or more sensors are positioned such that the fluid that is being sensed travels within the circulation flow path, whereby more accurate and efficient measurement of the properties and characte ⁇ stics of that fluid can be obtained
- a sensor pieteiably is positioned in a radiator, or top or bottom radiator headers of the transformer
- a sensor preferably is disposed inside the transformer tank adjacent an inlet to or outlet from the radiator headers.
- one or more sensors are positioned within the transformer windings.
- the sensor preferably is wound together with the windings during manufacturing.
- a sensor is positioned adjacent to the inlets or outlets of the flow channels of the windings.
- multiple sensors are positioned within the circulation flow path and an observable event is monitored by some or all of these sensors whereby a time analysis of the observable event is effected.
- the sensor preferably is positioned within the circulation flow path of the fluid circulating in the transformer.
- Fig. 1 depicts a fluid circulation flow path of an electrical transformer including locations for sensors.
- Fig. 2 depicts a sensor mounted on the end of a feedthrough disposed in a radiator header.
- Fig. 3. depicts a sensor mounted on a bracket inside the tank of a transformer.
- Fig. 4 depicts a sensor on an end of a probe whose other end is disposed within the windings of a transformer.
- Fig. 1 depicts a transformer 10 including a tank 11 having a tank base 12 and tank wall
- the tank 11 is filled with a fluid 50, preferably oil, which provides the cooling and insulative properties desired for such an electrical device. Also shown schematically inside the tank 11 is the primary/secondary windings 14. For simplicity, the electrical connections from the primary/secondary windings 14 to the outside of tank 1 1 are not shown. For additional cooling purposes, a radiator set 18 is provided external to the tank
- a circulation flow path 25 is defined within the transformer 10.
- One type is forced convection flow which uses a pump to push the oil through the windings 14, or coils, and radiator set 18.
- Radiator 18 is used as an example, but any heat exchanging apparatus is operable with the teachings of the instant invention.
- the other type of circulation flow is natural convection flow which relies on changes in fluid density to naturally force circulation flow.
- the circulation flow path 25 for the forced convection type can be defined by starting at a pump 27 and moving towards a flow channel 25a to the primary/secondary windings 14.
- the windings 14 preferably are wound with key spacers (not shown) which direct the flow through the windings 14 in a reciprocating pattern. That is, the windings 14 in combination with the key spacers result in zig-zag like flow channels 25b.
- the fluid 50 moves to the radiator set 18 through a flow channel 25c. Once the fluid 50 enters the top header 20a it is directed to flow through individual panels of the radiator set 18 and then into the bottom header 20b. After the fluid 50 exits the bottom header 20b it returns to the pump 27 and circulation repeats.
- the flow path is somewhat less definitive in certain locations.
- the fluid 50 in the windings 14 heats up thereby forcing it to ⁇ se upward
- the fluid 50 exits flow channels 25b defined by windings 14 and key spacers the fluid 50 mixes together.
- the fluid 50 enters the well-defined circulation flow path 25 including radiator set 18 and headers 20a, 20b
- the circulation flow path may also be thought of, generally, as a conservative closed loop wherein once the loop is traversed a first time, the measurement of fluid characteristics or properties m a second or subsequent pass does not yield appreciably different results unless the fluid properties have changed in the interim
- the circulation flow path may also be defined with respect to fluid velocity
- Moving fluid in the circulation flow path typically has the property that the greatest velocity is present at the center of the circulation flow path and decreasing velocities are present at increased distances taken perpendicularly to the direction of flow
- the circulation flow path boundary i.e , the point where fluid in the flow path ends and stagnant fluid begins, is defined as the location at which fluid is flowing at about one tenth or I0 ( 7c of the maximum velocity present at the center of the flow path
- circulation flow path can be defined with respect to fluid density
- Streaming fluid with the lowest density typically will be coincident with the fluid having the highest velocity.
- the distnbution of densities measured across the circulation flow path is similar to the distnbution of velocities Temperature of the fizid is also interrelated Generally speaking, the highest temperature is coincident with the lowest density which, m turn, is coincident with the largest velocity.
- the fluid in the circulation flow path comprises only a fraction of the entire amount of fluid present in the device This fraction can be calculated by determining the mass of fluid in the circulation flow path versus the mass of all fluid in the device The mass of the fluid in the circulation flow path can be calculated by multiplying the average density of the fluid, P a v era g e , times the cross sectional area of the circulation flow path (based on the 10% boundary factor discussed above) times the length of the flow path
- P a v era g e the average density of the fluid
- sensors 60 are positioned in a va ⁇ ety of locations, each location being within the well-defined circulation flow path 25 of the transtormer 10, whereby an observable event in the circulation flow path 25 can be more accurately, reliably and efficiently monitored and/or sensed
- the sensors 60 can be mounted physically in many different ways depending on where they are located Some preferred ways for mounting the sensors 60 in the circulation flow path 25 include, as shown in Fig 2, tapping a hole 80 in, for example, the top header 20a and welding a nipple 81 over the hole 80
- the sensor 60 is mounted at the end of a feedthrough 70 which is preferably screwed into or on the welded-on nipple 81 In this case, the wires 62 for the sensor 60 remain external to the tank 11
- a hole with the desc ⁇ bed nipple could also be made in a panel of the radiator set 18 or the bottom header 20b as well
- the feedthrough 70 preferably is sufficiently long such that the sensor on the end thereof is positioned within the circulation flow path 25
- 62 preferably are connected to a processor 65 for processing the output of the sensor 60
- Processor 65 preferably is capable of sto ⁇ ng the output of the sensor (or multiple sensors) and determining whether that output exceeds a predetermined threshold, thereby indicating an imminent or actual fault condition.
- Processor 65 preferably is also capable of analyzing the outputs of a plurality of sensors both with respect to relative sensor output magnitude and relative and absolute time between readings. Such data preferably is used to analyze an observable event over a particular time pe ⁇ od resulting in even more accurate and useful data regarding the state of the transformer.
- FIG. 3 depicts a U-bracket 72 with a sensor 60 mounted on the top thereof.
- the bracket 72 is of a height and position relative to the header outlet (in the case shown) such that the sensor 60 is positioned with the circulation flow path 25 of the transformer 10.
- the wires 62 are internal to the tank and, accordingly, must be brought out through a feedthrough 85.
- a feedthrough 85 preferably maintains a fluid tight seal and maintains pressure within the tank 1 1
- Feedthrough 85 is therefore preferably either welded or bolted to the tank wall 16 or base 12 or cover (not shown) of the tank 11.
- the mounting provision can allow for replacement of the sensor by removing the top or bottom header 20a, 20b, as approp ⁇ ate, to obtain access to the sensor 60
- the earher-desc ⁇ bed externally-mounted feedthrough 70 with a sensor on the end thereof (Fig 2) is relatively easier to replace under field conditions, the just-desc ⁇ bed internally-mounted sensor has the advantage of avoiding the necessity of providing additional access holes through the tank walls 16.
- a sensor preferably is mounted in close proximity to the p ⁇ mary/secondary windings 14 Such positioning is desirable as many fault conditions stem from this portion of a transformer.
- Fig 1 schematically illustrates sensors 60 that are wound with the windings 14 themselves, preferably during winding manufacture. While such positioning of the sensors is desirable due to the pioximity of potential observable events, this approach can pose certain problems
- the sensor and associated wires preferably are insulated electrically from the winding conductors, but the sensor or wires may be destroyed by shearing or abrasion during manufacturing, shipping or operation. This may lead to other physical phenomena which greatly affect the location and mechanism of sensor mounting in the windings 14.
- a transformer operates by linking magnetic field lines between primary and secondary coils. And, the intensity of the linkage magnetic field is generally large enough such that electrical noise can be generated in the wires of the sensor. Unfortunately, the noise level can be larger than the normal signal level produced by the sensor thereby rendering the sensor practically unusable.
- shielded cable preferably is implemented for the sensor wires.
- the magnetic field generated by the windings 14 induces voltage in the windings 14.
- the induced voltage levels are typically sufficiently large such that capacitive coupling between the windings and the sensor results, thereby elevating the voltage level of the sensor above ground.
- This problem preferably is overcome by implementing electronic capacitance decoupling. Again, while having a sensor located within the circulation flow path with the primary and/or secondary windings is desirable, this approach can become more expensive compared to the other embodiments desc ⁇ bed herein.
- Yet another sensor positioning site is on one end of a probe 90, where the other end of the probe is positioned within the windings 14.
- the fluid 50 in the windings 14 preferably is extracted via the probe and passed to the sensor 60 that is outside the windings 14. This approach greatly reduces the magnetic and electric field constraints described above with respect to sensors disposed within the windings 14.
- a sensor 60 preferably is mounted a small distance away from either the entrance or exit of the winding flow channel 25b, as shown in Fig. 1. Such an approach allows for the sensor 60 to be in the circulation flow path 25 and achieves reduced sensor susceptibility to electric/magnetic interference.
- the sensors 60 operable with the teachings of the present invention are not limited in any way That is, in accordance with the present invention, any known sensor can be positioned in a circulation flow path of a transformer or any other type of elect ⁇ cal device that includes cooling and/or insulating fluid. Operable with the present invention are temperature sensors, gas concentration sensors, which sense gasses that are soluble in oil
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR0006962-0A BR0006962A (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Fluid-filled electrical device with diagnostics sensor located in the fluid circulation flow path |
JP2001514439A JP2003506863A (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Fluid-filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor in fluid circulation channel |
AU63900/00A AU6390000A (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path |
EP00950865A EP1118088A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/362,866 US6401518B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 1999-07-29 | Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path |
US09/362,866 | 1999-07-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001009906A1 true WO2001009906A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
Family
ID=23427821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/020657 WO2001009906A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2000-07-28 | Fluid filled electrical device with diagnostic sensor located in fluid circulation flow path |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6401518B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1118088A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003506863A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1230841C (en) |
AU (1) | AU6390000A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0006962A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001009906A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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GB2401705B (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2006-09-06 | Acres Gaming Inc | Valued end bonus event for gaming machine |
EP2290353A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-02 | ABB Technology AG | Measuring apparatus for monitoring a transformer's oil |
WO2012059503A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-10 | Abb Technology Ag | Predicting the remaining life of a transformer |
DE102022124183A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-21 | E.ON Digital Technology GmbH | Oil transformer with an oil expansion tank |
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SE514509C2 (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2001-03-05 | Abb Ab | stationary soundproofing device, stationary induction machine and use of such an induction machine |
US6572576B2 (en) * | 2001-07-07 | 2003-06-03 | Nxstage Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for leak detection in a fluid line |
US7040142B2 (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2006-05-09 | Nxstage Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for leak detection in blood circuits combining external fluid detection and air infiltration detection |
US9717840B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2017-08-01 | Nxstage Medical, Inc. | Method and apparatus for machine error detection by combining multiple sensor inputs |
US20030128125A1 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2003-07-10 | Burbank Jeffrey H. | Method and apparatus for machine error detection by combining multiple sensor inputs |
CN1303624C (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2007-03-07 | 马兴凯 | Evaporation and cooling power transformer for electric engine |
DE102005019114A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-10-26 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Electronic device, especially voltage adapter, has electric coil arranged on component reservoir and arrangement for carrying away heat generated by electric coil via component reservoir |
JP2007273646A (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Toshiba Corp | On-load tap switch |
US7516651B2 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2009-04-14 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus to determine moisture content in solid insulation |
BRPI0700843A (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-11-04 | Santos Eduardo Pedrosa | temperature monitoring system for oil immersed power transformers |
EP2104116B1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2017-05-10 | ALSTOM Transport Technologies | Oil cooling system, particularly for transformers feeding traction electric motors, transformer with said system and method for determining the cooling fluid flow in a cooling system |
US8081054B2 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-12-20 | Guentert Iii Joseph J | Hyper-cooled liquid-filled transformer |
US20120160020A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-28 | Roger Burger | Apparatus and method for moisture detection in a refridgerant/oil mixture |
US8405991B2 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2013-03-26 | General Electric Company | Heat transfer element temperature variation system |
US8836523B2 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2014-09-16 | General Electric Company | Fault gas alarm system |
EP2899728B2 (en) | 2014-01-22 | 2019-11-13 | ABB Schweiz AG | A device comprising a high voltage apparatus including a fluid and equipment for detecting one or more physical properties of the fluid |
US10145830B2 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-12-04 | Roger Alan FENTON | Monitoring power devices |
DE102016219378A1 (en) * | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical device with different degrees of cooled encapsulation spaces |
US10586645B2 (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-03-10 | Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag | Transformer systems and methods for operating a transformer system |
US11631533B2 (en) | 2017-12-30 | 2023-04-18 | Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag | System for sensor utilization in a transformer cooling circuit |
EP3587986A1 (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-01 | ABB Schweiz AG | Cooling arrangement for a high voltage power device |
RU2701196C1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-09-25 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)" | Oil diagnostics method by strength index |
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- 2000-07-28 BR BR0006962-0A patent/BR0006962A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-28 AU AU63900/00A patent/AU6390000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-28 JP JP2001514439A patent/JP2003506863A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-28 CN CNB008015147A patent/CN1230841C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-28 EP EP00950865A patent/EP1118088A1/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2401705B (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2006-09-06 | Acres Gaming Inc | Valued end bonus event for gaming machine |
EP2290353A1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-02 | ABB Technology AG | Measuring apparatus for monitoring a transformer's oil |
WO2012059503A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-10 | Abb Technology Ag | Predicting the remaining life of a transformer |
DE102022124183A1 (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2024-03-21 | E.ON Digital Technology GmbH | Oil transformer with an oil expansion tank |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6401518B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
CN1319237A (en) | 2001-10-24 |
CN1230841C (en) | 2005-12-07 |
AU6390000A (en) | 2001-02-19 |
JP2003506863A (en) | 2003-02-18 |
BR0006962A (en) | 2001-06-26 |
EP1118088A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
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