WO2001016055A1 - Use of substances capable of swelling as binding agents for liquid animal excreta and fertilization methods - Google Patents

Use of substances capable of swelling as binding agents for liquid animal excreta and fertilization methods Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001016055A1
WO2001016055A1 PCT/EP2000/008287 EP0008287W WO0116055A1 WO 2001016055 A1 WO2001016055 A1 WO 2001016055A1 EP 0008287 W EP0008287 W EP 0008287W WO 0116055 A1 WO0116055 A1 WO 0116055A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
hydrophilic
manure
substances
swellable
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PCT/EP2000/008287
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Philipp Klose
Holger Wack
Hans-Jürgen GROSS
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Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
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Priority claimed from DE19958668A external-priority patent/DE19958668A1/en
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to AU74132/00A priority Critical patent/AU7413200A/en
Publication of WO2001016055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001016055A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the improvement of the properties of animal excretions, in particular manure, through the use of swellable substances, e.g. biodegradable polymers.
  • Ammonia is a major odor nuisance and is particularly problematic in the vicinity of settlements.
  • Ammonia is considered one of the main causes of Forest damage. It stimulates plant growth and thus increases the need for other nutrients. As a result of the nitrogen inputs, the trees are more susceptible to other stress factors and harmful effects such as drought and insect infestation.
  • Ammonia emissions cause the manure to lose part of its nitrogen, which is therefore not available to the agricultural area to be fertilized.
  • DE 40 37 113 AI and EP 474 992 A2 describe processes in which appropriate fertilizers can be produced from the manure using additives.
  • the manure is in containers with additives such as polyuronides (in an amount of up to 3 wt .-%) and acids and then mixed with gypsum, subjected to a thermal treatment and then dried.
  • the spreadable dry fertilizer thus produced can then be used for fertilization.
  • the emissions (exhaust air) that occur in the described process are treated in additional cleaning steps.
  • EP 474 992 A2 the slurry is applied to a surface specially prepared with additives in several steps and aerated between these steps. The product is then stored and fermented before being worked into the soil.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce the number of work steps in the treatment of liquid manure and the like. significantly reduce and at the same time achieve an emission reduction.
  • the constituents of the excretions should also be available as plant nutrients without the disadvantages of previous fertilization techniques.
  • the object is achieved in that the animal excretions are combined with hydrophilic, swellable substances. These substances serve as binders for the liquid components ("manure") of the excretions,
  • Excretions, nitrate and phosphate leaching and odor emissions are significantly reduced.
  • the liquid part of the excretions is converted into a coherent gel, which has elastic properties and is usually mechanically stable.
  • the liquid excretions absorbed by the swellable substances are also extremely suitable for controlled fertilization, since they ensure an even release of nutrients that are adapted to the needs of the plants.
  • the hydrophilic, swellable can advantageously
  • Substances directly before or during discharge i.e. for example on the way from the stable to the field or to the meadow or only there.
  • This can be done using methods known from the prior art for solid / liquid mixing, for example with jet pumps, the pump, the storage container and the mixing container preferably being mounted on a portable base.
  • the liquid manure is set sufficiently quickly to ensure the transport time of the liquid manure or even exclusively its application time To use retaliation.
  • the necessary gelling period can be controlled, for example, via the grain size of the swellable substance.
  • the fertilization process according to the invention is therefore particularly interesting in areas in which groundwater contamination by phosphates and nitrates is possible. Use at times that are not permitted by the current fertilizer ordinance is also conceivable. Especially in the Winter months, the risk of washing out on frozen soils is particularly great. However, since there is also a low nutrient requirement during this period, winter fertilization without the disadvantages that currently exist is of interest for the future.
  • the invention is not restricted with regard to the use of the swellable substance (s), provided that they have gel-forming properties and their hydrophilicity makes them suitable for binding aqueous substances to a large extent.
  • Gel formers are usually cross-linked. They are not or only partially soluble in the liquid to be gelled, at least at the temperature at which the gelling takes place.
  • hydrophilic natural or synthetic polymers are hydrophilic natural or synthetic polymers.
  • SAP super-absorbent polymers
  • SAP uses the food and packaging industries to bind the liquids released from food (fish, meat) during transport and storage (see EP-A-685 30)
  • Biodegradable substances such as polysaccharides, in particular alginates, alginic acids, amylose, amylopectin, callose, carragenan, cellulose, chitin, dextran, guluronic acid, inulin, laminarin, lichenine, pullulan, pustulan, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan or mixtures thereof are suitable, for example.
  • non-biodegradable substances such as highly absorbent synthetic polymers, in particular polymers based on acrylate or methacrylate, polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid or their salts, polyacrylamide, polyalcohols and copolymers of the synthetic polymers mentioned and mixtures of these substances can be used.
  • biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances can also be combined with one another in a suitable manner.
  • the polymers can have further crosslinking and / or processing aids and / or property improvers.
  • Gel formers which are at least partially or completely biodegradable are very particularly preferably used.
  • the nutrient release of the "liquid manure gel" acting as a depot body can be controlled in a targeted manner by the rate of degradation of the biodegradable polymer.
  • Manure type pig manure
  • Gelling agent non-biodegradable superabsorbent Stockosorb, (cross-linked sodium polyacrylate; manufacturer: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), ganulate shape, medium grain size, 1.5 mm. 100 g of liquid manure were added to 10 g of the gelling agent mentioned and mixed intensively. The formation of a "liquid manure gel” is determined after approximately 8.5 minutes. A granular liquid manure gel is present after approximately 30 minutes. The "liquid manure gel” is stable over a test period of two weeks.
  • Manure type pig manure gelling agent: non-biodegradable superabsorbent, Cabloc CT (cross-linked sodium polyacrylate; manufacturer: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), powder form, medium grain size, 100 ⁇ m.
  • liquid manure 100 g of liquid manure were added to 5 g of the gelling agent mentioned and mixed intensively. After about 30 seconds, the formation of a "liquid manure gel” with a pasty consistency is determined. The “liquid manure gel” is stable over a test period of two weeks.
  • Manure type pig manure
  • Gelling agent biodegradable superabsorbent, CMS / SAP01 from CHP Carbohydrat Pirna GmbH & Co. KG, (mixture of cross-linked polysaccharides), powder form, average grain size: 300 ⁇ m.
  • liquid manure 100 g was added to 7 g of CMS / SAP01 and mixed intensively. After about 2 minutes, the formation of a "liquid manure gel” with a pasty consistency is determined.
  • the "liquid manure gel” is stable over a period of 4 days and then liquefies increasingly due to the breakdown of the polymer chains of the gel former.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the effect of the fertilizing method according to the invention.
  • Figure la illustrates the conventional fertilization: the manure is applied to the surface of the earth. Nitrates that have not been absorbed reach rainwater through channels down to a groundwater layer.
  • FIG. 1b shows the advantages of the fertilization according to the invention: the gelled manure remains on the surface of the earth and releases the plant nutrients slowly and in a controlled manner to the environment. The groundwater remains uncontaminated.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlled fertilization, using natural fertilizers. Said method is characterised in that liquid animal excreta, or animal excreta containing a high proportion of liquid is mixed with at least one hydrophilic substance capable of swelling directly before or during its distribution and the resultant gel is applied to the area to be fertilized. The invention also relates to the use of hydrophilic substances capable of swelling as binding agents for liquid animal excreta, or for animal excreta containing a high proportion of liquid, characterised in that at least 4 wt. % of the binding agent is added to the animal excreta.

Description

Verwendung von quellfähigen Substanzen als Bindemittel für flüssige tierische Ausscheidungen und DüngeverfahrenUse of swellable substances as binders for liquid animal excretions and fertilization processes
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von tierischen Ausscheidungen, insbesondere von Gülle, durch den Einsatz quellfähiger Substanzen, z.B. biologisch abbaubarer Polymere.The present invention relates to the improvement of the properties of animal excretions, in particular manure, through the use of swellable substances, e.g. biodegradable polymers.
Zur Zeit werden die in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben anfallenden tierischen Ausscheidungen größtenteils auf landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen aufgebracht. Durch diese Vorgehensweise wird zum einen anfallende Gülle entsorgt, zum anderen werden den Pflanzen durch die Gülleinhaltsstoffe wertvolle Nährstoffe zugeführt. Dabei ergeben sich jedoch folgende Probleme:At present, the animal excretions occurring in agricultural holdings are mostly applied to agricultural land. This procedure firstly disposes of liquid manure, and secondly, valuable nutrients are added to the plants through the manure ingredients. However, the following problems arise:
1. Belastung des Grundwassers durch ausgewaschene Nitrate und Phosphate1. Pollution of the groundwater by washed out nitrates and phosphates
Die größten Umweltprobleme durch Gülledüngung entstehen, wenn zur falschen Zeit gedüngt bzw. überdüngt wird. Die Pflanzen nehmen die Nährstoffe im Flüssigdünger dann nur teilweise auf und die ungenützte Gülle dringt in das Grund- und Oberflächenwasser, wodurch dieses mit Phosphaten und Nitraten belastet wird. Eine angepaßte Nährstoffversorgung würde dagegen zu einer wesentlichen Verringerung des Stickstoff- und Phosphoreintrages über die tierischen Ausscheidungen in den Boden führen.The greatest environmental problems caused by manure fertilization arise when fertilization or over-fertilization occurs at the wrong time. The plants then only partially absorb the nutrients in the liquid fertilizer and the unused liquid manure penetrates into the ground and surface water, causing it to be contaminated with phosphates and nitrates. An adapted nutrient supply, on the other hand, would lead to a substantial reduction in the nitrogen and phosphorus entry via the animal excretions into the soil.
2. Emissionen von Ammoniak2. Emissions of ammonia
Beim Austragen der Gülle auf die landwirtschaftlichen Flächen wird bei der Verteilung Ammoniak freigesetzt. Dies ist aus folgenden Gründen unerwünscht:When the liquid manure is discharged onto the agricultural land, ammonia is released during the distribution. This is undesirable for the following reasons:
(a) Das Ammoniak stellt eine große Geruchsbelästigung dar und ist dabei besonders in der Nähe von Siedlungen ein Problem.(a) Ammonia is a major odor nuisance and is particularly problematic in the vicinity of settlements.
(b) Ammoniak gilt als einer der Hauptverursacher von Waldschäden. Es regt das Pflanzenwachstum an und erhöht damit den Bedarf an anderen Nährstoffen. Folge der Stickstoffeintrage ist eine höhere Anfälligkeit der Bäume gegen andere Streßfaktoren und Schadeinwirkungen wie Trockenheit und Insektenbefall, (c) Durch Ammoniakemissionen verliert die Gülle eine Teil ihres Stickstoffes, der damit der zu düngenden landwirtschaftlichen Fläche nicht zur Verfügung steht.(b) Ammonia is considered one of the main causes of Forest damage. It stimulates plant growth and thus increases the need for other nutrients. As a result of the nitrogen inputs, the trees are more susceptible to other stress factors and harmful effects such as drought and insect infestation. (C) Ammonia emissions cause the manure to lose part of its nitrogen, which is therefore not available to the agricultural area to be fertilized.
Um diesen Problemen entgegenzuwirken, wurde das Ausbringen von Gülle durch die Düngemittelverordnung von 1996 stark reglementiert. Sie schreibt bestimmte maximale Düngemittelmengen und moderne Ausbringungverfahren vor.In order to counteract these problems, the spreading of liquid manure was heavily regulated by the 1996 fertilizer regulation. It prescribes certain maximum amounts of fertilizer and modern application methods.
Um die vorstehenden Nachteile zu vermeiden, wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, zur Emissionsreduzierung der Gülle vereinzelt Wasser hinzuzufügen, wodurch jedoch die Transportkosten deutlich erhöht werden. Auch eine Belüftung der Gülle verringert die Emissionen bei der Ausbringung, allerdings wird die Düngewirkung ebenfalls verringert. Im Bereich der Lagerstätte kann dieIn order to avoid the above disadvantages, it has already been proposed to add water to the slurry to reduce emissions, but this significantly increases the transport costs. Aeration of the manure also reduces emissions during spreading, but the fertilizing effect is also reduced. In the area of the deposit, the
Geruchsstoffreisetzung jedoch verstärkt werden. Die erheblichen Kosten und die verstärkte Ammoniakfreisetzung bei der Belüftung haben dazu geführt, daß die Belüftung derzeit kaum noch Beachtung findet.However, odor release will be increased. The considerable costs and the increased release of ammonia during aeration have led to the fact that aeration is currently hardly considered.
Durch moderne Ausbringverfahren wie z.B. den Einsatz von Schleppschuh- und Schleppschlauchverteilern lassen sich Geruchsemissionen und die Auswaschgefahr etwas reduzieren, weshalb diese Systeme heute verstärkt eingesetzt werden. Bei starken Regenfällen oder gefrorenen Böden ist die Auswaschgefahr jedoch nicht gebannt. Auch das Problem der Geruchsbelastungen ist noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst.Through modern application processes such as The use of drag shoe and drag hose distributors can somewhat reduce odor emissions and the risk of washing out, which is why these systems are increasingly used today. However, the risk of washing out is not averted in heavy rain or frozen ground. The problem of odor pollution has also not yet been satisfactorily resolved.
In der DE 40 37 113 AI und der EP 474 992 A2 sind Verfahren beschrieben, bei denen unter Verwendung von Zusatzstoffen aus der Gülle entsprechende Düngemittel erzeugt werden können. Gemäß der DE 40 37 113 AI wird die Gülle dazu in Behältern mit den Zusatzstoffen wie Polyuroniden (in einer Menge von bis zu 3 Gew.-%) und Säuren behandelt und sodann mit Gips vermischt, einer thermischen Behandlung unterzogen und anschließend getrocknet. Der so hergestellte streufähige Trockendünger kann dann zur Düngung verwendet werden. Die bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren auftretenden Emissionen (Abluft) werden in zusätzlichen Reinigungsschritten behandelt. Gemäß der EP 474 992 A2 wird die Gülle auf einer zuvor mit Zusatzstoffen speziell präparierten Fläche in mehreren Schritten aufgebracht und zwischen diesen Schritten durchgelüftet. Anschließend wird das Produkt gelagert und fermentiert, bevor es in das Erdreich eingearbeitet wird.DE 40 37 113 AI and EP 474 992 A2 describe processes in which appropriate fertilizers can be produced from the manure using additives. According to DE 40 37 113 AI, the manure is in containers with additives such as polyuronides (in an amount of up to 3 wt .-%) and acids and then mixed with gypsum, subjected to a thermal treatment and then dried. The spreadable dry fertilizer thus produced can then be used for fertilization. The emissions (exhaust air) that occur in the described process are treated in additional cleaning steps. According to EP 474 992 A2, the slurry is applied to a surface specially prepared with additives in several steps and aerated between these steps. The product is then stored and fermented before being worked into the soil.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Anzahl der Arbeitsschritte bei der Behandlung von Gülle und dgl . deutlich zu verringern und gleichzeitig eine Emissionsverminderung zu erzielen. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sollen die Inhaltsstoffe der Ausscheidungen darüber hinaus als Pflanzennährstoffe zur Verfügung stehen, ohne daß die Nachteile bisheriger Düngetechniken auftreten.The object of the present invention is to reduce the number of work steps in the treatment of liquid manure and the like. significantly reduce and at the same time achieve an emission reduction. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the constituents of the excretions should also be available as plant nutrients without the disadvantages of previous fertilization techniques.
Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die tierischen Ausscheidungen mit hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanzen zusammengegeben werden. Dabei dienen diese Substanzen als Bindemittel für die Flüssiganteile („Gülle") der Ausscheidungen,The object is achieved in that the animal excretions are combined with hydrophilic, swellable substances. These substances serve as binders for the liquid components ("manure") of the excretions,
Um eine schnelle Abbindung der Gülle zu erzielen, ist es dabei vorteilhaft, mindestens 4 Gew.-% der quellfähigen Substanz einzusetzen .In order to achieve rapid setting of the manure, it is advantageous to use at least 4% by weight of the swellable substance.
Durch die hierdurch erzielte „Vergelung" der tierischenThrough the "gelation" of the animal
Ausscheidungen werden Nitrat- und Phosphatauswaschungen sowie die Geruchsemissionen (Ammoniak-Abgabe an die Umgebung) deutlich reduziert. Der Flüssiganteil der Ausscheidungen wird in ein kohärentes Gel überführt, das elastische Eigenschaften aufweist und in der Regel mechanisch stabil ist. Die von den quellfähigen Substanzen absorbierten Flüssigausscheidungen eignen sich darüber hinaus ausgezeichnet zur kontrollierten Düngung, da eine gleichmäßige, an den Bedarf der Pflanzen angepaßte Nährstoffabgäbe gewährleistet ist. In vorteilhafter Weise können die hydrophilen, quellfähigenExcretions, nitrate and phosphate leaching and odor emissions (ammonia release to the environment) are significantly reduced. The liquid part of the excretions is converted into a coherent gel, which has elastic properties and is usually mechanically stable. The liquid excretions absorbed by the swellable substances are also extremely suitable for controlled fertilization, since they ensure an even release of nutrients that are adapted to the needs of the plants. The hydrophilic, swellable can advantageously
Substanzen dabei direkt vor dem bzw. beim Austrag, d.h. zum Beispiel auf dem Weg vom Stall zum Feld oder zur Wiese oder auch erst dort, zusammengegeben werden. Dies kann mit nach dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren zur Fest/Flüssigmischung, beispielsweise mit Strahlpumpen, erfolgen, wobei die Pumpe, der Vorratsbehälter und der Mischbehälter vorzugsweise auf einem transportablen Untersatz montiert sind. Werden die vorgenannten Mengenverhältnisse eingehalten oder mehr hydrophile, quellfähige Substanz bis zu einem Anteil von etwa 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die tierischen Ausscheidungen, eingesetzt, so wird die Gülle ausreichend schnell abgebunden, um die Transportzeit der Gülle oder sogar ausschließlich deren Ausbringzeit zur Vergelung zu nutzen. Dabei kann der notwendige Vergelungszeitraum beispielsweise über die Korngröße der quellfähigen Substanz gesteuert werden. So kann bei entsprechender Feinkörnung bereits nach 30 Sekunden eine ausreichende Vergelung stattgefunden haben, was gestattet, gegebenenfalls die Mischung direkt nach dem Vermischen auszubringen. Mit diesen Vorgaben lassen sich die positiven Effekte moderner Ausbringungstechniken verstärken. Aber auch bei einfachen Ausbringungsmethoden, wie sie heute immer noch Verwendung finden (Einsatz von Prallblechung, Prallköpfen und Schleuderschüben) kann eine erhebliche Reduzierung der oben genannten Probleme erreicht werden. Weder starke Regenfälle noch Druck- oder Temperatureinwirkungen bewirken ein unkontrolliertes Austreten der Nährstoffe aus dem „Gülle-Gel" . Die stark erhöhte Viskosität verhindert eine Austragung durch Kanäle im Erdreich.Substances directly before or during discharge, i.e. for example on the way from the stable to the field or to the meadow or only there. This can be done using methods known from the prior art for solid / liquid mixing, for example with jet pumps, the pump, the storage container and the mixing container preferably being mounted on a portable base. If the above-mentioned quantitative ratios are observed or more hydrophilic, swellable substance up to a proportion of about 10% by weight, based on the animal excretions, is used, the liquid manure is set sufficiently quickly to ensure the transport time of the liquid manure or even exclusively its application time To use retaliation. The necessary gelling period can be controlled, for example, via the grain size of the swellable substance. With a corresponding fine grain size, sufficient gelling may have taken place after only 30 seconds, which allows the mixture to be applied directly after mixing, if necessary. With these requirements, the positive effects of modern application techniques can be enhanced. But even with simple application methods, such as those that are still used today (use of baffle plates, impact heads and centrifugal thrusts), the above-mentioned problems can be significantly reduced. Neither heavy rain nor pressure or temperature effects cause the nutrients to leak out of the "liquid manure gel" in an uncontrolled manner. The greatly increased viscosity prevents discharge through channels in the ground.
Interessant ist das erfindungsgemäße Düngeverfahren daher besonders in Gegenden, in denen eine Grundwasserverunreinigung durch Phosphate und Nitrate möglich ist. Auch ist der Einsatz zu Zeitpunkten denkbar, die durch die aktuelle Düngemittelverordnung nicht zulässig sind. Besonders in den Wintermonaten ist die Gefahr der Auswaschung auf gefrorenen Böden besonders groß. Da aber auch in dieser Zeit ein wenn auch geringer Nährstoffbedarf vorhanden ist, ist eine Winterdüngung ohne die derzeit bestehenden Nachteile für die Zukunft von Interesse.The fertilization process according to the invention is therefore particularly interesting in areas in which groundwater contamination by phosphates and nitrates is possible. Use at times that are not permitted by the current fertilizer ordinance is also conceivable. Especially in the Winter months, the risk of washing out on frozen soils is particularly great. However, since there is also a low nutrient requirement during this period, winter fertilization without the disadvantages that currently exist is of interest for the future.
Die Erfindung ist bezüglich des Einsatzes der quellfähigen Substanz (en) nicht beschränkt, sofern diese gelbildende Eigenschaften besitzen und ihre Hydrophilie sie geeignet macht, wäßrige Substanzen in starkem Maße zu binden. DerartigeThe invention is not restricted with regard to the use of the swellable substance (s), provided that they have gel-forming properties and their hydrophilicity makes them suitable for binding aqueous substances to a large extent. such
Substanzen werden bereits heute vielfältig verwendet und sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Gelbildner sind in der Regel quervernetzt. Sie sind in der zu vergelenden Flüssigkeit zumindest bei der Temperatur, bei der die Vergelung stattfindet, nicht oder nur teilweise löslich. Zu erwähnen sind hier insbesondere hydrophile natürliche oder synthetische Polymere. Im Bereich der Hygienetechnik werden seit vielen Jahren quervernetzte Polymere unter der Bezeichnung „super-absorbierende Polymere" (SAP) zur Aufnahme und Speicherung von Körperflüssigkeiten verwendet (siehe beispielsweise DE OS 31 24 008, EP 178 175 A2 oder US 4,269,188). Im Bereich der Lebensmittel- und Verpackungsindustrie werden SAP dazu benutzt, die von Lebensmitteln (Fisch, Fleisch) während des Transports und der Lagerung abgegebene Flüssigkeiten zu binden (siehe EP-A-685 30). Als Bodenzuschlagsstoffe finden die SAP im Bereich derSubstances are already used in a variety of ways and are known to the person skilled in the art. Gel formers are usually cross-linked. They are not or only partially soluble in the liquid to be gelled, at least at the temperature at which the gelling takes place. Of particular note here are hydrophilic natural or synthetic polymers. In the field of hygiene technology, cross-linked polymers under the name "super-absorbent polymers" (SAP) have been used for many years to absorb and store body fluids (see, for example, DE OS 31 24 008, EP 178 175 A2 or US 4,269,188) SAP uses the food and packaging industries to bind the liquids released from food (fish, meat) during transport and storage (see EP-A-685 30)
Agrartechnik als Bodenstabilisatoren und Feuchtigkeitsspeicher Verwendung (siehe EP-A-380 448, US 5,185,024).Agricultural technology used as soil stabilizers and moisture storage (see EP-A-380 448, US 5,185,024).
Alle in den erwähnten Patenten bzw. Patentanmeldungen genannten Substanzen können auch für die vorliegende Erfindung eingesetzt werden. Geeignet sind beispielsweise biologisch abbaubare Substanzen wie Polysaccharide, insbesondere Alginate, Alginsäuren, Amylose, Amylopektin, Callose, Carragenan, Cellulose, Chitin, Dextran, Guluronsäure, Inulin, Laminarin, Lichenin, Pullulan, Pustulan, Stärke, Stärkederivate, Xanthan oder Mischungen hiervon. Insbesondere dann, wenn keine Ausbringung auf natürliche Böden vorgesehen ist, sind auch z.B. biologisch nicht abbaubare Substanzen wie hochsaugaktive synthetische Polymere, insbesondere Polymere auf Acrylat- oder Methacrylat-Basis, Polyacrylsäure oder Polymethacrylsäure oder deren Salze, Polyacrylamid, Polyalkohole und Copolymere der genannten synthetischen Polymeren sowie Mischungen dieser Substanzen einsetzbar. Selbstverständlich lassen sich auch biologisch abbaubare und biologisch nicht abbaubare Substanzen in geeigneter Weise miteinander kombinieren. Die Polymere können weitere Vernetzungs- und/oder Verarbeitungshilfsmittel und/oder Eigenschaftsverbesserer aufweisen .All of the substances mentioned in the patents or patent applications mentioned can also be used for the present invention. Biodegradable substances such as polysaccharides, in particular alginates, alginic acids, amylose, amylopectin, callose, carragenan, cellulose, chitin, dextran, guluronic acid, inulin, laminarin, lichenine, pullulan, pustulan, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan or mixtures thereof are suitable, for example. In particular, if no application to natural soils is provided, there are also, for example, non-biodegradable substances such as highly absorbent synthetic polymers, in particular polymers based on acrylate or methacrylate, polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid or their salts, polyacrylamide, polyalcohols and copolymers of the synthetic polymers mentioned and mixtures of these substances can be used. Of course, biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances can also be combined with one another in a suitable manner. The polymers can have further crosslinking and / or processing aids and / or property improvers.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt werden Gelbildner eingesetzt, die zumindest teilweise oder aber vollständig biologisch abbaubar sind. Dabei kann die Nährstoffabgäbe des als Depotkörper wirkenden „Gülle-Gels" durch die Abbaurate des biologisch abbaubaren Polymers gezielt gesteuert werden.Gel formers which are at least partially or completely biodegradable are very particularly preferably used. The nutrient release of the "liquid manure gel" acting as a depot body can be controlled in a targeted manner by the rate of degradation of the biodegradable polymer.
Durch die Vergelung der Gülle kann die Wirkung von geeigneten Zusatzstoffen bei der Herstellung von Düngern, wie z.B. das im Patent DE 41 14 370 vorgeschlagene Gemisch aus Calciumsulfat , Natriumcarbonat bzw. Natriumbicarbonat, Rindenmehl, cellulosehaltige Substanzen und Tonminerale, noch erhöht werden, da durch das Gel eine erhöhte Einwirkzeit der Zusatzstoffe bewirkt wird. Es ist aber bevorzugt, das Gel direkt und ohne Einbringung weiterer Stoffe einzusetzen, um die Bodenzusammensetzung so wenig wie möglich durch künstliche Maßnahmen zu verändern und Kosten zu sparen.By gelling the manure, the effect of suitable additives in the production of fertilizers, e.g. the mixture of calcium sulfate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, bark flour, cellulose-containing substances and clay minerals proposed in patent DE 41 14 370 can be increased further, since the gel causes an increased exposure time of the additives. However, it is preferred to use the gel directly and without the introduction of additional substances in order to change the soil composition as little as possible by artificial measures and to save costs.
Nachstehend soll die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.
Beispiel 1example 1
Gülletyp: SchweinegülleManure type: pig manure
Gelbildner: nicht biologisch abbaubarer Superabsorber Stockosorb, (quervernetztes Natriumpolyacrylat ; Hersteller: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), Ganulatform, mittlere Korngröße, 1 , 5 mm. 100g Gülle wurden 10g des genannten Gelbildners zugegeben und intensiv vermischt. Nach ca. 8,5 Minuten wird die Bildung eines „Gülle-Gels" festgestellt. Nach ca. 30 Minuten liegt ein granulatförmiges Gülle-Gel vor. Das „Gülle-Gel" ist über einen Versuchszeitraum von zwei Wochen stabil.Gelling agent: non-biodegradable superabsorbent Stockosorb, (cross-linked sodium polyacrylate; manufacturer: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), ganulate shape, medium grain size, 1.5 mm. 100 g of liquid manure were added to 10 g of the gelling agent mentioned and mixed intensively. The formation of a "liquid manure gel" is determined after approximately 8.5 minutes. A granular liquid manure gel is present after approximately 30 minutes. The "liquid manure gel" is stable over a test period of two weeks.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Gülletyp: Schweinegülle Gelbildner: nicht biologisch abbaubarer Superabsorber, Cabloc CT (quervernetztes Natrium-polyacrylat ; Hersteller: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), Pulverform, mittlere Korngröße, lOOμm.Manure type: pig manure gelling agent: non-biodegradable superabsorbent, Cabloc CT (cross-linked sodium polyacrylate; manufacturer: Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG), powder form, medium grain size, 100 μm.
100g Gülle wurden 5g des genannten Gelbildners zugegeben und intensiv vermischt. Nach ca. 30 Sekunden wird die Bildung eines „Gülle-Gels" mit pastöser Konsistenz festgestellt. Das „Gülle- Gel" ist über einen Versuchszeitraum von zwei Wochen stabil.100 g of liquid manure were added to 5 g of the gelling agent mentioned and mixed intensively. After about 30 seconds, the formation of a "liquid manure gel" with a pasty consistency is determined. The "liquid manure gel" is stable over a test period of two weeks.
Beispiel 3Example 3
Gülletyp: SchweinegülleManure type: pig manure
Gelbildner: biologisch abbaubarer Superabsorber, CMS/SAP01 von CHP Carbohydrat Pirna GmbH & Co. KG, (Mischung quervernetzter Polysaccharide) , Pulverform, mittlere Korngröße: 300μm.Gelling agent: biodegradable superabsorbent, CMS / SAP01 from CHP Carbohydrat Pirna GmbH & Co. KG, (mixture of cross-linked polysaccharides), powder form, average grain size: 300μm.
100 g Gülle wurden 7g CMS/SAP01 zugegeben und intensiv vermischt. Nach ca. 2 Minuten wird die Bildung eines „Gülle- Gels" mit pastöser Konsistenz festgestellt. Das „Gülle-Gel" ist über einen Zeitraum von 4 Tagen stabil und verflüssigt sich danach zunehmend auf Grund des Abbaus der Polymerketten des Gelbildners .100 g of liquid manure was added to 7 g of CMS / SAP01 and mixed intensively. After about 2 minutes, the formation of a "liquid manure gel" with a pasty consistency is determined. The "liquid manure gel" is stable over a period of 4 days and then liquefies increasingly due to the breakdown of the polymer chains of the gel former.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch die Wirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Düngeverfahrens. Figur la verdeutlicht die herkömmliche Düngung: Die Gülle wird auf die Erdoberfläche aufgebracht. Nicht aufgenommene Nitrate u.a. gelangen mit dem Regenwasser durch Kanäle bis auf eine grundwasserführende Schicht. Figur lb zeigt die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Düngung: Die vergelte Gülle bleibt an der Erdoberfläche und gibt die Pflanzennährstoffe langsam und kontrolliert an die Umgebung ab Das Grundwasser bleibt unkontaminiert . Figure 1 shows schematically the effect of the fertilizing method according to the invention. Figure la illustrates the conventional fertilization: the manure is applied to the surface of the earth. Nitrates that have not been absorbed reach rainwater through channels down to a groundwater layer. FIG. 1b shows the advantages of the fertilization according to the invention: the gelled manure remains on the surface of the earth and releases the plant nutrients slowly and in a controlled manner to the environment. The groundwater remains uncontaminated.

Claims

Ansprüche : Expectations :
1. Verfahren zur kontrollierten Düngung mit natürlichen Düngestoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß flüssige oder einen hohen Flüssiganteil enthaltende tierische Ausscheidungen direkt vor dem bzw. beim Austrag der Gülle mit mindestens einer hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanz vermischt werden und das entstandene Gel auf die zu düngenden Flächen aufgebracht wird.1. A method for controlled fertilization with natural fertilizers, characterized in that liquid or animal waste containing a high proportion of liquid are mixed directly before or during the discharge of the manure with at least one hydrophilic, swellable substance and the resulting gel is applied to the surfaces to be fertilized becomes.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophile, quellfähige Substanz ausgewählt wird unter biologisch abbaubaren organischen Polymeren.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic, swellable substance is selected from biodegradable organic polymers.
3. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophile, quellfähige Substanz ausgewählt wird unter quervernetzten Substanzen, insbesondere unter quervernetzten Natriumpolyacrylaten und Polysacchariden oder Mischungen von Polysacchariden.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic, swellable substance is selected from cross-linked substances, in particular from cross-linked sodium polyacrylates and polysaccharides or mixtures of polysaccharides.
4. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den tierischen Ausscheidungen keine weiteren Zusatzstoffe beigemischt werden.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that no further additives are added to the animal excretions.
5. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vermischen der tierischen Ausscheidungen mit der hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanz mit Hilfe einer Strahlpumpe erfolgt.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the animal waste is mixed with the hydrophilic, swellable substance with the aid of a jet pump.
6. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Vermischen in einem Transportbehälter erfolgt, mit dem die tierischen Ausscheidungen an ihren Einsatzort gebracht werden können.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing takes place in a transport container with which the animal excretions can be brought to their place of use.
7. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den tierischen Ausscheidungen 4-10 Gew.-% der mindestens einen hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanz zugesetzt werden. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 4-10 wt .-% of the at least one hydrophilic, swellable substance are added to the animal excretions.
8. Verwendung von hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanzen als Bindemittel für flüssige oder einen hohen Flüssiganteil enthaltende tierische Ausscheidungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der tierischen Ausscheidung mindestens 4 Gew.-% des Bindemittels zugesetzt werden.8. Use of hydrophilic, swellable substances as binders for liquid or animal waste containing a high proportion of liquid, characterized in that at least 4% by weight of the binder is added to the animal waste.
9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hydrophilen, quellfähigen Substanzen biologisch abbaubare organische Polymere sind. 9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the hydrophilic, swellable substances are biodegradable organic polymers.
PCT/EP2000/008287 1999-08-27 2000-08-24 Use of substances capable of swelling as binding agents for liquid animal excreta and fertilization methods WO2001016055A1 (en)

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WO2002034695A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-02 Garrigue Jean Claude Process for producing transformed liquid manures
EP1612199A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-01-04 Greenfield Holding GmbH Process for storing and disposal of liquid manure
EP2165993A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-24 Thermphos Trading GmbH Composition and method for efficient uptake of plant growth nutrients
CN105086320A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-11-25 吴进 Curing deodorant and preparation method thereof
RU2618099C2 (en) * 2015-08-24 2017-05-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации" Method for obtaining integrated organomineral fertiliser

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WO2002034695A1 (en) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-02 Garrigue Jean Claude Process for producing transformed liquid manures
EP1612199A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2006-01-04 Greenfield Holding GmbH Process for storing and disposal of liquid manure
EP2165993A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-24 Thermphos Trading GmbH Composition and method for efficient uptake of plant growth nutrients
CN105086320A (en) * 2015-07-30 2015-11-25 吴进 Curing deodorant and preparation method thereof
RU2618099C2 (en) * 2015-08-24 2017-05-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации" Method for obtaining integrated organomineral fertiliser

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