WO2001022572A1 - Emetteur de signaux radioelectriques modules a polarisation d'amplification auto-adaptee - Google Patents
Emetteur de signaux radioelectriques modules a polarisation d'amplification auto-adaptee Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001022572A1 WO2001022572A1 PCT/FR2000/002628 FR0002628W WO0122572A1 WO 2001022572 A1 WO2001022572 A1 WO 2001022572A1 FR 0002628 W FR0002628 W FR 0002628W WO 0122572 A1 WO0122572 A1 WO 0122572A1
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- signals
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- modulated
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- bias voltage
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
- H03F1/0216—Continuous control
- H03F1/0222—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the input signal
- H03F1/0227—Continuous control by using a signal derived from the input signal using supply converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
- H03F1/0261—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the polarisation voltage or current, e.g. gliding Class A
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transmitter of radioelectric signals, known as modulated output signals, modulated at least in amplitude according to a discrete plurality of distinct amplitude levels predetermined from digital control signals comprising:
- modulation means suitable for converting the digital control signals into modulated signals, called modulated input signals
- solid-state power amplification means comprising at least one power transistor, including at least one output power transistor delivering modulated output signals
- - polarization means comprising at least one voltage source, and adapted to polarize each power transistor of the amplification means.
- Modulated radio signal transmitters have been known for a long time and can be extremely varied.
- the modulation can be phase and / or amplitude and / or frequency modulation.
- the modulated signals received at the input and those delivered at the output of the power amplification means have an amplitude which varies continuously so discrete, that is to say being able to take one of the values of a predetermined discrete plurality of distinct amplitude levels. Therefore, it is necessary to oversize the amplification means and to polarize the power transistors with a strong input recoil to avoid saturation and allow the different output powers to be delivered with good linearity.
- EER envelope elimination / restoration a technique known as EER envelope elimination / restoration in which the envelope of the modulated signals originating from the modulator is detected, the envelope of the modulated signals is eliminated using an amplitude limiter, the output power transistor is saturated with a high input power, a high frequency PWM ("pulsed width modulation") switching converter is used for polarization (the switching frequency must be very greater than that of the envelope of the modulated signals) which is controlled according to the envelope previously detected, so that the variation of the polarization provided by this converter makes it possible to restore the envelope on the signals modulated at the output of the transistor output power.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- This technique is however limited by the switching frequency values and is therefore not easily applicable to very high envelope frequencies, in particular in the field of high speed digital data transmissions (typically of several megabits per second or tens of megabits per second between space systems - notably satellites - and the Earth).
- the production of the envelope detector, the limiter, and the converter is relatively complex - in particular in the field of high-speed transmissions where the modulated signals have a microwave carrier.
- the document "MICROWAVE POWER AMPLIFIER EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT WITH A 10MHz HBT DC-DC CONVERTER” Gary Hanington et al, International Microwave Symposium, Baltimore, 1998 IEEE MTT-S Digest WE2C-6 p. 589-592 teaches to detect the power of the modulated input signal of the amplifier with an RF coupler and an envelope detector, and to control the value of the bias voltage of the supplied power amplification stage by a PWM switching converter. Again, this solution is limited in frequency (the modulated signals can have a variation spectrum not exceeding 2 MHz for a chopping frequency between 10 and 20 MHz). In addition, its implementation is relatively complex, especially when the modulated signals have a microwave carrier.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome all of these drawbacks and to propose a transmitter as mentioned and in which at minus the output power transistor (s) (in particular all the power transistors) present) an efficiency which remains optimized, that is to say is permanently the best possible, including for low levels of amplitude of the input signals, and which moreover is simple and inexpensive to produce and easily applicable in all frequency ranges of signal carrier -including in the microwave domain- and in all frequency variation domains signals - including for high speed transmissions -.
- the invention thus aims to allow the implementation of a modulation such as an amplitude modulation of the M-QAM type in quadrature with M states, M being a power of 2, generating modulated signals at the input of the amplification means, the amplitude of which varies according to a discrete plurality of amplitude levels, without substantially increasing the electrical consumption of the transmitter compared to other types of modulation in which the amplitude of the modulated input signals remains at least substantially constant, in a simple, economical way and applicable to all frequency domains, including microwave carriers and / or broadband transmissions.
- a modulation such as an amplitude modulation of the M-QAM type in quadrature with M states, M being a power of 2, generating modulated signals at the input of the amplification means, the amplitude of which varies according to a discrete plurality of amplitude levels, without substantially increasing the electrical consumption of the transmitter compared to other types of modulation in which the amplitude of the modulated input signals remains at least substantially constant, in a simple
- the invention aims in particular to propose such a transmitter which does not require the use of a PWM switching converter with a high switching frequency, and which does not in fact impose any particular constraint on the frequency or the switching technique, nor even the use of such a technique, to ensure the polarization of the power transistors.
- the invention also aims to propose such a transmitter in which the number of circuits crossed by the modulated signals, and which must transmit the carrier or be compatible with its frequency, is as low as possible.
- the invention aims to minimize the number of microwave circuits of the transmitter.
- the invention also aims to propose such a transmitter whose operation is reliable and precise, that is to say providing a modulated signal of amplitude level error-free.
- the invention also aims to propose such a transmitter which is in particular suitable for space transmissions and which can be advantageously integrated on board a spacecraft such as an artificial satellite - in particular a terrestrial microsatellite - in a simple and economical manner.
- the invention relates to a transmitter as mentioned above, and which is characterized in that the biasing means are adapted to be able to deliver, for at least one terminal to be biased from each output power transistor of the means amplification, a predetermined discrete plurality of distinct bias voltage levels, each bias voltage level being associated and adapted to at least one of said amplitude levels of the modulated output signals, and in that it comprises :
- analysis means adapted to develop in real time from the instantaneous value of the digital control signals, a signal, called the selection signal, the instantaneous value of which is representative of the instantaneous amplitude level to be taken by the modulated output signals to be transmitted corresponding to this instantaneous value of the digital control signals, the instantaneous value of the selection signal varying with the digital control signals according to a discrete plurality of values corresponding to the different amplitude levels of the modulated signals Release,
- - switching means receiving the selection signal and adapted to select and apply at each instant, on said terminal to be polarized, a polarization voltage delivered by the polarization means whose value is equal to the associated and adapted polarization voltage level at the amplitude level represented by the instantaneous value of the selection signal.
- the transmitter according to the invention can be produced in an extremely simple and economical manner, and in particular does not require any complex and efficient converter for the polarization of the power transistors.
- the transmitter according to the invention does not furthermore require any additional circuit crossed by the carrier, or compatible with the frequency of the carrier - in particular no microwave circuit when the carrier signal is in the microwave domain.
- the transmitter according to the invention in fact only comprises means for analyzing the digital control signals, and switching means, controlled at the rate of the amplitude variations of the modulated output signals. It should be noted in particular that the detection carried out to adapt in real time the bias voltage of each output power transistor does not intervene on analog signals or at the level of the modulation known in the prior art, which required relatively complex envelope detection.
- this detection is carried out by the analysis means from the instantaneous digital value of the digital control signals (baseband), by a determination - in particular by a logic circuit - of the amplitude level that the modulated signals of output must present to code this digital value, according to the modulation performed by the transmitter, whose characteristics and logic are also known.
- the invention does not use this determination (unlike the EER technique and to the document cited) to develop the selection signal, but uses complementary specific analysis means which determine and / or calculate in parallel in a logical manner from the digital control signals (baseband) the corresponding amplitude level to these digital control signals.
- the polarization means, the analysis means, and the switching means provide means for real-time adaptation of the polarization voltage delivered by the polarization means for at least one terminal of each output power transistor of the means. power amplification, according to the instantaneous value to be taken by the modulated output signals. And this adaptation is carried out not from the envelope of modulated signals originating from a modulation circuit, but from the digital control signals (baseband) to be transmitted. A much more precise and reliable adaptation is thus obtained, without additional high frequency circuit, and with simple and reliable polarization means.
- the polarization of the amplification means being controlled from digital signals, the errors or noises due to the modulation are not reflected on the operation of the power transistors, which is more reliable and precise.
- the biasing means delivering a discrete plurality of voltage levels are simpler, more economical and more reliable than in the prior art where it was necessary to use a PWM converter whose switching frequency and properties had to be adapted to allow supply of a voltage which may be continuously variable.
- the switching frequency, the characteristics and the performance of the biasing means which supply voltage levels which are always identical are in no way affected by the amplitude variations of the modulated signals.
- the invention involves a certain redundancy in determining the modulation amplitude levels, this redundancy does not make the transmitter more complex and in fact induces, on the contrary, a great simplification and increased performance, including in the microwave domain.
- the analysis means are formed by a logic electronic circuit suitable for determining, from the instantaneous digital value of the digital control signals, said instantaneous amplitude level and for developing the selection signal representative of this instantaneous amplitude level.
- the logic circuit is adapted, depending on the modulation used, to determine the amplitude level of the modulated output signals corresponding to each bit stream of the digital control signals. It is therefore a simple and reliable combinational logic, the results of which do not depend on the errors and noises of the analog circuits or of the microwave circuits.
- the invention relates to a transmitter as mentioned above comprising a modulation circuit adapted to convert the digital control signals into analog signals modulated, at least in amplitude, according to a discrete plurality of distinct amplitude levels predetermined, characterized in that the analysis means are adapted to develop and deliver, from the digital control signals, a selection signal whose instantaneous value is representative of the instantaneous amplitude level of the signals delivered by the modulation circuit .
- the amplitude modulation can be advantageously carried out by a specific circuit distinct from the power amplification means and the polarization means.
- the amplitude modulation can be carried out, partially or entirely, by the power amplification transistors, by virtue of the variations in the bias voltages.
- the modulation circuit may only perform phase modulation (known as "PSK").
- PSK phase modulation
- the influence of the amplification means in the amplitude modulation depends on the mounting of the power transistors, on the operating class, and on the way in which their different terminals are biased from the biasing means.
- the polarization voltages of two terminals of each transistor are varied simultaneously with the aid of the switching means (for example the drain bias voltage and the gate bias voltage for a common source field effect transistor).
- This double variation can be obtained at least in part by an appropriate choice of the operating class of the transistor, for example in class B for a field effect transistor. Conversely if only one terminal sees its bias voltage which varies, the power transistor will most often (except in class B) cause amplitude modulation of the modulated output signals.
- the modulation means are M-QAM amplitude modulation means in quadrature with M states, M being a power of 2. It should be noted that the number of amplitude levels is not not equal to the number of modulation states addressed in the complex plane. For example, for 16-QAM modulation, the modulated signals have only three amplitude levels.
- said discrete plurality of bias voltage levels comprises an integer N> 1 of bias voltage levels equal to the number of amplitude levels of said discrete plurality of amplitude levels of the modulated signals of output, each level of bias voltage being associated and adapted to one and only one amplitude level.
- the same level of bias voltage can be associated and adapted to several amplitude levels, for example if the amplitude levels can be grouped into several groups of neighboring levels.
- each level of bias voltage is adapted so that the efficiency of each output power transistor biased with this level of bias voltage is optimum for the amplitude level of the modulated SMS output signals that he delivers. More particularly, advantageously and according to the invention, each level of bias voltage is adapted so that each output power transistor biased with this level of bias voltage delivers an output power which is of the order of its starting power. saturation level for the amplitude of the modulated output signals it delivers.
- each output power transistor of the amplification means is a field effect transistor receiving modulated input signals on its gate and delivering the modulated output signals on its drain
- the polarization means are adapted to be able to deliver a discrete plurality of voltage levels VD of polarization of the drain
- the switching means are adapted to control the value of the voltage VD of polarization of the drain of each output power transistor according to the value of the selection signal.
- the polarization means are also adapted to be able to deliver a discrete plurality of voltage levels VG of polarization of the gate, and in that the switching means are adapted to control the value of the LV bias voltage of the gate of each output power transistor according to the value of the selection signal.
- the gain of the amplitude transistor can be kept at least substantially constant despite variations in the bias voltage of the drain.
- the bias voltage of the gate VG makes it possible to control the average intensity of the current in the drain.
- the same effect can be obtained at least partially automatically from the modulated input signals, if the power transistor is placed in an operating class which allows such self-adaptation of the gain, for example in class B
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a variation of the bias voltage of the drain and of the average intensity in the drain, making it possible to obtain the optimum efficiency for each amplitude level, including the levels. the weakest.
- the switching means are adapted to control the value of bias voltage of at least one terminal of predetermined nature (identical for all similarly mounted transistors) of each transistor according to the value of the selection signal. For example, the drain bias voltage of all the transistors mounted as a common source is controlled.
- each power transistor of each stage is controlled by the selection signal.
- the switching means are adapted to control only each power transistor of the output stage of the amplification means.
- Such a transmitter can find many applications and be suitable for many frequency ranges. It can nevertheless advantageously be adapted for transmitting signals with a carrier in the microwave domain, and capable of transmitting digital data with a bit rate between 1 Mbits / s and 100 Mbits / s.
- the invention also relates to a transmitter characterized in combination for all or part of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention appear from the following description which refers to the appended figures illustrating an exemplary embodiment, and in which:
- FIG. 1 is a general diagram of a transmitter according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation in the complex plane corresponding to an amplitude modulation with 16 states
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the variations of the output power and efficiency curves added according to the drain bias voltage VD of a field effect power transistor mounted as a common source
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a transmitter according to the invention.
- the transmitter according to the invention schematically represented in FIG. 1 receives digital data, called digital control signals 1, to be transmitted, which, in the example shown comprise four bits NI, N2, N3, N4.
- the digital control signals 1 are supplied to a digital / analog converter 2 which delivers two analog signals I, Q in quadrature, which, in turn, are supplied to a modulator circuit 3 whose output delivers signals, called modulated signals d SME input modulated on a carrier delivered by an oscillator 4 to the modulator circuit 3.
- the SME input modulated signals are supplied to a power amplifier 5 comprising at least one power transistor 6, including at least one output power transistor which delivers modulated SMS output signals supplied to a transmitting antenna (not shown).
- Each power transistor 6 of the amplification means 5 is biased by biasing means 7 providing the bias bias voltages VD and gate VG of the field effect power transistors 6.
- These polarization means 7 comprise a DC voltage source 8, which is for example the unregulated bar on board a satellite, or a storage battery or cells, converter means 9 to PWM chopping adapted to be able to deliver a predetermined discrete plurality of distinct bias voltage levels for the drain bias voltage and / or for the gate bias voltage, and switching means 10 adapted to apply at each instant to each of the terminals to bias a bias voltage from the converter means 9.
- a logic analysis circuit 11 collects the digital control signals 1, and is adapted to develop in real time, from the instantaneous value of the digital control signals, a selection signal SS whose instantaneous value is representative of the level d instantaneous amplitude to be taken by the modulated SMS output signals to be transmitted corresponding to this instantaneous value of the digital control signals 1.
- the modulator circuit 3 is a modulator, called 16 QAM, carrying out an amplitude modulation with 16 states.
- the amplitude of the signal can in fact take three distinct values A1, A2, A3.
- the analysis logic circuit 11 which delivers a selection signal SS formed of 3 control bits B1, B2, B3 corresponding respectively to each of the amplitude levels A1, A2, A3.
- the selection signal SS is representative of the amplitude level A1, A2, A3 of the modulated output signals SMS.
- This selection signal SS is supplied to the switching means 10.
- FIG. 4 shows in more detail the circuit making it possible to deliver the drain bias voltage VD to the amplification means 5.
- the converter means 9 are adapted to supply three distinct drain bias voltages VD1, VD2, VD3, regulated by the converter means, and corresponding respectively to the amplitude levels A1, A2, A3 of the modulated SMS output signals.
- the value of these bias voltages can be determined to adapt the operation of the power transistor 6 so that the latter has the best efficiency, depending on the input power Pe it receives on its grid.
- the modulated input signals are amplitude modulated by the modulator circuit 3 and therefore also have three distinct amplitude levels corresponding to the three amplitude levels A1, A2, A3 of the modulated SMS output signals.
- FIG. 3 shows the different curves representative of the output power Ps as a function of the input power Pe of a field effect output power transistor, according to the different bias voltages VD1, VD2, VD3. From a certain value of the input power, the power transistor exhibits a saturation phenomenon.
- FIG. 3 also shows the curves illustrating the variations in the added efficiency ⁇ aj of the power transistor as a function of the input power Pe. As can be seen, when the drain bias voltage VD varies, the added efficiency ⁇ aj does not vary in maximum value, but shifts, the maximum of its efficiency always being located in the vicinity of the start of saturation of the transistor.
- the bias voltage VD3 (of greater value) is chosen so that the output power Ps (A3) corresponding to the highest amplitude level A3 takes the value of the output power at the start of saturation, the efficiency added then being maximum.
- the bias voltage VD2 is adapted so that the corresponding output power Ps (A2) is located at the point of the start of saturation, the efficiency added for this bias voltage VD being at its maximum. And the same is done for the voltage VD1 for which the output power Ps (Al) of the lowest amplitude level is located at the saturation limit value, the added efficiency still being at its maximum value.
- the switching means 10 comprise a switching circuit 12 receiving the different voltage values VD1, VD2, VD3 from the converters 9, as well as the selection signal SS via an adaptation circuit 13 which makes it possible to control when switching three field effect transistors 14 used as switches of the switching circuit 12.
- These three transistors 14 are MOSFET transistors receiving at their source the voltage coming from the converter 9 via a non-return diode 15.
- the adaptation circuit 13 receives the three digital signals B1, B2, B3 of the selection signal SS and comprises, for each of them, an amplifier 16 supplying the base of a bipolar transistor 17 whose emitter is connected to ground and the collector is connected to the gate of the corresponding MOSFET transistor 14, and, via a resistor 18, between the source of the MOSFET transistor 14 and the diode 15. In this way, when the bit Bl e st equal to 1, the corresponding switching transistor 14 is in the on state and the switching circuit supplies the voltage VD1.
- the bits B2 and B3 being both equal to zero, the other two transistors 14 are in the off state.
- this node 19 receives only one of the bias voltage VD1, VD2, VD3, and this as a function of the value of the bits B1, B2, B3 of the signal SS selection, itself determined to be representative of the amplitude level A1, A2, A3 of the modulated SMS output signals.
- the switching means 10 therefore select and apply to node 19 the optimum drain bias voltage level for the output power transistor 6. Under these conditions, it is understood that the added efficiency ⁇ aj of the power transistor 6 is always optimum.
- the switching means 10 and the converter means 9, as well as the logic analysis circuit 11, are extremely simple circuits which in no way convey the high frequency signals.
- the invention can be the subject of various variants with respect to the embodiment described above and represented in the figures.
- the gate bias voltage VG can also be controlled, in a similar manner, so that the modulated output signals SMS do not have their amplitude modified according to the variations in the drain bias voltage VD. This result can also be obtained at least in part by choosing an appropriate operating class of the output power transistor 6, for example class B.
- the modulator circuit 3 is not an amplitude modulator circuit, that is to say only performs a phase modulation of PSK type, so that the signals EMS input modules always have at least substantially the same level of amplitude.
- Amplitude modulation can then be carried out by the amplification means 5 by choosing appropriate values of the different levels of bias voltage VD delivered to node 19 for the power transistors 6. Indeed, the different levels of bias voltage drain values vary like digital control signals 1 and the corresponding amplitude level for modulated SMS output signals.
- the modulation means are therefore partly formed of the amplification means 5, and of the analysis and switching means 11 and 10.
- the invention is applicable to other types of modulation than 16-QAM modulation, and in particular with a modulation having a greater number of states (32-QAM, 64-QAM ).
- drain bias voltage levels lower than the number of amplitude levels of the modulated output signals, for example when these different amplitude levels can be grouped by close levels, or when it is admitted, for certain amplitude levels, that the drain bias voltage is not perfectly optimal. For example, one could use only one level of bias voltage for several lowest amplitude levels (especially when using modulation having a large number of states).
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00964349A EP1214780B1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | Emetteur de signaux radioelectriques modules a polarisation d'amplification auto-adaptee |
AT00964349T ATE240607T1 (de) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | Sender für funksignale, die mit einer autoadaptiven verstärkerspolarisation moduliert werden |
US10/088,797 US7103114B1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | Modulated radio signal transmitter with self-adapted amplification polarization |
DE60002738T DE60002738T2 (de) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | Sender für funksignale, die mit einer autoadaptiven verstärkerspolarisation moduliert werden |
JP2001525833A JP2003510874A (ja) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | 増幅の自動適合バイアスを備えた変調無線信号送信器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9911943A FR2799063B1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 1999-09-24 | Emetteur de signaux radioelectriques modules a polarisation d'amplification auto-adaptee |
FR99/11943 | 1999-09-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001022572A1 true WO2001022572A1 (fr) | 2001-03-29 |
Family
ID=9550205
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2000/002628 WO2001022572A1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 | 2000-09-22 | Emetteur de signaux radioelectriques modules a polarisation d'amplification auto-adaptee |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7103114B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1214780B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003510874A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE240607T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60002738T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2799063B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001022572A1 (fr) |
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- 2000-09-22 WO PCT/FR2000/002628 patent/WO2001022572A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-22 AT AT00964349T patent/ATE240607T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-22 DE DE60002738T patent/DE60002738T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-22 US US10/088,797 patent/US7103114B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
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EP1341300A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-03 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Amplificateur de puissance à courant de repos ajustable |
JP2005530387A (ja) * | 2002-06-11 | 2005-10-06 | スカイワークス ソリューションズ,インコーポレイテッド | 供給とバイアスの増幅による電力増幅システム |
JP2011239457A (ja) * | 2002-06-11 | 2011-11-24 | Skyworks Solutions Inc | 供給とバイアスの増幅による電力増幅システム |
WO2004032345A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-03 | 2004-04-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Procede d'emission et emetteur |
US7263135B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2007-08-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Transmitting method and transmitter apparatus |
CN100411307C (zh) * | 2002-10-03 | 2008-08-13 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 发送方法及发送装置 |
US8669811B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2014-03-11 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Radio-frequency power amplifier with fast envelope tracking |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2799063A1 (fr) | 2001-03-30 |
JP2003510874A (ja) | 2003-03-18 |
ATE240607T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
FR2799063B1 (fr) | 2001-12-21 |
DE60002738T2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
US7103114B1 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
EP1214780A1 (fr) | 2002-06-19 |
EP1214780B1 (fr) | 2003-05-14 |
DE60002738D1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
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