WO2001065789A1 - Procede et dispositif d'estimation d'un canal de propagation - Google Patents
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- WO2001065789A1 WO2001065789A1 PCT/FR2001/000542 FR0100542W WO0165789A1 WO 2001065789 A1 WO2001065789 A1 WO 2001065789A1 FR 0100542 W FR0100542 W FR 0100542W WO 0165789 A1 WO0165789 A1 WO 0165789A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
- H04L25/0228—Channel estimation using sounding signals with direct estimation from sounding signals
- H04L25/023—Channel estimation using sounding signals with direct estimation from sounding signals with extension to other symbols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for estimating the parameters of a propagation channel, for decoding digital signals, using a training or reference sequence known to the receiver.
- the signals are transmitted in successive frames, each frame being partitioned into a determined number of time slots.
- the invention applies, for example, to demodulate a wideband or spread spectrum digital signal.
- the invention finds its application in the field of cellular networks operating on the principle of "CDMA" (English abbreviation for Code Division Multiple Access), such as networks based on the IS95 standard in service for several years in the USA, or even those based on the UTMS standard (English abbreviation for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) which should be operational in Europe at least by the year 2002. It applies in particular within the framework of mobile radiocommunications.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- each user Upon reception, each user (or transmission channel) is demodulated by a correlation operation with its spreading code, known to the receiver.
- This processing is a suitable filtering which provides a reception gain equal to the ratio between the spread band and the initial useful band shown in FIG. 1.
- the CDMA concept allows not only multiple access (large combinatorial offered by pseudo-random codes, to assign a different code to each user) but also increased robustness to interference (intentional or not) and poor propagation conditions (paths multiple, fading, ).
- T m is the temporal spreading of the channel and if W is the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, then it is theoretically possible to isolate in reception T m W components (a bandwidth W allows in reception, by correlation, to isolate paths with a time resolution equal to 1 / W), which physically correspond to the different propagation paths. All or part of these components are independent and it is possible to recombine them so as to increase or maximize the signal to noise ratio.
- a diversity effect is thus obtained exploiting the statistical independence of the different propagation paths constituting the received signal. This diversity technique was initially proposed by Price and Green in 1958, who gave the name of RAKE receptor to optimal treatment (the receptor isolates each path and then makes a recombination, hence the analogy with a garden rake).
- This processing which coherently sums all the paths, simply consists of a filtering adapted to the received signal, that is to say adapted to the channel (we show that this processing is optimal when we consider the reception of a single user or code, all the other users constituting a noise having the property of being white and Gaussian).
- the implementation of the RAKE receiver therefore supposes the knowledge of the impulse response of the channel, that is to say the complex amplitudes of all the paths. In practice, it is possible to have an estimate of these amplitudes which takes into account the different characteristics of the propagation channel (time spread, fading) and in particular its different fluctuation scales (fast fading and slow fading).
- the first scale corresponds to fast fading (or Rayleigh fading), which induces a variation of the amplitudes and phases of the paths after a time of the order of the coherence time of the channel (inverse of the Doppler band of the channel).
- this decorrelation time time interval for which two realizations of the complex amplitude of a path are decorrelated
- this delay times of the journeys are constant.
- the second fluctuation scale corresponds to slow fading (or long-term fading), due to masking effects and changes in the environment. This phenomenon induces on the one hand a modification of the average power of the paths, and on the other hand a significant evolution of the delay times of the paths; journeys are also likely to appear and others to disappear.
- the decorrelation time (or decorrelation distance) associated with slow fading depends on the channel, that is to say on the type of environment in which the mobile operates. In practice, this decorrelation time is much higher (at least an order of magnitude) than that associated with fast fading.
- the object of the invention relates to a method allowing the dynamic estimation of the propagation channel, taking into account the various fluctuations mentioned previously, with the aim of demodulating a digital signal.
- the process applies in particular in the following cases:
- the time spread of the channel is less than the duration of a useful bit.
- the inter-symbol interference can be neglected and the implementation of an equalizer downstream from the RAKE receiver is not necessary.
- Each useful bit or symbol is demodulated independently of the other useful bits or symbols;
- the channel can be considered constant for the duration of a useful bit or symbol (T CO erence »T, where T coherence is the coherence time of the channel).
- symbol designates an information unit
- learning symbol or “pilot” corresponds to an information unit of the known signal
- the invention relates to a method for estimating a propagation channel, between a data transmission source and a receiver, using at least one training sequence comprising symbols known as “pilot symbols”, said sequence being known. of the receiver, to decode a data signal (digital signal), the signals being transmitted in successive frames, each frame being partitioned into a determined number of time slots. It is characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: a) choosing a search window, estimating the complex amplitude and the energy of each predominant path k located in the search window during the duration of each of the time slots and demodulating the data bits (useful bits), b) updating the energy of each possible path of the search window every K slots, and c) selecting all the K * L slots, the preponderant energy paths k.
- the invention also relates to a device making it possible to estimate a propagation channel between a transmission means and a reception means in order to demodulate the useful data received. It is characterized in that it comprises at least one microprocessor or device suitable for implementing the method according to the invention, the signal possibly being a spread signal and being demodulated according to the RAKE principle.
- the device and the method according to the invention apply to demodulate a spread band signal of CDMA type, such as a signal of UMTS type.
- the method according to the invention notably offers the advantage of having one or more estimated parameters of a propagation channel "in real time", of updating these parameters in order to improve the demodulation of the signals received by a receiver operating on the RAKE principle.
- the improvement consists in particular in overcoming variations in the parameters of the channel such as time spread, variation in amplitude and in phase of a path.
- FIG. 1 represents a diagram spectrum spreading
- FIG. 2 diagrams a waveform for the uplink of a transmitter to a receiver
- FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows a synoptic transmission-reception of a UTMS wave according to the invention
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows the periods of realization of the three stages of the method according to the invention on the frame of a signal
- FIG. 5 is an example of a flow diagram of an estimation of a propagation channel implemented in the mode of the invention more particularly described below, and • Figures 6 to 9 detail the steps of Figure 5 in the form of flowcharts.
- g Ts is the pulse used to convey the information, assumed to be rectangular here for the sake of simplicity:
- the propagation channel consists of N, paths, of complex amplitudes a k e ) ok and of propagation time ⁇ k , with Vi ⁇ > T C
- the received signal (baseband complex) has the expression:
- n (t) represents the thermal noise, assumed centered Gaussian complex, temporally white and decorrelated from the useful signal, of spectral density N 0 .
- RAKE The principle of RAKE is to isolate the contributions of each path and then recombine them in phase coherence so as to optimize the signal to noise ratio.
- the inter-symbol interference is negligible, in other words that the duration of a symbol is large compared to the time spread of the channel. This assumption is often verified in practice and is adopted, explicitly or implicitly, by most authors.
- the RAKE receiver will therefore be implemented independently on each symbol d k .
- the contribution of a path is obtained by correlating the received signal with the spreading code offset by the delay of the path considered, assumed to be known.
- the spreading code is designed so that two offset versions, of a time greater than the duration of the chip, are approximately decorrelated (inter-path interference is thus minimized): ⁇ s J j ( ( Ts ) c ( •• t - ⁇ , i) 'c ( • » t - X j ) dt ⁇ - N « 1 pourl ⁇ . - ⁇ J ⁇ T ,. (P,)
- the optimal RAKE receiver therefore calculates, for the symbol k, the quantity (assuming perfect the estimation of the channel parameters):
- the signal to noise ratio obtained is:
- RAKE processing is optimal in the absence of interference between symbols (in the strict sense, this means that the propagation channel contains only one path or that the autocorrelation function of the code is ideal) and if the noise ( thermal noise + inter-user interference) is white (which means that the codes of the different users are orthogonal for all possible time offsets).
- FIG. 2 describes a UTMS type waveform used for the uplink, that is to say from a mobile station to a base station.
- the structure of the wave frame is composed for example of several slots Si or time slots, i being the index of the slot.
- Each slot comprises the useful data corresponding to the DPDCH slot (abbreviated to English Dedicated Physical Data Channel), for example the Ndata number and the control data or DPCCH slot (abbreviated to Dedicated Physical Control Channel) which are transmitted in parallel via a complex multiplexing on phase and quadrature channels.
- the useful data are transmitted on the "in phase” channel (channel I) (FIG. 3) and the control data are transmitted on the "quadrature” channel (Q channel) on this same figure 3.
- the useful and control data are modulated for example in BPSK
- Each frame, of duration 10 ms, consists for example of 16 time slots of duration 0.625 ms.
- the control sequence shown schematically in Figure 2 is composed of
- Npilot bits known to the receiver used in the method of channel estimation according to the invention control bits used for power control Ntpc bits, and bits indicating the bit rate used on the payload channel Nri bits.
- the total number of control bits is for example fixed at 10.
- the digital distribution and the arrangement of these three types of control will be fixed for example by the UMTS standard exposed in the reference [5] ETSI, “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ( UMTS); UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA); Concept evaluation ", UMTS 30.06 version 3.0.0, TR 101 146 V3.0.0 (1997-12).
- the useful and control data bits are for example spread by orthogonal Walsh codes [5], so as to join the chip or pulse rate at 4.096 MHz.
- the spreading factor (or spreading gain) used for the useful bits is chosen for example as a function of their bit rate, the lower the useful input bit rate, the lower this spreading factor.
- the spreading factor SF 256/2 k .
- the spreading factor can therefore take values between 256 and 4.
- the spreading factors relating to the data channel and to the control channel can be different insofar as the number of bits or symbols carried by slot may be different.
- FIG. 3 represents a diagram of spreading, modulation and scrambling of a signal.
- the signal is scrambled by a primary scrambling code linked to the mobile station (C ' scramb ) -
- the resulting signal can, optionally, be scrambled a second time by a secondary scrambling code (C'scramb) -
- the primary scrambling code is a complex code generated from KASAMI (ref) sequences of length 256.
- the secondary scrambling code is 40,960 chips long (10 ms duration) and constitutes a segment of a code of Gold (ref) of length 2 41 - 1.
- the signal transmitted from the mobile station is formatted in the block
- This base or reception station comprises a reception filter 13 followed by a reception block 14 comprising for example a receiver 15 of the RAKE type and means such as a microprocessor 16 programmed for implementing the steps of the method according to the invention, in order to estimate the parameters of the propagation channel and demodulate the digital signals.
- the principle of the invention is to demodulate the useful bits or symbols using a demodulation algorithm consisting of two parts, the first consists in estimating the channel and the second in demodulating the useful symbols or bits.
- the characteristics of the propagation channels such as time spread, Doppler spread can be arbitrary.
- the second part is carried out according to the RAKE algorithm known to those skilled in the art, details can be found in the aforementioned Proakis reference.
- the estimation of the channel is carried out by implementing an algorithm comprising at least the three steps described below.
- steps are carried out for example by processing the digital signal received after filtering adapted to reception by the function of shaping the pulses of Nyquist root type for example and correcting a possible Doppler shift.
- the selected paths correspond to the paths selected during the third step or for the initialization of selected paths by comparing the energy of a path with a threshold value, * "demodulates the useful bits by phase recombination of these paths.
- the method updates the energy of the paths whose delays belong to the search window with a given analysis step. This step combined with the third step allows long-term monitoring of the paths present in the window.
- the periods of realization ⁇ t-, ⁇ t 2 , ⁇ t 3 of these steps expressed in seconds are for example chosen to verify the relation ⁇ t-> ⁇ t 2 > ⁇ t 3 .
- X ' is the conjugate complex of the scalar or the vector X
- x 1 * y is the scalar product (Euclidean or Hermitian) of the vectors x and y
- the vector x described between index_start and index_end with a resol step is noted: x (index_start: index_end: resol)
- the sample file is composed of complex samples obtained after half-Nyquist filtering ( transmission) and oversampling of the UMTS signal.
- the file obtained is composed of a file of demodulated and despread data bits (complex values). These bits are ready to be decided, for example according to the principle stated above.
- the process takes place according to steps 21 to 27 of the flow diagram shown in FIG. 5. These steps are applied for each time slot, that is to say every ⁇ ti seconds.
- the method begins with an initialization step 20 of different values, in particular: the size of the search window expressed in seconds and in samples: Taille_fen_rech, Etal_temp_max; the delay sub-sampling factor Sous_ech_retard; the forget factor ⁇ used during the second step, the threshold value Threshold_power for the selection of journeys during the third step ; the frequency of updating the powers K and the factor for updating the delays L.
- It also includes the initialization of a table comprising the predominant paths determined for example by comparing the energy of a path with the threshold value and by retaining only the paths whose energy is greater than this threshold value.
- the samples are filtered using a half-Nyquist type filter, for example.
- the method begins in step 21 by calculating the complex amplitude of the paths selected during the third step.
- the complex amplitudes are obtained for example by correlation between the received pilot symbols (which are spread) and the code relating to the control bits (product of the spreading code and of the primary scrambling code), the elimination of the contribution of the pilot bits and averaging (by simple summation of the estimated amplitudes obtained with each of the symbols) on the pilot N_symbol which in particular makes it possible to increase the signal / noise ratio.
- the correlations carried out take into account, at the signal level of the pilot symbols received, the delay times identified during step 3.
- CorreIation_pilote (k, j) Code_etaI_control * SignaI (Ind_debut_demod
- Step 32 Calculate the amplitude of the complex channel
- Channel _ estimated (k) pilot ⁇ k, j)
- step 22 is a step of demodulating useful symbols comprising a step of despreading and demodulation according to the RAKE principle, and the sequence of steps described below and in FIG. 7:
- Step 35 Calculation of useful symbols demodulated by RAKE recombination
- Symbol_data_demod (j) Estimated_Channel (1: Nbjrajets) 1 * Correlation lata (l: Nbjrajets, j)
- step 37 the correlation between each pilot symbol received and the control code, for all the possible delays included in the search window and with a given resolution.
- the resolution varies for example between the duration of the sample and the duration of the chip.
- the search window is for example centered on the current center of the impulse response of the channel, the center being determined for example in step 3, and its size being equal to twice the maximum time spread taken into account by the algorithm.
- a second step the method averages the complex amplitudes estimated at the level of the pilot symbol, over all of the pilot symbols, so as to increase the quality of the estimation, this for all the possible paths.
- step 39 calculates the instantaneous power C (k) of these paths (square of the module of complex amplitudes) which is used to obtain the average power C
- ⁇ is a forgetting factor whose value, like that of the parameter K, must be chosen according to the characteristics of the propagation channel.
- This smoothing overcomes rapid fading, which can occasionally cause a drop in the instantaneous power of a strong trip.
- This update begins with the determination of a table, step 37 containing, for all the possible delay times located in the search window and for each pilot symbol, the correlations between the pilot symbols received and the spreading sequence of control lo
- Ind_debut_demod Ind_centre enetre + (d-1) * GE_contrbal x
- Correlation_pilote (kj) Code_etal_control ⁇
- the next step 38 consists for each journey in the search window in averaging the correlations on the Nb_symboles_pilot, in calculating the modulus of the correlation and in updating the average energy of the journey.
- Correl _ pilot _ avg (k) pilot (k, j)
- Ests_inst_trajet (k) module (Correl_pilot_moy (k))
- Power kerjtrajet (k) ⁇ * Power_moy: rajet (k) + Power nstjirajet (k) 2
- step 39 corresponds to the calculation of the complex amplitude of the channel
- Step 3 or third step of the process is carried out every K * L slots, every ⁇ t 3 seconds for example by scrolling detailed in FIG. 9 composing step 24 for updating the predominant routes which are used during the first step of the method for demodulating the received signals.
- the progress of these steps begins, for example, as follows: a step 50 for calculating the maximum average power, followed by a step 51 for selecting all the paths for which the ratio between their average power and the average power exceeds one threshold, for example 0.5.
- the method continues with a step 52 of choosing the best sampling comb, the paths retained in fine are separated by an integer number of chips.
- the method determines, for example then using steps and methods known to those skilled in the art, the number of paths selected on the best comb and the vector Delays of the indices of the paths selected, step 53 .
- Step 54 consists in calculating the complex amplitude of the selected paths.
- the following step 55 comprises an update of the center of the search window, of tables containing the values of the delays and of the average powers for the selected paths.
- Step 50 Calculation of the maximum average power (among all possible routes)
- Power noy_max MAX (Puiss_moy_trajet)
- Step 51 Selection of journeys whose average power exceeds the threshold
- Step 52 - Determination of the best sampling comb Firstly, calculate the cumulative average power over all the paths exceeding the threshold and located on the same sampling comb (the paths of a given comb are separated by a number whole crisps)
- Step 53 - from the selected routes the method calculates using steps known to those skilled in the art
- Nb_trajets_max the number of journey paths selected on the best comb, which it can compare to a determined number for example Nb_trajets_max, and • the Delays vector (l: Nb_trajets) of the indices of the paths retained on the best comb.
- the method then calculates during step 54 and for the paths selected in step 52 The complex amplitude or the estimate of the current channel
- Step 55 includes updating the center of the impulse response of the current channel so as to update the position of the center of the search window by calculating the average delay:
- Average delay 0.5 * (Delaysd) + Delays (Nbjrajects)) And the update of the Delays and Power tables, as well as the update of the index of the center of the search window lnd_centre_fenetre
- the method processes the time slot or slot using a method known to those skilled in the art to determine the amplitude and the phase of each of the journeys during step 26 in figure 5 before performing steps 21 and 22.
- the parameters K, L, ⁇ ti, ⁇ t 2 , ⁇ t 3 as well as the other internal parameters, in particular the size of the search window, the step for searching for delays considered in the second step, the maximum number of journeys taken into account for RAKE recombination, the threshold for path selection must be chosen according to the characteristics of the propagation channel and the compromise between performance and digital complexity to be respected.
- the learning or reference sequence is transmitted sequentially or in parallel to that of the useful data.
- the channel is for example estimated several times by time slot, the step of estimating the complex amplitude being carried out using a number of learning symbols less than the total number of learning symbols available on a time slot.
- This method of implementing the method is particularly advantageous for very rapidly fluctuating channels. It is also possible to make interpolation, so as to have at any time an estimate of a channel (linear filtering from several estimated values of the channel).
- the method comprises for example a step of deciding the demodulated bits, these decided bits being able to be used to improve the estimation of the channel.
- the learning symbols can be consecutive or be distant in time. For example, other control symbols can be inserted between the learning symbols.
- the estimation of the channel is obtained for example by simple correlation of the pilot symbols received with the spread learning sequence, which implicitly supposes that the spread learning sequence is white, its auto-correlation function being a Dirac. It is also possible to take account of the non-ideal nature of the training sequence by correlating the pilot symbols received with a bleached version of the training sequence.
- the paths selected during the third step are not separated by an integer of chip duration.
- the temporal resolution during the search for the paths is equal to T c / (Nb_ech_chip / Sous_ech_retard) where T c is the duration of the chip.
- the possible values of the temporal resolution of search for the paths are T c 12, T c 14 and T c .
- This value means that any propagation path whose average power is greater than half of the maximum average power, is selected.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/204,425 US7103093B2 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-02-23 | Method and device for estimating a propagation channel |
EP01909892A EP1260071B1 (fr) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-02-23 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation d'un canal de propagation |
AU2001237489A AU2001237489A1 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-02-23 | Method and device for estimating channel propagation |
DE60132561T DE60132561D1 (de) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung für kanalschäztung |
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FR00/02548 | 2000-02-29 | ||
FR0002548A FR2805689B1 (fr) | 2000-02-29 | 2000-02-29 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation d'un canal de propagation |
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WO2001065789A1 true WO2001065789A1 (fr) | 2001-09-07 |
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PCT/FR2001/000542 WO2001065789A1 (fr) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-02-23 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation d'un canal de propagation |
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US (1) | US7103093B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1260071B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE385112T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2001237489A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60132561D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2805689B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001065789A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2003036839A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-01 | The Research Institute Of Telecommunication Transmission, Mii | Procede de traitement de signal multi-trajet et dispositif utilisant une recherche de trajet lente et une estimation de canal rapide multi-fenetre |
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JP4242606B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-20 | 2009-03-25 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | 通信制御システム、通信制御方法、移動局及び基地局 |
US8315212B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2012-11-20 | Broadcom Corporation | Energy based communication path selection |
US8867676B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2014-10-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for controlling interference suppressing receivers |
US20060269024A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-30 | Francis Dominique | Initial multi-path acquisition of random access channels |
US7764656B2 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2010-07-27 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Methods of multipath acquisition for dedicated traffic channels |
US7929499B2 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2011-04-19 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Methods of multipath acquisition for dedicated traffic channels |
US7856071B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2010-12-21 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Multi-path acquisition in the presence of very high data rate users |
US8295328B2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2012-10-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Doppler frequency control of G-rake receiver |
US7852197B2 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-12-14 | Sensomatic Electronics, LLC | System and method for inhibiting detection of deactivated labels using detection filters having an adaptive threshold |
EP2420012A4 (fr) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-10-03 | Raytheon Co | Architecture distribuée de récepteur à combinaison du rapport maximal |
EP2420002A4 (fr) * | 2009-04-17 | 2015-01-07 | Raytheon Co | Système de communication incorporant une structure de forme d'onde de couche physique |
US8837652B2 (en) | 2010-12-31 | 2014-09-16 | Raytheon Company | Receiver synchronization in radio communication systems employing transmit diversity |
JP5853995B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-10 | 2016-02-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 協調スペクトラムセンシング方法および車載無線通信装置 |
US9544013B2 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-01-10 | Tejas Networks Ltd. | Channel encoding based on temporal spreading of input block |
CN107404359A (zh) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-28 | 重庆邮电大学 | 高斯白噪声下mc‑cdma信号信源数估计 |
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- 2000-02-29 FR FR0002548A patent/FR2805689B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-02-23 AU AU2001237489A patent/AU2001237489A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-23 WO PCT/FR2001/000542 patent/WO2001065789A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-23 US US10/204,425 patent/US7103093B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-23 AT AT01909892T patent/ATE385112T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-23 EP EP01909892A patent/EP1260071B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 DE DE60132561T patent/DE60132561D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US5754599A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1998-05-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for coherent channel estimation in a communication system |
EP0942561A2 (fr) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-15 | Nec Corporation | Pas adaptatif pour estimation de canal |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003036839A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-01 | The Research Institute Of Telecommunication Transmission, Mii | Procede de traitement de signal multi-trajet et dispositif utilisant une recherche de trajet lente et une estimation de canal rapide multi-fenetre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1260071A1 (fr) | 2002-11-27 |
US20030053522A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
FR2805689A1 (fr) | 2001-08-31 |
DE60132561D1 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
EP1260071B1 (fr) | 2008-01-23 |
AU2001237489A1 (en) | 2001-09-12 |
ATE385112T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
US7103093B2 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
FR2805689B1 (fr) | 2003-07-04 |
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