WO2001069464A1 - Marche electronique - Google Patents

Marche electronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001069464A1
WO2001069464A1 PCT/EP2001/002659 EP0102659W WO0169464A1 WO 2001069464 A1 WO2001069464 A1 WO 2001069464A1 EP 0102659 W EP0102659 W EP 0102659W WO 0169464 A1 WO0169464 A1 WO 0169464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
market
order
parameters
vending machine
transfer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/002659
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kristian Dicke
Original Assignee
Kristian Dicke
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kristian Dicke filed Critical Kristian Dicke
Publication of WO2001069464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001069464A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic marketplace for the computerized continuous trade in products and services that can be represented by a predetermined number of product-specific parameters, in particular a method and a vending machine for computerized trade in these products and services.
  • product-specific parameters are set by the marketplace in such a way that the individual products are comparable with one another and therefore tradable.
  • the marketplace thus defines a product standard or a product class through the product parameters.
  • This product standard defined by the marketplace is comparable to an industrial standard or an ISO standard: a standard specifies the number and type of material features - for screws, for example, the diameter, length, strength - and within the property features the number and grading of the characteristics Characteristics - the length and diameter gradations, the strength classes - are binding. Screws with identical characteristics, i.e. with the same diameter and length as well as the same thread and the same material class, are interchangeable regardless of the manufacturer. The generic system extends this principle to any products and services.
  • Market participants virtually meet on an electronic marketplace to offer, trade and sell goods there. To do this, market participants can place offers to buy or sell the goods in the marketplace, check the existing offers and react to them with new offers. If if a market participant finally discovers an acceptable offer, he can accept it and thus initiate a contract.
  • a model which is referred to in the following community model, works like a bulletin board.
  • certain customers and providers are targeted, to whom industry-specific information is made available on a specific computer that can be selected electronically via data communication lines.
  • catalog Another market model is the so-called catalog.
  • a large number of product data including various suppliers, is combined and made available in a single so-called sales channel in order to enable buyers to compare the offers.
  • the sales channel is again accessible via data communication lines.
  • Extended search functions for customers are often provided for the catalog models.
  • a disadvantage of the catalog model is that the prices are fixed by the provider and there is no room for negotiation for the applicant or customer.
  • auction models are also widespread in the electronic marketplaces. These models allow different buyers to bid in competition for products from certain sellers.
  • the electronic marketplace on which the auction module is implemented is also accessible via data communication lines. Moved depending on the auction model the price just goes up or just goes down. What all auction models have in common, however, is that there is no guarantee for the seller that he will really auction his product and that he will achieve a certain price. Another problem with auction models is that at the time of the auction, the product that the buyer needs is not necessarily offered in the auction.
  • Auction models are usually used when inconsistent products, especially unique items, are to be sold, the price of which cannot be determined by the seller due to a lack of comparison options with similar products.
  • an auction relates to a buying or selling situation in which a provider faces a large number of customers or applicants.
  • a typical auction model for an electronic marketplace in the trading of various types of non-standardized products is described in US Pat. No. 6,021,398.
  • the auction model there is able to match the purchase offers of a large number of buyers with the sales offer of a seller.
  • the purchase offers and the sale offers can contain complicated rules for the dependencies between price, quantity and composition of the objects.
  • the disadvantage of this system is that an auction is a one-off event that takes place on a specific auction date. At an auction, the buyer can also not count on getting the auctioned goods at a certain price.
  • the auction model of US 6,021, 398 furthermore does not take into account all of the costs underlying a sales offer or a purchase offer.
  • the auction model of US 6,021, 398 only takes into account an auction situation with only one provider, but not a trading situation with a large number of suppliers and a large number of applicants.
  • Another auction system is known from US 5,890,138. This system is also an auction system in which an offer is confronted with a large number of applicants.
  • the object of the present invention to increase the security for the market participants that they can actually buy or sell the products on the electronic marketplace.
  • the invention is based on the object of realizing the costs incurred in such transactions between market participants in a more realistic manner.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention for an electronic marketplace of the type mentioned at the outset by a method for automatic trading in products described by a predetermined number of product parameters, such as screws or nuts, or services on a virtual marketplace using a vending machine, comprising the following method steps: - Receiving at least one digital order with order parameters, which represent at least a subset of the product parameters, from at least one market provider through the vending machine via a digital data communication interface;
  • a vending machine for computerized trading in products described by a predetermined number of product parameters, such as screws or nuts, or services on a virtual marketplace comprising: - At least one data communication interface, via which at least one digital order with order parameters from at least one market provider and at least one digital market test request with market test parameters from at least one market applicant can be electronically fed to the commercial machine during operation;
  • An electronic, software-controlled core module with a parameter correction module to which the order parameters and / or the market test parameters are directed by the at least one data communication interface during operation and through which at least a subset of the order parameters and / or the market test parameters as a function of the respective market provider-market candidate pairing is changeable;
  • a comparator by means of which a parameter comparison of at least a subset of the order parameters with at least a subset of the market test parameters can be carried out while taking into account the parameters changed by the parameter correction module and by means of which an output signal can be generated in operation when the parameter comparison is completed;
  • the method and the vending machine according to the invention are intended to provide an electronic marketplace for continuous trading.
  • the marketplace according to the invention thus bears the needs commercial customers who need to meet their demand not only at the time of auction, but at the time when there is a need for a product.
  • the electronic marketplace is formed by a commercial machine, for example an electronic, software-controlled device, which compares the offers with the complementary counter-offers without human intervention.
  • the vending machine receives a plurality of orders from at least one market provider, the sales offers or purchase offers with order parameters, the order-specific parameters such as the quantity and the price of the products, and product-specific features, i.e. contain the characteristics and characteristics of the products in the standard specified by the marketplace, price.
  • the vending machine also receives a market test order, which contains order and product-specific parameters as market test parameters.
  • the vending machine automatically issues appropriate offers to the market applicant, which the latter can process.
  • An essential point of the invention is now to change the order parameters and / or the market test parameters depending on the respective market provider-market applicant pairing. This means the following: Between a certain market provider and a certain market applicant, i.e. a market provider-market candidate pairing, certain interactions may exist, which are only present in this pairing on the one hand and on the other hand influence the order parameters.
  • discount agreements may exist between the market provider and the market applicant, so that in this case the discount, for example a quantity or price discount, must be taken into account in the order.
  • Another example are transportation costs that vary depending on the locations of the market provider and the market applicant. These costs must also be taken into account in the offer.
  • the vending machine takes into account the order or market test parameters dependent on the market provider-market applicant pairing and changes them as if the market provider had prior knowledge of the market applicant who sent the market test order. Usually only a part of all order parameters will be dependent on the market provider-market candidate pairing. The vending machine automatically changes these parameters without human intervention.
  • the solution according to the invention also has the advantage that the market applicant can view the modified order parameters. Security is significantly increased for both sides when a contract is concluded, since both parties no longer have to reckon with changes to the order parameters after the contract has been concluded. The trade can therefore be carried out entirely via the vending machine, since all order parameters are realistically recorded.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is the consideration of the transfer costs: in the case of a large number of products, for example screws, metal rings and other machine elements, the transfer costs which arise when the products are transferred from the seller to the buyer are no longer negligible.
  • the transfer costs include, for example, freight and shipping costs as well as customs duties.
  • the transfer costs depend on the respective locations of the seller and the buyer, i.e. the individual pairing of the buyer and seller.
  • a seller assumes that his stated price is an "ex-works" price that does not yet include the freight costs. At the time of creating his sales offer, the seller does not yet know the potential buyer, on whose location the transfer costs ultimately depend. If a buyer therefore appears as a market competitor, then in a further advantageous embodiment the price The transfer costs are added to the complementary sales offers of the market providers. If a buyer appears as a market provider, the transfer machine can be deducted from the prices of the complementary purchase offers by the vending machine in a further advantageous embodiment.
  • the buyer can thus see the free-domicile price in his match result, which includes all transfer costs.
  • the electronic marketplace according to the invention offers the possibility, regardless of the location of the seller and the buyer, to take the transfer costs of the individual buyer-seller pairing into account when the contract is concluded.
  • the transfer costs are stored on a storage medium in a transfer cost database in the vending machine and can be read from there by the vending machine using a reading unit.
  • the vending machine automatically calculates the product-specific transfer costs, ie the transfer costs that depend on the product properties such as product volume, product quantity and insurance costs.
  • the product-specific transfer costs ie the transfer costs that depend on the product properties such as product volume, product quantity and insurance costs.
  • the vending machine can advantageously have a multiplication unit in order to calculate the total costs as a function of the respective order quantities.
  • the vending machine can also automatically request and receive the transfer cost information in digital form from a service provider via a data communication interface instead of a database. This reduces the maintenance costs for the vending machine, since there is no need to maintain the database.
  • the duties can also be taken into account in the transfer costs in order to enable the actual order price to be calculated even more precisely.
  • the duties can also be stored in a database in the vending machine; the vending machine can query the duties valid at the time of a market check from an external system via the data communication interface.
  • the vending machine also automatically carries out the automatic and electronic parameter comparison of at least a subset of the order parameters with a corresponding subset of the market test parameters by the vending machine. This comparison enables the vending machine to determine whether the order parameters match the market test parameters.
  • the order parameters can be changed depending on the respective market applicant-market provider pairing before or after the parameter comparison.
  • the vending machine automatically changes the order parameters before the parameter comparison.
  • the vending machine can automatically set the language of the comparison result output via the data communication interface as a function of at least a subset of the market test parameters and / or information stored in the vending machine for the respective market applicant by querying a vending machine's voice database provided in the vending machine.
  • the information about complementary offers from market providers sent to the market applicant by the commercial machine is presented in a language selected by the market applicant. This configuration enables the international use of the method and the commercial machine according to the invention.
  • the speech presentations that are made available to the market participants in, for example, a graphical user interface for the condition of the vending machine and implementation of the method via the data communication line can be standardized in a further embodiment and from a database depending on the settings of the market participants by a reading unit of the vending machine be readable.
  • the order information of the orders of the market providers is specified in a currency specified by the market applicant in its market review parameters or in other parameters stored in the vending machine.
  • the vending machine carries out the conversion automatically. In order to take the current daily exchange rate into account, the vending machine can send inquiries to an external currency vending machine via the data communication interface and receive the current exchange rate from it.
  • the vending machine also enables the entry of positive or negative lists, so that a market participant is given the opportunity to preferentially conclude transactions with certain market participants in the positive list or not to conclude contracts with certain market participants in the negative list.
  • the vending machine can accept master orders and process them, which consist of identical individual orders that recur periodically over a certain period of time.
  • the vending machine can take into account a percentage matching coverage contained in the order parameters for a purchase order from a market provider. This means that when comparing the order parameters of a complementary order that match the market test parameters of a market test order, the vending machine takes into account a parameter range, for example a price deviation, which is specified as a one-sided or bilateral percentage deviation from a preferred mean value, for example the desired price ,
  • a parameter range for example a price deviation, which is specified as a one-sided or bilateral percentage deviation from a preferred mean value, for example the desired price
  • the vending machine can use a quantity-dependent price when searching for suitable complementary offers.
  • This quantity-dependent price can be determined in that the order parameters and / or the market test parameters contain a plurality of pairs of product unit and unit price.
  • the vending machine can carry out the parameter comparison after an interpolation of the product quantity-unit price pairs and creation of a price-quantity function.
  • the market applicant can respond to orders that appear interesting to him from market vendors with a new market test with changed market test parameters, after which the vending machine automatically creates a new matching proposal. This process continues until the market candidate decides to accept an offer. In this case, a signal indicating the conclusion of the contract is sent to the vending machine.
  • the handheld enables automatic and electronic payment processing after the conclusion of a contract between two market participants. This can again be done via the data communication interface, via which the vending machine can exchange messages with external payment institutions and make the payment of the market applicant to the market provider perfect.
  • the vending machine can automatically delete the order for which a contract was concluded to the extent that the contract covers. This ensures that there are no double sales of the same thing. If only a part of the product quantity contained in an order is sold or bought, only this part will be deleted. The remaining part remains available through market test orders.
  • the vending machine can store the orders in an order database after receipt. From there, the orders can be read out immediately using a reading unit to create a matching comparison.
  • a problem with conventional methods for computerized trading or with vending machines arises when a single order, which can be an order from a market provider or a market review order from a market applicant, is not matched by a single order, but rather only by a plurality of complementary orders.
  • the method according to the invention and the commercial automat according to the invention in an advantageous embodiment, automatically assign several complementary offers from one or more market providers, preferably by means of linear or non-linear optimization, to a market review order from a market applicant.
  • This has the advantage that even large order quantities that are not matched by a complementary order quantity of the same size can be traded.
  • the vending machine automatically collects several, according to predetermined or adjustable Compiled orders optimized according to their criteria, with a smaller order volume in order to match the large order quantity.
  • the vending machine automatically combines individual orders that were received separately from a market provider and are independent of one another to form a collective or envelope order.
  • the vending machine can calculate this summary depending on the market inspection order according to a cost function.
  • the vending machine according to the invention can have an evaluation module that calculates the prices reached on the marketplace for individual variants by calculating the price of all traded products as a function of a specific product parameter. This is only possible with the standardized description of the products over a predetermined number of product parameters.
  • market participants all registered users of the electronic marketplace are understood as "market participants".
  • the market participants can assume the role of a buyer or a seller, whereby a single market participant can act as both a buyer and a seller.
  • each market participant can act in the role of a "market provider" or a "market applicant”.
  • the market participant makes a (buy or sell) offer available to the electronic marketplace.
  • the market applicant he observes the relevant market offers and concludes a contract with a market provider if necessary.
  • An “order”, also called a "bundle” is an offer by a market participant to buy or sell a certain number of products.
  • a sell order consists of a number of order items or orders. For each product item, each order item specifies the time period, the time span and the delivery quantity within which the market participant wants to sell a product. The same applies to purchase orders.
  • a "blanket order" corresponds to a set of periodically recurring orders.
  • the individual orders that form the blanket order are identical up to the delivery date.
  • a "private area” is understood to be an area invisible to other market participants. In the private sector, every market participant can prepare his orders.
  • the market participant believes that his offer made in the private sector is ready for the market, he can transfer it to the "public area", where it is visible to all market participants. With the transfer to the public sector, every market applicant can take advantage of the offer.
  • a "market check” here means the automatic check of an offer against the market, i. H. the quantity of offers from the public sector that are most favorable for the market participant with regard to the criteria selected by him are understood by the vending machine.
  • a proposal made by the electronic marketplace that meets the criteria set in the market review is referred to as a "matching proposal”. If the market applicant has finally decided on a market offer, the corresponding matching proposal becomes a "match”.
  • the "portfolio” is understood to be the quantity of all orders and order items of a market participant. It includes all orders in the private and public sector. After all, the "marketplace” is the quantity of all orders and associated order items of all market participants in the public sector.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an electronic marketplace with a user system and a vending machine
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a commercial machine and a user system
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the interaction of a commercial machine with a system of a market participant
  • the user systems 1.1 to 1.n are each connected to a communication system 3 via a data communication line 2.1 to 2.n.
  • the communication system 3 can be any digital communication system that allows data transfer in both directions.
  • the communication system 3 can be based on a wide variety of standards and a modem connection, a connection based on communication protocols such as WAP, TCP / IP, CORBA etc., generally an Internet connection, or a Datex-P connection, a LAN or WAN Network etc. or any combination of these connections.
  • a vending machine 10 is connected to the communication system 3 via a data communication line 7.
  • the vending machine 10 generates the virtual electronic marketplace and can be formed by any electronic device.
  • the electronic marketplace 10 is shown schematically by a computer. However, the electronic marketplace can also be distributed over a large number of computer systems.
  • the vending machine 10 allows simultaneous use by any number n of user systems 1.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the internal structure of a user system 20 and of the commercial machine 10.
  • a user interface 11 data can be entered directly into the trading machine 10 by a user. This can be useful, for example, for system administration of the vending machine 10.
  • the user interface 11 can be designed as a screen with a keyboard, as a floppy disk drive, as a CD-ROM drive, etc.
  • the vending machine 10 also has a digital communication interface 12, via which the vending machine 10 can exchange data with other systems connected to the communication system 3, for example user systems, other stock exchange systems, debt collection systems, etc.
  • a digital communication interface 12 can also be provided.
  • the communication Interface 22 can send data to communication system 3 and receive data from communication system 3.
  • the vending machine 10 furthermore has a main processor, on which the method for trading on the electronic trading place essentially runs.
  • a CPU 13 is shown in FIG. 2 as the main processor. Any number of CPUs can also serve as the main processor. Instructions that are stored in a memory 24 are processed by the CPU 23.
  • the user interface 11, the communication interface 12, the CPU 13 and the memory 14 are connected to one another via a data bus of the commercial machine 10.
  • the data bus can be an internal data bus or, in the case of a distributed system, a network.
  • the memory 14 has a section in which an operating system 15 is stored.
  • the operating system 15 controls basic operations of the vending machine 10, such as the input and output of data, access to peripheral devices, prioritization of processes that run on the CPU 13, etc.
  • the memory 14 has a section in which an operating system 15 is stored.
  • the operating system 15 controls basic operations of the vending machine 10, such as the input and output of data, access to peripheral devices, prioritization of processes that run on the CPU 13, etc.
  • the memory 14 has a section in which an operating system 15 is stored.
  • the operating system 15 controls basic operations of the vending machine 10, such as the input and output of data, access to peripheral devices, prioritization of processes that run on the CPU 13, etc.
  • the memory 14 can consist entirely or in part of a memory with read access only or in whole or in part only from a memory with read and write access. CD-ROMs, hard drives, other computers etc. can also be used as the memory 24.
  • a user system 20, corresponding to one of the user systems 1.1 to n in FIG. 1, is constructed analogously to the trading system 10.
  • a user program 101 runs locally on the user system 20 and exchanges data with a user process 102 via the data communication line 2 and the data communication system 3.
  • the user program 101 represents the interface via which a market participant interacts with the vending machine 10.
  • a communication process 102 runs, which receives the data sent by the user system, the “market participant”, and forwards it to internal processes for further processing.
  • databases 103 there are also a number of databases 103 in which data are stored This data is used for further processing of the data sent by the market participant to the vending machine 10, for example an order or a market test order ..
  • a part 104 of the databases can also be outsourced and automatically provided by external systems 105 on request of the vending machine.
  • FIG. 4 shows the functional division of the vending machine 10, as implemented by the various programs stored in the memory 14 and executed by the CPU 13.
  • the electronic marketplace 10 comprises a core system 110, which performs the essential functions of the vending machine to create the electronic marketplace, such as the receipt of orders and market test orders, the processing of the order parameters and the creation and transmission of matching suggestions.
  • the core system includes a transfer cost module 112, through which the transfer costs are calculated and the order parameters are changed depending on the respective market applicant-market provider pairing.
  • the transfer cost module has computing units such as multiplication units, adding units or units, integrators and interpolation units.
  • the core system 110 further comprises a comparator 114 which compares the order parameters of an order from a market provider with the market review parameters of a market provider and provides a comparison result in digital form.
  • the comparator can also include arithmetic units in order to be able to carry out comparisons between parameters which are not themselves exact Represent value, but represent a function defined over a range of values.
  • the core system 110 also includes a generator 115, to which the comparison result of the comparator 114 is forwarded, and which creates a matching proposal from the comparison result.
  • the generator 115 likewise has arithmetic units, in order to carry out an evaluation and weighting of the individual orders contained in the matching proposal as a function of the market test parameters or the order parameters.
  • the core system 110 also comprises a plurality of databases 117, in which information is stored, which the vending machine 10 automatically accesses when the matching proposal is created.
  • These databases 117 contain an order database 118, in which the currently valid orders from market vendors received by the vending machine 10 are stored with their order parameters, a product database 119 in which product-specific parameters of the products which can be traded with the vending machine are stored.
  • Under the databases 117 there is also a user database 120 in which user-specific information about the market participants operating at the vending machine is stored.
  • a transfer cost database 121 is also provided, in which information about the transfer costs for moving the products from one place to another is stored.
  • the databases 117 are usually not visible to the market participants in their entirety.
  • the vending machine 10 also has an administration module 125, an accounting module 126, a payment module 127, a language module 128 and a currency module 129, which are briefly described below:
  • the management module 125 is used for the maintenance and care of the vending machine 10 and permits interventions in the modules 110 to 129 of the handheld vending machine 10 by the operator of the electronic marketplace.
  • An accounting module 126 can be included in the electronic marketplace 10, which automatically carries out the accounting of the electronic marketplace 10 for its operator.
  • the accounting module 126 monitors the received orders from the market providers and the market review orders from the market applicants as well as the contracts concluded between market providers and market applicants. Based on this information, the accounting module automatically creates fee invoices for the market participants, which can then be processed automatically via the payment module.
  • the payment module 127 can be used to automatically process the payment when a purchase contract between a buyer and a seller has been successfully concluded.
  • the payment module 127 is connected to an external collection system, for example a credit institution 130, via a data communication line, not shown in FIG. 3.
  • an external collection system for example a credit institution 130
  • a data communication line not shown in FIG. 3.
  • money transfers between market participants or market participants at the vending machines can be carried out automatically by the vending machine 10.
  • the electronic marketplace 10 has a language module 128 and a currency module 129.
  • the language module 128 is equipped with a language database 128a, in which the various languages with which the user program 101, cf. 3, which represents data received from the vending machine 10.
  • the currency module 129 takes into account different currencies on behalf of a market provider and the market applicant's market review request.
  • the vending machine automatically determines these differences by comparing the market test parameters and the order parameters and activates the currency module to convert the currencies to the currency specified in the market test order.
  • the currency module can do this with an external System 131, for example a currency exchange, can be connected, which forwards the exchange rates to the handheld ice machines continuously or on request via a data communication line.
  • the registration preferably takes place automatically via the data communication line 2.
  • the new user dials into the vending machine via the data communication line and provides information on his identification, location and contact.
  • the core system automatically enters the new user data into the user database 120.
  • the authenticity and quality of the registering users can be checked and individual users can be prevented from accessing the vending machine via the management module 125.
  • the vending machine 10 automatically creates identification data such as passwords and user IDs for the user identification.
  • the vending machine After the registration has been completed, the vending machine notifies the new user of the successful registration via the data communication line.
  • the vending machine 10 can use an encryption module (not shown) for data transmission, by means of which the exchanged information is not made accessible to third parties.
  • the registered user dials into the vending machine via his user program 101 and enters his identification and his password there. If the identifier and password match the identifier and password stored in the user database, the core system 110 enables the user access to the electronic marketplace. With the access authorization, the user can change his user-specific data at any time. In addition to the user-identifying information, this user-specific data also includes order-specific data or parameters that define individual criteria to be taken into account for orders. These criteria correspond to the default settings for later orders.
  • the order-specific parameters include, for example:
  • the function of the automatic teller machine 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 5.
  • the order parameters of orders - purchase offers or sales offers - of individual market providers 20 are stored in the order database 119.
  • the creation of an order takes place in the private area of the market participant on the user system 20 or in the vending machine 10, without another market participant being able to see the process of creating the order.
  • the private area may be physically located on user system 20, on the trading venue, or on any other system.
  • a user enters the product-specific order parameters, by means of which the product is described, and the order-specific or order-specific order parameters, for example the number of desired products, the desired price and the delivery date, on his user system 20 via the user interface 21.
  • An important aspect of the vending machine according to the invention is the ability of the market provider to generate orders that are out of focus.
  • Various products each with a finite number of product parameters, are described in the product database 119.
  • these product parameters are, for example, the size, the material class, the surface treatment and the color.
  • These product parameters can either be determined exactly, by specifying the desired parameter, or unsharp, by specifying a parameter range or several values, in the market test parameters. If a characteristic of the product parameters, for example the color, is completely uninteresting for the market competitor, he can leave it completely indefinite as a "wild card".
  • An order with a subset of product parameters specified or released in areas is referred to as a fuzzy order.
  • the vending machine only considers orders within the order validity period. The vending machine will not make the orders for market inspection orders available before or after the validity period has expired.
  • a blanket order can be created in the same way as a single order. To do this, the user must also specify when the blanket order is to be executed for the first time, how many individual orders and at what intervals these individual orders are to be executed. Since the individual orders of a blanket order are identical, if the individual order is changed, all associated individual orders are changed at the same time.
  • the vending machine also allows the indication of quantity-dependent prices. For example, a different unit price can be specified for a minimum quantity and for a maximum quantity.
  • the core module then interpolates between these two limit values to produce a price function depending on the order quantity.
  • the matching proposal is calculated by vending machines based on the interpolated price.
  • the core system 110 also accepts a plurality of unit price-quantity pairs and automatically selects a corresponding interpolation function depending on the number of price-quantity pairs.
  • the user can decide whether he wants to make the order in the public area on the order database available for access by market vendors controlled by the vending machine, or whether he wants to make the order just created as part of a market check against the orders in the Wants to test the order database.
  • the vending machine 10 If the market participant decides to publish his order, he generates an order signal on his user system 20 by actuating a switching element. In response to the order signal, the vending machine 10 automatically takes the offer of the market participant from their private area and stores it in the order database 118. In order to enable quick access to the database 118, the vending machine 10 can automatically process and store the data in the database Convert the job to database format.
  • the market participant decides to carry out a market test, he generates a market test signal on his user system 20 by actuating a switching element.
  • the vending machine 10 tests the created order against the market in response to the market check signal.
  • the market is formed by the currently valid orders stored in the order database.
  • the market test fung forms the main function of the vending machine 10 and can be carried out by the vending machine 10 for an order in the public or private sector.
  • the vending machine 10 receives, via its communication interface 12 connected to the communication system 3, a market test order 150 which is in digital, electronic form.
  • the market test application contains order-specific parameters 151 and product-specific parameters 152.
  • the vending machine 10 can perform market review orders from a variety of product classes, such as bolts and nuts.
  • the core system first automatically determines the product class within which the market review is to take place based on the product-specific parameters 152.
  • the core system 110 can initially perform a rough search in the order database in order to carry out a first, rough preselection based on a subset of the order and product-specific parameters of complementary offers.
  • the comparator 112 can be preceded by a comparator with an arithmetic unit (not shown), which has access to the order database via a reading unit.
  • the transfer cost module 112 calculates the transfer costs as a function of the market provider-market applicant pairing and the or- and product-specific parameters 151, 152.
  • the transfer cost module 112 reads information about the product-specific transfer costs from the product database 119. This is, for example, the unit weight and the packaging volume of the products contained in the market inspection order. Furthermore, the transfer cost module 112 reads information about the location and the preferences of the market applicant and the market provider from the user database 120. The user preferences can For example, include certain shipping requirements. With the information about the user-specific and the product-specific transfer costs, the transfer cost module 112 automatically calculates the transfer costs with the aid of the transfer cost database 121. The transfer cost module 112 automatically takes into account the order-specific parameters such as the order quantity.
  • the transfer cost module 112 calculates the transfer costs 153 for the individual order and the individual market provider-market applicant pairing and changes the order price accordingly in the order parameters.
  • the order parameters 153 and the product parameters 152 changed by the transfer costs are then forwarded to the comparator 114 in digital form.
  • the comparator 114 uses an arithmetic unit to compare the at least partially changed order parameters 153 with the order-specific market check parameters 151.
  • the comparator 114 automatically filters out the appropriate complementary market offers as a function of the order-specific parameters.
  • the comparator automatically takes into account vague offers, quantity-dependent prices and overlaps specified in the order and market review parameters. As a result, generator 114 sends an electronic list 154 to generator 116.
  • the generator 116 organizes the electronic list generated by the comparator 114 and generates a matching proposal 155, which it sends to the market applicant's user system in digital form.
  • the generator 116 calculates, depending on order-specific parameters and information from the user database 120, a list sequence in which the list 154 generated by the comparator 114 is sent to the user system 20.
  • the generator can also be physically located in the user system 20.
  • the generator uses an optimization function to calculate the sequence.
  • the market applicant can have the matching proposal 155 listed on the user system 20 and compare it with his order. If he finds a suitable offer, he can initiate a contract. Otherwise, he can observe the market situation for all displayed offers from the perspective of the market provider in order to be able to react accordingly to the competition.
  • the market applicant can then carry out a new market test with changed market test parameters in order to search for other orders which were not found during the first market test.
  • the renewed market check then runs again according to the scheme described in FIG. 5.
  • the market applicant can control the selection of the offers stored in the vending machine by changing his market check criteria. For example:
  • the market applicant can choose whether the selection of offers should be optimized according to the number of order items, price, weight or quantity.
  • the user system then lists all offers that have an overlap with the current order of the market applicant in the desired order on a screen or prints this list. It shows the following order parameters: - Number of order items, number of items and weight of the coverage (each in absolute and relative terms to the current order of the applicant),
  • 6 and 7 illustrate how the transfer costs flow into the matching proposal.
  • the calculation of the sales price depends on whether the current order is a buy or a sale. For simplicity, the example is limited to a single order item. If there are several order items, the individual orders are included in the calculation based on their total share.
  • a seller 200 wants to sell a quantity of screws, which is accepted 100%, at a total price of $ 1000 ex works.
  • the vending machine searches for complementary buy orders in the order database 118.
  • the order database there are two buy offers, 201 and 202, one of which buyer 201 has a relative amount of 50% of the products sold by seller 200 for a total price of $ 570 wants to buy free.
  • the other buyer 202 wants 40% of the quantity offered by seller 200 free for a price of $ 450. Without taking the transfer costs into account, the free house purchase offer of buyer 201 is therefore greater than that of buyer 202.
  • the vending machine for pairing buyer 201 with seller 200, calculates the total transfer cost for transporting the goods from seller 200 to buyer 201 at $ 80. These costs must be deducted from buyer's 201 home offer to be compared to seller 200's sale offer.
  • the vending machine calculates the total transfer cost at $ 50. As with buyer 201, transfer costs are deducted from buyer 202's purchase offer. Taking the transportation costs into account, this results in a purchase offer price of $ 400.
  • the purchase offer of the buyer 201 therefore corresponds to the sales offer of the seller 200 for the quantity sought by the buyer 201, taking into account the transfer costs.
  • the vending machine 10 will therefore include the purchase offer of the buyer 201 in the automatically created matching proposal.
  • the offer of buyer 201 may prove to be more attractive for another seller 203 with other sales parameters, for example a price of $ 900 for 100%, in terms of the prices adjusted for the transfer costs.
  • FIG. 7 shows a case example analogous to the case example of FIG. 6, in which a purchase demand is to be matched by the commercial machine as a market check request: buyer 205 searches for a quantity of 100% free of charge for a total price of $ 1000.
  • the vending machine 10 searches in its order database 118 for offers which match the product test parameters in their product-specific parameters.
  • the vending machine finds the sales offers from sellers 206 and 207.
  • Seller 206 offers 50% of the quantity requested by buyer 205 ex works at a price of $ 600.
  • Seller 207 offers 60% of the quantity requested by buyer 205 ex works at a price of $ 670.
  • the transfer cost module first calculates the transfer costs for the two pairs of buyers 205 seller 206 and buyer 205 to seller 206 at $ 70 and $ 80, respectively. These costs must be added to the ex-works offers of sellers 206 and 207 before the vending machine optimizes the offers for the market test order with regard to their prices. After taking the transfer costs into account, both sales offers are above the price sought by buyer 205.
  • the vending machine will evaluate the offers of buyers 206 and 207 according to a cost function, for example after the deviation from the desired unit price of buyer 205, and send them to the system of buyer 205 in the evaluated order.
  • the difference between the desired price and the offer price based on the total price of the coverage is decisive for the automatic evaluation of the order in the optimization according to the price, as it is carried out by the handheld ice machine.
  • the current order is checked against all offers (i.e. orders) in the marketplace where there is an overlap of the delivery times between the current order and the offer.
  • the vending machine carries out a fuzzy matching: order items in which the buyer has selected several characteristics or a range for a product-specific parameter of an article are matched with all sales orders with one of these characteristics by the trading machine.
  • the market review algorithm tries to combine orders from the same provider into a (virtual) collective order by adding up the individual order items of the orders involved. It should be noted here that the delivery time overlaps and the excess desired by the buyer coverage volumes for matching are observed. Various heuristics are possible for this.
  • the market applicant can carry out a market check with the order parameters of an order contained in the matching proposal.
  • the market candidate thus slips into the role of a complementary market provider.
  • the vending machine automatically creates a matching proposal for this market review request, as already described above.
  • This complementary matching proposal shows all possible matching candidates for the complementary offer to the original market review request that are currently on the marketplace for the corresponding offer.
  • the market competitor When the market competitor has finally found an acceptable offer, he can make the deal perfect by sending a close signal to the vending machine. In this case one speaks of a match. Afterwards, the overlaps are extracted from the orders involved in the order database and the reduced orders are transferred to the respective portfolio of the market participants.
  • a blanket order can only be matched with another blanket order (or added to the proposal list).
  • the prerequisite for this is that the start time and the number and frequency of repetitions of the two blanket orders match.
  • every market participant has the opportunity to view all blanket orders in the marketplace without checking their own order against the market.
  • the user can also use each individual order as a blanket order Mark the current order and then check against the market. As soon as such a single order is matched, the blanket order is automatically withdrawn to the private area.
  • a bundled order is understood to mean a bundle of individual orders across different product classes, which are combined into one order and are accordingly delivered in one delivery by the supplier.
  • the transfer costs include transport costs and handling costs.
  • the handling costs are the sum of all costs for, for example, handling the goods in the incoming goods department, internally processing the supplier's invoice and all costs of transferring money to the supplier's account. From the point of view of the seller, the handling costs are composed as follows, for example, of handling the goods in the warehouse, packaging ready for dispatch, handling in the outgoing goods area and internal processing of the invoice for the customer
  • the vending machine is used on a screw exchange
  • the handling costs per delivery from a supplier amount to 1 DM This information is stored in the trading machine in the user database on a storage medium, but can be adjusted in the market test parameters if necessary.
  • the value specified in the market test parameters overwrites the value specified in the user database if both are different
  • the transfer cost module determines the weights of the product classes contained in the market test parameters for the following values from the product database
  • the handling costs of handler B are 1 DM per delivery from a supplier according to the order parameters
  • the vending machine compares the product-specific parameters of the order of the B and the market test order of the A. Since there are no differences in these parameters, the vending machine next compares the quantities offered
  • the vending machine tests whether these deviations are within the coverage areas specified in the two complementary offers.
  • Handler B has stated that they should only deliver if at least Decreased 30% of the amount dealer A has indicated that it will only accept an offer if at least 40% of the quantity can be supplied by one supplier.
  • the two complementary offers are in the respective coverage area, so that the vending machine next calculates the transfer costs.
  • the vending machine in the present case would not take the A's offer into account when creating the matching proposal.
  • the vending machine In order to generate the matching proposal, the vending machine first determines the transport costs that are incurred for the market provider-market applicant pairing of the A with the B.
  • the vending machine reads transfer cost information on the location of A in country V and the location of B in country W from the transfer cost database and calculates the transportation costs. As a result of this calculation, the transportation costs depend on the weight of the delivery:
  • the transfer cost module calculates the free house price for the delivery of the bundle order from dealer B to dealer A by adding the prices in an adding unit as follows:
  • the vending machine includes the order from dealer B in the matching proposal.
  • the dealership C will not include the dealer's offer in the matching proposal without taking the transport costs into account, since the cover order of the A and the cover order of the C have different product-specific parameters:
  • the cover order of the C does not contain any screws of product class DIN 931. The same result would be achieved if a different length, diameter or delivery date were given in a single order.
  • the handling parameters of dealer D include 1 DM in the order parameters.
  • the vending machine compares the product-specific parameters as well as the order quantities and their respective coverage areas. In the following case it is assumed that D did not specify a degree of coverage. With this information, the vending machine only takes into account the degree of coverage of A. Since the quantities offered by D lie within the degrees of coverage of the individual orders of A, the order of D fulfills the quantity criterion of the market review request of D.
  • the vending machine then, as described above, first calculates the transfer costs for the mart provider-market applicant pairing of the A with the D using the transfer cost database.
  • the result is the following assignment in the memory of the vending machine:
  • the vending machine calculates the following prices:
  • the comparator finds a deviation in individual order 3 in the vending machine. If this deviation lies outside a range determined in the market test parameters, the offer will be des A included in the matching proposal. If this deviation exceeds a maximum price set by A, the vending machine ignores the offer of D.
  • an envelope order was only included in the matching proposal by the vending machine if all individual orders matched their product-specific parameters.
  • the vending machine can also be set up so that it first cuts a shell order from a market provider into its individual orders and compares the individual orders with one another.
  • the individual orders with matching product parameters which are also within the overlap range of the order-specific parameters specified by the market applicant, are then packed in a residual envelope from the market provider.
  • the vending machine can weight the remaining envelopes according to their correspondence with the entirety of the individual orders determined in the market test order and record them in the weighting order in the matching proposal.
  • the vending machine can also be set up in such a way that it satisfies the demand for an individual order from the market applicant from several individual orders from market providers.
  • the composition of individual orders in response to an individual order can also take place through linear or non-linear optimization in the commercial machine. In the process of optimization, several opposing orders from the same market provider-market applicant pairing can be weighted and compared against each other.
  • the handheld ice machine can be provided with an evaluation unit connected downstream of the comparator, which evaluates the result of the parameter comparison using a cost function.
  • the vending machine can also automatically combine individual offers that were originally specified independently of one another in the case of a market test order to form an envelope order.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un marché électronique de commerce informatisé continu, avec des produits ou des services qui sont décrits par un nombre prédéfini de paramètres de produit, notamment un procédé de commerce informatisé avec ces produits, ainsi qu'un automate commercial.
PCT/EP2001/002659 2000-03-11 2001-03-09 Marche electronique WO2001069464A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE2000111912 DE10011912A1 (de) 2000-03-11 2000-03-11 Elekronischer Marktplatz
DE10011912.3 2000-03-11

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Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998034187A1 (fr) * 1997-01-30 1998-08-06 Autocom Aps Procede de vente aux encheres et ses utilisations
US5890138A (en) * 1996-08-26 1999-03-30 Bid.Com International Inc. Computer auction system
WO1999027476A2 (fr) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-03 The Taylor Trust As Systeme et procede de vente aux encheres dans un reseau informatique
WO1999034272A2 (fr) * 1997-12-29 1999-07-08 Ed Pool Centre d'achat universel pour transactions internationales
US6021398A (en) * 1996-01-04 2000-02-01 Ausubel; Lawrence M. Computer implemented methods and apparatus for auctions

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6021398A (en) * 1996-01-04 2000-02-01 Ausubel; Lawrence M. Computer implemented methods and apparatus for auctions
US5890138A (en) * 1996-08-26 1999-03-30 Bid.Com International Inc. Computer auction system
WO1998034187A1 (fr) * 1997-01-30 1998-08-06 Autocom Aps Procede de vente aux encheres et ses utilisations
WO1999027476A2 (fr) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-03 The Taylor Trust As Systeme et procede de vente aux encheres dans un reseau informatique
WO1999034272A2 (fr) * 1997-12-29 1999-07-08 Ed Pool Centre d'achat universel pour transactions internationales

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