WO2001076106A2 - Method and apparatus for reducing co-channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for reducing co-channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001076106A2 WO2001076106A2 PCT/US2001/010243 US0110243W WO0176106A2 WO 2001076106 A2 WO2001076106 A2 WO 2001076106A2 US 0110243 W US0110243 W US 0110243W WO 0176106 A2 WO0176106 A2 WO 0176106A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- uplink
- sector
- channel interference
- frame
- communication system
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
- H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
- H04B7/2687—Inter base stations synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
- H04W16/12—Fixed resource partitioning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
Definitions
- each cell 2 has an associated and corresponding base station 1.
- cell 2a has an associated and corresponding base station la.
- Cell 2b has an associated and corresponding base station lb, and so on.
- Each base station 1 typically includes an array of sectored antennas for communicating with the terminal stations within the cells 2.
- a sectored antenna is typically 60 or 90 degrees in beamwidth ' for communicating with terminal stations within an entire sector.
- a base station la comprises at least four sectored antennas,, one antenna per sector 4 (4a-4d).
- the base station comprises six sectored antennas.
- Each sector contains a plurality of terminal stations that communicate with the base station la on a unique radio frequency (RF) channel.
- RF radio frequency
- each terminal station utilizes a highly directional antenna (typically less than 3 degrees beamwidth) for communicating with its associated base station 1.
- the highly directional antenna is fixed and pointed toward the associated base station 1.
- the base station's sectored antenna receives energy from any terminal station operating on the same RF channel and is positioned on a line of sight relative to the sectored antenna.
- Line of sight is defined herein as an unobstructed (first Fresnel zone clear) radio wave propagation path between a transmitting antenna and ' a receiving antenna.
- a base station's 1 sectored antenna transmits energy on an RF channel to a terminal, station's highly directional antenna.
- a terminal station's 'highly directional antenna transmits energy on an RF channel to a base station's 1 sectored antenna.
- Each sector 4 (4a-4d) of a cell 2 therefore utilizes a different orthogonal RF channel for communication between terminals in the sector and an associated sector base station (i.e., a terminal in sector 4a uses frequency A, a terminal in sector 4b uses frequency B', a terminal in sector 4c uses frequency B, and a terminal in sector 4d uses frequency A').
- the set of four orthogonal RF channels is then reused as shown in FIGURE la in adjacent cells 2 (for example, in cells 2b, 2c and 2d).
- the pattern of frequency distribution is normally a mirror image of adjacent and diagonal cells 2.
- the upper left- hand sector 4a of the upper left-hand cell 2a uses the same frequency (e.g., frequency A) as the upper right-hand sector 4b of the adjacent cell 2b. It also uses the same frequency as the lower right-hand sector of cell 2d, and the lower left-hand sector of cell 2c.
- the uplink is less spectrum efficient than is the downlink.
- the uplink spectrum efficiency suffers because the base station collects energy using a sector antenna having a much greater beamwidth
- the downlink can support less robust modulation schemes (e.g., QAM-64 and QAM- 16) while the uplink may require the use of more robust modulation schemes (e.g., QPSK).
- modulation schemes e.g., QAM-64 and QAM- 16
- QPSK more robust modulation schemes
- the plot line labeled "T1+T2+T3" represents potentially interfering terminal stations from sectors T1-T3.
- the plot line labeled "TI only” represents potentially interfering terminal stations from only sector TI, Co-channel interference is greatest (i.e., worst case scenario occurs) when the probability of LoS is 100 percent. Thus, the C/I ratio reaches its smallest value (i.e., co-channel interference is at its greatest) when the probability of LoS is 100%.
- the co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus should increase the wireless communication system's capacity.
- Such a co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus should utilize uplink and downlink bandwidth in an allocation-efficient manner.
- the present invention provides such a co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus.
- geographically close base stations having potentially interfering terminal stations operate on the uplink on selected frames only.
- the present invention can change the uplink and downlink time frame ratio utilizing a formula based on system capabilities and demands.
- FIGURE 2 shows a graphical representation of the uplink C/I ratio of base station lg of
- FIGURE lb versus the probability of line of sight (LoS) activity of potentially interfering terminal stations.
- FIGURE 3 shows the simplified representation of the system of FIGURE lb utilizing the uplink time-frame allocation scheme of the present invention.
- FIGURE 7 shows a simplified graphical depiction of a frequency re-use scheme in accordance with the present invention, showing a frequency re-use factor of 3/2, with 4 available frequency sets and 6 sectors per cell.
- FIGURE 8 shows a graphical representation of the uplink C/I ratio resulting from the use of various re-use schemes versus the probability of line of sight (LoS) activity of potentially interfering terminal stations.
- LoS line of sight
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method and apparatus for reducing co- channel interference in a frame-based and frame-synchronized broadband wireless communication system.
- the present invention eliminates co-channel interference from selected base stations by transmitting uplink data from the selected base stations at pre- selected time frames while transmitting uplink data from other base stations at different preselected time frames.
- the present invention implements an uplink/downlink ratio formula to compensate for the re-use efficiency differences.
- the ATDD system is particularly useful in wideband or broadband wireless communication systems, although it may also be used in any data communication system where an adaptive and dynamic time division duplexing transmission scheme is desirable.
- the ATDD system dynamically changes the time slot designation as either an uplink or downlink transmission period. Consequently, the uplink/downlink bandwidth allocation can be changed to accommodate the uplink/downlink ⁇ bandwidth requirements of the link.
- the ATDD system thus allows channels to use either a symmetric or asymmetric uplink/downlink time slot allocation depending upon the needs of the channel.
- the ATDD system alternatively allows asymmetry in favor of the uplink (i.e., allocates more uplink time slots than downlink time slots) or in favor of the downlink ⁇ i.e., allocates more downlink time slots than uplink time slots).
- the ATDD system is particularly advantageous when used in a wireless communication system offering broadband data, video and telephone services.
- the wireless communication system preferably comprises a plurality of cells organized into cell clusters, each cell including a base station having an associated active antenna array, and each base station
- ⁇ providing wireless connectivity to a plurality of customer sites having a plurality of customer premises equipment.
- a simple method allows elimination of co-channel interference from selected base stations.
- the method can be used with systems that have a framing structure on the downlink and uplink, or alternatively only on the uplink, as do TDD or half-duplex-FDD systems.
- a "frame synchronized" system is one in which all of the base stations use frame based communications, and wherein all of the frames are synchronized to one another in the time domain. Typically, some amount of “guard" time is required between the cells to allow for propagation delays. All of the- base stations in these frame synchronized systems communicate with their respective subscriber units (or terminal stations in the broadband wireless access systems) using time frames, wherein the frames are synchronized in time. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that frame based systems exist that are not synchronized in time on a bit clock level. However, the present invention contemplates use in frame based, and frame synchronized communication systems.
- base stations having potentially interfering terminal stations are identified, and then, depending upon the base station's location, assigned to communicate on the uplink during separate time frames.
- Base stations having ' potentially interfering terminal stations are base stations that operate on the same frequency, have the same polarization, and have sectored antennas facing the same direction relative to absolute North.
- base stations having potentially interfering terminal stations that are geographically located on the same or similar diagonals operate on a first set of time frames (e.g., "even” time frames).
- base stations having potentially interfering terminal stations that are not geographically located on the same or similar diagonals operate on a second set of time frames (e.g., "odd” time frames).
- FIGURE 3 shows the simplified representation of the system of FIGURE lb utilizing the uplink time-frame allocation scheme of the present invention.
- base stations la, le, If and lg when communicating with terminals located in sectors 4a, base stations la, le, If and lg operate on the same frequency (frequency A), have the same polarization and have sectored antennas facing the same direction (northwest).
- the sectors 4a associated with the base stations la, le and If have terminal stations that can potentially interfere with the base station lg when communicating on the uplink.
- the base station la is geographically located on the same diagonal ray 32 as the base station lg.
- base stations la and lg operate on a first set of time frames in the uplink.
- FIGURE 4 shows an exemplary time frame map of the frequency re-use scheme described with reference to FIGURE 3.
- terminal stations located within sectors TI and T4 operate on the uplink (i.e., are active) only during even time frames.
- Terminal stations located within sectors T2 and T3 do not operate on the uplink (i.e., are inactive) during even time frames. Therefore, the terminal stations in the sectors T2 and T3 do not contribute to C/I on the uplink during the even time frames.
- FIGURE 3 advantageously, during even time frames, only terminal stations in sector TI can contribute to the C/I realized by base station lg in the uplink direction.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,311 teaches changing the uplink/downlink ratio based upon traffic asymmetry conditions, it does not account for changing this ratio based upon differences in spectrum efficiencies and co-channel interference in the uplink and downlink.
- the present invention advantageously uses a variable ratio for the uplink and downlink to compensate for the re-use efficiency differences between the uplink and the downlink,
- an 80/20 desired net bandwidth allocation (downlink/uplink) is a 4/1 ratio.
- Equation 1 is utilized to calculate Rd.
- Equation 2 compensates in time for this difference between the uplink and downlink ' frequency re-use efficiency by allowing for more uplink time.
- the present inventive method and apparatus can utilize a combination of a downlink/uplink ratio and an uplink time frame allocation scheme to reduce co-channel interference in a broadband wireless communication system having ATDD.
- the present co- channel interference reducing method and apparatus is now described in the context of various exemplary communication re-use schemes.
- Re-Use 2 3 frequency sets, 6 sectors
- FIGURE 6 shows a simplified graphical description of a frequency re-use scheme in accordance with the present invention having a frequency re-use factor of 2, 3 frequency sets (3 different frequencies having 2 polarizations) and 6 sectors per cell. As shown in FIGURE
- base stations l ib, l ie, l id, 1 le use the same frequency re-use pattern as the base station of interest, 11a.
- Each of these base stations uses the same frequency polarizations for sectored antennas that face the same direction (e.g., northeast).
- base stations l lb-l le have terminal stations located in sectors T11-T14 that can potentially interfere on the uplink with the terminal stations in sector T15 that communicate on the uplink to base station 11a.
- sectors that use the same RF channel as sector T15, but located a significant distance away from T15 are not considered as potential interferers.
- Base stations l ib, l id and l ie use identical frequency re-use plans as base station 1 1a and can be defined by a second diagonal directional ray, as indicated by the second diagonal directional ray 46. Similar to the first diagonal ray 44, the diagonal ray 46 defines a second sector timing grouping comprising base stations l ib, l id, and l ie, and sectors T12, T13 and
- a second sector of interest is selected. For example, the sector directly adjacent to T15 and to the west of T15 is selected as the second sector of interest.
- This sector now faces a second direction with respect to base station 1 la.
- diagonal ray 40 faces a new direction, i.e., the northwest direction. Consequently, the sector timing group diagonals 42, 44 and 46 are all rotated in a counterclockwise fashion to point in a southwest to northeast direction. That is, the diagonals 42, 44 and 46 are perpendicular to the now northwest pointing directional ray 40.
- the reuse technique described above can be extended to include every sector in the cell of interest.
- the communication system of FIGURE 7 can be extended as similarly described with respect to FIGURE 6. Accordingly, a different sector of interest is selected, and the sector diagonals described above are rotated in a counter-clockwise fashion to point in the same direction as the terminal stations located within the sector of interest face with respect to their associated base station. Those of ordinary skill in the art shall recognize that this same process can be repeated for every sector for a base station of interest in order to define the frame timing for every sector in the communication system.
- FIGURE 8 shows a graphical representation of the uplink C/I ratio resulting from the use of various re-use schemes versus the probability of line of sight (LoS) activity of potentially interfering terminal stations.
- the vertical axis represents the C/I ratio measured in dB.
- the horizontal axis represents the probability (measured as a percentage) of a terminal station having a LoS position relative to the desired base station.
- Co-channel interference is greatest (i.e., worst case scenario occurs) when the probability of LoS is 100 percent.
- the C/I ratio reaches its smallest value (i.e., co-channel interference is at its greatest).
- the curve labeled "4 sector case” shows the C/I associated with the 4 sector re-use scheme described above with reference to FIGURE 1, wherein the co-channel interference reduction of the present invention is not employed.
- the curve labeled "6 sector case” shows the C/I improvements observed when using the 6 sector re-use scheme described above with reference to FIGURES 6 and 7, however, without implementing the co-channel interference reduction method and apparatus of the present invention.
- the C/I improvement using the 6 sector re-use scheme of FIGURE 6, and implementing the co-channel interference reduction scheme of the present invention is shown in the curve labeled "Nearby interferer eliminated”.
- the "6 sector case" plot line falls below the 4 QAM line at a LoS greater than approximately 55%.
- the system capacity of the 4 sector and the 6 sector re-use schemes are greatly reduced because not even the most robust modulation scheme (i.e., 4 QAM) can function properly when the C/I falls below 11 dB.
- the present inventive co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus has been described above in the context of various communication re-use schemes having various frequency re-use factors, frequency sets and cell sectors (e.g., communication schemes described with reference to FIGURES 3, 6 and 7).
- Those of ordinary skill in the art shall recognize that any communication system that operates in a frame based and frame synchronized manner in the uplink, having frame-synchronized base stations, can be used to practice the present inventive uplink frequency allocation re-use scheme.
- Two exemplary time-frame maps (half-duplex FDD and TDD) that can be used in the frame-synchronized systems of FIGURES 3, 6 and 7 are now described with reference to FIGURES 9-10,
- FIGURE 9a shows an exemplary time frame map used in the frame-synchronized systems of FIGURES 3, 6 and 7, showing the time frame map in the uplink of an FDD system.
- the exemplary time frame map shown in FIGURE 9a can be used in the frame-synchronized systems of FIGURES 3, 6 and 7.
- base stations located on "even" diagonals e.g., diagonal ray 32 of FIGURE 3, diagonal rays 42 and 46 of FIGURE 6 and diagonal ray 52 of FIGURE 7
- communicate with associated terminal stations on the uplink i.e., are active
- Base stations located on "odd" diagonals communicate with associated terminal stations on the uplink (i.e., are active) only during odd time frames. Therefore, the terminal stations associated with, the base stations located on the odd diagonals do not contribute to C/I on the uplink during the even time frames. Similarly, the terminal stations associated with the base stations located on the even diagonals do not contribute to C/I on the uplink during the odd time frames. Therefore, when the time frame map of FIGURE 9a in the uplink of an FDD system is utilized interference that may be produced by the terminal stations in nearby sectors does not degrade system performance on the uplink.
- Base stations located on "odd" diagonals communicate with associated terminal stations on the uplink (i.e., are active) only during odd time frames. Therefore, the terminal stations associated with the base stations located on the odd diagonals do not contribute to C/I on the uplink during the even time frames. Similarly, the terminal stations associated with the base stations located on the even diagonals do not contribute to C/I on the uplink during the odd time frames. Therefore, -when the time frame map of FIGURE 9b in the uplink of a TDD system is utilized interference that may be produced by the terminal stations in nearby sectors does not degrade system performance on the uplink.
- the co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus of the present invention includes a powerful means for eliminating co-channel interference from terminal stations in a wireless communication system.
- the present co-channel interference reducing method and apparatus utilizes frame synchronization between selected time frames (e.g., odd and even time frames) to ' reduce co-channel interference,
- the present invention reduces co-channel interference and, thus, allows robust modulation schemes to operate even at a worst case scenario of 100% line-of-sight (LoS) interference.
- the present invention can also implement an uplink/downlink ratio formula to further improve system • capacity (i.e., reduce co-channel interference) in ATDD systems.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR0109727-0A BR0109727A (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | Method for Reducing Co-Channel Interference in a Frame-Based Broadband Wireless Communication System |
DE60140437T DE60140437D1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING SAME CHANNEL TROUBLESHOOTING IN A RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION |
AT01928336T ATE448609T1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE IN A FRAME SYNCHRONIZED RADIO COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM |
EP01928336A EP1269658B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | Method and apparatus for reducing co-channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system |
AU2001255207A AU2001255207A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | Method and apparatus for reducing co-channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/539,891 | 2000-03-31 | ||
US09/539,891 US6798534B1 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2000-03-31 | Image processing device |
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WO2001076106A2 true WO2001076106A2 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
WO2001076106A3 WO2001076106A3 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
WO2001076106B1 WO2001076106B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
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PCT/US2001/010243 WO2001076106A2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | Method and apparatus for reducing co-channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system |
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AU (1) | AU2001255207A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001076106A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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WO2002023793A2 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-21 | Ensemble Communications, Inc. | A system and method for wireless communication in a frequency division duplexing region |
WO2002041519A2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-23 | Ensemble Communications, Inc. | Method and system for reducing channel interference in a frame-synchronized wireless communication system |
EP1350342A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2003-10-08 | BWA Technology, Inc. | System and method for inband signaling for sector synchronization in a wireless communication system |
US8165591B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2012-04-24 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Process to allocate channels in a sectorized cellular network |
EP2529568A4 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2016-08-10 | Hewlett Packard Entpr Dev Lp | Wireless network system and method configured to mitigate co-channel interference |
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- 2001-03-30 WO PCT/US2001/010243 patent/WO2001076106A2/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (15)
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US7339926B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2008-03-04 | Harington Valve Llc | System and method for wireless communication in a frequency division duplexing region |
US7965661B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2011-06-21 | Harington Valve, Llc | System and method for wireless communication in a time division duplexing region |
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US7911984B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2011-03-22 | Harington Valve, Llc | System and method for wireless communication in a frequency division duplexing region |
US7839805B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2010-11-23 | Stanwood Kenneth L | System and method for wireless communication in a frequency division duplexing region |
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US8165591B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 | 2012-04-24 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Process to allocate channels in a sectorized cellular network |
EP2529568A4 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2016-08-10 | Hewlett Packard Entpr Dev Lp | Wireless network system and method configured to mitigate co-channel interference |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001255207A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
WO2001076106B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
WO2001076106A3 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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