WO2001088575A2 - Holographic reflector - Google Patents
Holographic reflector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001088575A2 WO2001088575A2 PCT/US2001/013902 US0113902W WO0188575A2 WO 2001088575 A2 WO2001088575 A2 WO 2001088575A2 US 0113902 W US0113902 W US 0113902W WO 0188575 A2 WO0188575 A2 WO 0188575A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- coating
- holographic
- layer
- display
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0276—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording
- G03H1/028—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording by embossing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0244—Surface relief holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/12—Special arrangement of layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/36—Conform enhancement layer
Definitions
- This invention relates to holographic reflectors for display devices.
- Fig. 1 shows a display device 10 with a screen 12 and a brightness enhancing holographic reflector 14.
- the holographic reflector includes a substrate 16 embossed on a surface with a holographic interference pattern 18.
- the holographic interference pattern 18 is coated with a metallic layer 20 to enhance efficiency and transform the transmission hologram into a hologram that may be viewed by reflection.
- ambient light 22 enters the display screen 12 and is diffusely reflected from the metallic layer 20 and steered into an achromatic viewing zone 24 determined by the holographic interference pattern 18.
- the holographic reflector 14 decouples the peak brightness of the display background from the glare off the front surface 13 of the screen 12 and provides to an observer 26 enhanced and more uniform display brightness, more defined display characters, and a more uniform white display background compared to a display with a conventional, non-holographic metallic reflector.
- a typical liquid crystal display (LCD) 110 is shown that includes a backlight 130 and a holographic reflector 114.
- the holographic reflector 114 includes a substrate 116 embossed on a surface with a holographic interference pattern 118.
- the interference pattern 118 is coated with a metallic layer 120.
- the adhesive layer 132 is attached to a conventional LCD apparatus including a back polarizer 134, a front polarizer 136, and a liquid crystal assembly 138.
- holographic interference pattern 118 and very thinly deposited metallic layers 120 provide a reasonably acceptable compromise between good reflectance and transmittance in the holographic reflector 114. If the metallic layer 120 is made thicker, reflectance is enhanced, but the reflector 114 becomes more opaque and cannot effectively transmit light emitted by the backlight 130.
- the holographic reflector must be highly reflective to control glare in bright ambient light and highly transmissive to light emitted from the backlight to provide enhanced brightness in low ambient light.
- the invention is a holographic reflector including a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon; and a coating on the holographic pattern.
- the coating includes at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention is a display device including a display unit, a backlight, and a holographic reflector between the display and the backlight.
- the holographic reflector includes a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon; and a coating on the holographic pattern, wherein the coating comprises at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention is a method for providing a colored display in a display device with a display unit and a backlight, including providing between the display and the backlight a holographic reflector.
- the holographic reflector includes a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon; and a coating on the holographic pattern, wherein the coating includes at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention is an electronic device including a display, wherein the display has a display unit, a backlight; and a holographic reflector between the display and the backlight.
- the holographic reflector includes a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon; and a coating on the holograpliic pattern, wherein the coating includes at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention is a method for increasing the brightness of a display device with a display unit and a backlight, including providing between the display and the backlight a holographic reflector.
- the holographic reflector includes a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon; and a coating on the holographic pattern, wherein the coating includes at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention is a method of enhancing the transmittance of a holographic reflector including a substrate with a holographic pattern thereon and a metallic coating on the holographic pattern.
- the method includes replacing at least a portion of the metallic coating with a dielectric coating including at least one layer of a dielectric material.
- the invention provides the following advantages compared to conventional holographic reflectors with a metallic reflective layer: enhanced control of display color, and increased backlight transmission.
- Fig 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of a holographic reflector in a display device.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a holographic reflector in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a holographic reflector with metallic and dielectric layers.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view of a polarized holographic reflector with a dielectric layer.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of a holographic reflector with a multi- layer dielectric coating.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic cross sectional view of a holographic reflector with an anti- reflective layer in a liquid crystal display (LCD) device.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- a holographic reflector 214 is shown that includes a substrate
- holographic reflectors and methods for their manufacture are described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,659,408.
- an UN or solvent curable embossable polymeric coating layer (not shown in Fig. 3) is applied on a substrate and subsequently embossed with a holographic pattern.
- the embossable coating may also include a metallic layer, or, the metallic layer may be applied after the embossing step.
- the holographic interference pattern 218 may include two-dimensional or three-dimensional images that may be used for graphic design, identification or serialization, or the prevention of counterfeiting.
- the materials used for the substrate 216 may vary widely depending on the intended application, and any material with sufficient structural integrity to substantially maintain its shape during and after embossing procedures may be used.
- the substrate 216 is a polymeric material, and may or may not be birefringent.
- a polymeric film such as, for example, polyethylene terepthalate (PET), has been found to work well in LCD applications.
- the thickness of the substrate 216 is typically about 0.050 mm.
- a metallic layer 220 is coated on the interference pattern 218 in the substrate 216, or may be applied to the embossable layer on the substrate prior to the embossing step.
- the metallic layer may be made of any highly reflective metal, such as, for example, silver, gold, aluminum and the like. Aluminum is generally preferred on the basis of its high reflectivity and low cost.
- the metallic layer may be deposited using any known thin film deposition process, such as, for example, sputtering, vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or electroplating
- a dielectric layer 240 is deposited on the metallic layer 220.
- the dielectric layer 240 may be any material with a refractive index of about 2 to about 4, but, typically, the dielectric layer 240 is a high refractive index oxide such as TiO 2 , MnO 2 , ZnO 2 and mixtures and combinations thereof.
- the dielectric layer 240 typically has a thickness of about 600 A to about 1200 A.
- the material in the dielectric layer may be deposited using any known thin film deposition process.
- the dielectric layer 240 allows the metallic layer 220 to be made thinner, which maintains or even increases the reflectance of the holographic reflector 214, while enhancing the transmittance of the reflector 214 to light from the display backlight.
- the holographic reflector 214 may also include an optional adhesive layer 232 for attachment of the reflector 214 to a LCD display apparatus (not shown in Fig. 3).
- the adhesive used in the adhesive layer 232 may vary widely depending on the intended application, but a pressure sensitive adhesive is typically used.
- An optional removable release liner 250 may be provided to protect the adhesive layer 232.
- a holographic reflector 314 that includes a substrate 316 having a surface embossed with a holographic interference pattern 318.
- the embossed pattern 318 has deposited thereon a layer of a dielectric material 340.
- the dielectric layer 340 is typically a high refractive index oxide such as TiO , MnO 2 , ZnO 2 and mixtures and combinations thereof.
- the material in the dielectric layer may be deposited using any known thin film deposition process.
- the dielectric layer 340 maintains or even increases the reflectance of the holographic reflector 314, while enhancing the transmittance of the reflector 314 to light from the display backlight by as much as about 60%.
- the holographic reflector 314 includes an adhesive layer 332, preferably a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, for attachment of the reflector 314 to an optional polarizer 360.
- the polarizer may include an optional hard polymeric coating (not shown in Fig. 4) on either or both sides.
- a second adhesive layer 370 may be used to adhere the reflector 314 to an LCD display apparatus (not shown in Fig. 4), and an optional removable release liner 350 may be provided to protect the adhesive layer 370.
- An optional anti-static layer 380 may be adhered to the substrate 316. Referring to Fig. 5, a holographic reflector 414 is shown that includes a substrate
- the coating 444 includes a first layer of a dielectric material 440. Deposited on the first dielectric layer 440 is a second dielectric layer 442.
- the dielectric layers 440 and 442 are high refractive index oxide such as TiO , MnO 2 , ZnO 2 and mixtures and combinations thereof. The thicknesses and the refractive indices of the dielectric layers 440 and 442 may be varied to achieve a particular color or range of colors in reflection.
- the reflector 414 maintains high transmission efficiency due to the transparent nature of the coating 444, while the design of the coating 444 transmits an emission spectrum of the backlight to attain a specific color when the backlight is activated.
- the reflector 414 may further include an optional adhesive layer 432 to adhere the reflector 414 to an LCD display apparatus (not shown in Fig. 5).
- An optional removable release liner 450 may be provided to protect the adhesive layer 432.
- the reflector 414 may also optionally include a metallic layer (not shown in Fig. 5) above, below or between the dielectric layers 440 and 442.
- a LCD display device 510 that includes a holographic reflector 514.
- the reflector 514 includes a substrate 516 having a surface embossed with a holographic interference pattern 518.
- the embossed pattern 518 has deposited thereon at least one layer of a dielectric material 540.
- an anti-reflection layer 590 is applied on a surface of the substrate 516 opposite the interference pattern 518.
- the anti-reflection layer typically a polymeric film such as, for example, polyethylene, increases the transmission of the reflector 514 by reducing the amount of reflected light. If a polyethylene anti- reflection layer 590 is used in a LCD, an increase in transmission of about 4% has been observed from the reduction of reflected light at the air interface between the anti- reflection layer 590 and the backlight 530.
- the anti-reflection layer may be applied to any of the embodiments of the invention discussed above.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01934952A EP1285289A2 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2001-04-30 | Holographic reflector |
AU2001261093A AU2001261093A1 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2001-04-30 | Holographic reflector |
JP2001584911A JP2003533727A (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2001-04-30 | Holographic reflector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57118000A | 2000-05-16 | 2000-05-16 | |
US09/571,180 | 2000-05-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001088575A2 true WO2001088575A2 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
WO2001088575A3 WO2001088575A3 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
Family
ID=24282633
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/013902 WO2001088575A2 (en) | 2000-05-16 | 2001-04-30 | Holographic reflector |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1285289A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003533727A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20030001493A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1429347A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001261093A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001088575A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7651863B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2010-01-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surface-enhanced spectroscopic method, flexible structured substrate, and method of making the same |
US7906057B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nanostructured article and method of making the same |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100440336C (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2008-12-03 | 先锋株式会社 | Hologram record carrier, hologram apparatus and recording method |
EP4016173A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-22 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device and liquid crystal display device |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4856857A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1989-08-15 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Transparent reflection-type |
EP0404098A2 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic optical elements having a reflection hologram formed in a photopolymer |
US5418631A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1995-05-23 | Kaiser Optical Systems, Inc. | Edge-lit holographic diffusers for flat-panel displays |
EP0720040A2 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-03 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination system and display device |
EP0733928A2 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-25 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Holographic backlight for flat panel displays |
EP0811859A2 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Holographic reflector and reflective liquid crystal display using it |
US5948199A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1999-09-07 | Mcgrew; Stephen Paul | Surface relief holograms and holographic hot-stamping foils, and method of fabricating same |
-
2001
- 2001-04-30 EP EP01934952A patent/EP1285289A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-30 AU AU2001261093A patent/AU2001261093A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-30 JP JP2001584911A patent/JP2003533727A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-30 WO PCT/US2001/013902 patent/WO2001088575A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-30 CN CN01809553A patent/CN1429347A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-30 KR KR1020027015320A patent/KR20030001493A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5948199A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1999-09-07 | Mcgrew; Stephen Paul | Surface relief holograms and holographic hot-stamping foils, and method of fabricating same |
US4856857A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1989-08-15 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Transparent reflection-type |
EP0404098A2 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic optical elements having a reflection hologram formed in a photopolymer |
US5418631A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1995-05-23 | Kaiser Optical Systems, Inc. | Edge-lit holographic diffusers for flat-panel displays |
EP0720040A2 (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1996-07-03 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Illumination system and display device |
EP0733928A2 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-25 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Holographic backlight for flat panel displays |
EP0811859A2 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Holographic reflector and reflective liquid crystal display using it |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7651863B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2010-01-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surface-enhanced spectroscopic method, flexible structured substrate, and method of making the same |
US7888129B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2011-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surface-enhanced spectroscopic method, flexible structured substrate, and method of making the same |
US7906057B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nanostructured article and method of making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001261093A1 (en) | 2001-11-26 |
EP1285289A2 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
JP2003533727A (en) | 2003-11-11 |
WO2001088575A3 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
KR20030001493A (en) | 2003-01-06 |
CN1429347A (en) | 2003-07-09 |
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