WO2001089031A1 - Antenna arrangement - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001089031A1
WO2001089031A1 PCT/SE2001/001078 SE0101078W WO0189031A1 WO 2001089031 A1 WO2001089031 A1 WO 2001089031A1 SE 0101078 W SE0101078 W SE 0101078W WO 0189031 A1 WO0189031 A1 WO 0189031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ground plane
antenna
connector element
arrangement
conductive space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2001/001078
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001089031A8 (en
Inventor
Tony BJÖRKMAN
Jan SJÖHOLM
Original Assignee
Avantego Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0001811A external-priority patent/SE0001811D0/en
Priority to AU58992/01A priority Critical patent/AU5899201A/en
Application filed by Avantego Ab filed Critical Avantego Ab
Publication of WO2001089031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001089031A1/en
Publication of WO2001089031A8 publication Critical patent/WO2001089031A8/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna arrangement of the type that comprises a ground plane spaced apart from an antenna plane for use in a mobile communication device.
  • the invention concerns the ground plane dependent antennas.
  • the invention also concerns a communication device including such an antenna.
  • the wireless forms of communications have become a standard way of communication.
  • means for conducting a wireless communication such as cordless telephones, lap top computers with wireless modems, satellite and cellular telephones.
  • the communication device i.e. the mobile handsets rapidly become smaller and lighter and the globalisation demand, multiple communication functions and standards being combined into a single unit, e.g. for communicates in multiple frequency bands.
  • radiotelephone systems There are a variety of different radiotelephone systems in use today.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile telecommunication
  • AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System
  • DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
  • PCS Personal Communication Services
  • DCS Digital Communication System
  • PCN Personal Communication Networks
  • the antenna requires a load, either capacitive or inductive.
  • An inductive load consists of slots within the antenna and a capacitive load is formed by either a dielectric material placed at certain locations or bringing the metal closer to the ground plane. Both methods of forming a capacitive load require three-dimensional structures.
  • a parasitic (or galvanic coupled) element may be placed above the antenna, where this parasitic element would have a resonance at a higher frequency band.
  • This layered construction of the antenna requires more complex mass-production techniques than single layer microstrip antennas.
  • the antenna may consist of several elements parallel to each other. Although the antenna consists of only one layer, the parallel elements have a strong coupling, making it difficult to tune each element separately.
  • the antenna designers invest a great deal of time for designing the half of the antenna, i.e. the radiator part, while the second half, i.e. ground plane, has not been changed remarkably in past years.
  • an antenna arrangement having a ground plane, which in one embodiment can be is provided with a notch. Changing the size of the notch changes the radiation characteristics.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an antenna of ground plane dependent type, which through a new tuned ground plane structure, provides enhanced antenna characteristics.
  • Other object of the invention is to provide a ground plane that can be a part of the matching component in a communications device.
  • the ground plane in the initially mentioned antenna arrangement is arranged with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuneable and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit.
  • the ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load, that the capacitive load in from of said non-conductive space is arranged in a distance from said connector element and that said inductive load in from of said non-conductive space is arranged close to said connector element.
  • said ground plane has an electrical length, electrically sufficient for good performance of antenna. Most preferably, said electrical length is > 1/4 ⁇ , wherein ⁇ is the antenna's operation wavelength.
  • the ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load. In one embodiment said ground plane is arranged through etching on a circuit board. A capacitive load in from of a non-conductive space is arranged in a distance from the connector elements. An inductive load in from of a non-conductive space is arranged close to the connector elements.
  • an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna element arranged spaced apart from a ground plane and provided with at least one feeding connector element and at least one ground connector element.
  • the method is accomplished by arranging said ground plane with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit.
  • the invention also concerns a communication arrangement comprising an internally arranged antenna device, comprising an antenna element arranged spaced apart from a ground plane and provided with at least one feeding connector element and at least one ground connector element.
  • the ground plane is provided with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit.
  • the communication arrangement may be a cellular phone or a Bluetooth-based device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section along line A-A in fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows a magnified view of the encircled section in fig. 2
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-section along line B-B in fig. 1, illustrating a first embodiment
  • Fig. 5 shows a magnified view of the encircled section in fig. 4.
  • the main features of the present invention include changing the characteristics of the ground plane, among others through altering its electrical length (with respect to the antenna element) and/or arranging inductive or capacitive loads.
  • reference sign 10 denotes an antenna arrangement, comprising an antenna element 11, a ground plane 12, connector elements 13 and 14, and a spacer 15.
  • the antenna element 11 is a dual or multi band antenna consisting of a conductive sheet provided with a substantially longitudinal and vertical slit 16 or non-conductive space.
  • slits 16 if arranged, may have other shape and location on the antenna element. In case of a single band antenna the slit 16 can be eliminated.
  • the connector element 13 is arranged as a substantially S-shaped clip or clasp (figs. 2 and 3). Clearly, the shape of the clip is not limited to S-shape and can be varied.
  • the connector element 13 is arranged to connect the antenna element 11 to a feed point 17 on a PCB 18.
  • the connector element 14 is arranged to connect the ground plane 12 and antenna element 11. The feed and grounding points can be connected to the sender/receiver circuitry (not shown) of the communication device.
  • the connector clip 13 (figs. 2-3) comprises a first end 21 connecting to the antenna element 11.
  • the clip as mentioned above is substantially S-shaped, having a first section 131 (fig. 3) and a second section 132.
  • the first section 131 comprises two substantially parallel portions 133 and 134, also substantially parallel to the antenna element 11 and ground plane 12. The distance between said first and second portions corresponds to the spacer 15.
  • the second portion is substantially "nose"-sha ⁇ ed having an inclining section 135, which ends in a connector end 136.
  • the portion 133 is arranged with a bulging 137.
  • the clip is connected to the antenna element 11, at the end section 21 through an extension 139, which extends inside a groove on the antenna element.
  • the end 21 can be fixed in place by means of a rivet, a weld, conductive adhesive, etc.
  • a rivet By prearranging the grooves on the antenna element 11, it is possible to obtain a distinct distance between the ends 21 and 22 of the clips, which affects the antenna characteristics.
  • the ground plane 12 can be longer than the antenna element 11, which gives it a longer electrical length. It is important that the antenna has an electrical length, electrically sufficient for good performance, preferably it can be > 1/4 ⁇ , wherein ⁇ is the antenna's operation wavelength. Moreover, it is at one end arranged with slits 121 and 122, which form the capacitive and inductive loads.
  • the length of the ground plane, the number of slits, their shape and position can vary with respect to the desired antenna characteristics. A good capacitive characteristic is obtained if the capacitive load is placed distanced from the feeding points (21, 22) and a good inductive load is obtained if the inductive load is placed close to the feeding points.
  • the capacitive load can be modified by bending at least part of the ground plane with respect to the antenna element.
  • the characteristics of the loads of the ground plane affect the characteristics of the entire antenna.
  • the ground plane is a part of antenna separate from the PCB. However, it can be arranged as a part of the PCB, e.g. through etching a specific pattern on one side of the PCB. Thus, it is important that the RF ground is adjusted to increase the performance.
  • the feeding connector clip 13 (fig. 3) is isolated from the ground plane 12 through an opening 20 in the ground plane 12. For this reason, the spacer 15 is provided with an extension 151, on which some part of the section 133 bears against, which distances it from the ground plane 12. It is also possible to isolate the clip 13 from the ground plane 12 in another ways.
  • the connector clip 14 is disclosed in more detail.
  • the clip 14 according to this embodiment is a substantially U-shaped part connecting between the antenna element and the ground plane.
  • the shape of the clips is not limited to U-shape and can be varied.
  • the ground plane 12 can be connected to ground, e.g. in case of a PIFA, through a pin 14' shaped as prying from the PCB or other section connecting to the ground plane.
  • the antenna has a modular structure, comprising of parts which can be manufactured separately and assembled together with regard to the communication device design, frequency requirements etc.; for example, the location of the connector clips can be varied to obtain required antenna features, the form of the antenna element can be varied for obtaining single or multi-band characteristics while same ground plate is used and so on.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the present invention can be used in any suitable communications device, such as cellular phones, bluetooth devices etc.

Abstract

The invention refers to an antenna arrangement (10) of the type that comprises an antenna element (11) arranged spaced apart from a ground plane (12) and provided with at least one feeding connector element (13) and at least one ground connector element (14, 14'). The ground plane (12) is arranged with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit.

Description

TITLE
ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antenna arrangement of the type that comprises a ground plane spaced apart from an antenna plane for use in a mobile communication device.
Especially the invention concerns the ground plane dependent antennas. The invention also concerns a communication device including such an antenna.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The wireless forms of communications have become a standard way of communication. There are many types of means for conducting a wireless communication, such as cordless telephones, lap top computers with wireless modems, satellite and cellular telephones. The communication device, i.e. the mobile handsets rapidly become smaller and lighter and the globalisation demand, multiple communication functions and standards being combined into a single unit, e.g. for communicates in multiple frequency bands. There are a variety of different radiotelephone systems in use today. These include different analogue or digital CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) based systems like GSM (Global System for Mobile telecommunication), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), PCS (Personal Communication Services), DCS (Digital Communication System), PCN (Personal Communication Networks ), PDC 800 and 1500 and different cordless telephone systems.
Different systems operate in different frequency bands, thus requiring different antennas for maximum efficiency. Over the past years, since the first PIFA (Planar rnverted-F Antenna) was disclosed, there have been several types of microstrip antennas with both a feed and a ground connection. Several methods of unique feeding or loading arrangements of the antenna (or combinations of both) have been disclosed.
In order to reduce the size of a microstrip antenna, the antenna requires a load, either capacitive or inductive. An inductive load consists of slots within the antenna and a capacitive load is formed by either a dielectric material placed at certain locations or bringing the metal closer to the ground plane. Both methods of forming a capacitive load require three-dimensional structures.
To address multiple frequency bands, there are several know methods. A parasitic (or galvanic coupled) element may be placed above the antenna, where this parasitic element would have a resonance at a higher frequency band. This layered construction of the antenna requires more complex mass-production techniques than single layer microstrip antennas.
Alternatively, the antenna may consist of several elements parallel to each other. Although the antenna consists of only one layer, the parallel elements have a strong coupling, making it difficult to tune each element separately.
Moreover, the antenna designers invest a great deal of time for designing the half of the antenna, i.e. the radiator part, while the second half, i.e. ground plane, has not been changed remarkably in past years.
In the European Patent Application No. 892459 - Al, an antenna arrangement is disclosed having a ground plane, which in one embodiment can be is provided with a notch. Changing the size of the notch changes the radiation characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide an antenna of ground plane dependent type, which through a new tuned ground plane structure, provides enhanced antenna characteristics. Other object of the invention is to provide a ground plane that can be a part of the matching component in a communications device.
Therefore the ground plane in the initially mentioned antenna arrangement is arranged with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuneable and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit. The ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load, that the capacitive load in from of said non-conductive space is arranged in a distance from said connector element and that said inductive load in from of said non-conductive space is arranged close to said connector element.
Preferably, said ground plane has an electrical length, electrically sufficient for good performance of antenna. Most preferably, said electrical length is > 1/4 λ, wherein λ is the antenna's operation wavelength. In one embodiment, the ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load. In one embodiment said ground plane is arranged through etching on a circuit board. A capacitive load in from of a non-conductive space is arranged in a distance from the connector elements. An inductive load in from of a non-conductive space is arranged close to the connector elements.
According to a method of tuning an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna element arranged spaced apart from a ground plane and provided with at least one feeding connector element and at least one ground connector element. The method is accomplished by arranging said ground plane with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit.
The invention also concerns a communication arrangement comprising an internally arranged antenna device, comprising an antenna element arranged spaced apart from a ground plane and provided with at least one feeding connector element and at least one ground connector element. The ground plane is provided with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit. The communication arrangement may be a cellular phone or a Bluetooth-based device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following, the invention will be further described in a non-limiting way under reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a cross-section along line A-A in fig. 1,
Fig. 3 shows a magnified view of the encircled section in fig. 2,
Fig. 4 is a cross-section along line B-B in fig. 1, illustrating a first embodiment, and
Fig. 5 shows a magnified view of the encircled section in fig. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
The main features of the present invention include changing the characteristics of the ground plane, among others through altering its electrical length (with respect to the antenna element) and/or arranging inductive or capacitive loads.
Referring to figs. 1-5, reference sign 10 denotes an antenna arrangement, comprising an antenna element 11, a ground plane 12, connector elements 13 and 14, and a spacer 15.
The antenna element 11 is a dual or multi band antenna consisting of a conductive sheet provided with a substantially longitudinal and vertical slit 16 or non-conductive space. However, slits 16, if arranged, may have other shape and location on the antenna element. In case of a single band antenna the slit 16 can be eliminated.
The connector element 13 is arranged as a substantially S-shaped clip or clasp (figs. 2 and 3). Clearly, the shape of the clip is not limited to S-shape and can be varied. The connector element 13 is arranged to connect the antenna element 11 to a feed point 17 on a PCB 18. The connector element 14 is arranged to connect the ground plane 12 and antenna element 11. The feed and grounding points can be connected to the sender/receiver circuitry (not shown) of the communication device.
The connector clip 13 (figs. 2-3) comprises a first end 21 connecting to the antenna element 11. The clip, as mentioned above is substantially S-shaped, having a first section 131 (fig. 3) and a second section 132. The first section 131 comprises two substantially parallel portions 133 and 134, also substantially parallel to the antenna element 11 and ground plane 12. The distance between said first and second portions corresponds to the spacer 15. The second portion is substantially "nose"-shaρed having an inclining section 135, which ends in a connector end 136. The portion 133 is arranged with a bulging 137. The clip is connected to the antenna element 11, at the end section 21 through an extension 139, which extends inside a groove on the antenna element. The end 21 can be fixed in place by means of a rivet, a weld, conductive adhesive, etc. By prearranging the grooves on the antenna element 11, it is possible to obtain a distinct distance between the ends 21 and 22 of the clips, which affects the antenna characteristics.
As it is evident from fig. 1, the ground plane 12 can be longer than the antenna element 11, which gives it a longer electrical length. It is important that the antenna has an electrical length, electrically sufficient for good performance, preferably it can be > 1/4 λ, wherein λ is the antenna's operation wavelength. Moreover, it is at one end arranged with slits 121 and 122, which form the capacitive and inductive loads. The length of the ground plane, the number of slits, their shape and position can vary with respect to the desired antenna characteristics. A good capacitive characteristic is obtained if the capacitive load is placed distanced from the feeding points (21, 22) and a good inductive load is obtained if the inductive load is placed close to the feeding points. Moreover, the capacitive load can be modified by bending at least part of the ground plane with respect to the antenna element. Thus, the characteristics of the loads of the ground plane affect the characteristics of the entire antenna. In the described embodiment, the ground plane is a part of antenna separate from the PCB. However, it can be arranged as a part of the PCB, e.g. through etching a specific pattern on one side of the PCB. Thus, it is important that the RF ground is adjusted to increase the performance.
The feeding connector clip 13 (fig. 3) is isolated from the ground plane 12 through an opening 20 in the ground plane 12. For this reason, the spacer 15 is provided with an extension 151, on which some part of the section 133 bears against, which distances it from the ground plane 12. It is also possible to isolate the clip 13 from the ground plane 12 in another ways.
In figs. 4 and 5 the connector clip 14 is disclosed in more detail. The clip 14 according to this embodiment is a substantially U-shaped part connecting between the antenna element and the ground plane. Clearly, the shape of the clips is not limited to U-shape and can be varied. The ground plane 12 can be connected to ground, e.g. in case of a PIFA, through a pin 14' shaped as prying from the PCB or other section connecting to the ground plane.
Accordingly, the antenna has a modular structure, comprising of parts which can be manufactured separately and assembled together with regard to the communication device design, frequency requirements etc.; for example, the location of the connector clips can be varied to obtain required antenna features, the form of the antenna element can be varied for obtaining single or multi-band characteristics while same ground plate is used and so on.
The antenna arrangement according to the present invention can be used in any suitable communications device, such as cellular phones, bluetooth devices etc.
The invention is not limited the shown embodiments but can be varied in number of ways without departing from the scope of the appended claims and the arrangement and the method can be implemented in various ways depending on application, functional units, needs and requirements etc.

Claims

1. An antenna arrangement (10) of the type that comprises an antenna element (11) arranged spaced apart from a ground plane (12) and provided with at least one feeding connector element (13), said ground plane (12) being arranged with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit. characterized in that said ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space (121, 122) arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load, that the capacitive load in from of said non-conductive space (122) is arranged in a distance from said connector element and that said inductive load in from of said non-conductive space (121) is arranged close to said connector element.
2. The arrangement of claim 1, characterized in that said ground plane has an electrical length, electrically sufficient for good performance of antenna
3. The arrangement of claim 2, characterized in that said electrical length can be > 1/4 λ, wherein λ is the antenna's operation wavelength.
4. The arrangement according to any of preceding claims, characterized in, that said ground plane is arranged through etching on a circuit board.
5. A method of tuning an antenna arrangement comprising an antenna element (11) arranged spaced apart from a ground plane (12) and provided with at least one feeding connector element (13), said ground plane (12) being arranged with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit, characterized by providing said ground plane with at least one non-conductive space (121, 122) arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load, arranging said capacitive load in from of said non- conductive space (122) in a distance from said connector element and arranging said inductive load in from of said non-conductive space (121) close to said connector element.
6. A communication arrangement comprising an internally arranged antenna device (10), comprising an antenna element (11) arranged spaced apart from a ground plane (12) and provided with at least one feeding connector element (13), said ground plane (12) being provided with a specific length and/or pattern so that it is tuned and arranged as at least a part of a matching circuit in said communication arrangement, characterized in that said ground plane is provided with at least one non-conductive space (121, 122) arranged as a capacitive and/or inductive load, that the capacitive load in from of said non-conductive space (122) is arranged in a distance from said connector element and that said inductive load in from of said non-conductive space (121) is arranged close to said connector element.
7. The communication arrangement of claim 6, characterized in, that said communication arrangement is a cellular phone.
8. The communication arrangement of claim 6, characterized in, that said communication arrangement is a Bluetooth device.
PCT/SE2001/001078 2000-05-15 2001-05-15 Antenna arrangement WO2001089031A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU58992/01A AU5899201A (en) 2000-05-15 2001-05-14 Antenna arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20432500P 2000-05-15 2000-05-15
US60/204,325 2000-05-15
SE0001811-9 2000-05-15
SE0001811A SE0001811D0 (en) 2000-05-15 2000-05-15 Antenna arrangement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001089031A1 true WO2001089031A1 (en) 2001-11-22
WO2001089031A8 WO2001089031A8 (en) 2002-02-28

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AU (1) AU5899201A (en)
WO (1) WO2001089031A1 (en)

Cited By (13)

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EP1401050A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-24 Filtronic LK Oy Internal antenna
WO2005008835A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-01-27 Psion Teklogix Inc. Internal antenna with slots
FR2884972A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-27 Valeo Securite Habitacle Sas Carrier identification badge for automatic locking/unlocking of vehicle, has antenna formed at interior of case in which printed circuit is assembled, where air space between circuit and antenna has specific thickness
WO2006114477A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Pulse Finland Oy Slot antenna
US7504997B2 (en) 2003-02-19 2009-03-17 Fractus, S.A. Miniature antenna having a volumetric structure
US7688276B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2010-03-30 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US7872605B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2011-01-18 Fractus, S.A. Slotted ground-plane used as a slot antenna or used for a PIFA antenna
US7928915B2 (en) 2004-09-21 2011-04-19 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel ground-plane for a mobile device
US7932863B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2011-04-26 Fractus, S.A. Shaped ground plane for radio apparatus
EP2453522A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-16 Huizhou TCL Mobile Communication Co., Ltd Mobile communication terminal
US9761934B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2017-09-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9899727B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2018-02-20 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US10355346B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2019-07-16 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas

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US5764190A (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-06-09 The Hong Kong University Of Science & Technology Capacitively loaded PIFA
EP0892459A1 (en) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Double resonance antenna structure for several frequency ranges
EP1052723A2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antenna construction

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US5262792A (en) * 1991-09-11 1993-11-16 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Shortened non-grounded type ultrashort-wave antenna
US5764190A (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-06-09 The Hong Kong University Of Science & Technology Capacitively loaded PIFA
EP0892459A1 (en) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Double resonance antenna structure for several frequency ranges
EP1052723A2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-15 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antenna construction

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10056682B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2018-08-21 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US9761934B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2017-09-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel antennae
US10355346B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2019-07-16 Fractus, S.A. Space-filling miniature antennas
US7911394B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2011-03-22 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US8581785B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2013-11-12 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US7688276B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2010-03-30 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel and space-filling ground-planes for miniature and multiband antennas
US6985108B2 (en) * 2002-09-19 2006-01-10 Filtronic Lk Oy Internal antenna
EP1401050A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-03-24 Filtronic LK Oy Internal antenna
US8149171B2 (en) 2003-02-19 2012-04-03 Fractus, S.A. Miniature antenna having a volumetric structure
US8593349B2 (en) 2003-02-19 2013-11-26 Fractus, S.A. Miniature antenna having a volumetric structure
US7504997B2 (en) 2003-02-19 2009-03-17 Fractus, S.A. Miniature antenna having a volumetric structure
EP2273615A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2011-01-12 Psion Teklogix Inc. Internal antenna with slots
WO2005008835A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-01-27 Psion Teklogix Inc. Internal antenna with slots
US7050009B2 (en) 2003-07-22 2006-05-23 Psion Teklogix Inc. Internal antenna
US7928915B2 (en) 2004-09-21 2011-04-19 Fractus, S.A. Multilevel ground-plane for a mobile device
US7932863B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2011-04-26 Fractus, S.A. Shaped ground plane for radio apparatus
US8593360B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2013-11-26 Fractus, S.A. Slotted ground-plane used as a slot antenna or used for a PIFA antenna
US7872605B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2011-01-18 Fractus, S.A. Slotted ground-plane used as a slot antenna or used for a PIFA antenna
US8111199B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2012-02-07 Fractus, S.A. Slotted ground-plane used as a slot antenna or used for a PIFA antenna
FR2884972A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-27 Valeo Securite Habitacle Sas Carrier identification badge for automatic locking/unlocking of vehicle, has antenna formed at interior of case in which printed circuit is assembled, where air space between circuit and antenna has specific thickness
WO2006114477A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Pulse Finland Oy Slot antenna
US9899727B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2018-02-20 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US10644380B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2020-05-05 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11031677B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2021-06-08 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11349200B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2022-05-31 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US11735810B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2023-08-22 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
EP2453522A4 (en) * 2009-07-07 2014-05-21 Huizhou Tcl Mobile Comm Co Ltd Mobile communication terminal
EP2453522A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-16 Huizhou TCL Mobile Communication Co., Ltd Mobile communication terminal

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AU5899201A (en) 2001-11-26

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