WO2001093053A1 - Systeme d'authentification d'un corps humain vivant - Google Patents
Systeme d'authentification d'un corps humain vivant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001093053A1 WO2001093053A1 PCT/JP2001/004405 JP0104405W WO0193053A1 WO 2001093053 A1 WO2001093053 A1 WO 2001093053A1 JP 0104405 W JP0104405 W JP 0104405W WO 0193053 A1 WO0193053 A1 WO 0193053A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fingerprint
- information
- image
- card
- writer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
- G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
- G06Q20/4014—Identity check for transactions
- G06Q20/40145—Biometric identity checks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
- G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/29—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass containing active electronic elements, e.g. smartcards
Definitions
- the present invention relates to biometric information collation technology used for entry / exit management and access control of information systems in important facilities, and particularly to fingerprint collation technology.
- biometric information collation technology used for entry / exit management and access control of information systems in important facilities, and particularly to fingerprint collation technology.
- access control technologies that allow only users to enter and leave facilities and use information systems. Examples of such access control technology include the following.
- Reference 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-19895 (hereinafter referred to as Reference 1) discloses a biometric information of a user recorded in advance in a door management device and a biometric information input at the time of entrance and exit. It describes what prevents unauthorized intrusion into a controlled area by collating it with information.
- Reference 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-124648 discloses that a server has a biometric information file of a user, and that a server inputs a biometric information file.
- the document describes a system that verifies a user's biometric information on a server to prevent unauthorized access to a computer system.
- Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-1044946 (hereinafter referred to as Document 3) records a user's biometric information in a portable recording device such as an IC card, and newly introduces the device.
- the document describes that the client checks the biometric information of the user entered in the above to prevent unauthorized access to computer systems.
- the door management device is realized by a device that does not have tamper resistance, the user is not authenticated by falsifying, falsifying, or stealing the user's fingerprint information or collation result.
- Impersonation impersonation impersonation There is a problem that is possible.
- the server centrally manages biometric information, which is user-specific information, and performs fingerprint matching. Forgery, falsification, plagiarism, etc. of information and verification results are difficult.
- the centralized management of personal information such as fingerprints may increase the psychological resistance of the user, may result in a large number of biometric information being stolen at one time, or may require management of a large number of users.
- problems such as an increase in cost for managing a file for recording biometric information.
- the present invention provides a fingerprint collation system that is highly secure and can reduce cost.
- a biometric authentication system includes a tamper-resistant portable storage device with an arithmetic function, and a tamper-resistant reader / writer that reads and writes information from and to the portable storage device.
- the reader / writer is a biological information input device for inputting biological information. And performs pre-processing of the biological information input by the biological information input device, and transmits the pre-processed intermediate information to the portable storage device.
- the portable storage device includes a biometric information template and a secret key used for electronic authentication, performs collation between the intermediate information and the template, and when the collation matches, the secret key is used. Make it available. If the biometric information is fingerprint information, the reader / writer sequentially transmits fingerprint image information necessary for fingerprint collation to the portable storage device, and the portable storage device sequentially processes the fingerprint image information Thus, fingerprint matching may be performed.
- information for correcting a positional deviation between the registered fingerprint recorded in the template and the newly input fingerprint is calculated using the core position of the fingerprint, and a small area around the characteristic point of the registered fingerprint is calculated.
- the image may be searched for by matching around the coordinates of the input fingerprint whose position has been corrected on the image, and the identity of the template and the fingerprint image may be determined based on the number of matching small images.
- a perpendicular vector of the ridge may be searched, and a position where the perpendicular vector greatly changes may be determined as the fingerprint core.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an access processing system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of an IC card according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the fingerprint information 243.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of the reader / writer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic flow of fingerprint collation.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a fingerprint core and feature points.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic flow of the preprocessing.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a core position detecting process.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the core search processing.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a candidate point calculation table in the core search processing.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a core search result table in the core search processing.
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram of a ridge direction calculating method.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the ridge direction calculation processing.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a schematic flow of the collation processing.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an APDU that calls a correction vector calculation process.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a response APDU from the correction vector calculation process.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU for calling a chip position calculation process.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a response APDU from the chip position calculation process.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU that calls the chip matching process.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a response AP DU from the chip matching process.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of a correction vector calculation process.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the chip position calculating process.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the chip matching process.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the concept of the chip matching process.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a mismatch bit number search table.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the matching process.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of an APDU for calling the second correction vector calculation process.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the second correction vector calculation process.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of a feature point map.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a processing flow when the correction vector is calculated by the reader / writer 110.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU requesting transmission of the coordinates of a feature point of a registered fingerprint.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of a response APDU from the special point position transmission processing.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an access management system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. n
- a terminal 120 a reader / writer 110, and an IC card 100.
- the host computer 130 is for performing a banking operation, and an application 1331 for an employee to perform a banking operation is being executed.
- Abbreviations 1 3 1 will be available after the staff confirms that they are the correct registered user (identification).
- the terminal 120 is a terminal for using the application 131, and is connected to the host computer 130 by a network 140.
- the terminal 120 also relays when the host computer 130, the reader / writer 110, and the IC card 100 exchange information required for personal authentication.
- the reader / writer 110 is a device for reading and writing data from and to the IC card 100, and is connected to the terminal 120.
- the reader / writer 110 includes an interface 111, a fingerprint input unit 113, and a preprocessing unit 112.
- the interface 111 transmits information to / from the terminal 120 and the IC card 100.
- the fingerprint input unit 1 13 reads fingerprints from staff fingers.
- the preprocessing unit 112 performs preprocessing of the read fingerprint image, and exchanges information necessary for fingerprint collation with the IC card 100.
- the IC 100 is a portable storage device with a calculation function that each employee has.
- the IC card 100 includes an interface 101, a fingerprint matching processing unit 102, an electronic authentication processing unit 103, fingerprint information 104, and authentication information 105.
- the interface 101 transmits information to and from the reader / writer 110.
- the fingerprint matching processing unit 102 compares the fingerprint information recorded in the fingerprint information 104 with the newly input fingerprint.
- the electronic authentication processing unit 103 performs electronic authentication with the host computer 130 using the authentication information 105.
- the staff has an IC card 100 on which their fingerprint information 104 is recorded in advance, and when accessing the application 131, the IC card 100 is connected to the reader / writer 110 and the reader / writer is connected. A fingerprint is newly input using the fingerprint input unit 113 of 110.
- the pre-processing unit 112 When a fingerprint is input, the pre-processing unit 112 performs pre-processing for fingerprint collation, and the pre-processing unit 112 and the fingerprint collation processing unit 102 exchange information necessary for collation. Then, it is determined whether the newly input fingerprint matches the fingerprint information 104 or not.
- the terminal 130 can access the application 130, and the staff can use the application 131.
- the IC card 100 includes an I / O port 210, a CPU 220, a RAM 230, an EPP ROM 240, and a ROM 250. Each component of the IC card 100 is connected to the bus 260 and exchanges data via the bus 260.
- the I / O port 210 is a port for exchanging data with the reader / writer 110.
- the CPU 220 is an arithmetic processing unit that performs four arithmetic operations and bit operations.
- the RAM 230 is a rewritable memory used for temporary storage of data when the CPU 220 performs an operation.
- ROM 250 is a read-only memory, and the fingerprint collation program 2 5 1 and electronic certification programs 2 5 2 and other programs and data are recorded.
- the EEPROM 240 is an electrically rewritable non-volatile memory, and includes an electronic certificate 241 for certifying the validity of the IC card 100 ′ and an IC card 100 ′.
- the secret key 2 4 2 and fingerprint information 2 4 3 to prove that the employee has the correct IC card are recorded.
- the fingerprint information 243 consists of the coordinates of the core of the fingerprint used for registration, the coordinates of a predetermined number of feature points, and small images (chip images) around each feature point.
- the number of feature points included in the fingerprint information 24 3 is 30 will be described in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the fingerprint information 2 43.
- the fingerprint information 243 has the number of chips (images), the XY coordinates of the core, the XY coordinates of the chip image, and the image data (binary data) of the chip image. How to use each information will be described later.
- the IC card 100 has tamper resistance to prevent unauthorized data access from outside or data analysis due to equipment rupture, and refers to data and programs stored inside by unauthorized means. Designed to be incapable. In addition, it has an access control function to the data stored inside, and in order to access the data inside the IC card 100, it is necessary to perform authentication using a common key or the like. Permission is required. When the power of the IC card 100 is turned on, the private key 242 of the IC card 100 is set to be not permitted to be accessed, and cannot be accessed from an external or internal program.
- the reader / writer 110 includes a 10 port 310, a CPU 320, a RAM 330, a fingerprint sensor 340, and a ROM 350. Each component of the reader / writer 100 is connected to the bus 360 and exchanges data via the bus 360.
- the I / O port 310 is a port for exchanging data with the IC card 110 and terminal 120.
- the CPU 320 is an arithmetic processing unit that performs arithmetic operations required for the reader / writer 110, such as four arithmetic operations and bit operations.
- the RAM 330 is a memory for storing data temporarily used by the CPU 320 when performing calculations.
- the fingerprint sensor 340 electronically reads a fingerprint.
- the ROM 350 is a read-only memory that performs pre-processing of fingerprint images, etc., and performs pre-processing programs 3501 and fingerprint reading that perform fingerprint verification while communicating with the IC card 100. Fingerprint reading program to control 3 5
- the reader / writer 110 has tamper resistance and is designed so that data and programs stored in the reader / writer cannot be externally referred to by an unauthorized method.
- the application 13 1 requests the terminal 12 0 to verify the employee's fingerprint, and the terminal 12 0 sends the reader / writer 11 10
- a fingerprint collation request is issued to the user (S400).
- the reader / writer 110 which has received the fingerprint collation request from the terminal 120, executes the fingerprint reading program 352, and acquires the staff fingerprint from the fingerprint sensor 340 (S405).
- the read fingerprint is recorded in the RAM 330 as a fingerprint image having, for example, 8 bits of light and shade per pixel.Reading the fingerprint by the c fingerprint sensor 340 is performed by a commonly used method, for example, the above-mentioned document. This is performed using the method described in 2.
- the pre-processing program 351 pre-processes the fingerprint image, extracts intermediate fingerprint information as information necessary for collation, and records it in the RAM 330 (S410). Details of the pre-processing will be described later.
- the fingerprint collation program 251 collates the intermediate fingerprint information with the staff's fingerprint information 243 previously recorded on the IC card 100 (S415). Details of the matching process will be described later.
- the electronic authentication program 252 performs electronic authentication with the application 131, using the activated secret key 242 (S425).
- mutual authentication between the IC card 100 and the application 1311 is performed by the method described in ANSITUITX.509.
- the preprocessing the coordinates of the fingerprint core and feature points are calculated, and a binary image of the fingerprint is created, and these are recorded in the RAM 330 as intermediate fingerprint information after the preprocessing.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a fingerprint core and feature points.
- the fingerprint core refers to the characteristic structure of the fingerprint as shown in the figure.
- feature points refer to the end points and branch points of ridges (a series of convex portions) that form a fingerprint. Normal, _ _
- Each finger has one fingerprint core and multiple feature points.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic flow of the preprocessing.
- the input fingerprint image is subjected to ridge enhancement and noise removal processing, and the processed 8-bit gray-scale fingerprint image is recorded in the RAM 330 (S600).
- This processing is performed by using a commonly used method, for example, a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-134498.
- the core which is a characteristic structure of the fingerprint is detected, and its coordinates are recorded in the intermediate fingerprint information (S605). Details of this processing will be described later.
- the 8-bit grayscale fingerprint image that has been subjected to ridge emphasis and other processing is binarized, converted to a monochrome image with 1 bit per pixel, and recorded in the intermediate fingerprint information (S610).
- This process is performed by using a commonly used method, for example, the method described in Reference 2 described above.
- the binarized fingerprint image is thinned to obtain a thinned image (S615).
- the thinned image is temporarily recorded in the RAM 330.
- the thinning process is performed by using a commonly used method, for example, a method described in Reference 2.
- an effective area 810 for calculating a candidate point is set.
- the valid area 8100 is set in the fingerprint image and is assumed to include a core.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the core position detection processing S605.
- a counter i indicating the number of searches is initialized to "1" (S700)
- a counter j indicating an index of a candidate point in one search is initialized to "1" (S705).
- the initial position of the candidate point is set according to the count i indicating the number of searches (S710).
- the initial position is set to be different for each search.
- an initial position 800 is set.
- the X and Y coordinates of the initial position are recorded at the corresponding positions in the candidate point calculation table provided in the RAM 330.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a candidate point calculation table.
- the candidate point calculation table has a “candidate point index”, “coordinates” of the candidate points, and “curvature” at each candidate point.
- the figure shows the coordinates and curvature of seven candidate points in one search.
- the coordinates of the candidate point at index 1 are 25 for the X coordinate and 25 for the Y coordinate.
- the vector 805 in the perpendicular direction of the ridge at the initial position 800 is calculated (S715). A specific calculation method will be described later.
- the perpendicular direction vector is normalized to have a preset length.
- a new candidate point is calculated from the current position of the candidate point and the vector in the perpendicular direction (S720). Specifically, a new candidate point is obtained by adding the vector in the vertical direction to the position coordinates of the current candidate point, and the X and Y coordinates of the candidate point are stored in the corresponding index of the candidate point calculation table. Record ( Next, the perpendicular direction vector of the ridge at the new candidate point is calculated (S725).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a core search result table. As shown in the figure, the core search result table has “index of the number of searches”, “coordinates of points having the maximum curvature”, and “maximum curvature” in each search.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of ending the search 10 times.
- the curvature may be obtained by any method.
- the cosine of the angle formed is defined as the curvature.
- the curvature of the fourth candidate point 820 shown in FIG. 8 is calculated by the cosine of the angle 830.
- the curvatures of all the candidate points are calculated, and the coordinates of the candidate point having the largest curvature are recorded at the corresponding positions in the core search result table.
- the curvature-0.3 is the maximum, the coordinates and the curvature of the fourth candidate point are recorded at the position corresponding to the index 1 in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a concept of a ridge direction calculating method according to the present embodiment. This figure shows a part of the fingerprint image, and the ridges are shown by solid lines.
- the ridge direction at point 2505 on a pixel of the fingerprint image can be calculated as follows. First, a plurality of points 2501 0 on a straight line passing through the point 2505 are set. Next, all the absolute values of the difference between the luminance of the point 2505 and the luminance of each point 25010 are added. This operation is performed in multiple directions, and it is determined that the direction with the smallest value matches the direction of the ridge.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram depicting a processing flow of a ridge direction calculation processing
- the angle is initialized to 0 degrees (S2600).
- S2600 0 degrees
- processing is performed for each angle from 0 degree to 160 degrees every 20 degrees.
- the value of the evaluation value for each angle is initialized to 0.
- the position of the reference point is initialized and its coordinates are calculated (S2655). Specifically, the ridge direction is to be calculated as shown by the point 2505 in FIG. A point on a straight line passing through a point (hereinafter referred to as a reference point).
- a reference point a point on a straight line passing through a point
- the fourth point is used as a reference point.
- the absolute value of the difference between the luminance of the reference point and the luminance of the reference point is calculated and added to the evaluation value assigned to the corresponding angle (S2610).
- step S2620 it is determined whether or not processing has been completed for all reference points (S2620), and as a result, if processing has not been completed for all reference points (S2620: NO), Returning to step S2610, the above-described processing is repeated.
- the core position detection processing when a core is detected, a perpendicular direction vector of a ridge is searched, and a position where the perpendicular direction vector greatly changes is determined as a core by majority decision.
- the core position can be detected with a small amount of calculation.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a schematic flow of the matching processing in the present embodiment. This process is performed while the reader / writer 110 and the IC card 100 communicate with each other.Therefore, the process of the reader / writer 110 is shown on the left side of the diagram, and the process of the IC card 100 is shown on the right side of the figure. are doing.
- the processing performed by the IC card 100 includes a correction vector calculation processing S 1 190, a chip position calculation processing S 1 19 1, and a chip matching processing S 1 19 Each is implemented in the IC card 100 as a command defined in ISO 786 16-4 or the like.
- the reader / writer 110 calls the correction vector calculation processing S110 of the IC card 100 (S110).
- the coordinates of the core of the input fingerprint recorded in the intermediate fingerprint information are passed as parameters.
- the process is called by transmitting an APDU (Application Protocol Data Unit) described in the ISO 7816-4 to the IC card 100.
- APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU for calling the correction vector calculation process.
- the command ID of the correction vector calculation process is assigned to the INS field of AP DU 1500
- the X and Y coordinates of the core are assigned to the data field
- the Lc field is assigned. To the coordinate data Yunaga has been assigned.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the APDU 1500 from the reader / writer 110, the IC card 100 activates a correction vector calculation process (S119).
- the correction vector calculation process calculates the difference vector between the coordinates of the core of the input fingerprint received from the reader / writer '110 and the core position of the registered fingerprint recorded in advance on the IC card 100, and displaces the two. Is calculated as a correction vector representing the above, and recorded in the RAM 230 of the IC card 100. After that, it responds to the reader / writer 110. Specifically, a response is output by outputting a response APDU (Response Application Protocol Data Unit) described in the ISO 7816-4 to the reader / writer 110.
- APDU Response Application Protocol Data Unit
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the response AP DU of the correction vector calculation processing S119.
- the response APDU 15010 contains the status of the command in the SW1 field, and substitutes a code indicating normal or abnormal termination as the command processing result.
- the details of the correction vector calculation process S1190 will be described later.
- the reader / writer 110 When the reader / writer 110 receives the response APDU 150 from the IC card 100 (S110), the reader / writer checks the status of the response APDU 150 (S111). ). As a result, if an error has occurred (S111: YES), the processing ends.
- the chip position calculation processing is called to obtain coordinates for cutting out a partial image of the input fingerprint for chip matching (S111).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU transmitted to the IC card 100 to call the chip position calculation processing. As shown in the figure, the command ID of the chip position calculation processing is assigned to the INS field of the APD U15020, and the data length of the coordinate to be the return value is substituted for the Le field. Is entered.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the APDU 152 from the reader / writer 110, the IC card 100 activates the chip position calculation process (S1191).
- the chip position calculation process the coordinates of the characteristic points in the input fingerprint are calculated from the coordinates of the characteristic points of the registered fingerprint recorded in advance and the correction vector calculated in step S119.
- the coordinates of the feature points in the input fingerprint are calculated by adding a correction vector to the coordinates of the feature points in the registered fingerprint. After that, it responds to the reader / writer 110 using the response APDU.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a response APDU of the chip position calculation processing S1191. As shown in the figure, the coordinates of the feature point are assigned to the data field of the response APDU 1503, and the status of the command is assigned to the SW1 field. The details of the chip position calculation processing S11191 will be described later.
- the reader / writer 110 Upon receipt of the response APDU 150 (S111), the reader / writer 110 analyzes the contents of the response APDU 150, and determines whether or not the processing has ended abnormally, and whether the specified feature point has been detected. It is checked whether the position is incorrect (S111). As a result, if the position of the specified feature point is invalid (S111: YES), the process returns to step S111 to call the chip position calculation process for another chip image. If abnormal termination has occurred (S1111.7: Abnormal termination), the processing is terminated.
- the partial image is an image slightly larger than the chip image, and its size and shape are predetermined.
- step S111 the chip matching process of the IC card 100 is called (S112).
- the partial image extracted in step S111 Send The specific calling method is the same as that in step S110.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of an AP DU for calling a chip matching process.
- the command ID of the chip matching process is assigned to the INS field of the APDU 1540
- the data length of the partial image is assigned to the Lc field
- the data field is assigned. Is substituted with the partial image.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the APDU 1540 from the reader / writer 110, the IC card 100 activates a chip matching process (S1192). In the chip matching processing, chip matching and chipping processing are performed between the received partial image of the input fingerprint and the chip image recorded in the IC card 100 in advance, and if they match, the number of matching chips is incremented. When matching has been completed for all feature points, a status indicating fingerprint match or mismatch is returned. Otherwise, a status for matching the next feature point is returned.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a response AP DU of the chip matching process. As shown in the figure, the status of the command is assigned to the SW1 field of the response APDU 550. Specifically, a code indicating fingerprint match, mismatch, or continuation of processing is substituted as the command processing result. The details of the chip matching process S11192 will be described later.
- the reader / writer 110 Upon receiving the response AP DU 155 of the chip matching process, the reader / writer 110 analyzes the status of the response AP DU 550 and determines whether or not to end the process (S 1 1 3 5). As a result, if a fingerprint match or mismatch result is obtained (S1135: YE S), the process ends. On the other hand, in other cases, the process returns to step S111, and matching is performed on the remaining feature points.
- the above-described correction vector calculation processing S110 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the APDU 150 from the reader / writer 110, the IC card 100 stores the X and Y coordinates indicating the core position of the collation image contained in the AP DU 150 into the RAM 2 It is recorded in 30 (S1900).
- the index (chip image index) k of the chip image to be subjected to chip matching is initialized to 0 (S1905), and the variable M indicating the number of matching chips is initialized to 0 (S190) 7).
- the correction vector is calculated using the core position of the collation image sent from the reader / writer 110 and the coordinates of the core of the fingerprint information (FIG. 3) recorded in the IC card 100 in advance. It is calculated (S 1910). Specifically, the correction vector is calculated by subtracting the coordinates of the fingerprint information core from the coordinates of the core of the collation image.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the chip position calculation processing S1191.
- the IC card 100 activates the chip position calculation processing S 1 191 AP
- the chip image index k is incremented (S2002), and the chip image index k of the chip recorded in the fingerprint information is obtained. It is determined whether or not the number is equal to or less than (30) (S205). As a result, if k is greater than the number of chips recorded in the fingerprint information (S205: NO), a code indicating abnormal termination is substituted into the status of the response APDU (S2004), and Answer A
- the PDU is transmitted to the reader / writer 110 (S2035), and the process ends.
- the chip image index k is less than or equal to the number of chip images recorded in the fingerprint information (S205: YE S)
- the coordinates of the k-th chip image recorded in the fingerprint information are corrected ( S2 0 10). 'Specifically, correction is performed by adding a correction vector to the coordinates of the k-th chip image.
- the corrected coordinates of the chip are included in the collation image (S201: YE S)
- the corrected coordinates of the chip are substituted into the data field of the response APDU (S2025).
- a code indicating a normal end is substituted for the status of the response AP DU (S203)
- the response APDU is transmitted to the reader / writer 110 (S203), and the process is terminated.
- the chip position calculation processing S1191 is performed.
- the index k is equal to or less than the number of chip images (S2105: YES)
- chip matching matching between the partial image and the k-th chip image (chip matching) is performed, and whether or not the partial image matches the chip image is determined. Is output (S2110). The specific method of this matching will be described later.
- the AP DU is transmitted to the reader / writer 110 (S2140).
- a mismatch bit number search table is prepared in advance in the ROM 250 or the EEPROM 240, and when counting the number of unmatched bits when comparing the chip image and the partial image, the mismatch bit number is determined. Use bit number search table.
- a table of 256 elements from 0 to 255 is prepared corresponding to the comparison between the chip image and the partial image in 8-bit units.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the matching process S2110.
- a matching position on a partial image is initialized (S2200). For example, a position where the chip image comes to the center of the partial image is set as the first collation position.
- an image having the same size as the chip image is cut out from the partial image in accordance with the collation position, and copied to the collation image buffer secured in the RAM 230 (S225). For example, if the chip image is 16 pixels square, one pixel corresponds to one bit, so the required matching image buffer is 256 bits, or 32 bytes. In this case, the chip image also has an area of 32 bytes and is stored in the EEPROM 240 as a part of the fingerprint information.
- the number of mismatch bits indicating the number of bits that do not match between the chip image and the matching image buffer is initialized to 0 (S2210), and the offset indicating the comparison target position between the chip image and the matching image buffer is initialized. Is initialized to 0 (S2 2 1 5). .
- the exclusive OR of the data of the offset position of the chip image and the image buffer for collation is calculated, and the result is stored in the RAM 23'0 (S2220).
- exclusive OR is taken in units of one byte.
- the result of the exclusive OR is used as an index to refer to the mismatch bit number search table, and the obtained number is added to the mismatch bit number (S2230) o
- step S2235 If the number of mismatched bits is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value as a result of the determination in step S2235 (S2235: YES), it is determined whether the matching has been performed over the entire partial image. It is checked whether or not there is a collation position that has not been collated yet (S2237: NO), the collation position is moved (S2238), and step S2 is performed. Returning to 205, the above processing is repeated.
- the chip matching process is performed as described above.
- the correction vector is calculated using the position of the fingerprint core.
- the correction vector may be calculated by another method.
- the IC card 1 0 0 will be described for calculating the correct base vector in the case and Lee Daraita 1 1 0 for calculating a correction base-vector in the IC card 1 0 0, when calculating a correction vector Is explained.
- step S110 in FIG. 14 the APDU transmitted by the reader / writer 110 to the ⁇ C card 100 and the correction called by the AP DU are This is only the contents of the vector calculation process S1190.
- FIG. 27 shows the AP transmitted by the reader / writer 110 to the IC card 100 in order to call the correction vector calculation processing S110 in step S110 shown in FIG. It is a figure showing the example of DU. As shown in the figure, the corresponding command ID is assigned to the INS field of AP DU2700, and the coordinates of all the feature points of the input fingerprint extracted in the preprocessing are assigned to the data field. You.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a detailed flow of the correction vector calculating process S1190 called by the APDU2700.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the AP DU2700 (S2800), the IC card 100 generates a feature point map of the input fingerprint by using the coordinates of the feature point of the input fingerprint that has been sent (S280). S2805).
- the feature point map is an image having a specific luminance distribution around the coordinates of each feature point.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of a feature point map. As for the shape and size of the luminance distribution around the feature point coordinates, appropriate ones are selected according to the mounting conditions.
- a feature point map is similarly generated from the coordinates of the feature points of the registered fingerprint recorded in the fingerprint information (S2801).
- a feature point map of the input fingerprint and the registered fingerprint is regarded as a two-dimensional signal, and a normalized cross-correlation is calculated (S2815).
- the calculation of the cross-correlation is performed using a commonly used method, for example, the method described on page 306 of “Digital Image Processing” (Rosenfeld et al., Modern Science Co., 1987). .
- steps S110, S110, and S1105 shown in FIG. 14 are replaced with the processing shown in FIG.
- the reader / writer 110 changes the AP DU requesting the transmission of the coordinates of the characteristic point of the registered fingerprint to the IC force 100. Transmit (S30000).
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of an APDU requesting transmission of the coordinates of the feature points of a registered fingerprint. As shown in the figure, an appropriate command ID is assigned to the INS field of the APDU2701, and the length of the coordinate data of the feature point returned from the IC card 100 is inserted into the Le field. Is stored.
- the IC card 100 Upon receiving the APDU 270, the IC card 100 stores the coordinates of the feature points recorded in the fingerprint information of the IC card 100 in the data field of the response APDU as shown in FIG. Is transmitted to the reader / writer 110 (S 390).
- the reader / writer 110 When the reader / writer 110 receives the response AP DU 2720 from the IC card 100 (S3005), it generates a feature point map in the same way as the method shown in FIG. 28. , A correction vector is calculated and recorded in the RAM 320 of the reader / writer 110 (S310).
- the reader / writer 110 issues a command to cause the IC card 100 to record the correction vector (S310). Specifically, an AP DU having the same format as the AP DU 150 shown in FIG. 15 is transmitted to the IC card 100.
- the IC card J When the IC card receives the AP DU, the IC card J
- the correction vector is recorded in the RAM 230 of the IC card 100, and a response A PDU as shown in FIG. 16 is transmitted to the reader / writer 110 (S3095).
- the reader / writer 110 Upon receiving the response A PDU (S320), the reader / writer 110 proceeds to processing S11007 for checking the status of the response APDU.
- the correction vector is obtained using the feature point map instead of the core position, the correction is performed faster than when matching is performed on the entire fingerprint image (or a part of it).
- the vector can be obtained. Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the luminance distribution provided around the feature point, accurate position correction can be performed even if the fingerprint is distorted or rotated.
- the personal authentication system of the present invention since the user-specific information is individually managed by the IC card, it is more acceptable to the user than in the case where the information is centrally managed by a superuser or the like. Performance can be improved. In addition, the possibility that many pieces of biometric information are stolen at one time can be reduced, and the cost of recording and managing biometric information can be reduced.
- fingerprint information and fingerprint collation functions are implemented inside the IC card, and external access to fingerprint information and fingerprint collation functions is prohibited, thereby forging, falsifying, and stealing fingerprint information and collation results of users. Makes it difficult to prevent spoofing.
- fingerprint collation can be performed with a CPU of a general IC card.
- the fingerprint collation function is implemented separately for the IC card and reader / writer, it is difficult to analyze the collation processing.
- the coordinates of the core which is a characteristic structure of the fingerprint
- the coordinates of the core are recorded in the fingerprint information of the IC card, and the coordinates of the core are obtained from the fingerprint image newly input by the preprocessing.
- the coordinates of the feature points recorded in the fingerprint information are corrected, the chip image recorded in the fingerprint information is searched by the chip matching around the corrected coordinates on the fingerprint image, and the matching chip image is searched.
- the number of mismatched bits is calculated using a mismatch bit number search table in which the number of mismatched bits is recorded in advance, and the number of bits is set in advance. If the threshold value is exceeded, chip matching is terminated and the process proceeds to the next step, so that fingerprint matching can be performed using an IC card with a low operation speed.
- biometric information In the above embodiment, the case where a fingerprint is used as the biometric information has been described. However, other biometric information can be used.
- the reader / writer 110 in FIG. 1 includes an iris information input unit for inputting iris information instead of the fingerprint input unit 113, and a preprocessing unit. 1 1 and 2 perform preprocessing of the input iris image and calculate an iris code required for iris collation.
- the calculation of the iris code is performed, for example, by the method described in the literature: IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and macine intelligence, Vol. 15, No. 11, Nov. 1993, pp. 1148-1161 (hereinafter referred to as reference 4). Perform using
- the iris code calculated in this way is transmitted to the IC card 100. It should be noted that the transmission of the iris code to the IC card 100 may be performed only once.
- an iris code is recorded as a biometric information template instead of the fingerprint information 104.
- the iris verification The program compares the iris code transmitted from the reader / writer 110 with the iris code recorded in the EEPROM or the like in the IC card 100.
- the collation is performed, for example, by calculating the hamming distance of the iris code by a method described in Reference 4, and determining whether the calculated octing distance is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the calculated Hamming distance is equal to or less than the threshold value, it is determined that the iris code has been matched, and the authentication information 105 of the electronic authentication processing unit 103 is transferred to the authentication information 105 as in the case of the fingerprint. Access is permitted, and electronic authentication is performed between the application 13 1 and the electronic authentication unit 10 3.
- the psychological resistance of the user can be reduced.
- the possibility that many pieces of biometric information are stolen at one time can be reduced, and the cost of record management of biometric information can be reduced.
- biometric information can be collated with a CPU such as an IC card, which is a general-purpose portable storage device with an arithmetic function, and system cost can be reduced.
- a CPU such as an IC card
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/937,004 US7162058B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-25 | Authentication system by fingerprint |
DE60139784T DE60139784D1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-25 | Authentifizierungssystem für lebende körper |
KR1020017011933A KR100785961B1 (ko) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-25 | 생체 인증 시스템, 생체 리더라이터, 및 휴대형 기억 장치 |
EP01934353A EP1313026B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-25 | Living body authentication system |
US11/606,139 US7457442B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Authentication system by fingerprint |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000162517A JP2001344213A (ja) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-05-31 | 生体認証システム |
JP2000-162517 | 2000-05-31 |
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US11/606,139 Continuation US7457442B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Authentication system by fingerprint |
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WO2001093053A1 true WO2001093053A1 (fr) | 2001-12-06 |
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PCT/JP2001/004405 WO2001093053A1 (fr) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-25 | Systeme d'authentification d'un corps humain vivant |
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US (2) | US7162058B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1313026B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2001344213A (ja) |
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DE (1) | DE60139784D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001093053A1 (ja) |
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JPH06301768A (ja) * | 1993-04-13 | 1994-10-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | 指紋照合装置 |
JPH11143833A (ja) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-05-28 | Toshiba Corp | 生体データによるユーザ確認システム及びicカード並びに記録媒体 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106228154A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 四川金投金融电子服务股份有限公司 | 基于押运交接身份电子认证系统的押运员身份认证系统 |
US11246493B2 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2022-02-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Wrist temperature rhythm acquisition apparatus and method, core temperature rhythm acquisition apparatus and method, and wearable device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070076925A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
EP1313026A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
DE60139784D1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
EP1313026B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
KR20030004981A (ko) | 2003-01-15 |
US7457442B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
JP2001344213A (ja) | 2001-12-14 |
KR100785961B1 (ko) | 2007-12-14 |
US7162058B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
EP1313026A4 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
US20020150283A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
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