WO2002008288A2 - Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same - Google Patents

Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002008288A2
WO2002008288A2 PCT/US2001/021066 US0121066W WO0208288A2 WO 2002008288 A2 WO2002008288 A2 WO 2002008288A2 US 0121066 W US0121066 W US 0121066W WO 0208288 A2 WO0208288 A2 WO 0208288A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seq
acid sequence
amino acid
pro
nucleic acid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/021066
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002008288A3 (en
Inventor
Kevin P. Baker
Luc Desnoyers
Mary E. Gerritsen
Audrey Goddard
Paul J. Godowski
J. Christopher Grimaldi
Austin L. Gurney
Victoria Smith
Jean-Philippe F. Stephan
Colin K. Watanabe
William I. Wood
Original Assignee
Genentech, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/020710 external-priority patent/WO2001009327A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/023522 external-priority patent/WO2001016319A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/023328 external-priority patent/WO2001016318A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/030873 external-priority patent/WO2001040465A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/032678 external-priority patent/WO2001040466A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/034956 external-priority patent/WO2001046420A2/en
Priority claimed from US09/747,259 external-priority patent/US6569645B2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2001/006520 external-priority patent/WO2001068848A2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2001/006666 external-priority patent/WO2001066740A2/en
Priority claimed from US09/816,744 external-priority patent/US6579520B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/854,280 external-priority patent/US7115398B2/en
Priority claimed from PCT/US2001/017092 external-priority patent/WO2001092331A2/en
Priority to CA002416456A priority Critical patent/CA2416456A1/en
Application filed by Genentech, Inc. filed Critical Genentech, Inc.
Priority to EP01952391A priority patent/EP1354040A2/en
Priority to JP2002514192A priority patent/JP2004514420A/en
Priority to AU2001273150A priority patent/AU2001273150A1/en
Priority to AU7315001A priority patent/AU7315001A/en
Priority to US09/918,585 priority patent/US20030060406A1/en
Priority to US09/931,836 priority patent/US7435793B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/026626 priority patent/WO2002016602A2/en
Priority to AU8678501A priority patent/AU8678501A/en
Priority to EP01966255A priority patent/EP1311668A2/en
Priority to AU2001286785A priority patent/AU2001286785B2/en
Priority to MXPA03001643A priority patent/MXPA03001643A/en
Priority to US09/938,418 priority patent/US20020161199A1/en
Priority to KR1020037002672A priority patent/KR100607611B1/en
Priority to CA002420193A priority patent/CA2420193A1/en
Priority to JP2002522275A priority patent/JP2004520810A/en
Priority to US09/941,992 priority patent/US20030082546A1/en
Priority to EP01985272A priority patent/EP1341814A2/en
Priority to EP07022176A priority patent/EP1944317A3/en
Priority to JP2002529483A priority patent/JP4451059B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/027099 priority patent/WO2002024888A2/en
Priority to AU2002216610A priority patent/AU2002216610A1/en
Priority to CA002421056A priority patent/CA2421056A1/en
Priority to CA002632702A priority patent/CA2632702A1/en
Priority to US09/946,374 priority patent/US20030073129A1/en
Priority to AU1661002A priority patent/AU1661002A/en
Priority to US09/978,189 priority patent/US6972325B2/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
    • C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the identification and isolation of novel DNA and to the recombinant production of novel polypeptides.
  • Extracellular proteins play important roles in, among other things, the formation, differentiation and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
  • secreted polypeptides or signaling molecules normally pass through the cellular secretory pathway to reach their site of action in the extracellular environment.
  • Secreted proteins have various industrial applications, including as pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, biosensors and bioreactors.
  • Most protein drugs available at present, such as thrombolytic agents, interferons, interleukins, erythropoietins, colony stimulating factors, and various other cytokines, are secretory proteins.
  • Their receptors, which are membrane proteins, also have potential as therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
  • Efforts are being undertaken by both industry and proficient to identify new, native secreted proteins. Many efforts are focused on the screening of mammalian recombinant DNA libraries to identify the coding sequences for novel secreted proteins. Examples of screening methods and techniques are described in the literature [see, for example, Klein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93:7108-7113 (1996); U.S. Patent No. 5,536,637)].
  • Membrane-bound proteins and receptors can play important roles in, among other things, the formation, differentiation and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
  • secreted polypeptides for instance, mitogemc factors, survival factors, cytotoxic factors, differentiation factors, neuropeptides, and hormones
  • membrane-bound proteins and cell receptors include, but are not limited to, cytokine receptors, receptor kinases, receptor phosphatases, receptors involved in cell-cell interactions, and cellular adhesin molecules like selectins and integrins. For instance, transduction of signals that regulate cell growth and differentiation is regulated in part by phosphorylation of various cellular proteins. Protein tyrosine kinases, enzymes that catalyze that process, can also act as growth factor receptors. Examples include fibroblast growth factor receptor and nerve growth factor receptor.
  • Membrane-bound proteins and receptor molecules have various industrial applications, including as pharmaceutical and diagnostic agents.
  • Receptor immunoadhesins for instance, can be employed as therapeutic agents to block receptor-ligand interactions.
  • the membrane-bound proteins can also be employed for screening of potential peptide or small molecule inhibitors of the relevant receptor/ligand interaction.
  • Efforts are being undertaken by both industry and proficient to identify new, native receptor or membrane-bound proteins . Many efforts are focused on the screening of mammalian recombinant DNA libraries to identify the coding sequences for novel receptor or membrane-bound proteins.
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a PRO polypeptide.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about
  • the invention concerns an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity,
  • Another aspect the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a PRO polypeptide which is either transmembrane domain-deleted or transmembrane domain-inactivated, or is complementary to such encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein the transmembrane domain(s) of such polypeptide are disclosed herein. Therefore, soluble extracellular domains of the herein described PRO polypeptides are contemplated.
  • Another embodiment is directed to fragments of a PRO polypeptide coding sequence, or the complement thereof, that may find use as, for example, hybridization probes, for encoding fragments of a PRO polypeptide that may optionally encode a polypeptide comprising a binding site for an anti-PRO antibody or as antisense oligonucleotide probes.
  • nucleic acid fragments are usually at least about 10 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 15 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 20 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 30 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 40 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 50 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 60 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 70 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 80 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 90 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 100 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 110 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 120 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 130 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 140 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 150 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 160 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 170 nucleo
  • novel fragments of a PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence may be determined in a routine manner by aligning the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence with other known nucleotide sequences using any of a number of well known sequence alignment programs and determining which PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence fragment(s) are novel. All of such PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequences are contemplated herein. Also contemplated are the PRO polypeptide fragments encoded by these nucleotide molecule fragments, preferably those PRO polypeptide fragments that comprise a binding site for an anti-PRO antibody.
  • the invention provides isolated PRO polypeptide encoded by any of the isolated nucleic acid sequences hereinabove identified.
  • the invention concerns an isolated PRO polypeptide, comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about
  • the invention concerns an isolated PRO polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least
  • the invention provides an isolated PRO polypeptide without the N-terminal signal sequence and/or the initiating methionine and is encoded by a nucleotide sequence that encodes such an amino acid sequence as hereinbefore described.
  • Processes for producing the same are also herein described, wherein those processes comprise culturing a host cell comprising a vector which comprises the appropriate encoding nucleic acid molecule under conditions suitable for expression of the PRO polypeptide and recovering the PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.
  • Another aspect the invention provides an isolated PRO polypeptide which is either transmembrane domain-deleted or transmembrane domain-inactivated.
  • Processes for producing the same are also herein described, wherein those processes comprise culturing a host cell comprising a vector which comprises the appropriate encoding nucleic acid molecule under conditions suitable for expression of the PRO polypeptide and recovering the PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.
  • the invention concerns agonists and antagonists of a native PRO polypeptide as defined herein.
  • the agonist or antagonist is an anti-PRO antibody or a small molecule.
  • the invention concerns a method of identifying agonists or antagonists to a PRO polypeptide which comprise contacting the PRO polypeptide with a candidate molecule and monitoring a biological activity mediated by said PRO polypeptide.
  • the PRO polypeptide is a native PRO polypeptide.
  • the invention concerns a composition of matter comprising a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist of a PRO polypeptide as herein described, or an anti-PRO antibody, in combination with a carrier.
  • the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to the use of a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist thereof as hereinbefore described, or an anti-PRO antibody, for the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of a condition which is responsive to the PRO polypeptide, an agonist or antagonist thereof or an anti-PRO antibody.
  • the invention provides vectors comprising DNA encoding any of the herein described polypeptides.
  • Host cell comprising any such vector are also provided.
  • the host cells may be CHO cells, E. coli, or yeast.
  • a process for producing any of the herein described polypeptides is further provided and comprises culturing host cells under conditions suitable for expression of the desired polypeptide and recovering the desired polypeptide from the cell culture.
  • the invention provides chimeric molecules comprising any of the herein described polypeptides fused to a heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence.
  • Example of such chimeric molecules comprise any of the herein described polypeptides fused to an epitope tag sequence or a Fc region of an immunoglobulin.
  • the invention provides an antibody which binds, preferably specifically, to any of the above or below described polypeptides.
  • the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, humanized antibody, antibody fragment or single-chain antibody.
  • the invention provides oligonucleotide probes which may be useful for isolating genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences, measuring or detecting expression of an associated gene or as antisense probes, wherein those probes may be derived from any of the above or below described nucleotide sequences. Preferred probe lengths are described above.
  • the present invention is directed to methods of using the PRO polypeptides of the present invention for a variety of uses based upon the functional biological assay data presented in the Examples below.
  • Figures 1A-1B show a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:l) of a native sequence PRO6004 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:l is a clone designated herein as "DNA92259".
  • Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:
  • Figure 3 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of a native sequence PR04981 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:3 is a clone designated herein as "DNA94849-2960".
  • Figure 4 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) of a native sequence PR07174 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:5 is a clone designated herein as "DNA96883-2745".
  • Figure 6 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) of a native sequence PR05778 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:7 is a clone designated herein as "DNA96894-2675".
  • Figure 8 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) of a native sequence PR04332 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:9 is a clone designated herein as "DNA100272-2969" .
  • Figure 10 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 shown in Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) of a native sequence PR09799 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:ll is a clone designated herein as "DNA108696-2966".
  • Figure 12 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 13 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) of a native sequence PRO9909 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 13 is a clone designated herein as "DNA117935-2801 " .
  • Figure 14 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 shown in Figure 13.
  • Figure 15 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15) of a native sequence PR09917 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:15 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119474-2803".
  • Figure 16 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 16) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 17 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 17) of a native sequence PR09771 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 17 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119498-2965".
  • Figure 18 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 18) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 shown in Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 19) of a native sequence PR09877 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 19 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119502-2789".
  • Figure 20 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:20) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 shown in Figure 19.
  • Figure 21 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:21) of a native sequence PRO9903 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:21 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119516-2797".
  • Figure 22 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:22) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 shown in Figure 21.
  • Figure 23 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:23) of a native sequence PRO9830 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:23 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119530-2968" .
  • Figure 24 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 24) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 shown in Figure 23.
  • Figure 25 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:25) of a native sequence PR07155 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:25 is a clone designated herein as "DNA121772-2741".
  • Figure 26 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:26) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 27 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:27) of a native sequence PR09862 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:27 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125148-2782".
  • Figure 28 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:28) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 shown in Figure 27.
  • Figure 29 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:29) of a native sequence PR09882 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:29 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125150-2793".
  • Figure 30 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 30) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 shown in Figure 29.
  • Figure 31 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 31) of a native sequence PR09864 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:31 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125151-2784".
  • Figure 32 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 32) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 shown in Figure 31.
  • Figure 33 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:33) of a native sequence PRO10013 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:33 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125181-2804".
  • Figure 34 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:34) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 shown in Figure 33.
  • Figure 35 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:35) of a native sequence PRO9885 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:35 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125192-2794".
  • Figure 36 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:36) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 shown in Figure 35.
  • Figure 37 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:37) of a native sequence PR09879 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:37 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125196-2792".
  • Figure 38 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 38) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37 shown in Figure 37.
  • Figure 39 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 39) of a native sequence PRO 10111 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:39 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125200-2810".
  • Figure 40 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 40) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 41 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:41) of a native sequence PR09925 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:41 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125214-2814".
  • Figure 42 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 42) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 shown in Figure 41.
  • Figure 43 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:43) of a native sequence PRO9905 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:43 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125219-2799".
  • Figure 44 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 44) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 shown in Figure 43.
  • Figure 45 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO :45) of a native sequence PRO 10276 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:45 is a clone designated herein as "DNA128309-2825”.
  • Figure 46 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:46) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 shown in Figure 45.
  • Figure 47 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:47) of a native sequence PR09898 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:47 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129535-2796".
  • Figure 48 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 48) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 shown in Figure 47.
  • Figure 49 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:49) of anative sequence PRO9904 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:49 is a clone designated herein as "DNA 129549-2798".
  • Figure 50 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 50) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49 shown in Figure 49.
  • Figure 51 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:51) of anative sequence PRO 19632 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:51 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129580-2863".
  • Figure 52 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 52) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 shown in Figure 51.
  • Figure 53 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 53) of a native sequence PRO 19672 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:53 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129794-2967".
  • Figure 54 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:54) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 55 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 55) of a native sequence PR09783 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:55 is a clone designated herein as "DNA131590-2962".
  • Figure 56 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 56) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 shown in Figure 55.
  • Figure 57 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:57) of a native sequence PROIOI 12 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:57 is a clone designated herein as "DNA135173-2811".
  • Figure 58 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:58) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 shown in Figure 57.
  • Figures 59A-59B show a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:59) of a native sequence PRO10284 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:59 is a clone designated herein as "DNA138039-2828".
  • Figure 60 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 60) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:59 shown in Figures 59A-59B.
  • Figure 61 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:61) of a native sequence PRO10100 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:61 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139540-2807".
  • Figure 62 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 62) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:61 shown in Figure 61.
  • Figure 63 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:63) of anative sequence PR019628 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:63 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139602-2859".
  • Figure 64 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 64) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 65 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:65) of a native sequence PR019684 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:65 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139632-2880".
  • Figure 66 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 66) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65 shown in Figure 65.
  • Figure 67 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 67) of anative sequence PRO 10274 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:67 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139686-2823".
  • Figure 68 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 68) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 shown in Figure 67.
  • Figure 69 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:69) of a native sequence PRO9907 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:69 is a clone designated herein as "DNA142392-2800".
  • Figure 70 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 70) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 shown in Figure 69.
  • Figure 71 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 71) of a native sequence PR09873 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:71 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143076-2787".
  • Figure 72 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:72) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:71 shown in Figure 71.
  • Figure 73 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:73) of anative sequence PRO10201 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:73 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143294-2818".
  • Figure 74 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:74) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 shown in Figure 73.
  • Figure 75 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:75) of anative sequence PRO10200 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:75 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143514-2817".
  • Figure 76 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:76) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 shown in Figure 75.
  • Figure 77 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:77) of anative sequence PRO10196 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:77 is a clone designated herein as "DNA144841-2816".
  • Figure 78 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:78) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 79 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:79) of a native sequence PRO10282 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:79 is a clone designated herein as "DNA148380-2827".
  • Figure 80 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 80) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:79 shown in Figure 79.
  • Figure 81 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:81) of anative sequence PRO19650 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:81 is a clone designated herein as "DNA149995-2871".
  • Figure 82 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 82) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 shown in Figure 81.
  • Figure 83 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 83) of a native sequence PR021184 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:83 is a clone designated herein as "DNA167678-2963".
  • Figure 84 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 84) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:83 shown in Figure 83.
  • Figure 85 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:85) of anative sequence PRO21201 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:85 is a clone designated herein as "DNA168028-2956".
  • Figure 86 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 86) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 shown in Figure 85.
  • Figure 87 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO :87) of a native sequence PR021175 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:87 is a clone designated herein as "DNA173894-2947".
  • Figure 88 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:88) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:87 shown in Figure 87.
  • Figure 89 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 89) of a native sequence PRO21340 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO.-89 is a clone designated herein as "DNA 176775-2957” .
  • Figure 90 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 90) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:89 shown in Figure 89.
  • Figure 91 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:91) of a native sequence PR021384 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:91 is a clone designated herein as "DNA177313-2982".
  • Figure 92 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 92) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 93 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 93) of a native sequence PR0982 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:93 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57700-1408".
  • Figure 94 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 94) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:93 shown in Figure 93.
  • Figure 95 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:95) of a native sequence PROl 160 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:95 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62872-1509".
  • Figure 96 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 96) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:95 shown in Figure 95.
  • Figure 97 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:97) of a native sequence PROH87 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:97 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62876-1517".
  • Figure 98 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 98) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:97 shown in Figure 97.
  • Figure 99 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:99) of a native sequence PR01329 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:99 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66660-1585".
  • Figure 100 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 100) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:99 shown in Figure 99.
  • Figure 101 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 101) of a native sequence PR0231 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 101 is a clone designated herein as "DNA34434-1139".
  • Figure 102 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 102) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 103 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 103) of a native sequence PR0357 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 103 is a clone designated herein as "DNA44804-1248".
  • Figure 104 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 104) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO : 103 shown in Figure 103.
  • Figure 105 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 105) of a native sequence PR0725 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 105 is a clone designated herein as "DNA52758-1399".
  • Figure 106 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 106) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 shown in Figure 105.
  • Figure 107 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:107) of a native sequence PROH55 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 107 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59849-1504".
  • Figure 108 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 108) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 shown in Figure 107.
  • Figure 109 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 109) of a native sequence PRO 1306 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 109 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65410-1569".
  • Figure 110 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 110) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109 shown in Figure 109.
  • Figure 111 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 111) of a native sequence PR01419 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 111 is a clone designated herein as "DNA71290-1630".
  • Figure 112 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 112) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:lll shown in Figure 111.
  • Figure 113 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:113) of a native sequence PR0229cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:113 is a clone designated herein as "DNA33100-1159".
  • Figure 114 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 114) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113 shown in Figure 113.
  • Figure 115 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:115) of a native sequence PR01272 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 115 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64896-1539".
  • Figure 116 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 116) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 117 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 117) of a native sequence PRO4405 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 117 is a clone designated herein as "DNA84920-2614".
  • Figure 118 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 118) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 shown in Figure 117.
  • Figure 119 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 119) of anative sequence PR0181 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 119 is a clone designated herein as "DNA23330-1390".
  • Figure 120 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 120) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119 shown in Figure 119.
  • Figure 121 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:121) of a native sequence PR0214cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO:121 is a clone designated herein as "DNA32286-1191".
  • Figure 122 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 122) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:121 shown in Figure 121.
  • Figure 123 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 123) of anative sequence PR0247 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:123 is a clone designated herein as "DNA35673-1201".
  • Figure 124 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 124) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123 shown in Figure 123.
  • Figure 125 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 125) of a native sequence PR0337 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 125 is a clone designated herein as "DNA43316-1237".
  • Figure 126 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 126) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125 shown in Figure 125.
  • Figure 127 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 127) of a native sequence PR0526 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 127 is a clone designated herein as "DNA44184-1319" .
  • Figure 128 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 128) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127 shown in Figure 127.
  • Figure 129 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 129) of a native sequence PR0363 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 129 is a clone designated herein as "DNA45419-1252".
  • Figure 130 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 130) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 131 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:131) of anative sequence PR0531 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 131 is a clone designated herein as "DNA48314-1320".
  • Figure 132 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 132) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 131 shown in Figure 131.
  • Figure 133 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 133) of a native sequence PRO1083 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 133 is a clone designated herein as "DNA50921-1458".
  • Figure 134 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 134) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133 shown in Figure 133.
  • Figure 135 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 135) of anative sequence PRO840 cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO: 135 is a clone designated herein as "DNA53987”.
  • Figure 136 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 136) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135 shown in Figure 135.
  • Figure 137 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 137) of a native sequence PRO1080 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 137 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56047-1456" .
  • Figure 138 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 138) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137 shown in Figure 137.
  • Figure 139 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 139) of a native sequence PR0788 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 139 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56405-1357”.
  • Figure 140 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 140) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 141 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 141) of a native sequence PR01478 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 141 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56531-1648".
  • Figure 142 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 142) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141 shown in Figure 141.
  • Figure 143 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 143) of a native sequence PROl 134 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 143 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56865-1491".
  • Figure 144 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 144) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143 shown in Figure 143.
  • Figure 145 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 145) of anative sequence PR0826 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 145 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57694-1341".
  • Figure 146 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 146) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145 shown in Figure 145.
  • Figure 147 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 147) of a native sequence PRO1005 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 147 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57708-1411".
  • Figure 148 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 148) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 147 shown in Figure 147.
  • Figure 149 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 149) of a native sequence PRO809cDNA, wherein
  • SEQ ID NO: 149 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57836-1338".
  • Figure 150 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 150) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149 shown in Figure 149.
  • Figure 151 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 151) of a native sequence PROl 194 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 151 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57841-1522".
  • Figure 152 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 152) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:151 shown in Figure 151.
  • Figure 153 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 153) of a native sequence PRO1071 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 153 is a clone designated herein as "DNA58847-1383".
  • Figure 154 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 154) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 155 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 155) of a native sequence PR01411 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 155 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59212-1627".
  • Figure 156 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 156) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 155 shown in Figure 155.
  • Figure 157 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 157) of a native sequence PRO1309 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 157 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59588-1571".
  • Figure 158 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 158) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 157 shown in Figure 157.
  • Figure 159 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 159) of a native sequence PRO1025 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:159 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59622-1334".
  • Figure 160 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 160) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 159 shown in Figure 159.
  • Figure 161 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 161) of a native sequence PROl 181 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:161 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59847-2510".
  • Figure 162 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 162) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 161 shown in Figure 161.
  • Figure 163 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 163) of a native sequence PROl 126 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 163 is a clone designated herein as "DNA60615-1483".
  • Figure 164 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 164) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 163 shown in Figure 163.
  • Figure 165 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 165) of a native sequence PROl 186 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 165 is a clone designated herein as "DNA60621-1516".
  • Figure 166 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 166) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 165 shown in Figure 165.
  • Figure 167 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 167) of a native sequence PROl 192 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 167 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62814-1521".
  • Figure 168 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 168) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 169 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 169) of a native sequence PRO 1244 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:169 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64883-1526".
  • Figure 170 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 170) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 169 shown in Figure 169.
  • Figure 171 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 171) of a native sequence PR01274 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 171 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64889-1541".
  • Figure 172 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 172) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 171 shown in Figure 171.
  • Figure 173 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 173) of a native sequence PR01412 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 173 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64897-1628".
  • Figure 174 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 174) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 173 shown in Figure 173.
  • Figure 175 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 175) of a native sequence PRO 1286 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 175 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64903-1553" .
  • Figure 176 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 176) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 175 shown in Figure 175.
  • Figure 177 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 177) of a native sequence PRO1330 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 177 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64907-1163-1".
  • Figure 178 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 178) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 179 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 179) of a native sequence PRO 1347 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 179 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64950-1590".
  • Figure 180 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 180) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO : 179 shown in Figure 179.
  • Figure 181 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 181) of a native sequence PRO1305 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 181 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64952-1568".
  • Figure 182 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 182) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181 shown in Figure 181.
  • Figure 183 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 183) of a native sequence PR01273 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 183 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65402-1540".
  • Figure 184 shows the a ino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 184) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 183 shown in Figure 183.
  • Figure 185 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 185) of a native sequence PRO 1279 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 185 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65405-1547".
  • Figure 186 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 186) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 185 shown in Figure 185.
  • Figure 187 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 187) of a native sequence PRO1340 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 187 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66663-1598".
  • Figure 188 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 188) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 187 shown in Figure 187.
  • Figure 189 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 189) of a native sequence PR01338 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 189 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66667" .
  • Figure 190 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 190) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189 shown in Figure 189.
  • Figure 191 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 191) of a native sequence PR01343 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:191 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66675-1587".
  • Figure 192 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 192) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 193 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 193) of a native sequence PR01376 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 193 is a clone designated herein as "DNA67300-1605".
  • Figure 194 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 194) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 193 shown in Figure 193.
  • Figure 195 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 195) of a native sequence PR01387 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 195 is a clone designated herein as "DNA68872-1620".
  • Figure 196 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 196) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 195 shown in Figure 195.
  • Figure 197 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 197) of a native sequence PRO1409 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:197 is a clone designated herein as "DNA71269-1621".
  • Figure 198 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 198) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 197 shown in Figure 197.
  • Figure 199 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 199) of a native sequence PRO 1488 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 199 is a clone designated herein as "DNA73736-1657" .
  • Figure 200 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 200) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 199 shown in Figure 199.
  • Figure 201 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:201) of a native sequence PR01474 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:201 is a clone designated herein as "DNA73739-1645".
  • Figure 202 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:202) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:201 shown in Figure 201.
  • Figure 203 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:203) of a native sequence PR01917 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:203 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76400-2528" .
  • Figure 204 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 204) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:203 shown in Figure 203.
  • Figure 205 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:205) of a native sequence PRO1760 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:205 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76532-1702".
  • Figure 206 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:206) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 207 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:207) of a native sequence PR01567 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:207 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76541-1675".
  • Figure 208 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 208) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:207 shown in Figure 207.
  • Figure 209 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:209) of a native sequence PR01887 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:209 is a clone designated herein as "DNA79862-2522".
  • Figure 210 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:210) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:209 shown in Figure 209.
  • Figure 211 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:211) of a native sequence PR01928 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:211 is a clone designated herein as "DNA81754-2532".
  • Figure 212 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:212) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:211 shown in Figure 211.
  • Figure 213 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:213) of a native sequence PR04341 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:213 is a clone designated herein as "DNA81761-2583".
  • Figure 214 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:214) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:213 shown in Figure 213.
  • Figure 215 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:215) of a native sequence PR05723 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:215 is a clone designated herein as "DNA82361".
  • Figure 216 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:216) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 217 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:217) of a native sequence PRO1801 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:217 is a clone designated herein as "DNA83500-2506".
  • Figure 218 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:218) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:217 shown in Figure 217.
  • Figure 219 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:219) of a native sequence PR04333 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:219 is a clone designated herein as "DNA84210-2576".
  • Figure 220 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:220) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:219 shown in Figure 219.
  • Figure 221 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:221) of a native sequence PR03543 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:221 is a clone designated herein as "DNA86571-2551".
  • Figure 222 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO.-222) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:221 shown in Figure 221.
  • Figure 223 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:223) of a native sequence PR03444 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:223 is a clone designated herein as "DNA87997".
  • Figure 224 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:224) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.223 shown in Figure 223.
  • Figure 225 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:225) of a native sequence PRO4302 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:225 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92218-2554".
  • Figure 226 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:226) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.225 shown in Figure 225.
  • Figure 227 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 227) of a native sequence PR04322 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:227 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92223-2567".
  • Figure 228 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:228) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:227 shown in Figure 227.
  • Figure 229 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:229) of a native sequence PR05725 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:229 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92265-2669".
  • Figure 230 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:230) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • Figure 231 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:231) of a native sequence PRO4408 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:231 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92274-2617".
  • Figure 232 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:232) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.231 shown in Figure 231.
  • Figure 233 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:233) of a native sequence PRO9940 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:223 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92282".
  • Figure 234 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:234) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:233 shown in Figure 233.
  • Figure 235 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:235) of a native sequence PR07154 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:235 is a clone designated herein as "DNA108760-2740".
  • Figure 236 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:236) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO.-235 shown in Figure 235.
  • Figure 237 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:237) of a native sequence PR07425 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:237 is a clone designated herein as "DNA108792-2753" .
  • Figure 238 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:238) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:237 shown in Figure 237.
  • Figure 239 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:239) of a native sequence PRO6079 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:239 is a clone designated herein as "DNA111750-27O6".
  • Figure 240 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 240) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:239 shown in Figure 239.
  • Figure 241 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:241) of a native sequence PR09836 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:241 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119514-2772".
  • Figure 242 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 242) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 shown in Figure 241.
  • Figure 243 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:243) of a native sequence PRO10096 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:243 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125185-2806".
  • Figure 244 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:244) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
  • PRO polypeptide and "PRO” as used herem and when immediately followed by a numerical designation refer to various polypeptides, wherein the complete designation (i.e. , PRO/number) refers to specific polypeptide sequences as described herein.
  • PRO/number polypeptide and “PRO/number” wherein the term “number” is provided as an actual numerical designation as used herein encompass native sequence polypeptides and polypeptide variants (which are further defined herein).
  • the PRO polypeptides described herein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods.
  • PRO polypeptide refers to each individual PRO/number polypeptide disclosed herein. All disclosures in this specification which refer to the "PRO polypeptide” refer to each of the polypeptides individually as well as jointly. For example, descriptions of the preparation of, purification of, derivation of, formation of antibodies to or against, administration of, compositions containing, treatment of a disease with, etc., pertain to each polypeptide of the invention individually.
  • PRO polypeptide also includes variants of the PRO/number polypeptides disclosed herein.
  • a “native sequence PRO polypeptide” comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the corresponding PRO polypeptide derived from nature. Such native sequence PRO polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means .
  • the term "native sequence PRO polypeptide" specifically encompasses naturally-occurring truncated or secreted forms of the specific PRO polypeptide (e.g. , an extracellular domain sequence), naturally-occurring variant forms (e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally-occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide.
  • the native sequence PRO polypeptides disclosed herein are mature or full-length native sequence polypeptides comprising the full-length amino acids sequences shown in the accompanying figures. Start and stop codons are shown in bold font and underlined in the figures. However, while the PRO polypeptide disclosed in the accompanying figures are shown to begin with methionine residues designated herein as amino acid position 1 in the figures, it is conceivable and possible that other methionine residues located either upstream or downstream from the amino acid position 1 in the figures may be employed as the starting amino acid residue for the PRO polypeptides.
  • the PRO polypeptide "extracellular domain” or “ECD” refers to a form of the PRO polypeptide which is essentially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Ordinarily, a PRO polypeptide ECD will have less than 1 % of such transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains and preferably, will have less than 0.5 % of such domains. It will be understood that any transmembrane domains identified for the PRO polypeptides of the present invention are identified pursuant to criteria routinely employed in the art for identifying that type of hydrophobic domain. The exact boundaries of a transmembrane domain may vary but most likely by no more than about 5 amino acids at either end of the domain as initially identified herein.
  • an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide may contain from about 5 or fewer amino acids on either side of the transmembrane domain/extracellular domain boundary as identified in the Examples or specification and such polypeptides, with or without the associated signal peptide, and nucleic acid encoding them, are contemplated by the present invention.
  • cleavage of a signal sequence from a secreted polypeptide is not entirely uniform, resulting in more than one secreted species.
  • These mature polypeptides, where the signal peptide is cleaved within no more than about 5 amino acids on either side of the C-terminal boundary of the signal peptide as identified herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them, are contemplated by the present invention.
  • PRO polypeptide variant means an active PRO polypeptide as defined above or below having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity with a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein.
  • Such PRO polypeptide variants include, for instance, PRO polypeptides wherein one or more amino acid residues are added, or deleted, at the N- or C-terminus of the full- length native amino acid sequence.
  • a PRO polypeptide variant will have at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity to
  • PRO variant polypeptides are at least about 10 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 20 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 30 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 40 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 50 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 60 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 70 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 80 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 90 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 100 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 150 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 200 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 300 amino acids in length, or more.
  • Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity with respect to the PRO polypeptide sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the specific PRO polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
  • % amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2, wherein the complete source code for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below.
  • the ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc. and the source code shown in Table 1 below has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C. , 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087.
  • the ALIGN-2 program is publicly available through Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California or may be compiled from the source code provided in Table 1 below.
  • the ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.
  • % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B is calculated as follows:
  • Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate how to calculate the % amino acid sequence identity of the amino acid sequence designated "Comparison Protein” to the amino acid sequence designated "PRO", wherein “PRO” represents the amino acid sequence of a hypothetical PRO polypeptide of interest, “ Comparison Protein” represents the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide against which the "PRO” polypeptide of interest is being compared, and "X, "Y” and “Z” each represent different hypothetical amino acid residues. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all % amino acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program.
  • a % amino acid sequence identity value is determined by dividing (a) the number of matching identical amino acid residues between the amino acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide of interest having a sequence derived from the native PRO polypeptide and the comparison amino acid sequence of interest (i.e., the sequence against which the PRO polypeptide of interest is being compared which may be a PRO variant polypeptide) as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide of interest.
  • amino acid sequence A is the comparison amino acid sequence of interest and the amino acid sequence B is the amino acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide of interest.
  • Percent amino acid sequence identity may also be determined using the sequence comparison program
  • NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997)).
  • the NCBI-BLAST2 sequence comparison program may be downloaded from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or otherwise obtained from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
  • % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B is calculated as follows:
  • PRO variant polynucleotide or "PRO variant nucleic acid sequence” means a nucleic acid molecule which encodes an active PRO polypeptide as defined below and which has at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity with a nucleotide acid sequence encoding a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein.
  • a PRO variant polynucleotide will have at least about 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96
  • PRO variant polynucleotides are at least about 30 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 60 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 90 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 120 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 150 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 180 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 210 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 240 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 270 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 300 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 450 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 600 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 900 nucleotides in length, or more.
  • Percent (%) nucleic acid sequence identity with respect to PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of nucleotides in a candidate sequence that are identical with the nucleotides in the PRO nucleic acid sequence of interest, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent nucleic acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software.
  • % nucleic acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2, wherein the complete source code for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below.
  • the ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc. and the source code shown in Table 1 below has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C, 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087.
  • the ALIGN-2 program is publicly available tlirough Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California or may be compiled from the source code provided in Table 1 below.
  • the ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.
  • the % nucleic acid sequence identity of a given nucleic acid sequence C to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D is calculated as follows:
  • Tables 4 and 5 demonstrate how to calculate the % nucleic acid sequence identity of the nucleic acid sequence designated "Comparison DNA” to the nucleic acid sequence designated "PRO-DNA”, wherein "PRO-DNA” represents a hypothetical PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequence of interest, “Comparison DNA” represents the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid molecule against which the "PRO-DNA” nucleic acid molecule of interest is being compared, and "N", “L” and “V” each represent different hypothetical nucleotides.
  • a % nucleic acid sequence identity value is determined by dividing (a) the number of matching identical nucleotides between the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest having a sequence derived from the native sequence PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid and the comparison nucleic acid molecule of interest (i.e. , the sequence against which the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest is being compared which may be a variant PRO polynucleotide) as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number of nucleotides of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest.
  • nucleic acid sequence A is the comparison nucleic acid molecule of interest and the nucleic acid sequence B is the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest.
  • Percent nucleic acid sequence identity may also be determined using the sequence comparison program NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997)).
  • NCBI-BLAST2 sequence comparison program may be downloaded from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or otherwise obtained from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
  • % nucleic acid sequence identity of a given nucleic acid sequence C to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D is calculated as follows:
  • PRO variant polynucleotides are nucleic acid molecules that encode an active PRO polypeptide and which are capable of hybridizing, preferably under stringent hybridization and wash conditions, to nucleotide sequences encoding a full-length PRO polypeptide as disclosed herein.
  • PRO variant polypeptides may be those that are encoded by a PRO variant polynucleotide.
  • Isolated, when used to describe the various polypeptides disclosed herein, means polypeptide that has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials that would typically interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the polypeptide, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes.
  • the polypeptide will be purified (1) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (2) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing or reducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain.
  • Isolated polypeptide includes polypeptide in situ within recombinant cells, since at least one component of the PRO polypeptide natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated polypeptide will be prepared by at least one purification step.
  • An "isolated" PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid or other polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule that is identified and separated from at least one contaminant nucleic acid molecule with which it is ordinarily associated in the natural source of the polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid.
  • An isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule is other than in the form or setting in which it is found in nature. Isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecules therefore are distinguished from the specific polypeptide- encoding nucleic acid molecule as it exists in natural cells.
  • an isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule includes polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecules contained in cells that ordinarily express the polypeptide where, for example, the nucleic acid molecule is in a chromosomal location different from that of natural cells.
  • control sequences refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism.
  • the control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site.
  • Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
  • Nucleic acid is "operably linked" when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence.
  • DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide;
  • a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or
  • a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation.
  • "operably linked” means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
  • antibody is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers, for example, single anti-PRO monoclonal antibodies (including agonist, antagonist, and neutralizing antibodies), anti-PRO antibody compositions with polyepitopic specificity, single chain anti-PRO antibodies , and fragments of anti-PRO antibodies (see below) .
  • monoclonal antibody refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e. , the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally-occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts.
  • “Stringency” of hybridization reactions is readily determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art, and generally is an empirical calculation dependent upon probe length, washing temperature, and salt concentration. In general, longer probes require higher temperatures for proper annealing, while shorter probes need lower temperatures .
  • Hybridization generally depends on the ability of denatured DNA to reanneal when complementary strands are present in an environment below their melting temperature. The higher the degree of desired homology between the probe and hybridizable sequence, the higher the relative temperature which can be used. As a result, it follows that higher relative temperatures would tend to make the reaction conditions more stringent, while lower temperatures less so. For additional details and explanation of stringency of hybridization reactions, see Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology.
  • Stringent conditions or “high stringency conditions” may be identified by those that: (1) employ low ionic strength and high temperature for washing, for example 0.015 M sodium chloride/0.0015 M sodium citrate/0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50°C; (2) employ during hybridization a denaturing agent, such as formamide, for example, 50% (v/v) formamide with 0.1% bovine serum albumin/0.1% Ficoll/0.1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone/50mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 with 750 mM sodium chloride, 75 mM sodium citrate at 42°C; or (3) employ 50% formamide, 5 x SSC (0.75 M NaCl, 0.075 M sodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.8), 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 5 x Denhardt's solution, sonicated salmon sperm DNA (50 ⁇ g/ml),
  • washing solution and hybridization conditions e.g., temperature, ionic strength and %SDS
  • moderately stringent conditions is overnight incubation at 37°C in a solution comprising: 20% formamide, 5 x SSC (150 mM NaCl, 15 mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 5 x Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 mg/ml denatured sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the filters in 1 x SSC at about 37-50°C.
  • the skilled artisan will recognize how to adjust the temperature, ionic strength, etc. as necessary to accommodate factors such as probe length and the like.
  • epitope tagged when used herein refers to a chimeric polypeptide comprising a PRO polypeptide fused to a "tag polypeptide".
  • the tag polypeptide has enough residues to provide an epitope against which an antibody can be made, yet is short enough such that it does not interfere with activity of the polypeptide to which it is fused.
  • the tag polypeptide preferably also is fairly unique so that the antibody does not substantially cross-react with other epitopes.
  • Suitable tag polypeptides generally have at least six amino acid residues and usually between about 8 and 50 amino acid residues (preferably, between about 10 and 20 amino acid residues).
  • immunoadhesin designates antibody-like molecules which combine the binding specificity of a heterologous protein (an “adhesin”) with the effector functions of immunoglobulin constant domains.
  • the immunoadhesins comprise a fusion of an amino acid sequence with the desired binding specificity which is other than the antigen recognition and binding site of an antibody (i.e., is “heterologous"), and an immunoglobulin constant domain sequence.
  • the adhesin part of an immunoadhesin molecule typically is a contiguous amino acid sequence comprising at least the binding site of a receptor or a ligand.
  • the immunoglobulin constant domain sequence in the immunoadhesin may be obtained from any immunoglobulin, such as IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3, or IgG-4 subtypes, IgA (including IgA-1 and IgA-2), IgE, IgD or IgM.
  • immunoglobulin such as IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3, or IgG-4 subtypes, IgA (including IgA-1 and IgA-2), IgE, IgD or IgM.
  • Active or “activity” for the purposes herein refers to form(s) of a PRO polypeptide which retain a biological and/or an immunological activity of native or naturally-occurring PRO, wherein "biological” activity refers to a biological function (either inhibitory or stimulatory) caused by a native or naturally-occurring PRO other than the ability to induce the production of an antibody against an antigenic epitope possessed by a native or naturally-occurring PRO and an "immunological” activity refers to the ability to induce the production of an antibody against an antigenic epitope possessed by a native or naturally-occurring PRO.
  • antagonist is used in the broadest sense, and includes any molecule that partially or fully blocks, inhibits, or neutralizes a biological activity of a native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein.
  • agonist is used in the broadest sense and includes any molecule that mimics a biological activity of a native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein.
  • Suitable agonist or antagonist molecules specifically include agonist or antagonist antibodies or antibody fragments, fragments or amino acid sequence variants of native PRO polypeptides, peptides, antisense oligonucleotides, small organic molecules, etc.
  • Methods for identifying agonists or antagonists of a PRO polypeptide may comprise contacting a PRO polypeptide with a candidate agonist or antagonist molecule and measuring a detectable change in one or more biological activities normally associated with the PRO polypeptide.
  • Treatment refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) the targeted pathologic condition or disorder.
  • Those in need of treatment include those already with the disorder as well as those prone to have the disorder or those in whom the disorder is to be prevented.
  • Chronic administration refers to administration of the agent(s) in a continuous mode as opposed to an acute mode, so as to maintain the initial therapeutic effect (activity) for an extended period of time.
  • Intermittent administration is treatment that is not consecutively done without interruption, but rather is cyclic in nature.
  • “Mammal” for purposes of treatment refers to any animal classified as a mammal, including humans, domestic and farm animals, and zoo, sports, or pet animals, such as dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, rabbits, etc. Preferably, the mammal is human.
  • Administration "in combination with” one or more further therapeutic agents includes simultaneous (concurrent) and consecutive administration in any order.
  • Carriers as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers which are nontoxic to the cell or mammal being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution.
  • physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PLURONICSTM.
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids
  • antioxidants including ascorbic acid
  • proteins such as serum albumin,
  • Antibody fragments comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the antigen binding or variable region of the intact antibody.
  • antibody fragments include Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 , and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies (Zapata et al., Protein Eng. 8(10): 1057-1062 [1995]); single-chain antibody molecules; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
  • Papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen-binding fragments, called “Fab” fragments, each with a single antigen-binding site, and a residual "Fc” fragment, a designation reflecting the ability to crystallize readily.
  • Pepsin treatment yields an F(ab') 2 fragment that has two antigen-combining sites and is still capable of cross-linking antigen.
  • Fv is the minimum antibody fragment which contains a complete antigen-recognition and -binding site. This region consists of a dimer of one heavy- and one light-chain variable domain in tight, non-covalent association. It is in this configuration that the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define an antigen- binding site on the surface of the V H -V L dimer. Collectively, the six CDRs confer antigen-binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although at a lower affinity than the entire binding site.
  • the Fab fragment also contains the constant domain of the light chain and the first constant domain (CHI) of the heavy chain.
  • Fab fragments differ from Fab' fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CHI domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region.
  • Fab'-SH is the designation herein for Fab' in wliich the cysteine residue(s) of the constant domains bear a free thiol group.
  • F(ab') 2 antibody fragments originally were produced as pairs of Fab' fragments which have hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known.
  • the "light chains" of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda, based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains.
  • immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes. There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these maybe further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2.
  • immunoglobulins There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these maybe further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2.
  • Single-chain Fv or “sFv” antibody fragments comprise the V H and V L domains of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
  • the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the V H and V L domains which enables the sFv to fo ⁇ n the desired stmcture for antigen binding.
  • a polypeptide linker between the V H and V L domains which enables the sFv to fo ⁇ n the desired stmcture for antigen binding.
  • the term "diabodies” refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy-chain variable domain (V H ) connected to a light-chain variable domain (V L ) in the same polypeptide chain (V H -V L ).
  • Diabodies are described more fully in, for example, EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:6444-6448 (1993).
  • an “isolated” antibody is one which has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials which would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes.
  • the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 95 % by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most preferably more than 99 % by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain.
  • Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
  • An antibody that "specifically binds to” or is “specific for” a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide is one that binds to that particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope.
  • label when used herein refers to a detectable compound or composition which is conjugated directly or indirectly to the antibody so as to generate a “labeled” antibody.
  • the label may be detectable by itself (e.g. radioisotope labels or fluorescent labels) or, in the case of an enzymatic label, may catalyze chemical alteration of a substrate compound or composition which is detectable.
  • solid phase is meant a non-aqueous matrix to which the antibody of the present invention can adhere. Examples of solid phases encompassed herein include those formed partially or entirely of glass (e.g., controlled pore glass), polysaccharides (e.g., agarose), polyacrylamides, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol and silicones.
  • the solid phase can comprise the well of an assay plate; in others it is a purification column (e.g., an affinity chromatography column).
  • This term also includes a discontinuous solid phase of discrete particles, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,275, 149.
  • a “liposome” is a small vesicle composed of various types of lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for delivery of a drag (such as a PRO polypeptide or antibody thereto) to a mammal.
  • the components of the liposome are commonly arranged in a bilayer formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of biological membranes.
  • a “small molecule” is defined herein to have a molecular weight below about 500 Daltons.
  • an “effective amount” of a polypeptide disclosed herein or an agonist or antagonist thereof is an amount sufficient to carry out a specifically stated purpose.
  • An “effective amount” may be determined empirically and in a routine manner, in relation to the stated purpose.
  • filel and file2 are two dna or two protein sequences.
  • Max file length is 65535 (limited by unsigned short x in the jmp struct)
  • a sequence with 1/3 or more of its elements ACGTU is assumed to be DNA
  • the program may create a tmp file in /tmp to hold info about traceback.
  • dumpblockO * putline() put out a line (name, [num], seq, [num]): dumpblockO
  • SPC 3 #def ⁇ ne SPC 3 #define P LINE 256 /* maximum output line */ Mefine P SPC 3 /* space between name or num and seq */ extern _day[26][26]; int olen; /* set output line length */
  • static nm matches in core — for checking */ static lmax; /* lengths of stripped file names */ static ij[2]; /* jmp index for a path */ static nc[2]; /* number at start of current line */ static ni[2]; /* current elem number — for gapping */ static siz[2]; static char *ps[2]; /* ptr to current element */ static char *po[2]; /* ptr to next output char slot */ static char oouutt[[22]][[IP_LINE]; /* output line */ static char starfP ] 3]; /* set by stars() *//
  • *ps[i] toupper(*ps[i]); po[i] + + ; ps[i] + +;
  • *py+ + *px; else if (islower(*px))
  • *py+ + toupper(*px); if (index("ATGCU” ,*(py-l))) natgc+ + ; > ⁇
  • ⁇ int fd -1; int siz, iO, il; register i, j, xx; if ( ⁇ ⁇
  • the present invention provides newly identified and isolated nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides referred to in the present application as PRO polypeptides.
  • cDNAs encoding various PRO polypeptides have been identified and isolated, as disclosed in further detail in the Examples below. It is noted that proteins produced in separate expression rounds may be given different PRO numbers but the UNQ number is unique for any given DNA and the encoded protein, and will not be changed.
  • PRO/number the protein encoded by the full length native nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein as well as all further native homologues and variants included in the foregoing definition of PRO, will be referred to as "PRO/number", regardless of their origin or mode of preparation.
  • PRO Polypeptide Variants In addition to the full-length native sequence PRO polypeptides described herein, it is contemplated that
  • PRO variants can be prepared.
  • PRO variants can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the PRO DNA, and/or by synthesis of the desired PRO polypeptide.
  • amino acid changes may alter post-translational processes of the PRO, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites or altering the membrane anchoring characteristics.
  • Variations in the native full-length sequence PRO or in various domains of the PRO described herein can be made, for example, using any of the techniques and guidelines for conservative and non-conservative mutations set forth, for instance, in U.S. Patent No. 5,364,934.
  • Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the PRO that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the PRO as compared with the native sequence PRO.
  • the variation is by substitution of at least one amino acid with any other amino acid in one or more of the domains of the PRO .
  • Guidance in dete ⁇ nining which amino acid residue may be inserted, substituted or deleted without adversely affecting the desired activity may be found by comparing the sequence of the PRO with that of homologous known protein molecules and minimizing the number of amino acid sequence changes made in regions of high homology.
  • Amino acid substitutions can be the result of replacing one amino acid with another amino acid having similar structural and/or chemical properties, such as the replacement of a leucine with a serine, i.e. , conservative amino acid replacements.
  • Insertions or deletions may optionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids. The variation allowed may be determined by systematically making insertions , deletions or substitutions of amino acids in the sequence and testing the resulting variants for activity exhibited by the full-length or mature native sequence.
  • PRO polypeptide fragments are provided herein. Such fragments may be truncated at the N-terminus or C-terminus, or may lack internal residues, for example, when compared with a full length native protein. Certain fragments lack amino acid residues that are not essential for a desired biological activity of the PRO polypeptide.
  • PRO fragments may be prepared by any of a number of conventional techniques. Desired peptide fragments may be chemically synthesized. An alternative approach involves generating PRO fragments by enzymatic digestion, e.g., by treating the protein with an enzyme known to cleave proteins at sites defined by particular amino acid residues, or by digesting the DNA with suitable restriction enzymes and isolating the desired fragment. Yet another suitable technique involves isolating and amplifying a DNA fragment encoding a desired polypeptide fragment, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oligonucleotides that define the desired termini of the DNA fragment are employed at the 5' and 3' primers in the PCR. Preferably, PRO polypeptide fragments share at least one biological and/or immunological activity with the native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • conservative substitutions of interest are shown in Table 6 under the heading of preferred substitutions. If such substitutions result in a change in biological activity, then more substantial changes, denominated exemplary substitutions in Table 6, or as further described below in reference to amino acid classes, are introduced and the products screened.
  • Substantial modifications in function or immunological identity of the PRO polypeptide are accomplished by selecting substitutions that differ significantly in their effect on maintaining (a) the stmcture of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain.
  • Naturally occurring residues are divided into groups based on common side-chain properties: (1) hydrophobic: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile;
  • Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class .
  • Such substituted residues also may be introduced into the conservative substitution sites or, more preferably, into the remaining (non-conserved) sites.
  • Scanning amino acid analysis can also be employed to identify one or more amino acids along a contiguous sequence.
  • preferred scanning amino acids are relatively small, neutral amino acids.
  • amino acids include alanine, glycine, serine, and cysteine.
  • Alanine is typically a preferred scanning amino acid among this group because it eliminates the side-chain beyond the beta-carbon and is less likely to alter the main- chain conformation of the variant [Cunningham and Wells, Science. 244: 1081-1085 (1989)].
  • Alanine is also typically preferred because it is the most common amino acid. Further, it is frequently found in both buried and exposed positions [Creighton, The Proteins. (W.H. Freeman & Co., N.Y.); Chothia, J. Mol. Biol.. 150:1 (1976)]. If alanine substitution does not yield adequate amounts of variant, an isoteric amino acid can be used.
  • Covalent modifications of PRO are included within the scope of this invention.
  • One type of covalent modification includes reacting targeted amino acid residues of a PRO polypeptide with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N- or C- terminal residues of the PRO.
  • Derivatization with bifunctional agents is useful, for instance, for crosslinking PRO to a water-insoluble support matrix or surface for use in the method for purifying anti-PRO antibodies, and vice-versa.
  • crosslinking agents include, e.g., l,l-bis(diazoacetyl)-2-phenylefhane, glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, for example, esters with 4-azidosalicylic acid, homobifunctional imidoesters, including disuccinimidyl esters such as 3,3 '-mMobis(succinimidylpropionate), bifunctional maleimides such as bis-N-maleimido-1 ,8-octane and agents such as methyl-3-[(p-azidophenyl)dithio]propioimidate.
  • Another type of covalent modification of the PRO polypeptide included within the scope of this invention comprises altering the native glycosylation pattern of the polypeptide.
  • "Altering the native glycosylation pattern” is intended for purposes herein to mean deleting one or more carbohydrate moieties found in native sequence PRO (either by removing the underlying glycosylation site or by deleting the glycosylation by chemical and/or enzymatic means), and/or adding one or more glycosylation sites that are not present in the native sequence PRO.
  • the phrase includes qualitative changes in the glycosylation of the native proteins, involving a change in the nature and proportions of the various carbohydrate moieties present.
  • Addition of glycosylation sites to the PRO polypeptide may be accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence.
  • the alteration may be made, for example, by the addition of, or substitution by, one or more serine or threonine residues to the native sequence PRO (for 0-linked glycosylation sites).
  • the PRO amino acid sequence may optionally be altered through changes at the DNA level, particularly by mutating the DNA encoding the PRO polypeptide at preselected bases such that codons are generated that will translate into the desired amino acids.
  • Another means of increasing the number of carbohydrate moieties on the PRO polypeptide is by chemical or enzymatic coupling of glycosides to the polypeptide. Such methods are described in the art, e.g., in WO 87/05330 published 11 September 1987, and in Aplin and Wriston, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem.. pp. 259-306 (1981).
  • Removal of carbohydrate moieties present on the PRO polypeptide may be accomplished chemically or enzymatically or by mutational substitution of codons encoding for amino acid residues that serve as targets for glycosylation.
  • Chemical deglycosylation techniques are known in the art and described, for instance, by Hakimuddin, et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophvs.. 259:52 (1987) and by Edge et al., Anal. Biochem.. 118:131 (1981).
  • Enzymatic cleavage of carbohydrate moieties on polypeptides can be achieved by the use of a variety of endo- and exo-glycosidases as described by Thotakura et al., Meth. Enzymol., 138:350 (1987).
  • PRO polypeptide comprises linking the PRO polypeptide to one of a variety of nonproteinaceous polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylenes, in the manner set forth in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the PRO of the present invention may also be modified in a way to form a chimeric molecule comprising
  • PRO fused to another, heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence.
  • such a chimeric molecule comprises a fusion of the PRO with a tag polypeptide which provides an epitope to which an anti-tag antibody can selectively bind.
  • the epitope tag is generally placed at the amino- or carboxyl- terminus of the PRO. The presence of such epitope-tagged forms of the PRO can be detected using an antibody against the tag polypeptide. Also, provision of the epitope tag enables the PRO to be readily purified by affinity purification using an anti-tag antibody or another type of affinity matrix that binds to the epitope tag.
  • tag polypeptides and their respective antibodies are well known in the art.
  • poly-histidine poly-his
  • poly-histidine-glycine poly-his-gly
  • flu HA tag polypeptide and its antibody 12CA5 [Field et al. , Mol. Cell. Biol.. 8:2159-2165 (1988)]
  • the c-myc tag and the 8F9, 3C7, 6E10, G4, B7 and 9E10 antibodies thereto [Evan et al., Molecular and Cellular Biology. 5:3610-3616 (1985)]
  • Herpes Simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) tag and its antibody [Paborsky et al., Protein Engineering. 3(6):547- 553 (1990)] .
  • tag polypeptides include the Flag-peptide [Hopp et al. , BioTechnology, 6: 1204-1210 (1988)] ; the KT3 epitope peptide [Martin et al., Science. 255:192-194 (1992)]; an ⁇ -tubulin epitope peptide [Skinner et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 266:15163-15166 (1991)]; and the T7 gene 10 protein peptide tag [Lutz-Freyermuth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:6393-6397 (1990)].
  • the chimeric molecule may comprise a fusion of the PRO with an immunoglobulin or a particular region of an immunoglobulin.
  • an immunoglobulin also referred to as an "immunoadhesin”
  • a fusion could be to the Fc region of an IgG molecule.
  • the Ig fusions preferably include the substitution of a soluble (transmembrane domain deleted or inactivated) form of a PRO polypeptide in place of at least one variable region within an Ig molecule.
  • the immunoglobulin fusion includes the hinge, CH2 and CH3, or the hinge, CHI, CH2 and CH3 regions of an IgGl molecule.
  • PRO sequence or portions thereof, may be produced by direct peptide synthesis using solid-phase techniques [see, e.g., Stewart et al. , Solid- Phase Peptide Synthesis. W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, CA (1969); Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 85:2149-2154 (1963)]. In vitro protein synthesis may be performed using manual techniques or by automation.
  • Automated synthesis may be accomplished, for instance, using an Applied Biosystems Peptide Synthesizer (Foster City, CA) using manufacturer's instructions.
  • Various portions of the PRO may be chemically synthesized separately and combined using chemical or enzymatic methods to produce the full-length PRO.
  • DNA encoding PRO may be obtained from a cDNA library prepared from tissue believed to possess the PRO mRNA and to express it at a detectable level. Accordingly, human PRO DNA can be conveniently obtained from a cDNA library prepared from human tissue, such as described in the Examples.
  • the PRO-encoding gene may also be obtained from a genomic library or by known synthetic procedures (e.g., automated nucleic acid synthesis).
  • Probes such as antibodies to the PRO or oligonucleotides of at least about 20-80 bases
  • Screening the cDNA or genomic library with the selected probe may be conducted using standard procedures, such as described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989).
  • An alternative means to isolate the gene encoding PRO is to use PCR methodology [Sambrook et al., supra: Dieffenbach et al., PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1995)].
  • the oligonucleotide sequences selected as probes should be of sufficient length and sufficiently unambiguous that false positives are minimized.
  • the oligonucleotide is preferably labeled such that it can be detected upon hybridization to DNA in the library being screened. Methods of labeling are well known in the art, and include the use of radiolabels like 32 P-labeled ATP, biotinylation or enzyme labeling. Hybridization conditions, including moderate stringency and high stringency, are provided in Sambrook et al., supra.
  • Sequences identified in such library screening methods can be compared and aligned to other known sequences deposited and available in public databases such as GenBank or other private sequence databases. Sequence identity (at either the amino acid or nucleotide level) within defined regions of the molecule or across the full-length sequence can be determined using methods known in the art and as described herein. Nucleic acid having protein coding sequence may be obtained by screening selected cDNA or genomic libraries using the deduced amino acid sequence disclosed herein for the first time, and, if necessary, using conventional primer extension procedures as described in Sambrook et al., supra, to detect precursors and processing intermediates of mRNA that may not have been reverse-transcribed into cDNA.
  • Host cells are transfected or transformed with expression or cloning vectors described herein for PRO production and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for inducing promoters, selecting transformants, or amplifying the genes encoding the desired sequences.
  • the culture conditions such as media, temperature, pH and the like, can be selected by the skilled artisan without undue experimentation. In general, principles, protocols, and practical techniques for maximizing the productivity of cell cultures can be found in Mammalian Cell Biotechnology: a Practical Approach, M. Butler, ed. (IRL Press, 1991) and Sambrook et al., supra.
  • Methods of eukaryotic cell transfection and prokaryotic cell transformation are known to the ordinarily skilled artisan, for example, CaCl 2 , CaP0 4 , liposome-mediated and electroporation.
  • transformation is performed using standard techniques appropriate to such cells.
  • the calcium treatment employing calcium chloride, as described in Sambrook et al., supra, or electroporation is generally used for prokaryotes.
  • Infection with Ag obacterium tumefaciens is used for transformation of certain plant cells, as described by Shaw et al. , Gene, 23:315 (1983) and WO 89/05859 published 29 June 1989.
  • polybrene polyornithine
  • polybrene polyornithine
  • transforming mammalian cells see Keown et al., Methods in Enzymology, 185:527-537 (1990) and Mansour et al., Nature. 336:348-352 (1988).
  • Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the DNA in the vectors herein include prokaryote, yeast, or higher eukaryote cells.
  • Suitable prokaryotes include but are not limited to eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli.
  • Various E. coli strains are publicly available, such as E. coli K12 strain MM294 (ATCC 31,446); E. coli X1776 (ATCC 31,537); E. coli strain W3110 (ATCC 27,325) and K5 772 (ATCC 53,635).
  • suitable prokaryotic host cells include Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia, e.g., E. coli, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia, e.g., Serratia marcescans, and Shigella, as well as Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (e.g., B. licheniformis 41P disclosed in DD 266,710 published 12 April 1989), Pseudomonas such as P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces. These examples are illustrative rather than limiting.
  • Strain W3110 is one particularly preferred host or parent host because it is a common host strain for recombinant DNA product fermentations. Preferably, the host cell secretes minimal amounts of proteolytic enzymes.
  • strain W3110 may be modified to effect a genetic mutation in the genes encoding proteins endogenous to the host, with examples of such hosts including E. coli W3110 strain 1A2, which has the complete genotype tonA ; E. coli W3110 strain 9E4, which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3; E.
  • E. coli W3110 strain 27C7 (ATCC 55,244), which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3 phoA E15 (argF-lac)169 degP ompTkan r ;
  • E. coli W3110 strain 37D6 which has the complete genotype tonAptr3phoA El 5 (argF-lac)169 degP ompT rbs7 ilvG kan ;
  • E. coli W3110 strain 40B4 which is strain 37D6 with a non-kanamycin resistant degP deletion mutation; and an E. coli strain having mutant periplasmic protease disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,946,783 issued 7 August 1990.
  • eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for PRO-encoding vectors.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used lower eukaryotic host microorganism.
  • Others include Schizosaccharomycespom.be (Beach and Nurse, Nature. 290: 140 [1981]; EP 139,383 published 2 May 1985); Kluyveromyces hosts (U.S. Patent No. 4,943,529; Fleer et al., Bio/Technology.
  • K. lactis MW98-8C, CBS683, CBS4574; Louvencourt et al., J. Bacteriol.. 154(2):737-742 [1983]
  • K. fragilis ATCC 12,424)
  • K. bulgaricus ATCC 16,045)
  • K. wickeramii ATCC 24,178
  • K. waltii ATCC 56,500
  • K. drosophilarum ATCC 36,906; Van den Berg et al., Bio/Technology. 8:135 (1990)
  • K. thetmotolerans K.
  • Schwanniomyces such as Schwanniomyces occidentalis (EP 394,538 published 31 October 1990); and filamentous fungi such as, e.g., Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium (WO 91/00357 published 10 January 1991), and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans (Ballance et al., Biochem. Biophvs. Res. Commun.. 112:284-289 [1983]; Tilburn et al., Gene. 26:205-221 [1983]; Yelton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
  • Methylotropic yeasts are suitable herein and include, but are not limited to, yeast capable of growth on methanol selected from the genera consisting of Hansenula, Candida, Kloeckera, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, and Rhodotorula. A list of specific species that are exemplary of this class of yeasts may be found in C. Anthony, The Biochemistry of Mefhylotrophs. 269 (1982).
  • Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated PRO are derived from multicellular organisms.
  • invertebrate cells include insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9, as well as plant cells .
  • useful mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and COS cells . More specific examples include monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture, Graham et al. , J. Gen Virol., 36:59 (1977)); Chinese hamster ovary cells/-DHFR (CHO, Urlaub and Chasin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
  • mice sertoli cells TM4, Mather, Biol. Reprod., 23:243-251 (1980)
  • human lung cells W138, ATCC CCL 75
  • human liver cells Hep G2, HB 8065
  • mouse mammary tumor MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51. The selection of the appropriate host cell is deemed to be within the skill in the art.
  • the nucleic acid (e.g. , cDNA or genomic DNA) encoding PRO may be inserted into a replicable vector for cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression.
  • a replicable vector for cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression.
  • the vector may, for example, be in the form of a plasmid, cosmid, viral particle, or phage.
  • the appropriate nucleic acid sequence may be inserted into the vector by a variety of procedures. In general, DNA is inserted into an appropriate restriction endonuclease site(s) using techniques known in the art.
  • Vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter, and a transcription termination sequence.
  • the PRO may be produced recombinanfly not only directly, but also as a fusion polypeptide with a heterologous polypeptide, which may be a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the N-terminus of the mature protein or polypeptide.
  • a heterologous polypeptide which may be a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the N-terminus of the mature protein or polypeptide.
  • the signal sequence may be a component of the vector, or it may be a part of the PRO-encoding DNA that is inserted into the vector.
  • the signal sequence may be a prokaryotic signal sequence selected, for example, from the group of the alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, lpp, or heat-stable enterotoxin II leaders.
  • yeast secretion the signal sequence may be, e.g. , the yeast invertase leader, alpha factor leader (including Saccharomyces sn&Kluyveromyces ⁇ -factor leaders, the latter described in U.S. Patent No. 5,010,182), or acid phosphatase leader, the C. albicans glucoamylase leader (EP 362,179 published 4 April 1990), or the signal described in WO 90/13646 published 15 November 1990.
  • mammalian signal sequences may be used to direct secretion of the protein, such as signal sequences from secreted polypeptides of the same or related species, as well as viral secretory leaders.
  • Both expression and cloning vectors contain a nucleic acid sequence that enables the vector to replicate in one or more selected host cells. Such sequences are well known for a variety of bacteria, yeast, and viruses.
  • the origin of replication from the plasmid pBR322 is suitable for most Gram-negative bacteria, the 2 ⁇ plasmid origin is suitable for yeast, and various viral origins (SV40, polyoma, adenoviras, VSV or BPV) are useful for cloning vectors in mammalian cells.
  • Selection genes will typically contain a selection gene, also termed a selectable marker.
  • Typical selection genes encode proteins that (a) confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxins, e.g., ampicillin, neomycin, methotrexate, or tetracycline, (b) complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or (c) supply critical nutrients not available from complex media, e.g., the gene encoding D-alanine racemase for Bacilli.
  • suitable selectable markers for mammalian cells are those that enable the identification of cells competent to take up the PRO-encoding nucleic acid, such as DHFR or thymidine kinase.
  • DHFR DHFR activity
  • yeast plasmid YRp7 yeast plasmid YRp7
  • the trpl gene provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in tryptophan, for example, ATCC No. 44076 or PEP4-1 [Jones, Genetics. 85:12 (1977)].
  • Expression and cloning vectors usually contain a promoter operably linked to the PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequence to direct mRNA synthesis. Promoters recognized by a variety of potential host cells are well known. Promoters suitable for use with prokaryotic hosts include the ⁇ -lactamase and lactose promoter systems [Chang et al., Nature, 275:615 (1978); Goeddel et al., Nature. 281:544 (1979)], alkaline phosphatase, a tryptophan (trp) promoter system [Goeddel, Nucleic Acids Res..
  • Promoters for use in bacterial systems also will contain a Shine-Dalgarno (S.D.) sequence operably linked to the DNA encoding PRO.
  • S.D. Shine-Dalgarno
  • Suitable promoting sequences for use with yeast hosts include the promoters for 3- phosphoglycerate kinase [Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 255:2073 (1980)] or other glycolytic enzymes [Hess et al., J. Adv. Enzyme Reg.. 7:149 (1968); Holland, Biochemistry.
  • enolase such as enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pymvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6- phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyravate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucokinase.
  • enolase such as enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pymvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6- phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyravate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucokinase.
  • yeast promoters which are inducible promoters having the additional advantage of transcription controlled by growth conditions, are the promoter regions for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, degradative enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, metallothionein, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase, and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose utilization. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are further described in EP 73,657.
  • PRO transcription from vectors in mammalian host cells is controlled, for example, by promoters obtained from the genomes of viruses such as polyoma viras, fowlpox virus (UK 2,211,504 published 5 July
  • adenoviras such as Adenovirus 2
  • bovine papilloma virus such as Adenovirus 2
  • avian sarcoma viras such as cytomegalovirus
  • a retrovirus such as hepatitis-B vims and Simian Virus 40 (SV40)
  • heterologous mammalian promoters e.g., the actin promoter or an immunoglobulin promoter
  • heat-shock promoters provided such promoters are compatible with the host cell systems.
  • Transcription of a DNA encoding the PRO by higher eukaryotes may be increased by inserting an enhancer sequence into the vector.
  • Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about from 10 to 300 bp, that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. Many enhancer sequences are now known from mammalian genes (globin, elastase, albumin, cc-fetoprotein, and insulin). Typically, however, one will use an enhancer from a eukaryotic cell virus. Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bp 100- 270), the cytomegalovims early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenoviras enhancers. The enhancer may be spliced into the vector at a position 5' or 3' to the PRO coding sequence, but is preferably located at a site 5' from the promoter.
  • Expression vectors used in eukaryotic host cells will also contain sequences necessary for the termination of transcription and for stabilizing the mRNA. Such sequences are commonly available from the 5' and, occasionally 3', untranslated regions of eukaryotic or viral DNAs or cDNAs. These regions contain nucleotide segments transcribed as polyadenylated fragments in the untranslated portion of the mRNA encoding PRO.
  • Gene amplification and/or expression may be measured in a sample directly, for example, by conventional Southern blotting, Northern blotting to quantitate the transcription of mRNA [Thomas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:5201-5205 (1980)], dot blotting (DNA analysis), or in situ hybridization, using an appropriately labeled probe, based on the sequences provided herein.
  • antibodies may be employed that can recognize specific duplexes, including DNA duplexes, RNA duplexes, and DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes or DNA-protein duplexes. The antibodies in turn may be labeled and the assay may be carried out where the duplex is bound to a surface, so that upon the formation of duplex on the surface, the presence of antibody bound to the duplex can be detected.
  • Gene expression may be measured by immunological methods, such as immunohistochemical staining of cells or tissue sections and assay of cell culture or body fluids, to quantitate directly the expression of gene product.
  • Antibodies useful for immunohistochemical staining and/or assay of sample fluids may be either monoclonal or polyclonal, and may be prepared in any mammal. Conveniently, the antibodies may be prepared against a native sequence PRO polypeptide or against a synthetic peptide based on the DNA sequences provided herein or against exogenous sequence fused to PRO DNA and encoding a specific antibody epitope.
  • PRO may be recovered from culture medium or from host cell lysates. If membrane-bound, it can be released from the membrane using a suitable detergent solution (e.g. Triton-X 100) or by enzymatic cleavage. Cells employed in expression of PRO can be disrupted by various physical or chemical means, such as freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical dismption, or cell lysing agents.
  • a suitable detergent solution e.g. Triton-X 100
  • Cells employed in expression of PRO can be disrupted by various physical or chemical means, such as freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical dismption, or cell lysing agents.
  • the following procedures are exemplary of suitable purification procedures : by fractionation on an ion-exchange column; ethanol precipitation; reverse phase HPLC; chromatography on silica or on a cation-exchange resin such as DEAE; chromatofocusing; SDS-PAGE; ammonium sulfate precipitation; gel filtration using, for example, Sephadex G-75; protein A Sepharose columns to remove contaminants such as IgG; and metal chelating columns to bind epitope- tagged forms of the PRO .
  • PRO Nucleotide sequences (or their complement) encoding PRO have various applications in the art of molecular biology, including uses as hybridization probes, in chromosome and gene mapping and in the generation of anti-sense RNA and DNA.
  • PRO nucleic acid will also be useful for the preparation of PRO polypeptides by the recombinant techniques described herein.
  • the full-length native sequence PRO gene, or portions thereof, may be used as hybridization probes for a cDNA library to isolate the full-length PRO cDNA or to isolate still other cDNAs (for instance, those encoding naturally-occurring variants of PRO or PRO from other species) which have a desired sequence identity to the native PRO sequence disclosed herein.
  • the length of the probes will be about 20 to about 50 bases.
  • the hybridization probes may be derived from at least partially novel regions of the full length native nucleotide sequence wherein those regions may be determined without undue experimentation or from genomic sequences including promoters, enhancer elements and introns of native sequence PRO.
  • a screening method will comprise isolating the coding region of the PRO gene using the known DNA sequence to synthesize a selected probe of about 40 bases.
  • Hybridization probes may be labeled by a variety of labels, including radionucleotides such as 32 P or 35 S, or enzymatic labels such as alkaline phosphatase coupled to the probe via avidin/biotin coupling systems. Labeled probes having a sequence complementary to that of the PRO gene of the present invention can be used to screen libraries of human cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of such libraries the probe hybridizes to. Hybridization techniques are described in further detail in the Examples below.
  • any EST sequences disclosed in the present application may similarly be employed as probes, using the methods disclosed herein.
  • Other useful fragments of the PRO nucleic acids include antisense or sense oligonucleotides comprising a singe-stranded nucleic acid sequence (either RNA or DNA) capable of binding to target PRO mRNA (sense) or PRO DNA (antisense) sequences.
  • Antisense or sense oligonucleotides, according to the present invention comprise a fragment of the coding region of PRO DNA. Such a fragment generally comprises at least about 14 nucleotides, preferably from about 14 to 30 nucleotides.
  • binding of antisense or sense oligonucleotides to target nucleic acid sequences results in the formation of duplexes that block transcription or translation of the target sequence by one of several means, including enhanced degradation of the duplexes, premature termination of transcription or translation, or by other means.
  • the antisense oligonucleotides thus may be used to block expression of PRO proteins.
  • Antisense or sense oligonucleotides further comprise oligonucleotides having modified sugar-phosphodiester backbones (or other sugar linkages, such as those described in WO 91/06629) and wherein such sugar linkages are resistant to endogenous nucleases.
  • Such oligonucleotides with resistant sugar linkages are stable in vivo (i.e., capable of resisting enzymatic degradation) but retain sequence specificity to be able to bind to target nucleotide sequences.
  • Other examples of sense or antisense oligonucleotides include those oligonucleotides which are covalently linked to organic moieties, such as those described in WO 90/10048, and other moieties that increases affinity of the oligonucleotide for a target nucleic acid sequence, such as poly-(L-lysine).
  • intercalating agents such as ellipticine, and alkylating agents or metal complexes may be attached to sense or antisense oligonucleotides to modify binding specificities of die antisense or sense oligonucleotide for the target nucleotide sequence.
  • Antisense or sense oligonucleotides may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence by any gene transfer method, including, for example, CaP0 4 -mediated DNA transfection, electroporation, or by using gene transfer vectors such as Epstein-Barr viras.
  • an antisense or sense oligonucleotide is inserted into a suitable retroviral vector.
  • a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence is contacted with the recombinant retroviral vector, either in vivo or ex vivo.
  • Suitable retroviral vectors include, but are not limited to, those derived from the murine retrovirus M-MuLV, N2 (a retrovirus derived from M-MuLV), or the double copy vectors designated DCT5A, DCT5B and DCT5C (see WO 90/13641).
  • Sense or antisense oligonucleotides also may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleotide sequence by formation of a conjugate with a ligand binding molecule, as described in WO 91/04753.
  • Suitable ligand binding molecules include, but are not limited to, cell surface receptors, growth factors, other cytokines, or other ligands that bind to cell surface receptors.
  • conjugation of the ligand binding molecule does not substantially interfere with the ability of the ligand binding molecule to bind to its corresponding molecule or receptor, or block entry of the sense or antisense oligonucleotide or its conjugated version into the cell.
  • a sense or an antisense oligonucleotide may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence by formation of an oligonucleotide-lipid complex, as described in WO 90/10448.
  • the sense or antisense oligonucleotide-lipid complex is preferably dissociated within the cell by an endogenous lipase.
  • Antisense or sense RNA or DNA molecules are generally at least about 5 bases in length, about 10 bases in length, about 15 bases in length, about 20 bases in length, about 25 bases in length, about 30 bases in length, about 35 bases in length, about 40 bases in length, about 45 bases in length, about 50 bases in length, about 55 bases in length, about 60 bases in length, about 65 bases in length, about 70 bases in length, about 75 bases in length, about 80 bases in length, about 85 bases in length, about 90 bases in length, about 95 bases in length, about 100 bases in length, or more.
  • the probes may also be employed in PCR techniques to generate a pool of sequences for identification of closely related PRO coding sequences.
  • Nucleotide sequences encoding a PRO can also be used to construct hybridization probes for mapping the gene which encodes that PRO and for the genetic analysis of individuals with genetic disorders.
  • the nucleotide sequences provided herein may be mapped to a chromosome and specific regions of a chromosome using known techniques, such as in situ hybridization, linkage analysis against known chromosomal markers, and hybridization screening with libraries.
  • the PRO can be used in assays to identify the other proteins or molecules involved in the binding interaction. By such methods, inhibitors of the receptor/ligand binding interaction can be identified. Proteins involved in such binding interactions can also be used to screen for peptide or small molecule inhibitors or agonists of the binding interaction. Also, the receptor PRO can be used to isolate correlative ligand(s). Screening assays can be designed to find lead compounds that mimic the biological activity of a native PRO or a receptor for PRO. Such screening assays will include assays amenable to high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, making them particularly suitable for identifying small molecule drag candidates.
  • Small molecules contemplated include synthetic organic or inorganic compounds.
  • the assays can be performed in a variety of formats, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical screening assays, immunoassays and cell based assays, which are well characterized in the art.
  • Nucleic acids which encode PRO or its modified forms can also be used to generate either transgenic animals or "knock out" animals which, in turn, are useful in the development and screening of therapeutically useful reagents.
  • a transgenic animal e.g., a mouse or rat
  • a transgenic animal is an animal having cells that contain a transgene, which transgene was introduced into the animal or an ancestor of the animal at a prenatal, e.g., an embryonic stage.
  • a transgene is a DNA which is integrated into the genome of a cell from which a transgenic animal develops.
  • cDNA encoding PRO can be used to clone genomic DNA encoding PRO in accordance with established techniques and the genomic sequences used to generate transgenic animals that contain cells which express DNA encoding PRO.
  • Methods for generating transgenic animals, particularly animals such as mice or rats, have become conventional in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,736,866 and 4,870,009.
  • particular cells would be targeted for PRO transgene incorporation with tissue-specific enhancers.
  • Transgenic animals that include a copy of a transgene encoding PRO introduced into the germ line of the animal at an embryomc stage can be used to examine the effect of increased expression of DNA encoding PRO.
  • Such animals can be used as tester animals for reagents thought to confer protection from, for example, pathological conditions associated with its overexpression.
  • an animal is treated with the reagent and a reduced incidence of the pathological condition, compared to untreated animals bearing the transgene, would indicate a potential therapeutic intervention for the pathological condition.
  • non-human homologues of PRO can be used to constmct a PRO "knock out" animal which has a defective or altered gene encoding PRO as a result of homologous recombination between the endogenous gene encoding PRO and altered genomic DNA encoding PRO introduced into an embryonic stem cell of the animal.
  • cDNA encoding PRO can be used to clone genomic DNA encoding PRO in accordance with established techniques. A portion of the genomic DNA encoding PRO can be deleted or replaced with another gene, such as a gene encoding a selectable marker which can be used to monitor integration.
  • flanking DNA typically, several kilobases of unaltered flanking DNA (both at the 5' and 3' ends) are included in the vector [see e.g., Thomas and Capecchi, Cell, 51:503 (1987) for a description of homologous recombination vectors].
  • the vector is introduced into an embryonic stem cell line (e.g., by electroporation) and cells in which the introduced DNA has homologously recombined with the endogenous DNA are selected [see e.g., Li et al., Cell. 69:915 (1992)].
  • the selected cells are then injected into a blastocyst of an animal (e.g., a mouse or rat) to form aggregation chimeras [see e.g., Bradley, in Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach, E. J. Robertson, ed. (IRL, Oxford, 1987), pp. 113-152].
  • a chimeric embryo can then be implanted into a suitable pseudopregnant female foster animal and the embryo brought to term to create a "knock out" animal.
  • Progeny harboring the homologously recombined DNA in their germ cells can be identified by standard techniques and used to breed animals in which all cells of the animal contain the homologously recombined DNA. Knockout animals can be characterized for instance, for their ability to defend against certain pathological conditions and for their development of pathological conditions due to absence of the PRO polypeptide.
  • Nucleic acid encoding the PRO polypeptides may also be used in gene therapy.
  • genes are introduced into cells in order to achieve in vivo synthesis of a therapeutically effective genetic product, for example for replacement of a defective gene.
  • Gene therapy includes both conventional gene therapy where a lasting effect is achieved by a single treatment, and the administration of gene therapeutic agents, which involves the one time or repeated administration of a therapeutically effective DNA or mRNA.
  • Antisense RNAs and DNAs can be used as therapeutic agents for blocking the expression of certain genes in vivo. It has already been shown that short antisense oligonucleotides can be imported into cells where they act as inhibitors, despite their low intracellular concentrations caused by their restricted uptake by the cell membrane.
  • the oligonucleotides can be modified to enhance their uptake, e.g. by substituting their negatively charged phosphodiester groups by uncharged groups.
  • the currently preferred in vivo gene transfer techniques include transfection with viral (typically retroviral) vectors and viral coat protein-liposome mediated transfection (Dzau et al. , Trends in Biotechnology 11, 205-210 [1993]).
  • viral typically retroviral
  • viral coat protein-liposome mediated transfection Dzau et al. , Trends in Biotechnology 11, 205-210 [1993]
  • an agent that targets the target cells such as an antibody specific for a cell surface membrane protein or the target cell, a ligand for a receptor on the target cell, etc.
  • proteins which bind to a cell surface membrane protein associated with endocytosis may be used for targeting and/or to facilitate uptake, e.g.
  • capsid proteins or fragments thereof tropic for a particular cell type antibodies for proteins wliich undergo internalization in cycling, proteins that target intracellular localization and enhance intracellular half-life.
  • the technique of receptor- mediated endocytosis is described, for example, by Wu et al. , J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4429-4432 (1987); and Wagner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 3410-3414 (1990).
  • Wu et al. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4429-4432 (1987); and Wagner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 3410-3414 (1990).
  • PRO polypeptides described herein may also be employed as molecular weight markers for protein electrophoresis purposes and the isolated nucleic acid sequences may be used for recombinanfiy expressing those markers.
  • the nucleic acid molecules encoding the PRO polypeptides or fragments thereof described herein are useful for chromosome identification.
  • Each PRO nucleic acid molecule of the present invention can be used as a chromosome marker.
  • the PRO polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may also be used diagnostically for tissue typing, wherein the PRO polypeptides of the present invention may be differentially expressed in one tissue as compared to another, preferably in a diseased tissue as compared to a normal tissue of the same tissue type.
  • PRO nucleic acid molecules will find use for generating probes for PCR, Northern analysis, Southern analysis and Western analysis.
  • the PRO polypeptides described herein may also be employed as therapeutic agents.
  • the PRO polypeptides of the present invention can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the PRO product hereof is combined in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier vehicle.
  • Therapeutic formulations are prepared for storage by mixing the active ingredient having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition. Osol, A. Ed. (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions.
  • Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin or irnmunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, PLURONICSTM or PEG.
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids
  • antioxidants including ascorbic acid
  • the formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes, prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution.
  • compositions herein generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.
  • the route of administration is in accord with known methods, e.g. injection or infusion by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral, intramuscular, intraocular, intraarterial or intralesional routes, topical administration, or by sustained release systems.
  • Dosages and desired drag concentrations of pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may vary depending on the particular use envisioned. The determination of the appropriate dosage or route of administration is well within the skill of an ordinary physician. Animal experiments provide reliable guidance for the determination of effective doses for human therapy. Interspecies scaling of effective doses can be performed following the principles laid down by Mordenti, J. and Chappell, W. "The use of interspecies scaling intoxicokinetics” InToxicokinetics and New Drag Development, Yacobietal., Eds., Pergamon Press, New York 1989, pp. 42-96.
  • normal dosage amounts may vary from about 10 ng/kg to up to 100 mg/kg of mammal body weight or more per day, preferably about 1 ⁇ g/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day, depending upon the route of administration.
  • Guidance as to particular dosages and methods of delivery is provided in the literature; see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,657,760; 5,206,344; or 5,225,212. It is anticipated that different formulations will be effective for different treatment compounds and different disorders, that administration targeting one organ or tissue, for example, may necessitate delivery in a manner different from that to another organ or tissue.
  • microencapsulation of the PRO polypeptide is contemplated.
  • Microencapsulation of recombinant proteins for sustained release has been successfully performed with human growth hormone (rhGH), interferon- (rhlFN- ), interleukin-2, and MN rgpl20. Johnson et al., Nat. Med.. 2:795-799 (1996); Yasuda, Biomed. Ther.. 27: 1221-1223 (1993); Hora et al. , Bio/Technology.
  • the sustained-release formulations of these proteins were developed using poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA) polymer due to its biocompatibility and wide range of biodegradable properties .
  • PLGA poly-lactic-coglycolic acid
  • the degradation products of PLGA, lactic and glycolic acids, can be cleared quickly within the human body.
  • the degradability of this polymer can be adjusted from months to years depending on its molecular weight and composition.
  • Lewis "Controlled release of bioactive agents from lactide/glycolide polymer," in: M. Chasin and R. Langer (Eds.), Biodegradable Polymers as Drag Delivery Systems (Marcel Dekker: New York, 1990), pp. 1-41.
  • This invention encompasses methods of screening compounds to identify those that mimic the PRO polypeptide (agonists) or prevent the effect of the PRO polypeptide (antagonists) .
  • Screening assays for antagonist drag candidates are designed to identify compounds that bind or complex with the PRO polypeptides encoded by the genes identified herein, or otherwise interfere with the interaction of the encoded polypeptides with other cellular proteins.
  • Such screening assays will include assays amenable to high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, making them particularly suitable for identifying small molecule drag candidates.
  • the assays can be performed in a variety of formats, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical screening assays, immunoassays, and cell-based assays, which are well characterized in the art.
  • All assays for antagonists are common in that they call for contacting the drug candidate with a PRO polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid identified herein under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow these two components to interact.
  • binding assays the interaction is binding and the complex formed can be isolated or detected in the reaction mixture.
  • the PRO polypeptide encoded by the gene identified herein or the drag candidate is immobilized on a solid phase, e.g., on a microtiter plate, by covalent or non-covalent attachments.
  • Non-covalent attachment generally is accomplished by coating the solid surface with a solution of the PRO polypeptide and drying.
  • an immobilized antibody e.g., a monoclonal antibody, specific for the PRO polypeptide to be immobilized can be used to anchor it to a solid surface.
  • the assay is performed by adding the non-immobilized component, which may be labeled by a detectable label, to the immobilized component, e.g. , the coated surface containing the anchored component.
  • the non-immobilized component e.g., the coated surface containing the anchored component.
  • the non- reacted components are removed, e.g., by washing, and complexes anchored on the solid surface are detected.
  • the detection of label immobilized on the surface indicates that complexing occurred.
  • complexing can be detected, for example, by using a labeled antibody specifically binding the immobilized complex.
  • the candidate compound interacts with but does not bind to a particular PRO polypeptide encoded by a gene identified herein, its interaction with that polypeptide can be assayed by methods well known for detecting protein-protein interactions.
  • assays include traditional approaches, such as, e.g., cross-linking, co- immunoprecipitation, and co-purification through gradients or chromatographic columns.
  • protein- protein interactions can be monitored by using a yeast-based genetic system described by Fields and co-workers (Fields and Song, Nature (London).340:245-246 (1989); ChienetaL, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:9578-9582 (1991)) as disclosed by Chevray and Nathans, Proc.
  • yeast GAL4 Many transcriptional activators, such as yeast GAL4, consist of two physically discrete modular domains, one acting as the DNA-binding domain, the other one functioning as the transcription-activation domain.
  • the yeast expression system described in the foregoing publications (generally referred to as the "two-hybrid system") takes advantage of this property, and employs two hybrid proteins , one in which the target protein is fused to the DNA- binding domain of GAL4, and another, in which candidate activating proteins are fused to the activation domain.
  • the expression of a GALl-lacZ reporter gene under control of a GAL4-activated promoter depends on reconstirution of GAL4 activity via protein-protein interaction.
  • Colonies containing interacting polypeptides are detected with a chromogenic substrate for ⁇ -galactosidase.
  • a complete kit (MATCHMAKERTM) for identifying protein-protein interactions between two specific proteins using the two-hybrid technique is commercially available from Clontech. This system can also be extended to map protein domains involved in specific protein interactions as well as to pinpoint amino acid residues that are crucial for these interactions.
  • a reaction mixture is prepared containing the product of the gene and the intra- or extracellular component under conditions and for a time allowing for the interaction and binding of the two products .
  • a candidate compound to inhibit binding, the reaction is run in the absence and in the presence of the test compound.
  • a placebo may be added to a third reaction mixture, to serve as positive control.
  • the binding (complex formation) between the test compound and the intra- or extracellular component present in the mixture is monitored as described hereinabove. The formation of a complex in the control reaction(s) but not in the reaction mixture containing the test compound indicates that the test compound interferes with the interaction of the test compound and its reaction partner.
  • the PRO polypeptide may be added to a cell along with the compound to be screened for a particular activity and the ability of the compound to inhibit the activity of interest in the presence of the PRO polypeptide indicates that the compound is an antagonist to the PRO polypeptide.
  • antagonists may be detected by combining the PRO polypeptide and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound PRO polypeptide receptors or recombinant receptors under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay.
  • the PRO polypeptide can be labeled, such as by radioactivity, such that the number of PRO polypeptide molecules bound to the receptor can be used to determine the effectiveness of the potential antagonist.
  • the gene encoding the receptor can be identified by numerous methods known to those of skill in the art, for example, ligand panning and FACS sorting. Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Immun.. 1(2): Chapter 5 (1991).
  • expression cloning is employed wherein polyadenylated RNA is prepared from a cell responsive to the PRO polypeptide and a cDNA library created from this RNA is divided into pools and used to transfect COS cells or other cells that are not responsive to the PRO polypeptide. Transfected cells that are grown on glass slides are exposed to labeled PRO polypeptide.
  • the PRO polypeptide can be labeled by a variety of means including iodination or inclusion of a recognition site for a site-specific protein kinase. Following fixation and incubation, the slides are subjected to autoradiographic analysis. Positive pools are identified and sub-pools are prepared and re-transfected using an interactive sub-pooling and re-screening process, eventually yielding a single clone that encodes the putative receptor.
  • labeled PRO polypeptide can be photoaffinity- linked with cell membrane or extract preparations that express the receptor molecule. Cross-linked material is resolved by PAGE and exposed to X-ray film. The labeled complex containing the receptor can be excised, resolved into peptide fragments, and subjected to protein micro-sequencing. The amino acid sequence obtained from micro- sequencing would be used to design a set of degenerate oligonucleotide probes to screen a cDNA library to identify the gene encoding the putative receptor.
  • mammalian cells or a membrane preparation expressing the receptor would be incubated with labeled PRO polypeptide in the presence of the candidate compound. The ability of the compound to enhance or block this interaction could then be measured.
  • potential antagonists include an oligonucleotide that binds to the fusions of immunoglobulin with PRO polypeptide, and, in particular, antibodies including, without limitation, poly- and monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments, single-chain antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, and chimeric or humanized versions of such antibodies or fragments, as well as human antibodies and antibody fragments.
  • a potential antagonist may be a closely related protein, for example, a mutated form of the PRO polypeptide that recognizes the receptor but imparts no effect, thereby competitively inhibiting the action of the PRO polypeptide.
  • Another potential PRO polypeptide antagonist is an antisense RNA or DNA construct prepared using antisense technology, where, e.g., an antisense RNA or DNA molecule acts to block directly the translation of mRNA by hybridizing to targeted mRNA and preventing protein translation.
  • Antisense technology can be used to control gene expression through triple-helix formation or antisense DNA or RNA, both of which methods are based on binding of a polynucleotide to DNA or RNA.
  • the 5' coding portion of the polynucleotide sequence, which encodes the mature PRO polypeptides herein, is used to design an antisense RNA oligonucleotide of from about 10 to 40 base pairs in length.
  • a DNA oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to a region of the gene involved in transcription (triple helix - see Lee et al., Nucl. Acids Res.. 3:173 (1979); Cooney et al.. Science. 241: 456 (1988); Dervanet aL, Science. 251:1360 (1991)). thereby preventing transcription and the production of the PRO polypeptide.
  • the antisense RNA oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of the mRNA molecule into the PRO polypeptide (antisense - Okano, Neurochem..' 56:560 (1991); Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1988).
  • the oligonucleotides described above can also be delivered to cells such that the antisense RNA or DNA may be expressed in vivo to inliibit production of the PRO polypeptide.
  • antisense DNA is used, oligodeoxyribonucleotides derived from the translation-initiation site, e.g. , between about -10 and + 10 positions of the target gene nucleotide sequence, are preferred.
  • Potential antagonists include small molecules that bind to the active site, the receptor binding site, or growth factor or other relevant binding site of the PRO polypeptide, thereby blocking the normal biological activity of the PRO polypeptide.
  • small molecules include, but are not limited to, small peptides or peptide-like molecules, preferably soluble peptides, and synthetic non-peptidyl organic or inorganic compounds.
  • Ribozymes are enzymatic RNA molecules capable of catalyzing the specific cleavage of RNA. Ribozymes act by sequence-specific hybridization to the complementary target RNA, followed by endonucleolytic cleavage. Specific ribozyme cleavage sites within a potential RNA target can be identified by known techniques.
  • Nucleic acid molecules in triple-helix formation used to inhibit transcription should be single-stranded and composed of deoxynucleotides.
  • the base composition of these oligonucleotides is designed such that it promotes triple-helix formation via Hoogsteen base-pairing rules, which generally require sizeable stretches of purines or pyrimidines on one strand of a duplex.
  • PCT publication No. WO 97/33551, supra These small molecules can be identified by any one or more of the screening assays discussed hereinabove and/or by any other screening techniques well known for those skilled in the art.
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the herein disclosed molecules may also be based upon the positive functional assay hits disclosed and described below.
  • the present invention further provides anti-PRO antibodies.
  • Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, bispecific, and heteroconjugate antibodies.
  • the anti-PRO antibodies may comprise polyclonal antibodies. Methods of preparing polyclonal antibodies are known to the skilled artisan. Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in a mammal, for example, by one or more injections of an immunizing agent and, if desired, an adjuvant. Typically, the immunizing agent and/or adjuvant will be injected in the mammal by multiple subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections.
  • the nimunizing agent may include the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. It may be useful to conjugate the immunizing agent to a protein known to be immunogenic in the mammal being immunized.
  • immunogenic proteins include but are not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor.
  • adjuvants which may be employed include Freund's complete adjuvant and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl Lipid A, synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate).
  • the immunization protocol may be selected by one skilled in the art without undue experimentation.
  • the anti-PRO antibodies may, alternatively, be monoclonal antibodies.
  • Monoclonal antibodies may be prepared using hybridoma methods, such as those described by Kohler and Milstein, Nature. 256:495 (1975).
  • a mouse, hamster, or other appropriate host animal is typically immunized with an immunizing agent to elicit lymphocytes that produce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specifically bind to the immunizing agent.
  • the lymphocytes may be immunized in vitro.
  • the irnmunizing agent will typically include the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof.
  • PBLs peripheral blood lymphocytes
  • spleen cells or lymph node cells are used if non-human mammalian sources are desired.
  • the lymphocytes are then fused with an immortalized cell line using a suitable fusing agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell [Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice. Academic Press, (1986) pp. 59-103].
  • Immortalized cell lines are usually transformed mammalian cells, particularly myeloma cells of rodent, bovine and human origin.
  • rat or mouse myeloma cell lines are employed.
  • the hybridoma cells may be cultured in a suitable culture medium that preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, immortalized cells.
  • a suitable culture medium that preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, immortalized cells.
  • the culture medium for the hybridomas typically will include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (“HAT medium”), which substances prevent the growth of HGPRT- deficient cells.
  • Preferred immortalized cell lines are those that fuse efficiently, support stable high level expression of antibody by the selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a medium such as HAT medium. More preferred immortalized cell lines are murine myeloma lines, which can be obtained, for instance, from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, California and the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines also have been described for the production of human monoclonal antibodies [Kozbor, J. Immunol., 133 :3001 (1984); Brodeur et al. , Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, (1987) pp. 51-63].
  • the culture medium in which the hybridoma cells are cultured can then be assayed for the presence of monoclonal antibodies directed against PRO.
  • the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma cells is determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA).
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay
  • the binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can, for example, be determined by the Scatchard analysis of Munson and Pollard, Anal. Biochem.. 107:220 (1980).
  • the clones may be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods [Goding, supra] .
  • Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and RPMI-1640 medium.
  • the hybridoma cells may be grown in vivo as ascites in a mammal.
  • the monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones may be isolated or purified from the culture medium or ascites fluid by conventional immunoglobulin purification procedures such as, for example, protein A- Sepharose, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, or affinity chromatography.
  • the monoclonal antibodies may also be made by recombinant DNA methods, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567.
  • DNA encoding the monoclonal antibodies of the invention can be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g. , by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies).
  • the hybridoma cells of the invention serve as a preferred source of such DNA.
  • the DNA may be placed into expression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such as simian COS cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce immunoglobulin protein, to obtain the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies in the recombinant host cells.
  • the DNA also may be modified, for example, by substituting the coding sequence for human heavy and light chain constant domains in place of the homologous murine sequences [U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567; Morrison et al., supral or by covalently joining to the immunoglobulin coding sequence all or part of the coding sequence for a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide .
  • non-immunoglobulin polypeptide can be substituted for the constant domains of an antibody of the invention, or can be substituted for the variable domains of one antigen-combining site of an antibody of the invention to create a chimeric bivalent antibody.
  • the antibodies may be monovalent antibodies.
  • Methods for preparing monovalent antibodies are well known in the art. For example, one method involves recombinant expression of immunoglobulin light chain and modified heavy chain.
  • the heavy chain is truncated generally at any point in the Fc region so as to prevent heavy chain crosslinking.
  • the relevant cysteine residues are substituted with another amino acid residue or are deleted so as to prevent crosslinking.
  • In vitro methods are also suitable for preparing monovalent antibodies. Digestion of antibodies to produce fragments thereof, particularly, Fab fragments, can be accomplished using routine techniques known in the art.
  • the anti-PRO antibodies of the invention may further comprise humanized antibodies or human antibodies.
  • Humanized forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin.
  • Humanized antibodies include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in wliich residues from a complementary dete ⁇ r ⁇ ning region (CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity and capacity.
  • CDR complementary dete ⁇ r ⁇ ning region
  • Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues.
  • Humanized antibodies may also comprise residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences.
  • the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence.
  • the humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin [Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al. , Nature. 332:323-329 (1988); and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2:593-596 (1992)].
  • Fc immunoglobulin constant region
  • a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non- human amino acid residues are often referred to as "import" residues, which are typically taken from an "import” variable domain.
  • Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers [Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al., Nature. 332:323-327 (1988); Verhoeyen et al., Science.239: 1534-1536 (1988)], by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody.
  • humanized antibodies are chimeric antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567), wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species.
  • humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies.
  • Human antibodies can also be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage display libraries [Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol.. 227:381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581 (1991)]. The techniques of Cole et al. and Boerner et al.
  • human antibodies can be made by introducing of human immunoglobulin loci into transgenic animals, e.g. , mice in which the endogenous immunoglobulin genes have been partially or completely inactivated. Upon challenge, human antibody production is observed, which closely resembles that seen in humans in all respects, including gene rearrangement, assembly, and antibody repertoire. This approach is described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the antibodies may also be affinity matured using known selection and/or mutagenesis methods as described above.
  • Preferred affinity matured antibodies have an affinity which is five times, more preferably 10 times, even more preferably 20 or 30 times greater than the starting antibody (generally murine, humanized or human) from which the matured antibody is prepared.
  • Bispecific antibodies are monoclonal, preferably human or humanized, antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different antigens.
  • one of the binding specificities is for the PRO, the other one is for any other antigen, and preferably for a cell-surface protein or receptor or receptor subunit.
  • bispecific antibodies are known in the art. Traditionally, the recombinant production of bispecific antibodies is based on the co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy-chain/light-chain pairs, where the two heavy chains have different specificities [Milstein and Cuello, Nature. 305:537-539 (1983)]. Because of the random assortment of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, these hybridomas (quadromas) produce a potential mixture of ten different antibody molecules, of which only one has the correct bispecific stracture. The purification of the correct molecule is usually accomplished by affinity chromatography steps. Similar procedures are disclosed in WO 93/08829, published 13 May 1993, and in Traunecker et al., EMBO J..
  • Antibody variable domains with the desired binding specificities can be fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences .
  • the fusion preferably is with an immunoglobulin heavy- chain constant domain, comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and CH3 regions. It is preferred to have the first heavy-chain constant region (CHI) containing the site necessary for light-chain binding present in at least one of the fusions .
  • DNAs encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain fusions and, if desired, the immunoglobulin light chain are inserted into separate expression vectors, and are co-transfected into a suitable host organism.
  • the interface between a pair of antibody molecules can be engineered to maximize the percentage of heterodimers which are recovered from recombinant cell culture.
  • the preferred interface comprises at least a part of the CH3 region of an antibody constant domain.
  • one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g. tyrosine or tryptophan).
  • Compensatory "cavities" of identical or similar size to the large side chain(s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g. alanine or threonine). This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers.
  • Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full length antibodies or antibody fragments (e.g. F(ab') 2 bispecific antibodies). Techniques for generating bispecific antibodies from antibody fragments have been described in the literature. For example, bispecific antibodies can be prepared can be prepared using chemical linkage. Brennan et al. , Science 229:81 (1985) describe a procedure wherein intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to generate F(ab') 2 fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent sodium arsenite to stabilize vicinal dithiols and prevent rntermolecular disulfide formation. The Fab' fragments generated are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives.
  • TAB thionitrobenzoate
  • One of the Fab'-TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab'- hiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine and is mixed with an equimolar amount of the other Fab'-TNB derivative to form the bispecific antibody.
  • the bispecific antibodies produced can be used as agents for the selective immobilization of enzymes.
  • Fab' fragments may be directly recovered from E. coli and chemically coupled to form bispecific antibodies. Shalaby et al, J. Exp. Med. 175:217-225 (1992) describe the production of a fully humanized bispecific antibody F(ab') 2 molecule. Each Fab' fragment was separately secreted from E. coli and subjected to directed chemical coupling in vitro to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibody thus formed was able to bind to cells overexpressing the ErbB2 receptor and normal human T cells, as well as trigger the lytic activity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against human breast tumor targets.
  • bispecific antibodies have been produced using leucine zippers.
  • the leucine zipper peptides from the Fos and Jun proteins were linked to the Fab' portions of two different antibodies by gene fusion.
  • the antibody homodimers were reduced at the hinge region to form monomers and then re-oxidized to form the antibody heterodimers. This method can also be utilized for the production of antibody homodimers.
  • the fragments comprise a heavy-chain variable domain (V H ) connected to a light-chain variable domain (V ⁇ by a linker which is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain. Accordingly, the V H and V L domains of one fragment are forced to pair with the complementary V L and V H domains of another fragment, thereby forming two antigen-binding sites.
  • V H and V L domains of one fragment are forced to pair with the complementary V L and V H domains of another fragment, thereby forming two antigen-binding sites.
  • sFv single-chain Fv
  • Antibodies with more than two valencies are contemplated.
  • trispecific antibodies can be prepared. Tutt et al. , J. Immunol. 147:60 (1991).
  • bispecific antibodies may bind to two different epitopes on a given PRO polypeptide herein.
  • an anti-PRO polypeptide arm may be combined with an arm which binds to a triggering molecule on a leukocyte such as a T-cell receptor molecule (e.g. CD2, CD3, CD28, or B7), or Fc receptors for IgG (Fc ⁇ R), such as Fc ⁇ RI (CD64), Fc ⁇ RII (CD32) and Fc ⁇ RIII (CD16) so as to focus cellular defense mechanisms to the cell expressing the particular PRO polypeptide.
  • Bispecific antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents to cells which express a particular PRO polypeptide.
  • These antibodies possess a PRO-binding arm and an arm which binds a cytotoxic agent or a radionuclide chelator, such as EOTUBE, DPTA, DOTA, or TETA.
  • a cytotoxic agent or a radionuclide chelator such as EOTUBE, DPTA, DOTA, or TETA.
  • Another bispecific antibody of interest binds the PRO polypeptide and further binds tissue factor (TF).
  • Heteroconjugate antibodies are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • Heteroco ⁇ jugate antibodies are composed of two covalently joined antibodies. Such antibodies have, for example, been proposed to target immune system cells to unwanted cells [U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980], and for treatment of HIV infection [WO 91/00360; WO 92/200373; EP 03089].
  • the antibodies may be prepared in vitro using known methods in synthetic protein chemistry, including those involving crosslinking agents.
  • immunotoxins may be constmcted using a disulfide exchange reaction or by forming a thioether bond. Examples of suitable reagents for this purpose include iminothiolate and methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate and those disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980.
  • cysteine residue(s) may be introduced into the Fc region, thereby allowing interchain disulfide bond formation in this region.
  • the homodimeric antibody thus generated may have improved internalization capability and/or increased complement- mediated cell killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). See Caron et al. , J. Exp Med. , 176: 1191-1195 (1992) and Shopes, J. Immunol. , 148: 2918-2922 (1992).
  • Homodimeric antibodies with enhanced antitumor activity may also be prepared using heterobifunctional cross-linkers as described in Wolff et al. Cancer Research. 53: 2560-2565 (1993).
  • an antibody can be engineered that has dual Fc regions and may thereby have enhanced complement lysis and ADCC capabilities . See Stevenson et al , Anti-Cancer Drag Design. 3: 219-230 (1989).
  • the invention also pertains to immunoconjugates comprising an antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic agent such as a chemotherapeutic agent, toxin (e.g. , an enzymatically active toxin of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or a radioactive isotope (i.e., a radioconjugate).
  • a cytotoxic agent such as a chemotherapeutic agent, toxin (e.g. , an enzymatically active toxin of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or a radioactive isotope (i.e., a radioconjugate).
  • Enzymatically active toxins and fragments thereof that can be used include diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleuritesfordii proteins, dianfhin proteins, Phytolaca americanap ⁇ otems (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S), momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotrn, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin, and the tricothecenes.
  • radionuclides are available for the production of radioconjugated antibodies. Examples include 212 Bi, 131 I, 131 In, 90 Y, and 186 Re. Conjugates of the antibody and cytotoxic agent are made using a variety of bifunctional protein-coupling agents such as N-succinirnidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithiol) propionate (SPDP), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCL), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutareldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p-diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as tolyene 2,6-diisocyanate
  • a ricin immunotoxin can be prepared as described in Vitetta et al. , Science. 238: 1098 (1987).
  • Carbon-14-labeled l-isothiocyanatobenzyl-3- mefhyldiefhylene triaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) is an exemplary chelating agent for conjugation of radionucleotide to the antibody. See WO94/11026.
  • the antibody may be conjugated to a "receptor” (such streptavidin) for utilization in tumor pretargeting wherein the antibody-receptor conjugate is administered to the patient, followed by removal of unbound conjugate from the circulation using a clearing agent and then administration of a "ligand” (e.g., avidin) that is conjugated to a cytotoxic agent (e.g., a radionucleotide).
  • a "receptor” such streptavidin
  • a ligand e.g., avidin
  • cytotoxic agent e.g., a radionucleotide
  • Immunoliposomes The antibodies disclosed herein may also be formulated as immunoliposomes. Liposomes containing the antibody are prepared by methods known in the art, such as described in Epstein et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • Particularly useful liposomes can be generated by the reverse-phase evaporation method with a lipid composition comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-
  • Liposomes are extmded through filters of defined pore size to yield liposomes with the desired diameter.
  • Fab ' fragments of the antibody of the present invention can be conjugated to the liposomes as described in Martin et al ., J. Biol. Chem.. 257: 286-288 (1982) via a disulfide-interchange reaction.
  • a chemotherapeutic agent such as Doxorubicin
  • Antibodies specifically binding a PRO polypeptide identified herein, as well as other molecules identified by the screening assays disclosed hereinbefore, can be administered for the treatment of various disorders in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the PRO polypeptide is intracellular and whole antibodies are used as inhibitors, internalizing antibodies are preferred.
  • lipofections or liposomes can also be used to deliver the antibody, or an antibody fragment, into cells. Where antibody fragments are used, the smallest inhibitory fragment that specifically binds to the binding domain of the target protein is preferred.
  • peptide molecules can be designed that retain the ability to bind the target protein sequence. Such peptides can be synthesized chemically and/or produced by recombinant DNA technology. See, e.g., Marasco et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 7889-7893 (1993).
  • the formulation herein may also contain more than one active compound as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other.
  • the composition may comprise an agent that enhances its function, such as, for example, a cytotoxic agent, cytokine, chemotherapeutic agent, or growth-inhibitory agent.
  • cytotoxic agent such as, for example, a cytotoxic agent, cytokine, chemotherapeutic agent, or growth-inhibitory agent.
  • Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
  • the active ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymefhylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(mefhylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drag delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles, andnanocapsules) or inmacroemulsions.
  • colloidal drag delivery systems for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles, andnanocapsules
  • the formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
  • Sustained-release preparations may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyefhyl-mefhacrylate), orpoly(vinylalcohol)), polylactides (U.S.
  • anti-PRO antibodies of the invention have various utilities.
  • anti-PRO antibodies may be used in diagnostic assays for PRO, e.g., detecting its expression (and in some cases, differential expression) in specific cells, tissues, or serum.
  • diagnostic assay techniques known in the art may be used, such as competitive binding assays, direct or indirect sandwich assays and immunoprecipitation assays conducted in either heterogeneous or homogeneous phases [Zola, Monoclonal Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques. CRC Press, Inc. (1987) pp. 147-158].
  • the antibodies used in the diagnostic assays can be labeled with a detectable moiety.
  • the detectable moiety should be capable of producing, either directly or indirectly, a detectable signal.
  • the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope, such as 3 H, 14 C, 32 P, 35 S, or 125 I, a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin, or an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase.
  • a radioisotope such as 3 H, 14 C, 32 P, 35 S, or 125 I
  • a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin
  • an enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase.
  • Any method known in the art for conjugating the antibody to the detectable moiety may be employed, including those methods described by Hunter et al. , Nature. 144:945 (1962); David e
  • Anti-PRO antibodies also are useful for the affinity purification of PRO from recombinant cell culture or natural sources.
  • the antibodies against PRO are immobilized on a suitable support, such a Sephadex resin or filter paper, using methods well known in the art.
  • the immobilized antibody then is contacted with a sample containing the PRO to be purified, and thereafter the support is washed with a suitable solvent that will remove substantially all the material in the sample except the PRO, which is bound to the immobilized antibody. Finally, the support is washed with another suitable solvent that will release the PRO from the antibody.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Extracellular Domain Homology Screening to Identify Novel Polypeptides and cDNA Encoding Therefor
  • the extracellular domain (ECD) sequences (including the secretion signal sequence, if any) from about 950 known secreted proteins from the Swiss-Prot public database were used to search EST databases.
  • the EST databases included public databases (e.g., Dayhoff, GenBank), and proprietary databases (e.g. LIFESEQTM,
  • consensus DNA sequences were assembled relative to the other identified EST sequences using phrap.
  • consensus DNA sequences obtained were often (but not always) extended using repeated cycles of BLAST or BLAST-2 and phrap to extend the consensus sequence as far as possible using the sources of EST sequences discussed above.
  • oligonucleotides were then synthesized and used to identify by PCR a cDNA library that contained the sequence of interest and for use as probes to isolate a clone of the full-length coding sequence for a PRO polypeptide.
  • Forward and reverse PCR primers generally range from 20 to 30 nucleotides and are often designed to give a PCR product of about 100-1000 bp in length.
  • the probe sequences are typically 40-55 bp in length.
  • additional oligonucleotides are synthesized when the consensus sequence is greater than about 1-1.5kbp.
  • DNA from the libraries was screened by PCR amplification, as per Ausubel et al. , Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, with the PCR primer pair. A positive library was then used to isolate clones encoding the gene of interest using the probe oligonucleotide and one of the primer pairs.
  • the cDNA libraries used to isolate the cDNA clones were constructed by standard methods using commercially available reagents such as those from Invitrogen, San Diego, CA.
  • the cDNA was primed with oligo dT containing a Notl site, linked with blunt to Sail hemikinased adaptors, cleaved with Notl, sized appropriately by gel electrophoresis, and cloned in a defined orientation into a suitable cloning vector (such as pRKB or pRKD; pRK5B is a precursor of pRK5D that does not contain the Sfil site; see, Holmes et al. , Science, 253:1278-1280 (1991)) in the unique Xhol and Notl sites.
  • a suitable cloning vector such as pRKB or pRKD; pRK5B is a precursor of pRK5D that does not contain the Sfil site; see, Holmes et al.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Isolation of cDNA clones by Amylase Screening 1. Preparation of oligo dT primed cDNA library mRNA was isolated from a human tissue of interest using reagents and protocols from Invitrogen, San
  • RNA was used to generate an oligo dT primed cDNA library in the vector pRK5D using reagents and protocols from Life Technologies, Gaifhersburg, MD (Super Script Plasmid System).
  • pRK5D is a cloning vector that has an sp6 transcription initiation site followed by an Sfil restriction enzyme site preceding the Xhol/Notl cDNA cloning sites.
  • a secondary cDNA library was generated in order to preferentially represent the 5' ends of the primary cDNA clones.
  • Sp6 RNA was generated from the primary library (described above), and this RNA was used to generate a random primed cDNA library in the vector pSST-AMY.O using reagents and protocols from Life
  • pSST-AMY.O is a cloning vector that has a yeast alcohol dehydrogenase promoter preceding the cDNA cloning sites and the mouse amylase sequence (the mature sequence without the secretion signal) followed by the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase terminator, after the cloning sites.
  • DNA from the library described in paragraph 2 above was chilled on ice to which was added electrocompetent DH10B bacteria (Life Technologies, 20 ml). The bacteria and vector mixture was then electroporated as recommended by the manufacturer. Subsequently, SOC media (Life Technologies, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. The transformants were then plated onto 20 standard 150 mm LB plates containing ampicillin and incubated for 16 hours (37°C). Positive colonies were scraped off the plates and the DNA was isolated from the bacterial pellet using standard protocols, e.g. CsCl- gradient. The purified DNA was then carried on to the yeast protocols below.
  • the yeast methods were divided into three categories: (1) Transformation of yeast with the plasmid/cDNA combined vector; (2) Detection and isolation of yeast clones secreting amylase; and (3) PCR amplification of the insert directly from the yeast colony and purification of the DNA for sequencing and further analysis.
  • yeast strain used was HD56-5A (ATCC-90785). This strain has the following genotype: MAT alpha, ura3-52, leu2-3, leu2-112, his3-ll, his3-15, MAL + , SUC + , GAL + .
  • yeast mutants can be employed that have deficient post-translational pathways. Such mutants may have translocation deficient alleles iasecll, secll, sec62, with truncated seel I being most preferred.
  • antagonists including antisense nucleotides and/or ligands which interfere with the normal operation of these genes, other proteins implicated in this post translation pathway (e.g. , SEC61p, SEC72p, SEC62p, SEC63p, TDJlp or SSAlp-4p) or the complex formation of these proteins may also be preferably employed in combination with the amylase-expressing yeast.
  • the cells were then harvested and prepared for transformation by transfer into GS3 rotor bottles in a Sorval GS3 rotor at 5,000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant discarded, and then resuspended into sterile water, and centrifuged again in 50 ml falcon tubes at 3,500 rpm in a Beckman GS-6KR centrifuge. The supernatant was discarded and the cells were subsequently washed with LiAc/TE (10 ml, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5, 100 mM Li 2 OOCCH 3 ), and resuspended into LiAc/TE (2.5 ml).
  • LiAc/TE 10 ml, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5, 100 mM Li 2 OOCCH 3
  • Transformation took place by mixing the prepared cells (100 ⁇ l) with freshly denatured single stranded salmon testes DNA (Lofstrand Labs, Gaithersburg, MD) and transforming DNA (1 ⁇ g, vol. ⁇ 10 ul) in microfuge tubes. The mixture was mixed briefly by vortexing, then 40% PEG/TE (600 ⁇ l, 40% polyethylene glycol-4000, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM Li 2 OOCCH 3 , pH 7.5) was added. This mixture was gently mixed and incubated at 30°C while agitating for 30 minutes.
  • PEG/TE 600 ⁇ l, 40% polyethylene glycol-4000, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM Li 2 OOCCH 3 , pH 7.5
  • the cells were then heat shocked at 42°C for 15 minutes, and the reaction vessel centrifuged in a microfuge at 12,000 rpm for 5-10 seconds, decanted and resuspended into TE (500 ⁇ l, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5) followed by recentrifugation. The cells were then diluted into TE (1 ml) and aliquots (200 ⁇ l) were spread onto the selective media previously prepared in 150 mm growth plates (VWR).
  • TE 500 ⁇ l, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5
  • the transformation was performed using a single, large scale reaction, wherein reagent amounts were scaled up accordingly.
  • the selective media used was a synthetic complete dextrose agar lacking uracil (SCD-Ura) prepared as described in Kaiser et al, Methods in Yeast Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, p. 208-210 (1994). Transformants were grown at 30°C for 2-3 days.
  • the detection of colonies secreting amylase was performed by including red starch in the selective growth media.
  • Starch was coupled to the red dye (Reactive Red-120, Sigma) as per the procedure described by Biely et al. , Anal. Biochem. , 172: 176-179 (1988).
  • the coupled starch was incorporated into the SCD-Ura agar plates at a final concentration of 0.15 % (w/v), and was buffered with potassium phosphate to a pH of 7.0 (50-100 mM final concentration).
  • the positive colonies were picked and streaked across fresh selective media (onto 150 mm plates) in order to obtain well isolated and identifiable single colonies.
  • Well isolated single colonies positive for amylase secretion were detected by direct incorporation of red starch into buffered SCD-Ura agar. Positive colonies were determined by their ability to break down starch resulting in a clear halo around the positive colony visualized directly.
  • PCR was then performed as follows: a. Denature 92°C, 5 minutes b. 3 cycles of: Denature 92°C, 30 seconds
  • Anneal 57°C, 30 seconds Extend 72°C, 60 seconds d. 25 cycles of: Denature 92°C, 30 seconds
  • the underlined regions of the oligonucleotides annealed to the ADH promoter region and the amylase region, respectively, and amplified a 307 bp region from vector pSST-AMY.O when no insert was present.
  • the first 18 nucleotides of the 5' end of these oligonucleotides contained annealing sites for the sequencing primers.
  • the total product of the PCR reaction from an empty vector was 343 bp.
  • signal sequence-fused cDNA resulted in considerably longer nucleotide sequences.
  • polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences were identified by applying a proprietary signal sequence finding algorithm developed by Genentech, Inc. (South San Francisco, CA) upon ESTs as well as clustered and assembled EST fragments from public (e.g., GenBank) and/or private (LIFESEQ ® , Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) databases.
  • the signal sequence algorithm computes a secretion signal score based on the character of the DNA nucleotides surrounding the first and optionally the second methionine codon(s) (ATG) at the 5 '-end of the sequence or sequence fragment under consideration.
  • the nucleotides following the first ATG must code for at least 35 unambiguous amino acids without any stop codons.
  • the second is not examined. If neither meets the requirement, the candidate sequence is not scored.
  • the DNA and corresponding amino acid sequences surrounding the ATG codon are scored using a set of seven sensors (evaluation parameters) known to be associated with secretion signals. Use of this algorithm resulted in the identification of numerous polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Isolation of cDNA clones Encoding Human PRO6004. PRQ5723. PRQ3444. and PRO9940
  • PRO840, PR01338, PRO6004, PR05723, PR03444, and PRO9940 polypeptides shown in the accompanying figures were obtained through GenBank.
  • the following method describes use of a nucleotide sequence encoding PRO as a hybridization probe.
  • DNA comprising the coding sequence of full-length or mature PRO as disclosed herein is employed as a probe to screen for homologous DNAs (such as those encoding naturally-occurring variants of PRO) in human tissue cDNA libraries or human tissue genomic libraries.
  • Hybridization and washing of filters containing either library DNAs is performed under the following high stringency conditions.
  • Hybridization of radiolabeled PRO-derived probe to the filters is performed in a solution of 50% formamide, 5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, 2x Denhardt's solution, and 10% dextran sulfate at 42°C for 20 hours.
  • Washing of the filters is performed in an aqueous solution of 0. lx SSC and 0.1 % SDS at 42°C.
  • DNAs having a desired sequence identity with the DNA encoding full-length native sequence PRO can then be identified using standard techniques known in the art.
  • EXAMPLE 7 Expression of PRO in E. coli
  • This example illustrates preparation of an unglycosylated form of PRO by recombinant expression in E. coli.
  • the DNA sequence encoding PRO is initially amplified using selected PCR primers.
  • the primers should contain restriction enzyme sites which correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the selected expression vector.
  • a variety of expression vectors may be employed.
  • An example of a suitable vector is pBR322 (derived from E. coli; see Bolivar et al., Gene. 2:95 (1977)) which contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance.
  • the vector is digested with restriction enzyme and dephosphorylated.
  • the PCR amplified sequences are then ligated into the vector.
  • the vector will preferably include sequences wliich encode for an antibiotic resistance gene, a trp promoter, a polyhis leader (including the first six STII codons, polyhis sequence, and enterokinase cleavage site), the PRO coding region, lambda transcriptional terminator, and an argU gene.
  • the ligation mixture is then used to transform a selected E. coli strain using the methods described in Sambrook et al. , supra. Transformants are identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and antibiotic resistant colonies are then selected. Plasmid DNA can be isolated and confirmed by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing.
  • Selected clones can be grown overnight in liquid culture medium such as LB broth supplemented with antibiotics.
  • the overnight culture may subsequently be used to inoculate a larger scale culture.
  • the cells are then grown to a desired optical density, during which the expression promoter is turned on. After culturing the cells for several more hours, the cells can be harvested by centrifugation.
  • the cell pellet obtained by the centrifugation can be solubilized using various agents known in the art, and the solubilized PRO protein can then be purified using a metal chelating column under conditions that allow tight binding of the protein.
  • PRO may be expressed in E. coli in a poly-His tagged form, using the following procedure.
  • the DNA encoding PRO is initially amplified using selected PCR primers .
  • the primers will contain restriction enzyme sites which correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the selected expression vector, and other useful sequences providing for efficient and reliable translation initiation, rapid purification on a metal chelation column, and proteolytic removal ith enterokinase.
  • the PCR-amplified, poly-His tagged sequences are then ligated into an expression vector, which is used to transform an E. coli host based on strain 52 (W3110 fuhA(tonA) Ion galE rpoHts(htpRts) clpP(lacIq) .
  • Transformants are first grown in LB containing 50 mg/ml carbenicillin at 30° C with shaking until an O.D.600 of 3-5 is reached. Cultures are then diluted 50-100 fold into CRAP media (prepared by mixing 3.57 g (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 0.71 g sodium citrate»2H20, 1.07 g KC1, 5.36 g Difco yeast extract, 5.36 g Sheffield hycase SF in 500 mL water, as well as 110 mM MPOS, pH 7.3, 0.55% (w/v) glucose and 7 mM MgS0 4 ) and grown for approximately 20-30 hours at 30 °C with shaking. Samples are removed to verify expression by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the bulk culture is centrifuged to pellet the cells. Cell pellets are frozen until purification and refolding.
  • CRAP media prepared by mixing 3.57 g (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 0.71 g sodium citrate»2H20, 1.07 g KC
  • E. coli paste from 0.5 to 1 L fermentations (6-10 g pellets) is resuspended in 10 volumes (w/v) in 7 M guanidine, 20 mM Tris, pH 8 buffer.
  • Solid sodium sulfite and sodium tetrathionate is added to make final concentrations of 0.1M and 0.02 M, respectively, and the solution is stirred overnight at 4°C. This step results in a denatured protein with all cysteine residues blocked by sulfitolization.
  • the solution is centrifuged at 40,000 rpm in a Beckman Ultracentifuge for 30 min.
  • the supernatant is diluted with 3-5 volumes of metal chelate column buffer (6 M guanidine, 20 mM Tris, pH 7.4) and filtered through 0.22 micron filters to clarify.
  • the clarified extract is loaded onto a 5 ml Qiagen Ni-NTA metal chelate column equilibrated in the metal chelate column buffer.
  • the column is washed with additional buffer containing 50 mM imidazole (Calbiochem, Utrol grade), pH 7.4.
  • the protein is eluted with buffer containing 250 mM imidazole. Fractions containing the desired protein are pooled and stored at 4°C. Protein concentration is estimated by its absorbance at 280 nm using the calculated extinction coefficient based on its amino acid sequence.
  • the proteins are refolded by diluting the sample slowly into freshly prepared refolding buffer consisting of: 20 mM Tris, pH 8.6, 0.3 M NaCl, 2.5 M urea, 5 mM cysteine, 20 mM glycine and 1 mM EDTA. Refolding volumes are chosen so that the final protein concentration is between 50 to 100 micrograms/ml.
  • the refolding solution is stirred gently at 4°C for 12-36 hours.
  • the refolding reaction is quenched by the addition of TFA to a final concentration of 0.4% (pH of approximately 3).
  • the solution is filtered through a 0.22 micron filter and acetonitrile is added to 2-10% final concentration.
  • the refolded protein is chromatographed on a Poros Rl/H reversed phase column using a mobile buffer of 0.1% TFA with elution with a gradient of acetonitrile from 10 to 80% . Aliquots of fractions with A280 absorbance are analyzed on SDS polyacrylamide gels and fractions containing homogeneous refolded protein are pooled. Generally, the properly refolded species of most proteins are eluted at the lowest concentrations of acetonitrile since those species are the most compact with their hydrophobic interiors shielded from interaction with the reversed phase resin. Aggregated species are usually eluted at higher acetonitrile concentrations. In addition to resolving misfolded forms of proteins from the desired form, the reversed phase step also removes endotoxin from the samples.
  • Fractions containing the desired folded PRO polypeptide are pooled and the acetonitrile removed using a gentle stream of nitrogen directed at the solution. Proteins are formulated into 20 mM Hepes, pH 6.8 with 0.14 M sodium chloride and 4% mannitol by dialysis or by gel filtration using G25 Superfine (Pharmacia) resins equilibrated in the formulation buffer and sterile filtered.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Expression of PRO in mammalian cells This example illustrates preparation of a potentially glycosylated form of PRO by recombinant expression in mammalian cells.
  • the vector, pRK5 (see EP 307,247, published March 15, 1989), is employed as the expression vector.
  • the PRO DNA is ligated into pRK5 with selected restriction enzymes to allow insertion of the PRO DNA using ligation methods such as described in Sambrook et al. , supra.
  • the resulting vector is called pRK5- PRO.
  • the selected host cells may be 293 cells.
  • Human 293 cells (ATCC CCL 1573) are grown to confluence in tissue culture plates in medium such as DMEM supplemented with fetal calf serum and optionally, nutrient components and/or antibiotics.
  • About 10 ⁇ g pRK5-PRO DNA is mixed with about 1 ⁇ g DNA encoding the VA RNA gene [Thimmappaya et al., Cell, 3L543 (1982)] and dissolved in 500 ul of 1 mM Tris- HCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.227 M CaCl 2 .
  • the culture medium is removed and replaced with culture medium (alone) or culture medium containing 200 ⁇ Ci/ml 35 S-cysteine and 200 ⁇ Ci/ml 35 S-mefhionine.
  • culture medium alone
  • culture medium containing 200 ⁇ Ci/ml 35 S-cysteine and 200 ⁇ Ci/ml 35 S-mefhionine After a 12 hour incubation, the conditioned medium is collected, concentrated on a spin filter, and loaded onto a 15 % SDS gel. The processed gel may be dried and exposed to film for a selected period of time to reveal the presence of PRO polypeptide.
  • the cultures containing transfected cells may undergo further incubation (in serum free medium) and the medium is tested in selected bioassays.
  • PRO may be introduced into 293 cells transiently using the dextran sulfate method described by Somparyrac et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci..12:7575 (1981). 293 cells are grown to maximal density in a spinner flask and 700 ⁇ g pRK5-PRO DNA is added. The cells are first concentrated from the spinner flask by centrifugation and washed with PBS. The DNA-dextran precipitate is incubated on the cell pellet for four hours.
  • the cells are treated with 20% glycerol for 90 seconds, washed with tissue culture medium, and re- introduced into the spinner flask containing tissue culture medium, 5 ⁇ g/ml bovine insulin and 0.1 ⁇ g/ml bovine transferrin. After about four days, the conditioned media is centrifuged and filtered to remove cells and debris. The sample containing expressed PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method, such as dialysis and/or column chromatography.
  • PRO in another embodiment, can be expressed in CHO cells.
  • the pRK5-PRO can be transfected into CHO cells using known reagents such as CaP0 4 or DEAE-dextran.
  • the cell cultures can be incubated, and the medium replaced with culture medium (alone) or medium containing a radiolabel such as 35 S- methionine.
  • the culture medium may be replaced with serum free medium.
  • the cultures are incubated for about 6 days, and then the conditioned medium is harvested.
  • the medium containing the expressed PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method.
  • Epitope-tagged PRO may also be expressed in host CHO cells.
  • the PRO may be subcloned out of the pRK5 vector.
  • the subclone insert can undergo PCR to fuse in frame with a selected epitope tag such as a poly-his tag into a Baculoviras expression vector.
  • the poly-his tagged PRO insert can then be subcloned into a SV40 driven vector containing a selection marker such as DHFR for selection of stable clones.
  • the CHO cells can be transfected (as described above) with the SV40 driven vector. Labeling may be performed, as described above, to verify expression.
  • the culture medium containing the expressed poly-His tagged PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method, such as by Ni 2+ -chelate affinity chromatography.
  • PRO may also be expressed in CHO and/or COS cells by a transient expression procedure or in CHO cells by another stable expression procedure. Stable expression in CHO cells is performed using the following procedure.
  • the proteins are expressed as an IgG construct (immunoadhesin), in which the coding sequences for the soluble forms (e.g. extracellular domains) of the respective proteins are fused to an IgGl constant region sequence containing the hinge, CH2 and CH2 domains and/or is a poly-His tagged form.
  • CHO expression vectors are constructed to have compatible restriction sites 5' and 3' of the DNA of interest to allow the convenient shuttling of cDNA's.
  • the vector used expression in CHO cells is as described in Lucas et al. , Nucl. Acids Res. 24:9 (1774-1779 (1996), and uses the SV40 early promoter/enhancer to drive expression of the cDNA of interest and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
  • DHFR expression permits selection for stable maintenance of the plasmid following transfection.
  • Twelve micrograms of the desired plasmid DNA is introduced into approximately 10 million CHO cells using commercially available transfection reagents Superfect ® (Qiagen), Dosper ® or Fugene" (Boehringer Mannheim). The cells are grown as described in Lucas et al., supra. Approximately 3 x 10 7 cells are frozen in an ampule for further growth and production as described below. - ⁇ The ampules containing the plasmid DNA are thawed by placement into water bath and mixed by vortexing. The contents are pipetted into a centrifuge tube containing 10 mLs of media and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes.
  • the supernatant is aspirated and the cells are resuspended in 10 mL of selective media (0.2 ⁇ m filtered PS20 with 5% 0.2. ⁇ m diafiltered fetal bovine serum).
  • the cells are then aliquoted into a 100 mL spinner containing 90 mL of selective media. After 1-2 days, the cells are transferred into a 250 mL spinner filled with 150 mL selective growth medium and incubated at 37°C. After another 2-3 days, 250 mL, 500 L and 2000 mL spinners are seeded with 3 x 10 5 cells/mL.
  • the cell media is exchanged with fresh media by centrifugation and resuspension in production medium.
  • a 3L production spinner is seeded at 1.2 x 10 s cells/mL. On day 0, the cell number pH ie determined. On day 1, the spinner is sampled and sparging with filtered air is commenced. On day 2, the spinner is sampled, the temperature shifted to 33°C, and 30 mL of 500 g/L glucose and 0.6 mL of 10% antifoam (e.g., 35% polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Dow Corning 365 Medical Grade Emulsion) taken. Throughout the production, the pH is adjusted as necessary to keep it at around 7.2. After 10 days, or until the viability dropped below 70%, the cell culture is harvested by centrifugation and filtering through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter. The filtrate was either stored at 4°C or immediately loaded onto columns for purification.
  • 10% antifoam e.g., 35% polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Dow Corning 365 Medical Grade Emulsion
  • the proteins are purified using a Ni-NTA column (Qiagen). Before purification, imidazole is added to the conditioned media to a concentration of 5 mM. The conditioned media is pumped onto a 6 ml Ni-NTA column equilibrated in 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, buffer containing 0.3 M NaCl and 5 mM imidazole at a flow rate of 4-5 ml/min. at 4°C. After loading, the column is washed with additional equilibration buffer and the protein eluted with equilibration buffer containing 0.25 M imidazole.
  • the highly purified protein is subsequently desalted into a storage buffer containing 10 mM Hepes, 0.14 M NaCl and 4% mannitol, pH 6.8, with a 25 ml G25 Superfine (Pharmacia) column and stored at -80°C.
  • Immunoadhesin (Fc-containing) constracts are purified from the conditioned media as follows.
  • the conditioned medium is pumped onto a 5 ml Protein A column (Pharmacia) which had been equilibrated in 20 mM Na phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. After loading, the column is washed extensively with equilibration buffer before elution with 100 mM citric acid, pH 3.5.
  • the eluted protein is immediately neutralized by collecting 1 ml fractions into tubes containing 275 ⁇ L of 1 M Tris buffer, pH 9.
  • the highly purified protein is subsequently desalted into storage buffer as described above for the poly-His tagged proteins.
  • the homogeneity is assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gels and by N-terminal amino acid sequencing by Edman degradation.
  • EXAMPLE 9 Expression of PRO in Yeast The following method describes recombinant expression of PRO in yeast.
  • yeast expression vectors are constructed for intracellular production or secretion of PRO from the ADH2/GAPDH promoter.
  • DNA encoding PRO and the promoter is inserted into suitable restriction enzyme sites in the selected plasmid to direct intracellular expression of PRO.
  • DNA encoding PRO can be cloned into the selected plasmid, together with DNA encoding the ADH2/GAPDH promoter, a native PRO signal peptide or other mammalian signal peptide, or, for example, a yeast alpha-factor or invertase secretory signal/leader sequence, and linker sequences (if needed) for expression of PRO.
  • Yeast cells such as yeast strain ABI 10
  • yeast cells can then be transformed with the expression plasmids described above and cultured in selected fermentation media.
  • the transformed yeast supernatants can be analyzed by precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid and separation by SDS-PAGE, followed by staining of the gels with Coomassie Blue stain.
  • Recombinant PRO can subsequently be isolated and purified by removing the yeast cells from the fermentation medium by centrifugation and then concentrating the medium using selected cartridge filters.
  • the concentrate containing PRO may further be purified using selected column chromatography resins.
  • the following method describes recombinant expression of PRO in Baculovirus-infected insect cells.
  • sequence coding for PRO is fused upstream of an epitope tag contained within a baculoviras expression vector.
  • epitope tags include poly-his tags and immunoglobulin tags (like Fc regions of IgG).
  • plasmids may be employed, including plasmids derived from commercially available plasmids such as pVL1393 (Novagen). Briefly, the sequence encoding PRO or the desired portion of the coding sequence of
  • PRO such as the sequence encoding the extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein or the sequence encoding the mature protein if the protein is extracellular is amplified by PCR with primers complementary to the 5' and 3' regions.
  • the 5' primer may incorporate flanking (selected) restriction enzyme sites.
  • the product is then digested with those selected restriction enzymes and subcloned into the expression vector.
  • Recombinant baculoviras is generated by co-transfecting the above plasmid and BaculoGoldTM vims DNA
  • Expressed poly-his tagged PRO can then be purified, for example, by Ni 2+ -chelate affinity chromatography as follows. Extracts are prepared from recombinant vims-infected Sf9 cells as described by Rupert et al., Nature, 362:175-179 (1993). Briefly, Sf9 cells are washed, resuspended in sonication buffer (25 mL Hepes, pH 7.9; 12.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 0.1 mM EDTA; 10% glycerol; 0.1% NP-40; 0.4 M KC1), and sonicated twice for 20 seconds on ice.
  • sonication buffer 25 mL Hepes, pH 7.9; 12.5 mM MgCl 2 ; 0.1 mM EDTA; 10% glycerol; 0.1% NP-40; 0.4 M KC1
  • the sonicates are cleared by centrifugation, and the supernatant is diluted 50-fold in loading buffer (50 mM phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 7.8) and filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ filter.
  • loading buffer 50 mM phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 7.8
  • a Ni 2+ -NTA agarose column (commercially available from Qiagen) is prepared with a bed volume of 5 mL, washed with 25 mL of water and equilibrated with 25 mL of loading buffer.
  • the filtered cell extract is loaded onto the column at 0.5 mL per minute.
  • the column is washed to baseline A 280 with loading buffer, at which point fraction collection is started.
  • the column is washed with a secondary wash buffer (50 mM phosphate; 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 6.0), which elutes nonspecifically bound protein.
  • a secondary wash buffer 50 mM phosphate; 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 6.0
  • the column is developed with a 0 to 500 mM Imidazole gradient in the secondary wash buffer.
  • One mL fractions are collected and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining or Western blot with Ni 2+ -NTA-conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen). Fractions containing the eluted His 10 -tagged PRO are pooled and dialyzed against loading buffer.
  • purification of the IgG tagged (or Fc tagged) PRO can be performed using known chromatography techniques, including for instance, Protein A or protein G column chromatography. Many of the PRO polypeptides disclosed herein were successfully expressed as described above.
  • This example illustrates preparation of monoclonal antibodies which can specifically bind PRO.
  • Immunogens that may be employed include purified PRO, fusion proteins containing PRO, and cells expressing recombinant PRO on the cell surface. Selection of the immunogen can be made by the skilled artisan without undue experimentation.
  • mice such as Balb/c are immunized with the PRO immunogen emulsified in complete Freund' s adjuvant and injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in an amount from 1-100 micrograms.
  • the immunogen is emulsified in MPL-TDM adjuvant (Ribi Immunochemical Research, Hamilton, MT) and injected into the animal's hind foot pads.
  • MPL-TDM adjuvant Ribi Immunochemical Research, Hamilton, MT
  • the immunized mice are then boosted 10 to 12 days later with additional immunogen emulsified in the selected adjuvant. Thereafter, for several weeks, the mice may also be boosted with additional immunization injections. Serum samples may be periodically obtained from the mice by retro-orbital bleeding for testing in ELISA assays to detect anti-PRO antibodies.
  • the animals "positive" for antibodies can be injected with a final intravenous injection of PRO.
  • the mice Three to four days later, the mice are sacrificed and the spleen cells are harvested.
  • the spleen cells are then fused (using 35 % polyethylene glycol) to a selected murine myeloma cell line such as P3X63AgU.l, available from ATCC, No. CRL 1597.
  • the fusions generate hybridoma cells which can then be plated in 96 well tissue culture plates containing HAT (hypoxanfhine, aminopterin, and thymidine) medium to inhibit proliferation of non-fused cells, myeloma hybrids, and spleen cell hybrids.
  • HAT hyperxanfhine, aminopterin, and thymidine
  • the hybridoma cells will be screened in an ELISA for reactivity against PRO. Determination of "positive" hybridoma cells secreting the desired monoclonal antibodies against PRO is within the skill in the art.
  • the positive hybridoma cells can be injected intraperitoneally into syngeneic Balb/c mice to produce ascites containing the anti-PRO monoclonal antibodies.
  • the hybridoma cells can be grown in tissue culture flasks or roller bottles. Purification of the monoclonal antibodies produced in the ascites can be accomplished using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel exclusion chromatography. Alternatively, affinity chromatography based upon binding of antibody to protein A or protein G can be employed.
  • Native or recombinant PRO polypeptides may be purified by a variety of standard techniques in the art of protein purification. For example, pro-PRO polypeptide, mature PRO polypeptide, or pre-PRO polypeptide is purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using antibodies specific for the PRO polypeptide of interest. In general, an immunoaffinity column is constructed by covalently coupling the anti-PRO polypeptide antibody to an activated chromatographic resin.
  • Polyclonal immunoglobulins are prepared from immune sera either by precipitation with ammonium sulfate or by purification on immobilized Protein A (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, N.J.). Likewise, monoclonal antibodies are prepared from mouse ascites fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation or chromatography on immobilized Protein A. Partially purified immunoglobulin is covalently attached to a chromatographic resin such as CnBr-activated SEPHAROSETM (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology). The antibody is coupled to the resin, the resin is blocked, and the derivative resin is washed according to the manufacturer's instractions.
  • a chromatographic resin such as CnBr-activated SEPHAROSETM (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology). The antibody is coupled to the resin, the resin is blocked, and the derivative resin is washed according to the manufacturer's instractions.
  • Such an immunoaffinity column is utilized in the purification of PRO polypeptide by preparing a fraction from cells containing PRO polypeptide in a soluble form. This preparation is derived by solubilization of the whole cell or of a subcellular fraction obtained via differential centrifugation by the addition of detergent or by other methods well known in the art. Alternatively, soluble PRO polypeptide containing a signal sequence may be secreted in useful quantity into the medium in which the cells are grown.
  • a soluble PRO polypeptide-containing preparation is passed over the immunoaffinity column, and the column is washed under conditions that allow the preferential absorbance of PRO polypeptide (e.g. , high ionic strength buffers in the presence of detergent). Then, the column is eluted under conditions that disrupt antibody/PRO polypeptide binding (e.g. , a low pH buffer such as approximately pH 2-3, or a high concentration of a chaotrope such as urea or fhiocyanate ion), and PRO polypeptide is collected.
  • a low pH buffer such as approximately pH 2-3
  • a chaotrope such as urea or fhiocyanate ion
  • This invention is particularly useful for screening compounds by using PRO polypeptides or binding fragment thereof in any of a variety of drag screening techniques.
  • the PRO polypeptide or fragment employed in such a test may either be free in solution, affixed to a solid support, borne on a cell surface, or located intracellularly.
  • One method of drag screening utilizes eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells which are stably transformed with recombinant nucleic acids expressing the PRO polypeptide or fragment. Drags are screened against such transformed cells in competitive binding assays. Such cells, either in viable or fixed fo ⁇ n, can be used for standard binding assays. One may measure, for example, the formation of complexes between PRO polypeptide or a fragment and the agent being tested. Alternatively, one can examine the diminution in complex formation between the PRO polypeptide and its target cell or target receptors caused by the agent being tested.
  • the present invention provides methods of screening for drugs or any other agents which can affect a PRO polypeptide-associated disease or disorder. These methods comprise contacting such an agent with an PRO polypeptide or fragment thereof and assaying (I) for the presence of a complex between the agent and the PRO polypeptide or fragment, or (ii) for the presence of a complex between the PRO polypeptide or fragment and the cell, by methods well known in the art.
  • the PRO polypeptide or fragment is typically labeled. After suitable incubation, free PRO polypeptide or fragment is separated from that present in bound form, and the amount of free or uncomplexed label is a measure of the ability of the particular agent to bind to PRO polypeptide or to interfere with the PRO polypeptide/cell complex.
  • Another technique for drag screening provides high throughput screening for compounds having suitable binding affinity to a polypeptide and is described in detail in WO 84/03564, published on September 13, 1984. Briefly ' stated, large numbers of different small peptide test compounds are synthesized on a solid substrate, such as plastic pins or some other surface. As applied to a PRO polypeptide, the peptide test compounds are reacted with PRO polypeptide and washed. Bound PRO polypeptide is detected by methods well known in the art. Purified PRO polypeptide can also be coated directly onto plates for use in the aforementioned drag screening techniques. In addition, non-neutralizing antibodies can be used to capture the peptide and immobilize it on the solid support.
  • This invention also contemplates the use of competitive drag screening assays in which neutralizing antibodies capable of binding PRO polypeptide specifically compete with a test compound for binding to PRO polypeptide or fragments thereof. In this manner, the antibodies can be used to detect the presence of any peptide which shares one or more antigenic determinants with PRO polypeptide.
  • the goal of rational drug design is to produce structural analogs of biologically active polypeptide of interest (i.e. , a PRO polypeptide) or of small molecules with which they interact, e.g. , agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors. Any of these examples can be used to fashion drags which are more active or stable forms of the PRO polypeptide or which enhance or interfere with the function of the PRO polypeptide in vivo (c.f., Hodgson, Bio/Technology. 9: 19-21 (1991)).
  • the three-dimensional stracture of the PRO polypeptide, or of an PRO polypeptide-inhibitor complex is determined by x-ray crystallography, by computer modeling or, most typically, by a combination of the two approaches. Both the shape and charges of the PRO polypeptide must be ascertained to elucidate the structure and to determine active site(s) of the molecule. Less often, useful information regarding the structure of the PRO polypeptide may be gained by modeling based on the stmcture of homologous proteins . In both cases, relevant stractural information is used to design analogous PRO polypeptide-like molecules or to identify efficient inhibitors. Useful examples of rational drag design may include molecules which have improved activity or stability as shown by Braxton and Wells, Biochemistry.
  • PRO polypeptide may be made available to perform such analytical studies as X-ray crystallography.
  • knowledge of the PRO polypeptide amino acid sequence provided herein will provide guidance to those employing computer modeling techniques in place of or in addition to x-ray crystallography.
  • This assay shows that certain polypeptides of the invention act to induce the expression of c-fos in pericyte cells and, therefore, are useful not only as diagnostic markers for particular types of pericyte-associated tumors but also for giving rise to antagonists which would be expected to be useful for the therapeutic treatment of pericyte-associated tumors.
  • Induction of c-fos expression in pericytes is also indicative of the induction of angiogenesis and, as such, PRO polypeptides capable of inducing the expression of c-fos would be expected to be useful for the treatment of conditions where induced angiogenesis would be beneficial including, for example, wound healing, and the like.
  • pericytes are received from VEC Technologies and all but 5 ml of media is removed from flask.
  • the pericytes are trypsinized, washed, spun and then plated onto 96 well plates.
  • Replicates are averaged and SD/CV are determined.
  • Fold increase over Protein 32 (buffer control) value indicated by chemiluminescence units (RLU) luminometer reading verses frequency is plotted on a histogram. Two-fold above Protein 32 value is considered positive for the assay.
  • Assay Media low glucose DMEM +5% FBS.
  • This assay shows that certain polypeptides of the invention act to induce redifferentiation of chondrocytes, therefore, are expected to be useful for the treatment of various bone and/or cartilage disorders such as, for example, sports injuries and arthritis.
  • the assay is performed as follows. Porcine chondrocytes are isolated by overnight collagenase digestion of articulary cartilage of metacarpophalangeal joints of 4-6 month old female pigs . The isolated cells are then seeded at 25,000 cells/cm 2 in Ham F-12 containing 10% FBS and 4 ⁇ g/ml gentamycin.
  • the culture media is changed every third day and the cells are then seeded in 96 well plates at 5,000 cells/well in lOO ⁇ l of the same media without serum and 100 ⁇ l of the test PRO polypeptide, 5 nM staurosporin (positive control) or medium alone (negative control) is added to give a final volume of 200 ⁇ l/well. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, a picture of each well is taken and the differentiation state of the chondrocytes is determined. A positive result in the assay occurs when the redifferentiation of the chondrocytes is determined to be more similar to the positive control than the negative control.
  • EXAMPLE 17 Identification of PRO Polypeptides That Stimulate TNF- ⁇ Release In Human Blood (Assay 128) This assay shows that certain PRO polypeptides of the present invention act to stimulate the release of
  • TNF- ⁇ in human blood in human blood.
  • PRO polypeptides testing positive in this assay are useful for, among other things, research purposes where stimulation of the release of TNF- ⁇ would be desired and for the therapeutic treatment of conditions wherein enhanced TNF- ⁇ release would be beneficial.
  • 200 ⁇ l of human blood supplemented with 50mM Hepes buffer (pH 7.2) is aliquoted per well in a 96 well test plate.
  • To each well is then added 300 ⁇ l of either the test PRO polypeptide in 50 mM Hepes buffer (at various concentrations) or 50 mM
  • This assay is designed to determine whether PRO polypeptides of the present invention show the ability to induce the proliferation and/or redifferentiation of chondrocytes in culture.
  • PRO polypeptides testing positive in this assay would be expected to be useful for the therapeutic treatment of various bone and/or cartilage disorders such as, for example, sports injuries and arthritis.
  • Porcine chondrocytes are isolated by overnight collagenase digestion of articular cartilage of the metacarpophalangeal joint of 4-6 month old female pigs. The isolated cells are then seeded at 25,000 cells/cm 2 in Ham F-12 containing 10% FBS and 4 ⁇ g/ml gentamycin. The culture media is changed every third day. On day 12, the cells are seeded in 96 well plates at 5,000 cells/well in lOO ⁇ l of the same media without serum and
  • test PRO polypeptide 100 ⁇ l of either serum-free medium (negative control), staurosporin (final concentration of 5 nM; positive control) or the test PRO polypeptide are added to give a final volume of 200 ⁇ l/well. After 5 days at 37 °C, 22 ⁇ l of media comtaining lOO ⁇ g/ml Hoechst 33342 and 50 ⁇ g/ml 5-CFDA is added to each well and incubated for an additional 10 minutes at 37°C. A picture of the green fluorescence is taken for each well and the differentiation state of the chondrocytes is calculated by morphometric analysis. A positive result in the assay is obtained when the > 50% of the PRO polypeptide treated cells are differentiated (compared to the background obtained by the negative control).
  • PRO polypeptides tested positive in this assay PR0229, PRO 1272, and PRO4405.
  • This assay is designed to determine whether PRO polypeptides of the present invention show the ability to induce proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells in culture and, therefore, function as useful growth factors.

Abstract

The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Description

SECRETED AND TRANSMEMBRANE POLYPEPTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS ENCODING THE
SAME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to the identification and isolation of novel DNA and to the recombinant production of novel polypeptides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Extracellular proteins play important roles in, among other things, the formation, differentiation and maintenance of multicellular organisms. The fate of many individual cells, e.g., proliferation, migration, differentiation, or interaction with other cells, is typically governed by information received from other cells and/or the immediate environment. This information is often transmitted by secreted polypeptides (for instance, mitogenic factors, survival factors, cytotoxic factors, differentiation factors, neuropeptides, and hormones) wliich are, in turn, received and interpreted by diverse cell receptors or membrane-bound proteins. These secreted polypeptides or signaling molecules normally pass through the cellular secretory pathway to reach their site of action in the extracellular environment.
Secreted proteins have various industrial applications, including as pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, biosensors and bioreactors. Most protein drugs available at present, such as thrombolytic agents, interferons, interleukins, erythropoietins, colony stimulating factors, and various other cytokines, are secretory proteins. Their receptors, which are membrane proteins, also have potential as therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Efforts are being undertaken by both industry and academia to identify new, native secreted proteins. Many efforts are focused on the screening of mammalian recombinant DNA libraries to identify the coding sequences for novel secreted proteins. Examples of screening methods and techniques are described in the literature [see, for example, Klein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93:7108-7113 (1996); U.S. Patent No. 5,536,637)].
Membrane-bound proteins and receptors can play important roles in, among other things, the formation, differentiation and maintenance of multicellular organisms. The fate of many individual cells, e.g. , proliferation, migration, differentiation, or interaction with other cells, is typically governed by information received from other cells and/or the immediate environment. This information is often transmitted by secreted polypeptides (for instance, mitogemc factors, survival factors, cytotoxic factors, differentiation factors, neuropeptides, and hormones) which are, in turn, received and interpreted by diverse cell receptors or membrane-bound proteins. Such membrane-bound proteins and cell receptors include, but are not limited to, cytokine receptors, receptor kinases, receptor phosphatases, receptors involved in cell-cell interactions, and cellular adhesin molecules like selectins and integrins. For instance, transduction of signals that regulate cell growth and differentiation is regulated in part by phosphorylation of various cellular proteins. Protein tyrosine kinases, enzymes that catalyze that process, can also act as growth factor receptors. Examples include fibroblast growth factor receptor and nerve growth factor receptor.
Membrane-bound proteins and receptor molecules have various industrial applications, including as pharmaceutical and diagnostic agents. Receptor immunoadhesins, for instance, can be employed as therapeutic agents to block receptor-ligand interactions. The membrane-bound proteins can also be employed for screening of potential peptide or small molecule inhibitors of the relevant receptor/ligand interaction. Efforts are being undertaken by both industry and academia to identify new, native receptor or membrane-bound proteins . Many efforts are focused on the screening of mammalian recombinant DNA libraries to identify the coding sequences for novel receptor or membrane-bound proteins.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a PRO polypeptide.
In one aspect, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% nucleic acid sequence identity to (a) a DNA molecule encoding a PRO polypeptide having a full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, an amino acid sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other specifically defined fragment of the full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a).
In other aspects, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% nucleic acid sequence identity to (a) a DNA molecule comprising the coding sequence of a full-length PRO polypeptide cDNA as disclosed herein, the coding sequence of a PRO polypeptide lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, the coding sequence of an extracellular domain of a transmembrane PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or the coding sequence of any other specifically defined fragment of the full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a).
In a further aspect, the invention concerns an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence having at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99 % nucleic acid sequence identity to (a) a DNA molecule that encodes the same mature polypeptide encoded by any of the human protein cDNAs deposited with the ATCC as disclosed herein, or (b) the complement of the DNA molecule of (a).
Another aspect the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a PRO polypeptide which is either transmembrane domain-deleted or transmembrane domain-inactivated, or is complementary to such encoding nucleotide sequence, wherein the transmembrane domain(s) of such polypeptide are disclosed herein. Therefore, soluble extracellular domains of the herein described PRO polypeptides are contemplated.
Another embodiment is directed to fragments of a PRO polypeptide coding sequence, or the complement thereof, that may find use as, for example, hybridization probes, for encoding fragments of a PRO polypeptide that may optionally encode a polypeptide comprising a binding site for an anti-PRO antibody or as antisense oligonucleotide probes. Such nucleic acid fragments are usually at least about 10 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 15 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 20 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 30 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 40 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 50 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 60 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 70 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 80 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 90 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 100 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 110 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 120 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 130 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 140 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 150 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 160 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 170 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 180 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 190 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 200 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 250 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 300 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 350 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 400 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 450 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 500 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 600 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 700 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 800 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 900 nucleotides in length and alternatively at least about 1000 nucleotides in length, wherein in this context the term "about" means the referenced nucleotide sequence length plus or minus 10% of that referenced length. It is noted that novel fragments of a PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence may be determined in a routine manner by aligning the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence with other known nucleotide sequences using any of a number of well known sequence alignment programs and determining which PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequence fragment(s) are novel. All of such PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequences are contemplated herein. Also contemplated are the PRO polypeptide fragments encoded by these nucleotide molecule fragments, preferably those PRO polypeptide fragments that comprise a binding site for an anti-PRO antibody.
In another embodiment, the invention provides isolated PRO polypeptide encoded by any of the isolated nucleic acid sequences hereinabove identified.
In a certain aspect, the invention concerns an isolated PRO polypeptide, comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity to a PRO polypeptide having a full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein, an amino acid sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other specifically defined fragment of the full-length amino acid sequence as disclosed herein. In a further aspect, the invention concerns an isolated PRO polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity to an amino acid sequence encoded by any of the human protein cDNAs deposited with the ATCC as disclosed herein.
In a specific aspect, the invention provides an isolated PRO polypeptide without the N-terminal signal sequence and/or the initiating methionine and is encoded by a nucleotide sequence that encodes such an amino acid sequence as hereinbefore described. Processes for producing the same are also herein described, wherein those processes comprise culturing a host cell comprising a vector which comprises the appropriate encoding nucleic acid molecule under conditions suitable for expression of the PRO polypeptide and recovering the PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.
Another aspect the invention provides an isolated PRO polypeptide which is either transmembrane domain-deleted or transmembrane domain-inactivated. Processes for producing the same are also herein described, wherein those processes comprise culturing a host cell comprising a vector which comprises the appropriate encoding nucleic acid molecule under conditions suitable for expression of the PRO polypeptide and recovering the PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.
In yet another embodiment, the invention concerns agonists and antagonists of a native PRO polypeptide as defined herein. In a particular embodiment, the agonist or antagonist is an anti-PRO antibody or a small molecule. In a further embodiment, the invention concerns a method of identifying agonists or antagonists to a PRO polypeptide which comprise contacting the PRO polypeptide with a candidate molecule and monitoring a biological activity mediated by said PRO polypeptide. Preferably, the PRO polypeptide is a native PRO polypeptide.
In a still further embodiment, the invention concerns a composition of matter comprising a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist of a PRO polypeptide as herein described, or an anti-PRO antibody, in combination with a carrier. Optionally, the carrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to the use of a PRO polypeptide, or an agonist or antagonist thereof as hereinbefore described, or an anti-PRO antibody, for the preparation of a medicament useful in the treatment of a condition which is responsive to the PRO polypeptide, an agonist or antagonist thereof or an anti-PRO antibody. In other embodiments of the present invention, the invention provides vectors comprising DNA encoding any of the herein described polypeptides. Host cell comprising any such vector are also provided. By way of example, the host cells may be CHO cells, E. coli, or yeast. A process for producing any of the herein described polypeptides is further provided and comprises culturing host cells under conditions suitable for expression of the desired polypeptide and recovering the desired polypeptide from the cell culture.
In other embodiments, the invention provides chimeric molecules comprising any of the herein described polypeptides fused to a heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence. Example of such chimeric molecules comprise any of the herein described polypeptides fused to an epitope tag sequence or a Fc region of an immunoglobulin.
In another embodiment, the invention provides an antibody which binds, preferably specifically, to any of the above or below described polypeptides. Optionally, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, humanized antibody, antibody fragment or single-chain antibody.
In yet other embodiments, the invention provides oligonucleotide probes which may be useful for isolating genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences, measuring or detecting expression of an associated gene or as antisense probes, wherein those probes may be derived from any of the above or below described nucleotide sequences. Preferred probe lengths are described above.
In yet other embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods of using the PRO polypeptides of the present invention for a variety of uses based upon the functional biological assay data presented in the Examples below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1A-1B show a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:l) of a native sequence PRO6004 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:l is a clone designated herein as "DNA92259". Figure 2 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID
NO:l shown in Figures 1A-1B.
Figure 3 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of a native sequence PR04981 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:3 is a clone designated herein as "DNA94849-2960".
Figure 4 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) of a native sequence PR07174 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:5 is a clone designated herein as "DNA96883-2745".
Figure 6 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 shown in Figure 5. Figure 7 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) of a native sequence PR05778 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:7 is a clone designated herein as "DNA96894-2675".
Figure 8 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 8) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:7 shown in Figure 7.
Figure 9 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) of a native sequence PR04332 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:9 is a clone designated herein as "DNA100272-2969" .
Figure 10 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 shown in Figure 9. Figure 11 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 11) of a native sequence PR09799 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:ll is a clone designated herein as "DNA108696-2966".
Figure 12 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 12) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) of a native sequence PRO9909 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 13 is a clone designated herein as "DNA117935-2801 " .
Figure 14 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 14) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 shown in Figure 13.
Figure 15 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 15) of a native sequence PR09917 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:15 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119474-2803". Figure 16 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 16) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 15 shown in Figure 15.
Figure 17 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 17) of a native sequence PR09771 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 17 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119498-2965".
Figure 18 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 18) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 shown in Figure 17.
Figure 19 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 19) of a native sequence PR09877 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 19 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119502-2789".
Figure 20 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:20) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 shown in Figure 19. Figure 21 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:21) of a native sequence PRO9903 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:21 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119516-2797".
Figure 22 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:22) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 shown in Figure 21.
Figure 23 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:23) of a native sequence PRO9830 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:23 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119530-2968" .
Figure 24 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 24) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:23 shown in Figure 23.
Figure 25 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:25) of a native sequence PR07155 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:25 is a clone designated herein as "DNA121772-2741". Figure 26 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:26) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:25 shown in Figure 25.
Figure 27 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:27) of a native sequence PR09862 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:27 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125148-2782".
Figure 28 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:28) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:27 shown in Figure 27.
Figure 29 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:29) of a native sequence PR09882 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:29 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125150-2793". Figure 30 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 30) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:29 shown in Figure 29.
Figure 31 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 31) of a native sequence PR09864 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:31 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125151-2784".
Figure 32 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 32) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:31 shown in Figure 31.
Figure 33 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:33) of a native sequence PRO10013 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:33 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125181-2804".
Figure 34 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:34) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 shown in Figure 33. Figure 35 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:35) of a native sequence PRO9885 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:35 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125192-2794".
Figure 36 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:36) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:35 shown in Figure 35.
Figure 37 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:37) of a native sequence PR09879 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:37 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125196-2792".
Figure 38 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 38) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37 shown in Figure 37.
Figure 39 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 39) of a native sequence PRO 10111 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:39 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125200-2810". Figure 40 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 40) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:39 shown in Figure 39.
Figure 41 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:41) of a native sequence PR09925 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:41 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125214-2814".
Figure 42 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 42) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:41 shown in Figure 41.
Figure 43 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:43) of a native sequence PRO9905 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:43 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125219-2799".
Figure 44 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 44) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:43 shown in Figure 43. Figure 45 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO :45) of a native sequence PRO 10276 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:45 is a clone designated herein as "DNA128309-2825".
Figure 46 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:46) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45 shown in Figure 45.
Figure 47 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:47) of a native sequence PR09898 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:47 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129535-2796".
Figure 48 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 48) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:47 shown in Figure 47. Figure 49 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:49) of anative sequence PRO9904 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:49 is a clone designated herein as "DNA 129549-2798".
Figure 50 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 50) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49 shown in Figure 49.
Figure 51 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:51) of anative sequence PRO 19632 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:51 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129580-2863".
Figure 52 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 52) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 shown in Figure 51.
Figure 53 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 53) of a native sequence PRO 19672 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:53 is a clone designated herein as "DNA129794-2967". Figure 54 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:54) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 53 shown in Figure 53.
Figure 55 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 55) of a native sequence PR09783 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:55 is a clone designated herein as "DNA131590-2962".
Figure 56 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 56) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:55 shown in Figure 55.
Figure 57 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:57) of a native sequence PROIOI 12 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:57 is a clone designated herein as "DNA135173-2811".
Figure 58 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:58) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 shown in Figure 57. Figures 59A-59B show a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:59) of a native sequence PRO10284 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:59 is a clone designated herein as "DNA138039-2828".
Figure 60 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 60) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:59 shown in Figures 59A-59B.
Figure 61 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:61) of a native sequence PRO10100 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:61 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139540-2807".
Figure 62 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 62) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:61 shown in Figure 61.
Figure 63 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:63) of anative sequence PR019628 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:63 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139602-2859". Figure 64 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 64) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 63 shown in Figure 63.
Figure 65 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:65) of a native sequence PR019684 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:65 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139632-2880".
Figure 66 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 66) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65 shown in Figure 65.
Figure 67 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 67) of anative sequence PRO 10274 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:67 is a clone designated herein as "DNA139686-2823". Figure 68 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 68) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 shown in Figure 67.
Figure 69 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:69) of a native sequence PRO9907 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:69 is a clone designated herein as "DNA142392-2800".
Figure 70 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 70) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 shown in Figure 69.
Figure 71 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 71) of a native sequence PR09873 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:71 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143076-2787".
Figure 72 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:72) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:71 shown in Figure 71. Figure 73 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:73) of anative sequence PRO10201 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:73 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143294-2818".
Figure 74 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:74) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 shown in Figure 73.
Figure 75 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:75) of anative sequence PRO10200 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:75 is a clone designated herein as "DNA143514-2817".
Figure 76 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:76) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75 shown in Figure 75.
Figure 77 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:77) of anative sequence PRO10196 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:77 is a clone designated herein as "DNA144841-2816". Figure 78 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:78) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 77 shown in Figure 77.
Figure 79 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:79) of a native sequence PRO10282 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:79 is a clone designated herein as "DNA148380-2827".
Figure 80 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 80) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:79 shown in Figure 79.
Figure 81 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:81) of anative sequence PRO19650 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:81 is a clone designated herein as "DNA149995-2871".
Figure 82 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 82) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 shown in Figure 81. Figure 83 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 83) of a native sequence PR021184 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:83 is a clone designated herein as "DNA167678-2963".
Figure 84 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 84) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:83 shown in Figure 83.
Figure 85 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:85) of anative sequence PRO21201 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:85 is a clone designated herein as "DNA168028-2956".
Figure 86 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 86) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:85 shown in Figure 85. Figure 87 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO :87) of a native sequence PR021175 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:87 is a clone designated herein as "DNA173894-2947".
Figure 88 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:88) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:87 shown in Figure 87.
Figure 89 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 89) of a native sequence PRO21340 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO.-89 is a clone designated herein as "DNA 176775-2957" .
Figure 90 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 90) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:89 shown in Figure 89.
Figure 91 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:91) of a native sequence PR021384 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:91 is a clone designated herein as "DNA177313-2982". Figure 92 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 92) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:91 shown in Figure 91.
Figure 93 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 93) of a native sequence PR0982 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:93 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57700-1408".
Figure 94 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 94) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:93 shown in Figure 93.
Figure 95 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:95) of a native sequence PROl 160 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:95 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62872-1509".
Figure 96 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 96) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:95 shown in Figure 95. Figure 97 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:97) of a native sequence PROH87 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:97 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62876-1517".
Figure 98 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 98) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:97 shown in Figure 97.
Figure 99 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:99) of a native sequence PR01329 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:99 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66660-1585".
Figure 100 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 100) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:99 shown in Figure 99.
Figure 101 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 101) of a native sequence PR0231 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 101 is a clone designated herein as "DNA34434-1139". Figure 102 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 102) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 101 shown in Figure 101.
Figure 103 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 103) of a native sequence PR0357 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 103 is a clone designated herein as "DNA44804-1248".
Figure 104 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 104) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO : 103 shown in Figure 103.
Figure 105 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 105) of a native sequence PR0725 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 105 is a clone designated herein as "DNA52758-1399". Figure 106 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 106) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 105 shown in Figure 105.
Figure 107 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:107) of a native sequence PROH55 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 107 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59849-1504".
Figure 108 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 108) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 107 shown in Figure 107.
Figure 109 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 109) of a native sequence PRO 1306 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 109 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65410-1569".
Figure 110 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 110) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 109 shown in Figure 109. Figure 111 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 111) of a native sequence PR01419 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 111 is a clone designated herein as "DNA71290-1630".
Figure 112 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 112) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:lll shown in Figure 111.
Figure 113 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:113) of a native sequence PR0229cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:113 is a clone designated herein as "DNA33100-1159".
Figure 114 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 114) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 113 shown in Figure 113.
Figure 115 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:115) of a native sequence PR01272 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 115 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64896-1539". Figure 116 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 116) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 115 shown in Figure 115.
Figure 117 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 117) of a native sequence PRO4405 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 117 is a clone designated herein as "DNA84920-2614".
Figure 118 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 118) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 shown in Figure 117.
Figure 119 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 119) of anative sequence PR0181 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 119 is a clone designated herein as "DNA23330-1390".
Figure 120 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 120) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 119 shown in Figure 119. Figure 121 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:121) of a native sequence PR0214cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO:121 is a clone designated herein as "DNA32286-1191".
Figure 122 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 122) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:121 shown in Figure 121.
Figure 123 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 123) of anative sequence PR0247 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:123 is a clone designated herein as "DNA35673-1201".
Figure 124 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 124) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 123 shown in Figure 123. Figure 125 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO : 125) of a native sequence PR0337 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 125 is a clone designated herein as "DNA43316-1237".
Figure 126 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 126) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 125 shown in Figure 125.
Figure 127 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 127) of a native sequence PR0526 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 127 is a clone designated herein as "DNA44184-1319" .
Figure 128 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 128) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 127 shown in Figure 127.
Figure 129 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 129) of a native sequence PR0363 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 129 is a clone designated herein as "DNA45419-1252". Figure 130 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 130) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 129 shown in Figure 129.
Figure 131 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:131) of anative sequence PR0531 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 131 is a clone designated herein as "DNA48314-1320".
Figure 132 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 132) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 131 shown in Figure 131.
Figure 133 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 133) of a native sequence PRO1083 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 133 is a clone designated herein as "DNA50921-1458".
Figure 134 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 134) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 133 shown in Figure 133. Figure 135 shows anucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 135) of anative sequence PRO840 cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO: 135 is a clone designated herein as "DNA53987".
Figure 136 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 136) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 135 shown in Figure 135.
Figure 137 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 137) of a native sequence PRO1080 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 137 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56047-1456" .
Figure 138 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 138) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137 shown in Figure 137.
Figure 139 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 139) of a native sequence PR0788 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 139 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56405-1357". Figure 140 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 140) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 139 shown in Figure 139.
Figure 141 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 141) of a native sequence PR01478 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 141 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56531-1648".
Figure 142 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 142) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 141 shown in Figure 141.
Figure 143 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 143) of a native sequence PROl 134 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 143 is a clone designated herein as "DNA56865-1491". Figure 144 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 144) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 143 shown in Figure 143.
Figure 145 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 145) of anative sequence PR0826 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 145 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57694-1341".
Figure 146 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 146) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 145 shown in Figure 145.
Figure 147 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 147) of a native sequence PRO1005 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 147 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57708-1411".
Figure 148 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 148) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 147 shown in Figure 147. Figure 149 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 149) of a native sequence PRO809cDNA, wherein
SEQ ID NO: 149 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57836-1338".
Figure 150 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 150) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 149 shown in Figure 149.
Figure 151 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 151) of a native sequence PROl 194 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 151 is a clone designated herein as "DNA57841-1522".
Figure 152 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 152) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:151 shown in Figure 151.
Figure 153 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 153) of a native sequence PRO1071 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 153 is a clone designated herein as "DNA58847-1383". Figure 154 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 154) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 153 shown in Figure 153.
Figure 155 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 155) of a native sequence PR01411 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 155 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59212-1627".
Figure 156 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 156) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 155 shown in Figure 155.
Figure 157 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 157) of a native sequence PRO1309 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 157 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59588-1571".
Figure 158 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 158) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 157 shown in Figure 157. Figure 159 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 159) of a native sequence PRO1025 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:159 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59622-1334".
Figure 160 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 160) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 159 shown in Figure 159.
Figure 161 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 161) of a native sequence PROl 181 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:161 is a clone designated herein as "DNA59847-2510".
Figure 162 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 162) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 161 shown in Figure 161. Figure 163 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 163) of a native sequence PROl 126 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 163 is a clone designated herein as "DNA60615-1483".
Figure 164 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 164) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 163 shown in Figure 163.
Figure 165 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 165) of a native sequence PROl 186 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 165 is a clone designated herein as "DNA60621-1516".
Figure 166 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 166) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 165 shown in Figure 165.
Figure 167 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 167) of a native sequence PROl 192 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 167 is a clone designated herein as "DNA62814-1521". Figure 168 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 168) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 167 shown in Figure 167.
Figure 169 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 169) of a native sequence PRO 1244 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:169 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64883-1526".
Figure 170 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 170) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 169 shown in Figure 169.
Figure 171 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 171) of a native sequence PR01274 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 171 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64889-1541".
Figure 172 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 172) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 171 shown in Figure 171. Figure 173 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 173) of a native sequence PR01412 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 173 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64897-1628".
Figure 174 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 174) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 173 shown in Figure 173.
Figure 175 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 175) of a native sequence PRO 1286 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 175 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64903-1553" .
Figure 176 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 176) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 175 shown in Figure 175.
Figure 177 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 177) of a native sequence PRO1330 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 177 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64907-1163-1". Figure 178 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 178) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 177 shown in Figure 177.
Figure 179 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 179) of a native sequence PRO 1347 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 179 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64950-1590".
Figure 180 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 180) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO : 179 shown in Figure 179.
Figure 181 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 181) of a native sequence PRO1305 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 181 is a clone designated herein as "DNA64952-1568". Figure 182 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 182) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181 shown in Figure 181.
Figure 183 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 183) of a native sequence PR01273 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 183 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65402-1540".
Figure 184 shows the a ino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 184) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 183 shown in Figure 183.
Figure 185 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 185) of a native sequence PRO 1279 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 185 is a clone designated herein as "DNA65405-1547".
Figure 186 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 186) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 185 shown in Figure 185. Figure 187 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 187) of a native sequence PRO1340 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 187 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66663-1598".
Figure 188 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 188) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 187 shown in Figure 187.
Figure 189 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 189) of a native sequence PR01338 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 189 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66667" .
Figure 190 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 190) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 189 shown in Figure 189.
Figure 191 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 191) of a native sequence PR01343 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:191 is a clone designated herein as "DNA66675-1587". Figure 192 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 192) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO: 191 shown in Figure 191.
Figure 193 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 193) of a native sequence PR01376 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 193 is a clone designated herein as "DNA67300-1605".
Figure 194 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 194) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 193 shown in Figure 193.
Figure 195 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 195) of a native sequence PR01387 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 195 is a clone designated herein as "DNA68872-1620".
Figure 196 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 196) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 195 shown in Figure 195. Figure 197 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 197) of a native sequence PRO1409 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:197 is a clone designated herein as "DNA71269-1621".
Figure 198 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 198) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 197 shown in Figure 197.
Figure 199 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 199) of a native sequence PRO 1488 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO: 199 is a clone designated herein as "DNA73736-1657" .
Figure 200 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 200) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 199 shown in Figure 199. Figure 201 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:201) of a native sequence PR01474 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:201 is a clone designated herein as "DNA73739-1645".
Figure 202 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:202) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:201 shown in Figure 201.
Figure 203 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:203) of a native sequence PR01917 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:203 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76400-2528" .
Figure 204 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 204) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:203 shown in Figure 203.
Figure 205 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:205) of a native sequence PRO1760 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:205 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76532-1702". Figure 206 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:206) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:205 shown in Figure 205.
Figure 207 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:207) of a native sequence PR01567 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:207 is a clone designated herein as "DNA76541-1675".
Figure 208 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 208) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:207 shown in Figure 207.
Figure 209 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:209) of a native sequence PR01887 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:209 is a clone designated herein as "DNA79862-2522".
Figure 210 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:210) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:209 shown in Figure 209. Figure 211 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:211) of a native sequence PR01928 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:211 is a clone designated herein as "DNA81754-2532".
Figure 212 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:212) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:211 shown in Figure 211.
Figure 213 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:213) of a native sequence PR04341 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:213 is a clone designated herein as "DNA81761-2583".
Figure 214 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:214) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:213 shown in Figure 213.
Figure 215 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:215) of a native sequence PR05723 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:215 is a clone designated herein as "DNA82361". Figure 216 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:216) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:215 shown in Figure 215.
Figure 217 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:217) of a native sequence PRO1801 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:217 is a clone designated herein as "DNA83500-2506".
Figure 218 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:218) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:217 shown in Figure 217.
Figure 219 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:219) of a native sequence PR04333 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:219 is a clone designated herein as "DNA84210-2576". Figure 220 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:220) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:219 shown in Figure 219.
Figure 221 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:221) of a native sequence PR03543 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:221 is a clone designated herein as "DNA86571-2551".
Figure 222 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO.-222) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:221 shown in Figure 221.
Figure 223 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:223) of a native sequence PR03444 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:223 is a clone designated herein as "DNA87997".
Figure 224 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:224) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.223 shown in Figure 223. Figure 225 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:225) of a native sequence PRO4302 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:225 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92218-2554".
Figure 226 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:226) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.225 shown in Figure 225.
Figure 227 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 227) of a native sequence PR04322 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:227 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92223-2567".
Figure 228 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:228) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:227 shown in Figure 227.
Figure 229 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:229) of a native sequence PR05725 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:229 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92265-2669". Figure 230 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:230) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:229 shown in Figure 229.
Figure 231 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:231) of a native sequence PRO4408 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:231 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92274-2617".
Figure 232 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:232) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO-.231 shown in Figure 231.
Figure 233 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:233) of a native sequence PRO9940 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:223 is a clone designated herein as "DNA92282".
Figure 234 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:234) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:233 shown in Figure 233. Figure 235 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:235) of a native sequence PR07154 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:235 is a clone designated herein as "DNA108760-2740".
Figure 236 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:236) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO.-235 shown in Figure 235.
Figure 237 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:237) of a native sequence PR07425 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:237 is a clone designated herein as "DNA108792-2753" .
Figure 238 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:238) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:237 shown in Figure 237. Figure 239 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:239) of a native sequence PRO6079 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:239 is a clone designated herein as "DNA111750-27O6".
Figure 240 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 240) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:239 shown in Figure 239.
Figure 241 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:241) of a native sequence PR09836 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:241 is a clone designated herein as "DNA119514-2772".
Figure 242 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 242) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:241 shown in Figure 241.
Figure 243 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:243) of a native sequence PRO10096 cDNA, wherein SEQ ID NO:243 is a clone designated herein as "DNA125185-2806". Figure 244 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:244) derived from the coding sequence of SEQ
ID NO:243 shown in Figure 243.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS I. Definitions The terms "PRO polypeptide" and "PRO" as used herem and when immediately followed by a numerical designation refer to various polypeptides, wherein the complete designation (i.e. , PRO/number) refers to specific polypeptide sequences as described herein. The terms "PRO/number polypeptide" and "PRO/number" wherein the term "number" is provided as an actual numerical designation as used herein encompass native sequence polypeptides and polypeptide variants (which are further defined herein). The PRO polypeptides described herein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods. The term "PRO polypeptide" refers to each individual PRO/number polypeptide disclosed herein. All disclosures in this specification which refer to the "PRO polypeptide" refer to each of the polypeptides individually as well as jointly. For example, descriptions of the preparation of, purification of, derivation of, formation of antibodies to or against, administration of, compositions containing, treatment of a disease with, etc., pertain to each polypeptide of the invention individually. The term "PRO polypeptide" also includes variants of the PRO/number polypeptides disclosed herein.
A "native sequence PRO polypeptide" comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the corresponding PRO polypeptide derived from nature. Such native sequence PRO polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means . The term "native sequence PRO polypeptide " specifically encompasses naturally-occurring truncated or secreted forms of the specific PRO polypeptide (e.g. , an extracellular domain sequence), naturally-occurring variant forms (e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally-occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide. In various embodiments of the invention, the native sequence PRO polypeptides disclosed herein are mature or full-length native sequence polypeptides comprising the full-length amino acids sequences shown in the accompanying figures. Start and stop codons are shown in bold font and underlined in the figures. However, while the PRO polypeptide disclosed in the accompanying figures are shown to begin with methionine residues designated herein as amino acid position 1 in the figures, it is conceivable and possible that other methionine residues located either upstream or downstream from the amino acid position 1 in the figures may be employed as the starting amino acid residue for the PRO polypeptides.
The PRO polypeptide "extracellular domain" or "ECD" refers to a form of the PRO polypeptide which is essentially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Ordinarily, a PRO polypeptide ECD will have less than 1 % of such transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains and preferably, will have less than 0.5 % of such domains. It will be understood that any transmembrane domains identified for the PRO polypeptides of the present invention are identified pursuant to criteria routinely employed in the art for identifying that type of hydrophobic domain. The exact boundaries of a transmembrane domain may vary but most likely by no more than about 5 amino acids at either end of the domain as initially identified herein. Optionally, therefore, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide may contain from about 5 or fewer amino acids on either side of the transmembrane domain/extracellular domain boundary as identified in the Examples or specification and such polypeptides, with or without the associated signal peptide, and nucleic acid encoding them, are contemplated by the present invention.
The approximate location of the "signal peptides" of the various PRO polypeptides disclosed herein are shown in the present specification and/or the accompanying figures. It is noted, however, that the C-terminal boundary of a signal peptide may vary, but most likely by no more than about 5 amino acids on either side of the signal peptide C-terminal boundary as initially identified herein, wherein the C-terminal boundary of the signal peptide may be identified pursuant to criteria routinely employed in the art for identifying that type of amino acid sequence element (e.g., Nielsen et al., Prot. Eng. 10:1-6 (1997) and von Heinje et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 14:4683-4690 (1986)). Moreover, it is also recognized that, in some cases, cleavage of a signal sequence from a secreted polypeptide is not entirely uniform, resulting in more than one secreted species. These mature polypeptides, where the signal peptide is cleaved within no more than about 5 amino acids on either side of the C-terminal boundary of the signal peptide as identified herein, and the polynucleotides encoding them, are contemplated by the present invention.
"PRO polypeptide variant" means an active PRO polypeptide as defined above or below having at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity with a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Such PRO polypeptide variants include, for instance, PRO polypeptides wherein one or more amino acid residues are added, or deleted, at the N- or C-terminus of the full- length native amino acid sequence. Ordinarily, a PRO polypeptide variant will have at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91 % amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% amino acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% amino acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% amino acid sequence identity to a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other specifically defined fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Ordinarily, PRO variant polypeptides are at least about 10 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 20 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 30 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 40 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 50 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 60 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 70 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 80 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 90 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 100 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 150 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 200 amino acids in length, alternatively at least about 300 amino acids in length, or more.
"Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity" with respect to the PRO polypeptide sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the specific PRO polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, however, % amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2, wherein the complete source code for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc. and the source code shown in Table 1 below has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C. , 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program is publicly available through Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California or may be compiled from the source code provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.
In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows:
100 times the fraction X/Y where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in that program's alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A. As examples of % amino acid sequence identity calculations using this method, Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate how to calculate the % amino acid sequence identity of the amino acid sequence designated "Comparison Protein" to the amino acid sequence designated "PRO", wherein "PRO" represents the amino acid sequence of a hypothetical PRO polypeptide of interest, " Comparison Protein" represents the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide against which the "PRO" polypeptide of interest is being compared, and "X, "Y" and "Z" each represent different hypothetical amino acid residues. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all % amino acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program. However, % amino acid sequence identity values may also be obtained as described below by using the WU-BLAST-2 computer program (Altschul et al., Methods in Enzymology 266:460-480 (1996)). Most of the WU-BLAST-2 search parameters are set to the default values. Those not set to default values, i.e., the adjustable parameters, are set with the following values: overlap span = 1, overlap fraction = 0.125, word threshold (T) = 11, and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62. When WU-BLAST-2 is employed, a % amino acid sequence identity value is determined by dividing (a) the number of matching identical amino acid residues between the amino acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide of interest having a sequence derived from the native PRO polypeptide and the comparison amino acid sequence of interest (i.e., the sequence against which the PRO polypeptide of interest is being compared which may be a PRO variant polypeptide) as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide of interest. For example, in the statement "a polypeptide comprising an the amino acid sequence A which has or having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence B", the amino acid sequence A is the comparison amino acid sequence of interest and the amino acid sequence B is the amino acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide of interest. Percent amino acid sequence identity may also be determined using the sequence comparison program
NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997)). The NCBI-BLAST2 sequence comparison program may be downloaded from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or otherwise obtained from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. NCBI-BLAST2 uses several search parameters, wherein all of those search parameters are set to default values including, for example, unmask = yes, strand = all, expected occurrences = 10, minimum low complexity length = 15/5, multi-pass e-value = 0.01, constant for multi-pass = 25, dropoff for final gapped alignment = 25 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62.
In situations where NCBI-BLAST2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain % amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows:
100 times the fraction X/Y where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program NCBI-BLAST2 in that program's alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the % amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the % amino acid sequence identity of B to A. "PRO variant polynucleotide" or "PRO variant nucleic acid sequence" means a nucleic acid molecule which encodes an active PRO polypeptide as defined below and which has at least about 80% nucleic acid sequence identity with a nucleotide acid sequence encoding a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal peptide, as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Ordinarily, a PRO variant polynucleotide will have at least about 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 81 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 82% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 83% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 84% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 85% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 86% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 87 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 88 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 89 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 90% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 91% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 92% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 93% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 94% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 95 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 96 % nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 97% nucleic acid sequence identity, alternatively at least about 98% nucleic acid sequence identity and alternatively at least about 99% nucleic acid sequence identity with a nucleic acid sequence encoding a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein, a full-length native sequence PRO polypeptide sequence lacking the signal peptide as disclosed herein, an extracellular domain of a PRO polypeptide, with or without the signal sequence, as disclosed herein or any other fragment of a full-length PRO polypeptide sequence as disclosed herein. Variants do not encompass the native nucleotide sequence.
Ordinarily, PRO variant polynucleotides are at least about 30 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 60 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 90 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 120 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 150 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 180 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 210 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 240 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 270 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 300 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 450 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 600 nucleotides in length, alternatively at least about 900 nucleotides in length, or more.
"Percent (%) nucleic acid sequence identity" with respect to PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of nucleotides in a candidate sequence that are identical with the nucleotides in the PRO nucleic acid sequence of interest, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent nucleic acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. For purposes herein, however, % nucleic acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2, wherein the complete source code for the ALIGN-2 program is provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc. and the source code shown in Table 1 below has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C, 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program is publicly available tlirough Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California or may be compiled from the source code provided in Table 1 below. The ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, preferably digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.
In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for nucleic acid sequence comparisons, the % nucleic acid sequence identity of a given nucleic acid sequence C to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D (which can alternatively be phrased as a given nucleic acid sequence C that has or comprises a certain % nucleic acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D) is calculated as follows:
100 times the fraction W/Z
where W is the number of nucleotides scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in that program's alignment of C and D, and where Z is the total number of nucleotides in D. It will be appreciated that where the length of nucleic acid sequence C is not equal to the length of nucleic acid sequence D, the % nucleic acid sequence identity of C to D will not equal the % nucleic acid sequence identity of D to C. As examples of % nucleic acid sequence identity calculations, Tables 4 and 5, demonstrate how to calculate the % nucleic acid sequence identity of the nucleic acid sequence designated "Comparison DNA" to the nucleic acid sequence designated "PRO-DNA", wherein "PRO-DNA" represents a hypothetical PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequence of interest, "Comparison DNA" represents the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid molecule against which the "PRO-DNA" nucleic acid molecule of interest is being compared, and "N", "L" and "V" each represent different hypothetical nucleotides.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all % nucleic acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program. However, % nucleic acid sequence identity values may also be obtained as described below by using the WU-BLAST-2 computer program (Altschul et al., Methods in Enzvmology 266:460-480 (1996)). Most of the WU-BLAST-2 search parameters are set to the default values. Those not set to default values, i.e., the adjustable parameters, are set with the following values: overlap span = 1, overlap fraction = 0.125, word threshold (T) = 11, and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62. When WU-BLAST-2 is employed, a % nucleic acid sequence identity value is determined by dividing (a) the number of matching identical nucleotides between the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest having a sequence derived from the native sequence PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid and the comparison nucleic acid molecule of interest (i.e. , the sequence against which the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest is being compared which may be a variant PRO polynucleotide) as determined by WU-BLAST-2 by (b) the total number of nucleotides of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest. For example, in the statement "an isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid sequence A which has or having at least 80% nucleic acid sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence B", the nucleic acid sequence A is the comparison nucleic acid molecule of interest and the nucleic acid sequence B is the nucleic acid sequence of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule of interest.
Percent nucleic acid sequence identity may also be determined using the sequence comparison program NCBI-BLAST2 (Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402 (1997)). The NCBI-BLAST2 sequence comparison program may be downloaded from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or otherwise obtained from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD. NCBI-BLAST2 uses several search parameters, wherein all of those search parameters are set to default values including, for example, unmask = yes, strand = all, expected occurrences = 10, minimum low complexity length = 15/5, multi-pass e-value = 0.01, constant for multi-pass = 25, dropoff for final gapped alignment = 25 and scoring matrix = BLOSUM62.
In situations where NCBI-BLAST2 is employed for sequence comparisons, the % nucleic acid sequence identity of a given nucleic acid sequence C to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D (which can alternatively be phrased as a given nucleic acid sequence C that has or comprises a certain % nucleic acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given nucleic acid sequence D) is calculated as follows:
100 times the fraction W/Z
where W is the number of nucleotides scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program NCBI- BLAST2 in that program's alignment of C and D, and where Z is the total number of nucleotides in D. It will be appreciated that where the length of nucleic acid sequence C is not equal to the length of nucleic acid sequence D, the % nucleic acid sequence identity of C to D will not equal the % nucleic acid sequence identity of D to C. In other embodiments , PRO variant polynucleotides are nucleic acid molecules that encode an active PRO polypeptide and which are capable of hybridizing, preferably under stringent hybridization and wash conditions, to nucleotide sequences encoding a full-length PRO polypeptide as disclosed herein. PRO variant polypeptides may be those that are encoded by a PRO variant polynucleotide.
"Isolated, " when used to describe the various polypeptides disclosed herein, means polypeptide that has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials that would typically interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the polypeptide, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or non-proteinaceous solutes. In preferred embodiments, the polypeptide will be purified (1) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (2) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing or reducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain. Isolated polypeptide includes polypeptide in situ within recombinant cells, since at least one component of the PRO polypeptide natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated polypeptide will be prepared by at least one purification step.
An "isolated" PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid or other polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule that is identified and separated from at least one contaminant nucleic acid molecule with which it is ordinarily associated in the natural source of the polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid. An isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule is other than in the form or setting in which it is found in nature. Isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecules therefore are distinguished from the specific polypeptide- encoding nucleic acid molecule as it exists in natural cells. However, an isolated polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule includes polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecules contained in cells that ordinarily express the polypeptide where, for example, the nucleic acid molecule is in a chromosomal location different from that of natural cells. The term "control sequences" refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. The control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes, for example, include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site. Eukaryotic cells are known to utilize promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
Nucleic acid is "operably linked" when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation. Generally, "operably linked" means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
The term "antibody" is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers, for example, single anti-PRO monoclonal antibodies (including agonist, antagonist, and neutralizing antibodies), anti-PRO antibody compositions with polyepitopic specificity, single chain anti-PRO antibodies , and fragments of anti-PRO antibodies (see below) . The term "monoclonal antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e. , the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally-occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts.
"Stringency" of hybridization reactions is readily determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art, and generally is an empirical calculation dependent upon probe length, washing temperature, and salt concentration. In general, longer probes require higher temperatures for proper annealing, while shorter probes need lower temperatures . Hybridization generally depends on the ability of denatured DNA to reanneal when complementary strands are present in an environment below their melting temperature. The higher the degree of desired homology between the probe and hybridizable sequence, the higher the relative temperature which can be used. As a result, it follows that higher relative temperatures would tend to make the reaction conditions more stringent, while lower temperatures less so. For additional details and explanation of stringency of hybridization reactions, see Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. Wiley Interscience Publishers, (1995). " Stringent conditions " or "high stringency conditions " , as defined herein, may be identified by those that: (1) employ low ionic strength and high temperature for washing, for example 0.015 M sodium chloride/0.0015 M sodium citrate/0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50°C; (2) employ during hybridization a denaturing agent, such as formamide, for example, 50% (v/v) formamide with 0.1% bovine serum albumin/0.1% Ficoll/0.1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone/50mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 with 750 mM sodium chloride, 75 mM sodium citrate at 42°C; or (3) employ 50% formamide, 5 x SSC (0.75 M NaCl, 0.075 M sodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.8), 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 5 x Denhardt's solution, sonicated salmon sperm DNA (50 μg/ml), 0.1 % SDS, and 10% dextran sulfate at 42°C, with washes at 42°C in 0.2 x SSC (sodium chloride/sodium citrate) and 50% formamide at 55°C, followed by a high-stringency wash consisting of 0.1 x SSC containing EDTA at 55°C. "Moderately stringent conditions " may be identified as described by Sambrook et al. , Molecular Cloning:
A Laboratory Manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1989, and include the use of washing solution and hybridization conditions (e.g., temperature, ionic strength and %SDS) less stringent that those described above. An example of moderately stringent conditions is overnight incubation at 37°C in a solution comprising: 20% formamide, 5 x SSC (150 mM NaCl, 15 mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6), 5 x Denhardt's solution, 10% dextran sulfate, and 20 mg/ml denatured sheared salmon sperm DNA, followed by washing the filters in 1 x SSC at about 37-50°C. The skilled artisan will recognize how to adjust the temperature, ionic strength, etc. as necessary to accommodate factors such as probe length and the like.
The term "epitope tagged" when used herein refers to a chimeric polypeptide comprising a PRO polypeptide fused to a "tag polypeptide". The tag polypeptide has enough residues to provide an epitope against which an antibody can be made, yet is short enough such that it does not interfere with activity of the polypeptide to which it is fused. The tag polypeptide preferably also is fairly unique so that the antibody does not substantially cross-react with other epitopes. Suitable tag polypeptides generally have at least six amino acid residues and usually between about 8 and 50 amino acid residues (preferably, between about 10 and 20 amino acid residues).
As used herein, the term "immunoadhesin" designates antibody-like molecules which combine the binding specificity of a heterologous protein (an "adhesin") with the effector functions of immunoglobulin constant domains. Structurally, the immunoadhesins comprise a fusion of an amino acid sequence with the desired binding specificity which is other than the antigen recognition and binding site of an antibody (i.e., is "heterologous"), and an immunoglobulin constant domain sequence. The adhesin part of an immunoadhesin molecule typically is a contiguous amino acid sequence comprising at least the binding site of a receptor or a ligand. The immunoglobulin constant domain sequence in the immunoadhesin may be obtained from any immunoglobulin, such as IgG-1, IgG-2, IgG-3, or IgG-4 subtypes, IgA (including IgA-1 and IgA-2), IgE, IgD or IgM.
"Active" or "activity" for the purposes herein refers to form(s) of a PRO polypeptide which retain a biological and/or an immunological activity of native or naturally-occurring PRO, wherein "biological" activity refers to a biological function (either inhibitory or stimulatory) caused by a native or naturally-occurring PRO other than the ability to induce the production of an antibody against an antigenic epitope possessed by a native or naturally-occurring PRO and an "immunological" activity refers to the ability to induce the production of an antibody against an antigenic epitope possessed by a native or naturally-occurring PRO. The term "antagonist" is used in the broadest sense, and includes any molecule that partially or fully blocks, inhibits, or neutralizes a biological activity of a native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein. In a similar manner, the term "agonist" is used in the broadest sense and includes any molecule that mimics a biological activity of a native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein. Suitable agonist or antagonist molecules specifically include agonist or antagonist antibodies or antibody fragments, fragments or amino acid sequence variants of native PRO polypeptides, peptides, antisense oligonucleotides, small organic molecules, etc. Methods for identifying agonists or antagonists of a PRO polypeptide may comprise contacting a PRO polypeptide with a candidate agonist or antagonist molecule and measuring a detectable change in one or more biological activities normally associated with the PRO polypeptide.
"Treatment" refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) the targeted pathologic condition or disorder. Those in need of treatment include those already with the disorder as well as those prone to have the disorder or those in whom the disorder is to be prevented.
"Chronic" administration refers to administration of the agent(s) in a continuous mode as opposed to an acute mode, so as to maintain the initial therapeutic effect (activity) for an extended period of time. "Intermittent" administration is treatment that is not consecutively done without interruption, but rather is cyclic in nature.
"Mammal" for purposes of treatment refers to any animal classified as a mammal, including humans, domestic and farm animals, and zoo, sports, or pet animals, such as dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, rabbits, etc. Preferably, the mammal is human.
Administration "in combination with" one or more further therapeutic agents includes simultaneous (concurrent) and consecutive administration in any order.
"Carriers" as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers which are nontoxic to the cell or mammal being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution. Examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEEN™, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PLURONICS™.
"Antibody fragments " comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the antigen binding or variable region of the intact antibody. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies (Zapata et al., Protein Eng. 8(10): 1057-1062 [1995]); single-chain antibody molecules; and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments. Papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen-binding fragments, called "Fab" fragments, each with a single antigen-binding site, and a residual "Fc" fragment, a designation reflecting the ability to crystallize readily. Pepsin treatment yields an F(ab')2 fragment that has two antigen-combining sites and is still capable of cross-linking antigen.
"Fv" is the minimum antibody fragment which contains a complete antigen-recognition and -binding site. This region consists of a dimer of one heavy- and one light-chain variable domain in tight, non-covalent association. It is in this configuration that the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define an antigen- binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer. Collectively, the six CDRs confer antigen-binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although at a lower affinity than the entire binding site. The Fab fragment also contains the constant domain of the light chain and the first constant domain (CHI) of the heavy chain. Fab fragments differ from Fab' fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxy terminus of the heavy chain CHI domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region. Fab'-SH is the designation herein for Fab' in wliich the cysteine residue(s) of the constant domains bear a free thiol group. F(ab')2 antibody fragments originally were produced as pairs of Fab' fragments which have hinge cysteines between them. Other chemical couplings of antibody fragments are also known.
The "light chains" of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two clearly distinct types, called kappa and lambda, based on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains.
Depending on the amino acid sequence of the constant domain of their heavy chains, immunoglobulins can be assigned to different classes. There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these maybe further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgA2. "Single-chain Fv" or "sFv" antibody fragments comprise the VH and VL domains of antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Preferably, the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the sFv to foπn the desired stmcture for antigen binding. For a review of sFv, see Pluckthun in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds., Springer- Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994). The term "diabodies" refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy-chain variable domain (VH) connected to a light-chain variable domain (VL) in the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL). By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are described more fully in, for example, EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:6444-6448 (1993).
An "isolated" antibody is one which has been identified and separated and/or recovered from a component of its natural environment. Contaminant components of its natural environment are materials which would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody, and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous or nonproteinaceous solutes. In preferred embodiments, the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 95 % by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method, and most preferably more than 99 % by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver stain. Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step.
An antibody that "specifically binds to" or is "specific for" a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide is one that binds to that particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope.
The word "label" when used herein refers to a detectable compound or composition which is conjugated directly or indirectly to the antibody so as to generate a "labeled" antibody. The label may be detectable by itself (e.g. radioisotope labels or fluorescent labels) or, in the case of an enzymatic label, may catalyze chemical alteration of a substrate compound or composition which is detectable. By "solid phase" is meant a non-aqueous matrix to which the antibody of the present invention can adhere. Examples of solid phases encompassed herein include those formed partially or entirely of glass (e.g., controlled pore glass), polysaccharides (e.g., agarose), polyacrylamides, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol and silicones. In certain embodiments, depending on the context, the solid phase can comprise the well of an assay plate; in others it is a purification column (e.g., an affinity chromatography column). This term also includes a discontinuous solid phase of discrete particles, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,275, 149.
A "liposome" is a small vesicle composed of various types of lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for delivery of a drag (such as a PRO polypeptide or antibody thereto) to a mammal. The components of the liposome are commonly arranged in a bilayer formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of biological membranes. A "small molecule" is defined herein to have a molecular weight below about 500 Daltons.
An "effective amount" of a polypeptide disclosed herein or an agonist or antagonist thereof is an amount sufficient to carry out a specifically stated purpose. An "effective amount" may be determined empirically and in a routine manner, in relation to the stated purpose.
Table 1
/*
* C-C increased from 12 to 15
* Z is average of EQ * B is average of ND
* match with stop is _M; stop-stop = 0; J (joker) match = 0 */
#defϊne _M -8 /* value of a match with a stop */ int _day[26][26] = {
/* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z */
/* A */ { 2, 0,-2, 0, 0,-4, 1,-1,-1, 0,-1,-2,-1, 0,_M, 1, 0,-2, 1, 1, 0, 0,-6, 0,-3, 0},
/* B */ { 0, 3,-4, 3, 2,-5, 0, 1,-2, 0, 0,-3,-2, 2,_M,-1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,-2,-5, 0,-3, 1},
/* C */ {-2,-4,15,-5,-5,-4,-3,-3,-2, 0,-5,-6,-5,-4,_M,-3,-5,-4, 0,-2, 0,-2,-8, 0, 0,-5}, /* D */ { 0, 3,-5, 4, 3,-6, 1, 1,-2, 0, 0,-4,-3, 2,_M,-1, 2,-1, 0, 0, 0,-2,-7, 0,-4, 2},
/* E */ { 0, 2,-5, 3, 4,-5, 0, 1,-2, 0, 0,-3,-2, 1,_M,-1, 2,-1, 0, 0, 0,-2,-7, 0,-4, 3},
/* F */ {-4,-5,-4,-6,-5, 9,-5,-2, 1, 0,-5, 2, 0,-4,_M,-5,-5,-4,-3,-3, 0,-1, 0, 0, 7,-5},
/* G */ { 1, 0,-3, 1, 0,-5, 5,-2,-3, 0,-2,-4,-3, 0,_M,-l,-l,-3, 1, 0, 0,-1,-7, 0,-5, 0},
/* H */ {-1, 1,-3, 1, 1,-2,-2, 6,-2, 0, 0,-2,-2, 2,_M, 0, 3, 2,-1,-1, 0,-2,-3, 0, 0, 2}, /* I */ {-1,-2,-2,-2,-2, 1,-3,-2, 5, 0,-2, 2, 2,-2,_M,-2,-2,-2,-l, 0, 0, 4,-5, 0,-1,-2},
1* 1 *1 { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,_M, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
/* K */ {-1, 0,-5, 0, 0,-5,-2, 0,-2, 0, 5,-3, 0, 1,_M,-1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0,-2,-3, 0,-4, 0},
/* L */ {-2,-3,-6,-4,-3, 2,-4,-2, 2, 0,-3, 6, 4,-3,_M,-3,-2,-3,-3,-l, 0, 2,-2, 0,-1,-2},
/* M */ {-1,-2,-5,-3,-2, 0,-3,-2, 2, 0, 0, 4, 6,-2,_M,-2,-l, 0,-2,-1, 0, 2,-4, 0,-2,-1}, /* N */ { 0, 2,-4, 2, 1,-4, 0, 2,-2, 0, 1,-3,-2, 2,_M,-1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,-2,-4, 0,-2, 1},
/* O */ {_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M, 0,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M,_M},
/* P */ { 1,-1,-3,-1,-1,-5,-1, 0,-2, 0,-l,-3,-2,-l,_M, 6, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,-1,-6, 0,-5, 0},
/* Q */ { 0, 1,-5, 2, 2,-5,-1, 3,-2, 0, 1,-2,-1, 1,_M, 0, 4, 1,-1,-1, 0,-2,-5, 0,-4, 3},
/* R */ {-2, 0,-4,-1,-1,-4,-3, 2,-2, 0, 3,-3, 0, 0,_M, 0, 1, 6, 0,-1, 0,-2, 2, 0,-4, 0}, /* S */ { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,-3, 1,-1,-1, 0, 0,-3,-2, 1,_M, 1,-1, 0, 2, 1, 0,-1,-2, 0,-3, 0},
/* T */ { 1, 0,-2, 0, 0,-3, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,-1,-1, 0,_M, 0,-1,-1, 1, 3, 0, 0,-5, 0,-3, 0},
/* U */ { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,_M, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
/* V */ { 0,-2,-2,-2,-2,-1,-1,-2, 4, 0,-2, 2, 2,-2,_M,-l,-2,-2,-l, 0, 0, 4,-6, 0,-2,-2},
/* W */ {-6,-5,-8,-7,-7, 0,-7,-3,-5, 0,-3,-2,-4,-4,_M,-6,-5, 2,-2,-5, 0,-6,17, 0, 0,-6}, /* X */ { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, O, O, O, O, 0,_M, O, O, O, O, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
/* Y */ {-3,-3, 0,-4,-4, 7,-5, 0,-1, 0,-4,-l,-2,-2,_M,-5,-4,-4,-3,-3, 0,-2, 0, 0,10,-4},
/* Z */ { 0, 1,-5, 2, 3,-5, 0, 2,-2, 0, 0,-2,-1, 1,_M, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,-2,-6, 0,-4, 4}
};
Table 1 (conf)
/* */
#include < stdio.h> #include < ctype.h>
#define MAXJMP 16 /* max jumps in a diag */
#define MAXGAP 24 /* don't continue to penalize gaps larger than this */
#define JMPS 1024 /* max jmps in an path */
#defιne MX 4 /* save if there's at least MX-1 bases since last jmp */
#define DMAT 3 /* value of matching bases */
#define DMIS 0 /* penalty for mismatched bases */
#defiπe DINSO 8 /* penalty for a gap */
#define DINS1 1 /* penalty per base */
#defιne PINSO 8 /* penalty for a gap */
#define PINS1 4 /* penalty per residue */ struct jmp { short n[MAXJMP]; /* size of jmp (neg for dely) */ unsigned short x[MAXJMP]; /* base no. of jmp in seq x */
}; /* limits seq to 2" 16 -1 */ struct diag { int score; /* score at last jmp */ long offset; /* offset of prev block */ short ijmp; /* current jmp index */ struct jmp jp; /* list of jmps */
}; struct path { int spe; /* number of leading spaces */ short n[JMPS]; /* size of jmp (gap) */ int x[JMPS]; /* loc of jmp (last elem before gap) */
}; char *ofile; /* output file name */ char *namex[2]; /* seq names: getseqs() */ char *prog; /* prog name for err msgs */ char *seqx[2]; /* seqs: getseqs() */ int dmax; /* best diag: nw() */ int dmaxO; /* final diag */ int dna; /* set if dna: main() */ int endgaps; /* set if penalizing end gaps */ int gapx, gapy; /* total gaps in seqs */ int lenO, lenl; /* seq lens */ int ngapx, ngapy; /* total size of gaps */ int smax; /* max score: nw() */ int *xbm; /* bitmap for matching */ long offset; /* current offset in jmp file */ struct diag *dx; /* holds diagonals */ struct path pp[2]; /* holds path for seqs */ char *calloc(), *malloc(), *index(), *strcpy(); char *getseq(), *g_calloc(); Table 1 (conf)
/* Needleman-Wunsch alignment program
* usage: progs filel fϊle2
* where filel and file2 are two dna or two protein sequences.
* The sequences can be in upper- or lower-case an may contain ambiguity
* Any lines beginning with ' ; ' , ' > ' or ' < ' are ignored
* Max file length is 65535 (limited by unsigned short x in the jmp struct)
* A sequence with 1/3 or more of its elements ACGTU is assumed to be DNA
* Output is in the file "align.out" *
* The program may create a tmp file in /tmp to hold info about traceback.
* Original version developed under BSD 4.3 on a vax 8650 */
#include "nw.h" ^include "day.h" static _dbval[26] = {
1 , 14,2, 13,0,0,4, 11 ,0,0, 12,0,3, 15,0,0,0,5,6,8,8,7,9,0, 10,0
}; static _pbval[26] = {
1, 2|(1< <('D'-'A'))|(1< <('N'-'A')), 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,
128, 256, OxFFFFFFF, 1< < 10, 1< < 11, 1< < 12, 1< < 13, 1< < 14,
1<<15, 1<<16, 1<<17, 1<<18, 1<<19, 1<<20, 1<<21, 1< <22,
1<<23, 1<<24, 1<<25|(1<<('E'-'A'))|(1<<('Q'-'A'))
};
Figure imgf000034_0001
int ac; char *av[];
{ prog = = av[0]; if(ac! = 3){ fprintf(stderr, usage: %s filel file2\n", prog); fprintf(stderr, where filel and Fιle2 are two dna or two protein sequences. \n"); fprintf(stderr, "The sequences can be in upper- or lower-case\n"); fprintf(stderr, " Any lines beginning with ';' or ' < ' are ignored\n"); fprintf(stderr, "Output is in the file \"align.out\"\n"); exit(l);
} namexfO] = av[l]; namex[l] = av[2]; seqx[0] = getseq(namex[0], &len0); seqx[l] = getseq(namex[l], &lenl); xbm = (dna)? _dbval : _pbval; endgaps = 0; /* 1 to penalize endgaps */ ofile = "align.out" /* output file */ nw(); /* fill in the matrix, get the possible jmps */ readjmps(); /* get the actual jmps */ print(); /* print stats, alignment */ cleanup(0); /* unlink any tmp files */ } Table 1 (conf)
/* do the alignment, return best score: main()
* dna: values in Fitch and Smith, PNAS, 80, 1382-1386, 1983
* pro: PAM 250 values
* When scores are equal, we prefer mismatches to any gap, prefer
* a new gap to extending an ongoing gap, and prefer a gap in seqx
* to a gap in seq y. nw() nw { char *px, *py; /* seqs and ptrs */ int *ndely, *dely; /* keep track of dely */ int ndelx, delx; /* keep track of delx */ int *tmp; /* for swapping rowO, rowl */ int mis; /* score for each type */ int insO, insl; /* insertion penalties */ register id; /* diagonal index */ register ii; /* jmp index */ register *col0, *coll; /* score for curr, last row */ register xx, yy; /* index into seqs */ dx = (struct diag *)g_calloc("to get diags", lenO+lenl + 1, sizeof(struct diag)); ndely = (int *)g_calloc("to get ndely", lenl + 1, sizeof(int)); dely = (int *)g_calloc("to get dely", lenl + 1, sizeof(int)); colO = (int *)g_caIloc("to get colO", lenl + 1, sizeof(int)); coll = (int *)g_calloc("to get coll", lenl + 1, sizeof(int)); insO = (dna)? DINS0 : PINS0; insl = (dna)? DINS1 : PINS1; smax = -10000; if (endgaps) { for (col0[0] = dely[0] = -insO, yy = 1; yy < = lenl; yy+ +) { col0[yy] = delyfyy] = col0[yy-l] - insl; ndely[yy] = yy; } co!0[0] = 0; /* Waterman Bull Math Biol 84 */ else for (yy : = 1; yy < = lenl; yy+ +) delyfyy] = -insO;
/* fill in match matrix
*/ for (px = seqx[0] , xx = 1; xx < = lenO; px+ + , xx+ +) {
/* initialize first entry in col
*/ if (endgaps) { if (χχ = = 1) coll[0] = delx = -(insO+insl); else coll[0] = delx = col0[0] - insl; ndelx = xx;
} else { coll[0] = 0; delx = -insO; ndelx = 0; Table 1 (conf)
...nw seqx[l], yy = 1; yy < = lenl; py+ + , yy+ +) { mis = col0[yy-l]; if (dna) mis + = (xbm[*px-'A']&xbm[*py-'A'])? DMAT : DMIS; else mis + = _day[*px-'A'][*py-'A'];
/* update penalty for del in x seq; * favor new del over ongong del
* ignore MAXGAP if weighting endgaps */ if (endgaps 1 1 ndely[yy] < MAXGAP) { if (col0[yy] - insO > = dely[yy]) { delyfyy] = col0[yy] - (insO+insl); ridely[yy] = 1; } else { dely[yy] -= insl; ndely[yy] + + ; }
} else { if (colOfyy] - (insO+insl) > = delyfyy]) { dely[yy] = colOfyy] - (insO+insl); ndelyfyy] = 1; } else ndely[yy] + + ; }
/* update penalty for del in y seq; * favor new del over ongong del
*/ if (endgaps 1 1 ndelx < MAXGAP) { if (coll[yy-l] - insO > = delx) { delx = coll[yy-l] - (insO+insl); ndelx = 1;
} else { delx -= insl; ndelx + + ;
} } else { if (coll[yy-l] - (insO+insl) > = delx) { delx = coll[yy-l] - (insO+insl); ndelx = 1; } else ndelx+ + ;
}
/* pick the maximum score; we're favoring
* mis over any del and delx over dely */ Table 1 (conf)
...nw id = xx - yy + lenl - 1; if (mis > = delx && mis > = delyfyy]) collfyy] = mis; else if (delx > = delyfyy]) { collfyy] = delx; ij = dx[id].ijmp; if (dx[id].jp.n[0] && (!dna 1 1 (ndelx > = MAXJMP && xx > dx[id].jp.x[ij]+MX) 1 1 mis > dxfid]. score +DINS0)) { dx[id].ijmp+ + ; if (+ +ij > = MAXJMP) { writejmps(id); ij = dxfid]. ijmp = 0; dxfid]. offset = offset; offset + = sizeof(struct jmp) + sizeof (offset);
}
} dx[id].jp.n[ij] = ndelx; dx[id].jp.x[ij] = xx; dx[id]. score = delx;
} else { collfyy] = delyfyy]; ij = dxfid]. ijmp; if (dxfid] Jp.nfO] && (!dna 1 1 (ndelyfyy] > = MAXJMP
&& xx > dx[id].jp.x[ij]+MX) 1 1 mis > dxfid]. score +DENS0)) { dx[id].ijmp+ + ; if (+ +ij > = MAXJMP) { writejmps(id); ij = dxfid]. ijmp = 0; dxfid]. offset = offset; offset += sizeof(struct jmp) + sizeof (offset); } dxfid] .jp.nfij] = -ndelyfyy]; dxfid] .jp.xfij] = xx; dxfid]. score = delyfyy];
} if (xx = = lenO && yy < lenl) { /* last col
*/ if (endgaps) collfyy] -= ins0+insl*(lenl-yy); if (collfyy] > smax) { smax = collfyy]; dmax = id; } } if (endgaps && xx < lenO) coll[yy-l] -= iπs0+insl*(len0-xx); if (coll[yy-l] > smax) { smax = coll[yy-l]; dmax = id; } tmp = colO; colO = coll; coll = tmp;
}
(void) free((char *)ndely); (void) free((char *)dely); (void) free((char *)col0)
(void) free((char *)coll) Table 1 (conf)
/* *
* printO — only routine visible outside this module * * static:
* getmatO — trace back best path, count matches: print()
* pr_align() — print alignment of described in array pfj: printO
* dumpblockO — dump a block of lines with numbers, stars: pr_align()
* nums() - put out a number line: dumpblockO * putline() — put out a line (name, [num], seq, [num]): dumpblockO
* starsO - -put a line of stars: dumpblockO
* stripnameO — strip any path and prefix from a seqname */ #include "nw.h"
#defϊne SPC 3 #define P LINE 256 /* maximum output line */ Mefine P SPC 3 /* space between name or num and seq */ extern _day[26][26]; int olen; /* set output line length */
FILE *fx; /* output file */ pprriinntt(o) print { int lx, ly, firstgap, lastgap; /* overlap */ if ((fx = fopen(ofile, "w")) = = 0) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: can't write %s\n", prog, ofile); cleanup(l);
} fprintf(fx, " < first sequence: %s (length = %d)\n", namexfO], lenO); fprintf(fx, " <second sequence: %s (length = %d)\n", namexfl], lenl); olen = 60; lx = lenO; ly = lenl; firstgap = lastgap = 0; if (dmax < lenl - 1) { /* leading gap in x */ pp[0].spc = firstgap = lenl - dmax - 1; ly -= ppfOJ.spc;
} else if (dmax > lenl - 1) { /* leading gap in y */ pp[l].spc = firstgap = dmax - (lenl - 1); lx -= pρ[l].spc;
} if (dmaxO < lenO - 1) { /* trailing gap in x */ lastgap = lenO - dmaxO -1; lx -= lastgap; } else if (dmaxO > lenO - 1) { /* trailing gap in y */ lastgap = dmaxO - (lenO - 1); ly -= lastgap; g }etmat(lx, ly, firstgap, lastgap); pr_align(); Table 1 (conf)
/*
* trace back the best path, count matches
*/ static getmau x, ly, firstgap, lastgap) getmat int lx, ly; /* "core" (minus endgaps) */ int firstgap, lastgap; /* leading trailing overlap */
{ int nm, iO, il, sizO, sizl; char outx[32]; double pet; register nO, nl; register char *p0, *pl; /* get total matches, score
*/ iO = il = sizO = sizl = 0; pO = seqxfO] + pp[l].spc; pi = seqxfl] + pp[0].spc; nO = pp[l].spc + 1; nl = pp[0].spc + 1; nm = 0; while ( *p0 && *pl ) { if (sizO) { pi + +; nl + + ; sizO— ; else if (sizl) { p0+ +; n0+ +; sizl—; else { if (xbm[*pO-'A']&xbm[*pl-'A']) nm+ + ; if (n0+ + == pp[0].x[iO]) sizO = pp[0].n[i0+ +]; if (nl + + = = pp[l].x[il]) sizl = pp[l].n[il + +]; p0 + +; pi+ +;
, »
/* pet homology:
* if penalizing endgaps, base is the shorter seq
* else, knock off overhangs and take shorter core */ if (endgaps) lx = (lenO < lenl)? lenO : lenl; else lx = (lx < ly)? lx : ly; pet = 100.*(double)nm/(double)lx; fprintf(fx, "\n"); fprintf(fx, " < %d match%s in an overlap of %d: %.2f percent similarity\n", nm, (nm == 1)? "" : "es", lx, pet); Table 1 (conf) fprintf(fx, " <gaps in first sequence: %d", gapx); .getmat if (gapx) {
(void) sprintf(outx, " (%d %s%s)", ngapx, (dna)? "base": "residue", (ngapx == 1)? "":"s"); fprintf(fx,"%s", outx); fprintf(fx, ", gaps in second sequence: %d", gapy); if (gapy) {
(void) sprintf(outx, " (%d %s%s)", ngapy, (dna)? "base": "residue", (ngapy = = 1)? "":"s"); fprintf(fx,"%s", outx);
> if (dna) fprintf(fx,
"\n< score: %d (match = %d, mismatch = %d, gap penalty = %d + %d per base)\n", smax, DMAT, DMIS, DINSO, DINS1); else fprintf(fx,
"\n<score: %d (Dayhoff PAM 250 matrix, gap penalty = %d + %d per residue)\n", smax, PINS0, PINS1); if (endgaps) fprintf(fx,
" < endgaps penalized, left endgap: %d %s%s, right endgap: %d %s%s\n", firstgap, (dna)? "base" : "residue", (firstgap == 1)? "" : "s", lastgap, (dna)? "base" : "residue", (lastgap == 1)? "" : "s"); else fprintf(fx, " < endgaps not penalized\n");
static nm; /* matches in core — for checking */ static lmax; /* lengths of stripped file names */ static ij[2]; /* jmp index for a path */ static nc[2]; /* number at start of current line */ static ni[2]; /* current elem number — for gapping */ static siz[2]; static char *ps[2]; /* ptr to current element */ static char *po[2]; /* ptr to next output char slot */ static char oouutt[[22]][[IP_LINE]; /* output line */ static char starfP ] 3]; /* set by stars() */
/*
* print alignment of described in struct path ppf]
*/ static pr_align() pr align { int nn; /* char count */ int more; register i; for (i = 0, lmax = 0; i < 2; i+ +) { nn = stripname(namex[i]); if (nn > lmax) lmax = nn; ncfi] = 1; nifi] = 1; sizfi] = ijfi] = 0; psfi] = seqxfi]; pofi] = outfi]; Table 1 (conf) for (nn = nm = 0, more = 1; more; ) { ...pr_align for (i = more = 0; i < 2; i+ +) {
/* * do we have more of this sequence?
*/ if(!*ps[i]) continue; more+ + ; if (ppW-spc) { /* leading space */ *po[i] + + = ' '; pp[i].spc~; } else if (sizfi]) { /* in a gap */ *po[i] + + = '-'; sizfi]-; else { /* we're putting a seq element
*/ *po[i] = *ps[fj; if (islower(*ps[i]))
*ps[i] = toupper(*ps[i]); po[i] + + ; ps[i] + +;
/*
* are we at next gap for this seq? */ if(ni[i]==pp[i].x[ij[i]]){ /*
* we need to merge all gaps
* at this location */ sizfi] =pp[i].n[ij[i] + +]; while (nifi] == ppfij.xfijfi]]) sizfi] += pp[i].n[ij[i] + +]; ni[i] + + ;
} } if (+ +nn = = olen 11 Imore && nn) { dumpblockO; for(i = 0;i < 2;i++) pofi] = outfi]; nn = 0; } }
/* * dump a block of lines, including numbers, stars: pr_align()
*/ static dumpblockO umpblock
{ register i; forfi = 0;i < 2;i++)
*po[i]~ = '\0'; Table 1 (conf)
...dumpblock
(void)putc('\n', fx); for(i = 0;i < 2;i++){ if'(*out[i] && (*out[i] != " 11 *(po[i]) !=' ')){ if(i==0) nums(i); if(i==0&&*out[l]) stars(); pudine(i); if(i==0&&*out[l]) fprintf(fx, star); if(i==l) nums(i); }
}
* put out a number line: < iumpblockO */ static nums(ix) nums int ix; /* index in out[] holding seq line */
{ char nline[P_LINE]; register i.j; register char *pn, *px, *py; for (pn = nline, i = 0; i < lmax+P_SPC; i++, pn++)
*pn = for (i = nc[ix], py = outfix]; *py; ρy++, pn++) { if(*p> '==" ll *py =='-')
*pn = ' '; else { if (i ιo == 011 (i == 1 &&nc[ix] ! = •1)){ j = (i < 0)? -i : i; for (px = pn; j; j /= 10, px— )
*px = j%10 + '0'; if (i < 0)
*px = '-';
} else
*pn = ' '; i+ + ;
}
}
*pn = '\0'; nc[ix] = i; for (pn = nline; *pn;pn++)
(void) putc(*pn, fx);
(void)putc('\n', fx);
/*
* put out a line (name, [num], seq, [num]): dumpblockO */ static putiine(ix) putline int ix; { Table 1 (conf)
.putline int i; register char *px; for (px = namex[ix], i = 0; *px && *px != ':'; px+ + , i+ +)
(void) putc(*px, fx); for (; i < lmax+PJSPC; i+ +)
(void) ρutc(' ', fx);
/* these count from 1:
* ni[] is current element (from 1)
* nc[] is number at start of current line */ for (px = out[ix]; *px; px+ +)
(void) putc(*px&0x7F, fx); (void) putc('\n', fx); }
/*
* put a line of stars (seqs always in out[0], out[l]): dumpblockO */ static stars() stars
{ int i; register char *p0, *pl, ex, *px; if (!*out[0] 1 1 (*out[0] = = " && *(po[0]) = = ' ') 1 1
!*out[l] 1 1 (*out[l] == ' ' && *(po[l]) == ' ')) return; px = star; for (i = lmax+P_SPC; i; i~) *px++ = ' '; for (pO = out[0], pi = out[l]; *p0 && *pl; p0+ + , pl + +) { if (isalpha(*p0) && isalpha(*pl)) { if (xbm[*p0-'A']&xbm[*pl-'A']) { ex = '*'; nm+ + ;
} else if (!dna && _day[*p0-'A'][*pl-'A'] > 0) ex = '.'; else ex = ' ';
} else ex = ' ';
*px+ + = ex;
}
*px+ + = '\n'; *px = '\0'; Table 1 (conf)
/*
* strip path or prefix from pn, return len: pr_align()
*/ static stripname(pn) Stripname char *pn; /* file name (may be path) */
{ register char *px, *py; py = 0; for (px = pn; *px; px+ +) if (*px = = V) py = px + 1; if (py) (void) strcpy(pn, py); return(strlen(pn)) ;
Table 1 (conf)
/*
* cleanupO — cleanup any tmp file
* getseq() — read in seq, set dna, len, maxlen
* g_calloc() — calloc() with error checkin
* readjmpsO — get the good jmps, from tmp file if necessary
* writejmpsO — write a filled array of jmps to a tmp file: nw() */
#include "nw.h" #include <sys/file.h> char *jname = "/tmp homgXXXXXX"; /* tmp file for jmps */
FILE *fj; int cleanupO; /* cleanup tmp file */ long lseek();
/* * remove any tmp file if we blow
*/ cleanup© cleanup int i;
{ if (fj)
(void) unlink(jname); exit(i);
}
/*
* read, return ptr to seq, set dna, len, maxlen
* skip lines starting with ';', ' < ', or ' > '
* seq in upper or lower case
*/ char * getseq(file, len) getseq char *file; /* file name */ int *len; /* seq len */
{ char line[1024], *pseq; register char *px, *py; int natgc, tlen;
RLE *Φ; if ((fp = fopen(file,"r")) = = 0) { fprintf(stderr,"%s: can't read %s\n", prog, file); exit(l);
} tlen = natgc = 0; while (fgets(line, 1024, fp)) { if (*line = = ';' | | *line = = ' < ' | | *line = = ' > ') continue; for (px = line; *px ! = '\n'; px+ +) if (isupper(*px) 1 1 islower(*px)) tlen+ + ;
> if ((pseq = malloc((unsigned)(tlen+6))) == 0) { fprintf(stderr," %s: mallocO failed to get %d bytes for %s\n", prog, tlen+6, file); exit(l);
} pseq[0] = pseq[l] = pseq[2] = pseq[3] = '\0'; Table 1 (conf)
..getseq py = pseq + 4; *len = tlen; rewind(φ); while (fgets(line, 1024, φ)) { if (*line = = ';' | | *line = = ' < ' | | *line == ' > ') continue; for (px = line; *px ! = '\n'; px+ +) { if (isupper(*ρx))
*py+ + = *px; else if (islower(*px))
*py+ + = toupper(*px); if (index("ATGCU" ,*(py-l))) natgc+ + ; > }
*py+ + = '\0'; *py = '\0'; (void) fclose(φ); dna = natgc > (tlen/3); return(pseq+4);
char * g_calloc(msg, nx, sz) g_calloc char *msg; /* program, calling routine */ int nx, sz; /* number and size of elements */
{ char *px, *calloc(); if ((px = calloc((unsigned)nx, (unsigned)sz)) = = 0) { if (*msg) { φrintf(stderr, "%s: g_calloc() failed %s (n= %d, sz= %d)\n", prog, msg, nx, sz); exit(l); } } return(px);
* get final jmps from dx[] or tmp file, set pp[], reset dmax: main()
*/ readjmpsO readjmps
{ int fd = -1; int siz, iO, il; register i, j, xx; if (© {
(void) fclose(fj); if ((fd = open(jname, 0_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) { φrintf(stderr, "%s: can't open() %s\n", prog, jname); cleanup(l); > } for (i = iO = il = 0, dmaxO = dmax, xx = lenO; ; i+ +) { while (1) { for (j = dx[dmax].ijmp; j > = 0 && dx[dmax].jp.x[j] > = xx; j-) Table 1 (conf)
...readjmps if (j < 0 && dx[dmax]. offset && fi) {
(void) lseek(fd, dx[dmax]. offset, 0); (void) read(fd, (char *)&dx[dmax].jp, sizeof(struct jmp)); (void) read(fd, (char *)&dx[dmax]. offset, sizeof (dx[dmax]. offset)); dx[dmax].ijmp = MAXJMP- 1;
} else break; } if i > = JMPS) { φrintf(stderr, " s: too many gaps in alignmentλn", prog); cleanup(l); if G > = 0) { siz = dx[dmax].jp.n[j]; xx = dx[dmax].jp.x[j]; dmax + = siz; if (siz < 0) { /* gap in second seq */ pp[l].n[il] = -siz; xx + = siz;
/* id = xx - yy + lenl - 1 */ pp[l].x[il] = xx - dmax + lenl - 1; gapy+ + ; ngapy -= siz; /* ignore MAXGAP when doing endgaps */ siz = (-siz < MAXGAP 1 1 endgaps)? -siz : MAXGAP; il + + ; } else if (siz > 0) { /* gap in first seq */ pp[0].n[i0] = siz; pp[0].x[i0] = xx; gapx+ + ; ngapx + = siz;
/* ignore MAXGAP when doing endgaps */ siz = (siz < MAXGAP 1 1 endgaps)? siz : MAXGAP; i0+ + ; } else break; } /* reverse the order of jmps
*/ for (j = 0, i0~; j < iO; j + + , i0~) { i = pp[0].n[j]; pp[0].n[j] = pp[0].n[i0]; pp[0].n[i0] = i; i = pp[0].x[j]; pp[0].x[j] = pp[0].x[i0]; pp[0].x[i0] = i; } for (j = 0, il-; j < il; j+ +, il-) { i = pp[l].n[j]; pp[l].n[j] = pp[l].n[il]; pp[l].n[il] = i; i = pp[l].x[j]; pP[l].x[j] = pp[l].x[il]; pp[l].x[il] = i; if (fd > = 0)
(void) close(fd); if (fj) {
(void) unlink(jname); fj = 0; offset = 0;
} > Table 1 (conf)
/*
* write a filled jmp struct offset of the prev one (if any): nw() */ writejmps(ix) ritejmpS int ix;
{ char *mktemp(); if (!fj) { if (mktempQ'name) < 0) { φrintf(stderr, " %s: can't mktempO %s\n", prog, jname); cleanup(l); if ((fj = fbpen(jname, "w")) == 0) { φrintf(stderr, "%s: can't write s\n", prog, jname); exit(l); } (void) fwrite((char *)&dx[ix].jp, sizeof(struct jmp), 1, fj);
(void) fwrite((char *)&dx[ix]. offset, sizeof (dx[ix]. offset), 1, fj);
Table 2
PRO XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX (Length = 15 amino acids)
Comparison Protein XXXXXYYYYYYY (Length = 12 amino acids)
% amino acid sequence identity =
(the number of identically matching amino acid residues between the two polypeptide sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide) =
5 divided by 15 = 33.3%
Table 3
PRO XXXXXXXXXX (Length = 10 amino acids)
Comparison Protein XXXXXYYYYYYZZYZ (Length = 15 amino acids)
% amino acid sequence identity =
(the number of identically matching amino acid residues between the two polypeptide sequences as determined by ALIGN-2) divided by (the total number of amino acid residues of the PRO polypeptide) =
5 divided by 10 = 50%
Table 4
PRO-DNA NNNNNNNNNNNNNN (Length = 14 nucleotides) Comparison DNA NNNNNNLLLLLLLLLL (Length = 16 nucleotides)
% nucleic acid sequence identity =
(the number of identically matching nucleotides between the two nucleic acid sequences as determined by ALIGN- 2) divided by (the total number of nucleotides of the PRO-DNA nucleic acid sequence) =
6 divided by 14 = 42.9% Table 5
PRO-DNA NNNNNNNNNNNN (Length = 12 nucleotides)
Comparison DNA NNNNLLLVV (Length = 9 nucleotides)
% nucleic acid sequence identity =
(the number of identically matching nucleotides between the two nucleic acid sequences as determined by ALIGN- 2) divided by (the total number of nucleotides of the PRO-DNA nucleic acid sequence) =
4 divided by 12 = 33.3%
II. Compositions and Methods of the Invention
A. Full-Length PRO Polypeptides
The present invention provides newly identified and isolated nucleotide sequences encoding polypeptides referred to in the present application as PRO polypeptides. In particular, cDNAs encoding various PRO polypeptides have been identified and isolated, as disclosed in further detail in the Examples below. It is noted that proteins produced in separate expression rounds may be given different PRO numbers but the UNQ number is unique for any given DNA and the encoded protein, and will not be changed. However, for sake of simplicity, in the present specification the protein encoded by the full length native nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein as well as all further native homologues and variants included in the foregoing definition of PRO, will be referred to as "PRO/number", regardless of their origin or mode of preparation.
As disclosed in the Examples below, various cDNA clones have been deposited with the ATCC. The actual nucleotide sequences of those clones can readily be determined by the skilled artisan by sequencing of the deposited clone using routine methods in the art. The predicted amino acid sequence can be determined from the nucleotide sequence using routine skill. For the PRO polypeptides and encoding nucleic acids described herein, Applicants have identified what is believed to be the reading frame best identifiable with the sequence information available at the time.
B. PRO Polypeptide Variants In addition to the full-length native sequence PRO polypeptides described herein, it is contemplated that
PRO variants can be prepared. PRO variants can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the PRO DNA, and/or by synthesis of the desired PRO polypeptide. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that amino acid changes may alter post-translational processes of the PRO, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites or altering the membrane anchoring characteristics. Variations in the native full-length sequence PRO or in various domains of the PRO described herein, can be made, for example, using any of the techniques and guidelines for conservative and non-conservative mutations set forth, for instance, in U.S. Patent No. 5,364,934. Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the PRO that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the PRO as compared with the native sequence PRO. Optionally the variation is by substitution of at least one amino acid with any other amino acid in one or more of the domains of the PRO . Guidance in deteπnining which amino acid residue may be inserted, substituted or deleted without adversely affecting the desired activity may be found by comparing the sequence of the PRO with that of homologous known protein molecules and minimizing the number of amino acid sequence changes made in regions of high homology. Amino acid substitutions can be the result of replacing one amino acid with another amino acid having similar structural and/or chemical properties, such as the replacement of a leucine with a serine, i.e. , conservative amino acid replacements. Insertions or deletions may optionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids. The variation allowed may be determined by systematically making insertions , deletions or substitutions of amino acids in the sequence and testing the resulting variants for activity exhibited by the full-length or mature native sequence.
PRO polypeptide fragments are provided herein. Such fragments may be truncated at the N-terminus or C-terminus, or may lack internal residues, for example, when compared with a full length native protein. Certain fragments lack amino acid residues that are not essential for a desired biological activity of the PRO polypeptide.
PRO fragments may be prepared by any of a number of conventional techniques. Desired peptide fragments may be chemically synthesized. An alternative approach involves generating PRO fragments by enzymatic digestion, e.g., by treating the protein with an enzyme known to cleave proteins at sites defined by particular amino acid residues, or by digesting the DNA with suitable restriction enzymes and isolating the desired fragment. Yet another suitable technique involves isolating and amplifying a DNA fragment encoding a desired polypeptide fragment, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oligonucleotides that define the desired termini of the DNA fragment are employed at the 5' and 3' primers in the PCR. Preferably, PRO polypeptide fragments share at least one biological and/or immunological activity with the native PRO polypeptide disclosed herein.
In particular embodiments, conservative substitutions of interest are shown in Table 6 under the heading of preferred substitutions. If such substitutions result in a change in biological activity, then more substantial changes, denominated exemplary substitutions in Table 6, or as further described below in reference to amino acid classes, are introduced and the products screened.
Table 6
Original Exemplary Preferred
Residue Substitutions Substitutions
Ala (A) val; leu; ile val
Arg (R) lys; gin; asn lys
Asn (N) gin; his; lys; arg gin
Asp (D) glu glu
Cys (C) ser ser
Gin (Q) asn asn
Glu (E) asp asp
Gly (G) pro; ala ala
His (H) asn; gin; lys; arg arg
He (I) leu; val; met; ala; phe; norleucine leu
Leu (L) norleucine; ile; val; met; ala; phe ile
Lys (K) arg; gin; asn arg
Met (M) leu; phe; ile leu
Phe (F) leu; val; ile; ala; tyr leu
Pro (P) ala ala
Ser (S) thr fhr
Thr (T) ser ser
Trp (W) tyr; phe tyr
Tyr (Y) trp; phe; fhr; ser phe
Val (V) ile; leu; met; phe; ala; norleucine leu
Substantial modifications in function or immunological identity of the PRO polypeptide are accomplished by selecting substitutions that differ significantly in their effect on maintaining (a) the stmcture of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain. Naturally occurring residues are divided into groups based on common side-chain properties: (1) hydrophobic: norleucine, met, ala, val, leu, ile;
(2) neutral hydrophilic: cys, ser, thr;
(3) acidic: asp, glu;
(4) basic: asn, gin, his, lys, arg;
(5) residues that influence chain orientation: gly, pro; and (6) aromatic: trp, tyr, phe.
Non-conservative substitutions will entail exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class . Such substituted residues also may be introduced into the conservative substitution sites or, more preferably, into the remaining (non-conserved) sites.
The variations can be made using methods known in the art such as oligonucleotide-mediated (site- directed) mutagenesis, alanine scanning, and PCR mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis [Carter et al., Nucl.
Acids Res.. 13:4331 (1986); Zoller et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 10:6487 (1987)], cassette mutagenesis [Wells et al., Gene. 34:315 (1985)], restriction selection mutagenesis [Wells et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London SerA, 317:415 (1986)] or other known techniques can be performed on the cloned DNA to produce the PRO variant DNA.
Scanning amino acid analysis can also be employed to identify one or more amino acids along a contiguous sequence. Among the preferred scanning amino acids are relatively small, neutral amino acids. Such amino acids include alanine, glycine, serine, and cysteine. Alanine is typically a preferred scanning amino acid among this group because it eliminates the side-chain beyond the beta-carbon and is less likely to alter the main- chain conformation of the variant [Cunningham and Wells, Science. 244: 1081-1085 (1989)]. Alanine is also typically preferred because it is the most common amino acid. Further, it is frequently found in both buried and exposed positions [Creighton, The Proteins. (W.H. Freeman & Co., N.Y.); Chothia, J. Mol. Biol.. 150:1 (1976)]. If alanine substitution does not yield adequate amounts of variant, an isoteric amino acid can be used.
C. Modifications of PRO Covalent modifications of PRO are included within the scope of this invention. One type of covalent modification includes reacting targeted amino acid residues of a PRO polypeptide with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N- or C- terminal residues of the PRO. Derivatization with bifunctional agents is useful, for instance, for crosslinking PRO to a water-insoluble support matrix or surface for use in the method for purifying anti-PRO antibodies, and vice-versa. Commonly used crosslinking agents include, e.g., l,l-bis(diazoacetyl)-2-phenylefhane, glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, for example, esters with 4-azidosalicylic acid, homobifunctional imidoesters, including disuccinimidyl esters such as 3,3 '-mMobis(succinimidylpropionate), bifunctional maleimides such as bis-N-maleimido-1 ,8-octane and agents such as methyl-3-[(p-azidophenyl)dithio]propioimidate.
Other modifications include deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues to the corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues, respectively, hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or fhreonyl residues, methylation of the α-amino groups of lysine, arginine, and histidine side chains [T.E. Creighton, Proteins: Stmcture and Molecular Properties. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, pp. 79-86 (1983)], acetylation of the N-terminal amine, and amidation of any C-terminal carboxyl group.
Another type of covalent modification of the PRO polypeptide included within the scope of this invention comprises altering the native glycosylation pattern of the polypeptide. "Altering the native glycosylation pattern" is intended for purposes herein to mean deleting one or more carbohydrate moieties found in native sequence PRO (either by removing the underlying glycosylation site or by deleting the glycosylation by chemical and/or enzymatic means), and/or adding one or more glycosylation sites that are not present in the native sequence PRO. In addition, the phrase includes qualitative changes in the glycosylation of the native proteins, involving a change in the nature and proportions of the various carbohydrate moieties present.
Addition of glycosylation sites to the PRO polypeptide may be accomplished by altering the amino acid sequence. The alteration may be made, for example, by the addition of, or substitution by, one or more serine or threonine residues to the native sequence PRO (for 0-linked glycosylation sites). The PRO amino acid sequence may optionally be altered through changes at the DNA level, particularly by mutating the DNA encoding the PRO polypeptide at preselected bases such that codons are generated that will translate into the desired amino acids.
Another means of increasing the number of carbohydrate moieties on the PRO polypeptide is by chemical or enzymatic coupling of glycosides to the polypeptide. Such methods are described in the art, e.g., in WO 87/05330 published 11 September 1987, and in Aplin and Wriston, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem.. pp. 259-306 (1981).
Removal of carbohydrate moieties present on the PRO polypeptide may be accomplished chemically or enzymatically or by mutational substitution of codons encoding for amino acid residues that serve as targets for glycosylation. Chemical deglycosylation techniques are known in the art and described, for instance, by Hakimuddin, et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophvs.. 259:52 (1987) and by Edge et al., Anal. Biochem.. 118:131 (1981). Enzymatic cleavage of carbohydrate moieties on polypeptides can be achieved by the use of a variety of endo- and exo-glycosidases as described by Thotakura et al., Meth. Enzymol., 138:350 (1987).
Another type of covalent modification of PRO comprises linking the PRO polypeptide to one of a variety of nonproteinaceous polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylenes, in the manner set forth in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337. The PRO of the present invention may also be modified in a way to form a chimeric molecule comprising
PRO fused to another, heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence.
In one embodiment, such a chimeric molecule comprises a fusion of the PRO with a tag polypeptide which provides an epitope to which an anti-tag antibody can selectively bind. The epitope tag is generally placed at the amino- or carboxyl- terminus of the PRO. The presence of such epitope-tagged forms of the PRO can be detected using an antibody against the tag polypeptide. Also, provision of the epitope tag enables the PRO to be readily purified by affinity purification using an anti-tag antibody or another type of affinity matrix that binds to the epitope tag. Various tag polypeptides and their respective antibodies are well known in the art. Examples include poly-histidine (poly-his) or poly-histidine-glycine (poly-his-gly) tags; the flu HA tag polypeptide and its antibody 12CA5 [Field et al. , Mol. Cell. Biol.. 8:2159-2165 (1988)]; the c-myc tag and the 8F9, 3C7, 6E10, G4, B7 and 9E10 antibodies thereto [Evan et al., Molecular and Cellular Biology. 5:3610-3616 (1985)]; and the Herpes Simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD) tag and its antibody [Paborsky et al., Protein Engineering. 3(6):547- 553 (1990)] . Other tag polypeptides include the Flag-peptide [Hopp et al. , BioTechnology, 6: 1204-1210 (1988)] ; the KT3 epitope peptide [Martin et al., Science. 255:192-194 (1992)]; an α-tubulin epitope peptide [Skinner et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 266:15163-15166 (1991)]; and the T7 gene 10 protein peptide tag [Lutz-Freyermuth et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:6393-6397 (1990)].
In an alternative embodiment, the chimeric molecule may comprise a fusion of the PRO with an immunoglobulin or a particular region of an immunoglobulin. For a bivalent form of the chimeric molecule (also referred to as an "immunoadhesin"), such a fusion could be to the Fc region of an IgG molecule. The Ig fusions preferably include the substitution of a soluble (transmembrane domain deleted or inactivated) form of a PRO polypeptide in place of at least one variable region within an Ig molecule. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the immunoglobulin fusion includes the hinge, CH2 and CH3, or the hinge, CHI, CH2 and CH3 regions of an IgGl molecule. For the production of immunoglobulin fusions see also US Patent No. 5,428, 130 issued June 27, 1995.
D. Preparation of PRO The description below relates primarily to production of PRO by culturing cells transformed or transfected with a vector containing PRO nucleic acid. It is, of course, contemplated that alternative methods, which are well known in the art, may be employed to prepare PRO. For instance, the PRO sequence, or portions thereof, may be produced by direct peptide synthesis using solid-phase techniques [see, e.g., Stewart et al. , Solid- Phase Peptide Synthesis. W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, CA (1969); Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 85:2149-2154 (1963)]. In vitro protein synthesis may be performed using manual techniques or by automation. Automated synthesis may be accomplished, for instance, using an Applied Biosystems Peptide Synthesizer (Foster City, CA) using manufacturer's instructions. Various portions of the PRO may be chemically synthesized separately and combined using chemical or enzymatic methods to produce the full-length PRO.
1. Isolation of DNA Encoding PRO
DNA encoding PRO may be obtained from a cDNA library prepared from tissue believed to possess the PRO mRNA and to express it at a detectable level. Accordingly, human PRO DNA can be conveniently obtained from a cDNA library prepared from human tissue, such as described in the Examples. The PRO-encoding gene may also be obtained from a genomic library or by known synthetic procedures (e.g., automated nucleic acid synthesis).
Libraries can be screened with probes (such as antibodies to the PRO or oligonucleotides of at least about 20-80 bases) designed to identify the gene of interest or the protein encoded by it. Screening the cDNA or genomic library with the selected probe may be conducted using standard procedures, such as described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989). An alternative means to isolate the gene encoding PRO is to use PCR methodology [Sambrook et al., supra: Dieffenbach et al., PCR Primer: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1995)]. The Examples below describe techniques for screening a cDNA library. The oligonucleotide sequences selected as probes should be of sufficient length and sufficiently unambiguous that false positives are minimized. The oligonucleotide is preferably labeled such that it can be detected upon hybridization to DNA in the library being screened. Methods of labeling are well known in the art, and include the use of radiolabels like 32P-labeled ATP, biotinylation or enzyme labeling. Hybridization conditions, including moderate stringency and high stringency, are provided in Sambrook et al., supra.
Sequences identified in such library screening methods can be compared and aligned to other known sequences deposited and available in public databases such as GenBank or other private sequence databases. Sequence identity (at either the amino acid or nucleotide level) within defined regions of the molecule or across the full-length sequence can be determined using methods known in the art and as described herein. Nucleic acid having protein coding sequence may be obtained by screening selected cDNA or genomic libraries using the deduced amino acid sequence disclosed herein for the first time, and, if necessary, using conventional primer extension procedures as described in Sambrook et al., supra, to detect precursors and processing intermediates of mRNA that may not have been reverse-transcribed into cDNA.
2. Selection and Transformation of Host Cells
Host cells are transfected or transformed with expression or cloning vectors described herein for PRO production and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for inducing promoters, selecting transformants, or amplifying the genes encoding the desired sequences. The culture conditions, such as media, temperature, pH and the like, can be selected by the skilled artisan without undue experimentation. In general, principles, protocols, and practical techniques for maximizing the productivity of cell cultures can be found in Mammalian Cell Biotechnology: a Practical Approach, M. Butler, ed. (IRL Press, 1991) and Sambrook et al., supra. Methods of eukaryotic cell transfection and prokaryotic cell transformation are known to the ordinarily skilled artisan, for example, CaCl2, CaP04, liposome-mediated and electroporation. Depending on the host cell used, transformation is performed using standard techniques appropriate to such cells. The calcium treatment employing calcium chloride, as described in Sambrook et al., supra, or electroporation is generally used for prokaryotes. Infection with Ag obacterium tumefaciens is used for transformation of certain plant cells, as described by Shaw et al. , Gene, 23:315 (1983) and WO 89/05859 published 29 June 1989. For mammalian cells without such cell walls, the calcium phosphate precipitation method of Graham and van der Eb, Virology.52:456- 457 (1978) can be employed. General aspects of mammalian cell host system transfections have been described in U.S. Patent No. 4,399,216. Transformations into yeast are typically carried out according to the method of Van Solingen et al., J. Bact.. 130:946 (1977) and Hsiao et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 76:3829 (1979). However, other methods for introducing DNA into cells, such as by nuclear microinjection, electroporation, bacterial protoplast fusion with intact cells, or polycations, e.g. , polybrene, polyornithine, may also be used. For various techniques for transforming mammalian cells, see Keown et al., Methods in Enzymology, 185:527-537 (1990) and Mansour et al., Nature. 336:348-352 (1988).
Suitable host cells for cloning or expressing the DNA in the vectors herein include prokaryote, yeast, or higher eukaryote cells. Suitable prokaryotes include but are not limited to eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli. Various E. coli strains are publicly available, such as E. coli K12 strain MM294 (ATCC 31,446); E. coli X1776 (ATCC 31,537); E. coli strain W3110 (ATCC 27,325) and K5 772 (ATCC 53,635). Other suitable prokaryotic host cells include Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia, e.g., E. coli, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia, e.g., Serratia marcescans, and Shigella, as well as Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (e.g., B. licheniformis 41P disclosed in DD 266,710 published 12 April 1989), Pseudomonas such as P. aeruginosa, and Streptomyces. These examples are illustrative rather than limiting. Strain W3110 is one particularly preferred host or parent host because it is a common host strain for recombinant DNA product fermentations. Preferably, the host cell secretes minimal amounts of proteolytic enzymes. For example, strain W3110 may be modified to effect a genetic mutation in the genes encoding proteins endogenous to the host, with examples of such hosts including E. coli W3110 strain 1A2, which has the complete genotype tonA ; E. coli W3110 strain 9E4, which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3; E. coli W3110 strain 27C7 (ATCC 55,244), which has the complete genotype tonA ptr3 phoA E15 (argF-lac)169 degP ompTkanr; E. coli W3110 strain 37D6, which has the complete genotype tonAptr3phoA El 5 (argF-lac)169 degP ompT rbs7 ilvG kan ; E. coli W3110 strain 40B4, which is strain 37D6 with a non-kanamycin resistant degP deletion mutation; and an E. coli strain having mutant periplasmic protease disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,946,783 issued 7 August 1990. Alternatively, in vitro methods of cloning, e.g., PCR or other nucleic acid polymerase reactions, are suitable. In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast are suitable cloning or expression hosts for PRO-encoding vectors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a commonly used lower eukaryotic host microorganism. Others include Schizosaccharomycespom.be (Beach and Nurse, Nature. 290: 140 [1981]; EP 139,383 published 2 May 1985); Kluyveromyces hosts (U.S. Patent No. 4,943,529; Fleer et al., Bio/Technology. 9:968-975 (1991)) such as, e.g., K. lactis (MW98-8C, CBS683, CBS4574; Louvencourt et al., J. Bacteriol.. 154(2):737-742 [1983]), K. fragilis (ATCC 12,424), K. bulgaricus (ATCC 16,045), K. wickeramii (ATCC 24,178), K. waltii (ATCC 56,500), K. drosophilarum (ATCC 36,906; Van den Berg et al., Bio/Technology. 8:135 (1990)), K. thetmotolerans, and K. marxianus; yarrowia (EP 402,226); Pichia pastoήs (EP 183,070; Sreekrishna et al., J. Basic Microbiol., 28:265-278 [1988]); Candida; Trichoderma reesia (EP 244,234); Neurospora crassa (Case et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 76:5259-5263 [1979]); Schwanniomyces such as Schwanniomyces occidentalis (EP 394,538 published 31 October 1990); and filamentous fungi such as, e.g., Neurospora, Penicillium, Tolypocladium (WO 91/00357 published 10 January 1991), and Aspergillus hosts such as A. nidulans (Ballance et al., Biochem. Biophvs. Res. Commun.. 112:284-289 [1983]; Tilburn et al., Gene. 26:205-221 [1983]; Yelton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81: 1470-1474 [1984]) and . niger (Kelly and Hynes, EMBO J.. 4:475-479 [1985]). Methylotropic yeasts are suitable herein and include, but are not limited to, yeast capable of growth on methanol selected from the genera consisting of Hansenula, Candida, Kloeckera, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, and Rhodotorula. A list of specific species that are exemplary of this class of yeasts may be found in C. Anthony, The Biochemistry of Mefhylotrophs. 269 (1982).
Suitable host cells for the expression of glycosylated PRO are derived from multicellular organisms. Examples of invertebrate cells include insect cells such as Drosophila S2 and Spodoptera Sf9, as well as plant cells . Examples of useful mammalian host cell lines include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and COS cells . More specific examples include monkey kidney CV1 line transformed by SV40 (COS-7, ATCC CRL 1651); human embryonic kidney line (293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture, Graham et al. , J. Gen Virol., 36:59 (1977)); Chinese hamster ovary cells/-DHFR (CHO, Urlaub and Chasin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:4216 (1980)); mouse sertoli cells (TM4, Mather, Biol. Reprod., 23:243-251 (1980)); human lung cells (W138, ATCC CCL 75); human liver cells (Hep G2, HB 8065); and mouse mammary tumor (MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51). The selection of the appropriate host cell is deemed to be within the skill in the art.
3. Selection and Use of a Replicable Vector
The nucleic acid (e.g. , cDNA or genomic DNA) encoding PRO may be inserted into a replicable vector for cloning (amplification of the DNA) or for expression. Various vectors are publicly available. The vector may, for example, be in the form of a plasmid, cosmid, viral particle, or phage. The appropriate nucleic acid sequence may be inserted into the vector by a variety of procedures. In general, DNA is inserted into an appropriate restriction endonuclease site(s) using techniques known in the art. Vector components generally include, but are not limited to, one or more of a signal sequence, an origin of replication, one or more marker genes, an enhancer element, a promoter, and a transcription termination sequence. Construction of suitable vectors containing one or more of these components employs standard ligation techniques which are known to the skilled artisan. The PRO may be produced recombinanfly not only directly, but also as a fusion polypeptide with a heterologous polypeptide, which may be a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the N-terminus of the mature protein or polypeptide. In general, the signal sequence may be a component of the vector, or it may be a part of the PRO-encoding DNA that is inserted into the vector. The signal sequence may be a prokaryotic signal sequence selected, for example, from the group of the alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, lpp, or heat-stable enterotoxin II leaders. For yeast secretion the signal sequence may be, e.g. , the yeast invertase leader, alpha factor leader (including Saccharomyces sn&Kluyveromyces α-factor leaders, the latter described in U.S. Patent No. 5,010,182), or acid phosphatase leader, the C. albicans glucoamylase leader (EP 362,179 published 4 April 1990), or the signal described in WO 90/13646 published 15 November 1990. In mammalian cell expression, mammalian signal sequences may be used to direct secretion of the protein, such as signal sequences from secreted polypeptides of the same or related species, as well as viral secretory leaders.
Both expression and cloning vectors contain a nucleic acid sequence that enables the vector to replicate in one or more selected host cells. Such sequences are well known for a variety of bacteria, yeast, and viruses.
The origin of replication from the plasmid pBR322 is suitable for most Gram-negative bacteria, the 2μ plasmid origin is suitable for yeast, and various viral origins (SV40, polyoma, adenoviras, VSV or BPV) are useful for cloning vectors in mammalian cells.
Expression and cloning vectors will typically contain a selection gene, also termed a selectable marker. Typical selection genes encode proteins that (a) confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxins, e.g., ampicillin, neomycin, methotrexate, or tetracycline, (b) complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or (c) supply critical nutrients not available from complex media, e.g., the gene encoding D-alanine racemase for Bacilli. An example of suitable selectable markers for mammalian cells are those that enable the identification of cells competent to take up the PRO-encoding nucleic acid, such as DHFR or thymidine kinase. An appropriate host cell when wild-type DHFR is employed is the CHO cell line deficient in DHFR activity, prepared and propagated as described by Urlaub et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:4216 (1980). A suitable selection gene for use in yeast is the trpl gene present in the yeast plasmid YRp7 [Stinchcomb et al., Nature. 282:39 (1979); Kingsman et al., Gene. 7:141 (1979); Tschemper et al., Gene, 10:157 (1980)]. The trpl gene provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in tryptophan, for example, ATCC No. 44076 or PEP4-1 [Jones, Genetics. 85:12 (1977)].
Expression and cloning vectors usually contain a promoter operably linked to the PRO-encoding nucleic acid sequence to direct mRNA synthesis. Promoters recognized by a variety of potential host cells are well known. Promoters suitable for use with prokaryotic hosts include the β-lactamase and lactose promoter systems [Chang et al., Nature, 275:615 (1978); Goeddel et al., Nature. 281:544 (1979)], alkaline phosphatase, a tryptophan (trp) promoter system [Goeddel, Nucleic Acids Res.. 8:4057 (1980); EP 36,776], and hybrid promoters such as the tac promoter [deBoer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 80:21-25 (1983)]. Promoters for use in bacterial systems also will contain a Shine-Dalgarno (S.D.) sequence operably linked to the DNA encoding PRO.
Examples of suitable promoting sequences for use with yeast hosts include the promoters for 3- phosphoglycerate kinase [Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 255:2073 (1980)] or other glycolytic enzymes [Hess et al., J. Adv. Enzyme Reg.. 7:149 (1968); Holland, Biochemistry. 17:4900 (1978)], such as enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pymvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6- phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyravate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucokinase.
Other yeast promoters, which are inducible promoters having the additional advantage of transcription controlled by growth conditions, are the promoter regions for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, isocytochrome C, acid phosphatase, degradative enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, metallothionein, glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase, and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose utilization. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are further described in EP 73,657.
PRO transcription from vectors in mammalian host cells is controlled, for example, by promoters obtained from the genomes of viruses such as polyoma viras, fowlpox virus (UK 2,211,504 published 5 July
1989), adenoviras (such as Adenovirus 2), bovine papilloma virus, avian sarcoma viras, cytomegalovirus, a retrovirus, hepatitis-B vims and Simian Virus 40 (SV40), from heterologous mammalian promoters, e.g., the actin promoter or an immunoglobulin promoter, and from heat-shock promoters, provided such promoters are compatible with the host cell systems. Transcription of a DNA encoding the PRO by higher eukaryotes may be increased by inserting an enhancer sequence into the vector. Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA, usually about from 10 to 300 bp, that act on a promoter to increase its transcription. Many enhancer sequences are now known from mammalian genes (globin, elastase, albumin, cc-fetoprotein, and insulin). Typically, however, one will use an enhancer from a eukaryotic cell virus. Examples include the SV40 enhancer on the late side of the replication origin (bp 100- 270), the cytomegalovims early promoter enhancer, the polyoma enhancer on the late side of the replication origin, and adenoviras enhancers. The enhancer may be spliced into the vector at a position 5' or 3' to the PRO coding sequence, but is preferably located at a site 5' from the promoter.
Expression vectors used in eukaryotic host cells (yeast, fungi, insect, plant, animal, human, or nucleated cells from other multicellular organisms) will also contain sequences necessary for the termination of transcription and for stabilizing the mRNA. Such sequences are commonly available from the 5' and, occasionally 3', untranslated regions of eukaryotic or viral DNAs or cDNAs. These regions contain nucleotide segments transcribed as polyadenylated fragments in the untranslated portion of the mRNA encoding PRO.
Still other methods, vectors, and host cells suitable for adaptation to the synthesis of PRO in recombinant vertebrate cell culture are described in Gefhing et al.. Nature, 293:620-625 (1981); Mantei et al.. Nature, 281:40- 46 (1979); EP 117,060; and EP 117,058. 4. Detecting Gene Amplification/Expression
Gene amplification and/or expression may be measured in a sample directly, for example, by conventional Southern blotting, Northern blotting to quantitate the transcription of mRNA [Thomas, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:5201-5205 (1980)], dot blotting (DNA analysis), or in situ hybridization, using an appropriately labeled probe, based on the sequences provided herein. Alternatively, antibodies may be employed that can recognize specific duplexes, including DNA duplexes, RNA duplexes, and DNA-RNA hybrid duplexes or DNA-protein duplexes. The antibodies in turn may be labeled and the assay may be carried out where the duplex is bound to a surface, so that upon the formation of duplex on the surface, the presence of antibody bound to the duplex can be detected.
Gene expression, alternatively, may be measured by immunological methods, such as immunohistochemical staining of cells or tissue sections and assay of cell culture or body fluids, to quantitate directly the expression of gene product. Antibodies useful for immunohistochemical staining and/or assay of sample fluids may be either monoclonal or polyclonal, and may be prepared in any mammal. Conveniently, the antibodies may be prepared against a native sequence PRO polypeptide or against a synthetic peptide based on the DNA sequences provided herein or against exogenous sequence fused to PRO DNA and encoding a specific antibody epitope.
5. Purification of Polypeptide
Forms of PRO may be recovered from culture medium or from host cell lysates. If membrane-bound, it can be released from the membrane using a suitable detergent solution (e.g. Triton-X 100) or by enzymatic cleavage. Cells employed in expression of PRO can be disrupted by various physical or chemical means, such as freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical dismption, or cell lysing agents.
It may be desired to purify PRO from recombinant cell proteins or polypeptides. The following procedures are exemplary of suitable purification procedures : by fractionation on an ion-exchange column; ethanol precipitation; reverse phase HPLC; chromatography on silica or on a cation-exchange resin such as DEAE; chromatofocusing; SDS-PAGE; ammonium sulfate precipitation; gel filtration using, for example, Sephadex G-75; protein A Sepharose columns to remove contaminants such as IgG; and metal chelating columns to bind epitope- tagged forms of the PRO . Various methods of protein purification may be employed and such methods are known in the art and described for example in Deutscher, Methods in Enzvmology, 182 (1990); Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, Springer- Verlag, New York (1982). The purification step(s) selected will depend, for example, on the nature of the production process used and the particular PRO produced.
E. Uses for PRO Nucleotide sequences (or their complement) encoding PRO have various applications in the art of molecular biology, including uses as hybridization probes, in chromosome and gene mapping and in the generation of anti-sense RNA and DNA. PRO nucleic acid will also be useful for the preparation of PRO polypeptides by the recombinant techniques described herein.
The full-length native sequence PRO gene, or portions thereof, may be used as hybridization probes for a cDNA library to isolate the full-length PRO cDNA or to isolate still other cDNAs (for instance, those encoding naturally-occurring variants of PRO or PRO from other species) which have a desired sequence identity to the native PRO sequence disclosed herein. Optionally, the length of the probes will be about 20 to about 50 bases. The hybridization probes may be derived from at least partially novel regions of the full length native nucleotide sequence wherein those regions may be determined without undue experimentation or from genomic sequences including promoters, enhancer elements and introns of native sequence PRO. By way of example, a screening method will comprise isolating the coding region of the PRO gene using the known DNA sequence to synthesize a selected probe of about 40 bases. Hybridization probes may be labeled by a variety of labels, including radionucleotides such as 32P or 35S, or enzymatic labels such as alkaline phosphatase coupled to the probe via avidin/biotin coupling systems. Labeled probes having a sequence complementary to that of the PRO gene of the present invention can be used to screen libraries of human cDNA, genomic DNA or mRNA to determine which members of such libraries the probe hybridizes to. Hybridization techniques are described in further detail in the Examples below.
Any EST sequences disclosed in the present application may similarly be employed as probes, using the methods disclosed herein. Other useful fragments of the PRO nucleic acids include antisense or sense oligonucleotides comprising a singe-stranded nucleic acid sequence (either RNA or DNA) capable of binding to target PRO mRNA (sense) or PRO DNA (antisense) sequences. Antisense or sense oligonucleotides, according to the present invention, comprise a fragment of the coding region of PRO DNA. Such a fragment generally comprises at least about 14 nucleotides, preferably from about 14 to 30 nucleotides. The ability to derive an antisense or a sense oligonucleotide, based upon a cDNA sequence encoding a given protein is described in, for example, Stein and Cohen (Cancer Res. 48:2659, 1988) and van der Krol et al. (BioTechniques 6:958, 1988).
Binding of antisense or sense oligonucleotides to target nucleic acid sequences results in the formation of duplexes that block transcription or translation of the target sequence by one of several means, including enhanced degradation of the duplexes, premature termination of transcription or translation, or by other means. The antisense oligonucleotides thus may be used to block expression of PRO proteins. Antisense or sense oligonucleotides further comprise oligonucleotides having modified sugar-phosphodiester backbones (or other sugar linkages, such as those described in WO 91/06629) and wherein such sugar linkages are resistant to endogenous nucleases. Such oligonucleotides with resistant sugar linkages are stable in vivo (i.e., capable of resisting enzymatic degradation) but retain sequence specificity to be able to bind to target nucleotide sequences. Other examples of sense or antisense oligonucleotides include those oligonucleotides which are covalently linked to organic moieties, such as those described in WO 90/10048, and other moieties that increases affinity of the oligonucleotide for a target nucleic acid sequence, such as poly-(L-lysine). Further still, intercalating agents, such as ellipticine, and alkylating agents or metal complexes may be attached to sense or antisense oligonucleotides to modify binding specificities of die antisense or sense oligonucleotide for the target nucleotide sequence.
Antisense or sense oligonucleotides may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence by any gene transfer method, including, for example, CaP04-mediated DNA transfection, electroporation, or by using gene transfer vectors such as Epstein-Barr viras. In a preferred procedure, an antisense or sense oligonucleotide is inserted into a suitable retroviral vector. A cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence is contacted with the recombinant retroviral vector, either in vivo or ex vivo. Suitable retroviral vectors include, but are not limited to, those derived from the murine retrovirus M-MuLV, N2 (a retrovirus derived from M-MuLV), or the double copy vectors designated DCT5A, DCT5B and DCT5C (see WO 90/13641).
Sense or antisense oligonucleotides also may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleotide sequence by formation of a conjugate with a ligand binding molecule, as described in WO 91/04753. Suitable ligand binding molecules include, but are not limited to, cell surface receptors, growth factors, other cytokines, or other ligands that bind to cell surface receptors. Preferably, conjugation of the ligand binding molecule does not substantially interfere with the ability of the ligand binding molecule to bind to its corresponding molecule or receptor, or block entry of the sense or antisense oligonucleotide or its conjugated version into the cell.
Alternatively, a sense or an antisense oligonucleotide may be introduced into a cell containing the target nucleic acid sequence by formation of an oligonucleotide-lipid complex, as described in WO 90/10448. The sense or antisense oligonucleotide-lipid complex is preferably dissociated within the cell by an endogenous lipase. Antisense or sense RNA or DNA molecules are generally at least about 5 bases in length, about 10 bases in length, about 15 bases in length, about 20 bases in length, about 25 bases in length, about 30 bases in length, about 35 bases in length, about 40 bases in length, about 45 bases in length, about 50 bases in length, about 55 bases in length, about 60 bases in length, about 65 bases in length, about 70 bases in length, about 75 bases in length, about 80 bases in length, about 85 bases in length, about 90 bases in length, about 95 bases in length, about 100 bases in length, or more.
The probes may also be employed in PCR techniques to generate a pool of sequences for identification of closely related PRO coding sequences.
Nucleotide sequences encoding a PRO can also be used to construct hybridization probes for mapping the gene which encodes that PRO and for the genetic analysis of individuals with genetic disorders. The nucleotide sequences provided herein may be mapped to a chromosome and specific regions of a chromosome using known techniques, such as in situ hybridization, linkage analysis against known chromosomal markers, and hybridization screening with libraries.
When the coding sequences for PRO encode a protein which binds to another protein (example, where the PRO is a receptor), the PRO can be used in assays to identify the other proteins or molecules involved in the binding interaction. By such methods, inhibitors of the receptor/ligand binding interaction can be identified. Proteins involved in such binding interactions can also be used to screen for peptide or small molecule inhibitors or agonists of the binding interaction. Also, the receptor PRO can be used to isolate correlative ligand(s). Screening assays can be designed to find lead compounds that mimic the biological activity of a native PRO or a receptor for PRO. Such screening assays will include assays amenable to high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, making them particularly suitable for identifying small molecule drag candidates. Small molecules contemplated include synthetic organic or inorganic compounds. The assays can be performed in a variety of formats, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical screening assays, immunoassays and cell based assays, which are well characterized in the art.
Nucleic acids which encode PRO or its modified forms can also be used to generate either transgenic animals or "knock out" animals which, in turn, are useful in the development and screening of therapeutically useful reagents. A transgenic animal (e.g., a mouse or rat) is an animal having cells that contain a transgene, which transgene was introduced into the animal or an ancestor of the animal at a prenatal, e.g., an embryonic stage. A transgene is a DNA which is integrated into the genome of a cell from which a transgenic animal develops. In one embodiment, cDNA encoding PRO can be used to clone genomic DNA encoding PRO in accordance with established techniques and the genomic sequences used to generate transgenic animals that contain cells which express DNA encoding PRO. Methods for generating transgenic animals, particularly animals such as mice or rats, have become conventional in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,736,866 and 4,870,009. Typically, particular cells would be targeted for PRO transgene incorporation with tissue-specific enhancers. Transgenic animals that include a copy of a transgene encoding PRO introduced into the germ line of the animal at an embryomc stage can be used to examine the effect of increased expression of DNA encoding PRO. Such animals can be used as tester animals for reagents thought to confer protection from, for example, pathological conditions associated with its overexpression. In accordance with this facet of the invention, an animal is treated with the reagent and a reduced incidence of the pathological condition, compared to untreated animals bearing the transgene, would indicate a potential therapeutic intervention for the pathological condition.
Alternatively, non-human homologues of PRO can be used to constmct a PRO "knock out" animal which has a defective or altered gene encoding PRO as a result of homologous recombination between the endogenous gene encoding PRO and altered genomic DNA encoding PRO introduced into an embryonic stem cell of the animal. For example, cDNA encoding PRO can be used to clone genomic DNA encoding PRO in accordance with established techniques. A portion of the genomic DNA encoding PRO can be deleted or replaced with another gene, such as a gene encoding a selectable marker which can be used to monitor integration. Typically, several kilobases of unaltered flanking DNA (both at the 5' and 3' ends) are included in the vector [see e.g., Thomas and Capecchi, Cell, 51:503 (1987) for a description of homologous recombination vectors]. The vector is introduced into an embryonic stem cell line (e.g., by electroporation) and cells in which the introduced DNA has homologously recombined with the endogenous DNA are selected [see e.g., Li et al., Cell. 69:915 (1992)]. The selected cells are then injected into a blastocyst of an animal (e.g., a mouse or rat) to form aggregation chimeras [see e.g., Bradley, in Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stem Cells: A Practical Approach, E. J. Robertson, ed. (IRL, Oxford, 1987), pp. 113-152]. A chimeric embryo can then be implanted into a suitable pseudopregnant female foster animal and the embryo brought to term to create a "knock out" animal. Progeny harboring the homologously recombined DNA in their germ cells can be identified by standard techniques and used to breed animals in which all cells of the animal contain the homologously recombined DNA. Knockout animals can be characterized for instance, for their ability to defend against certain pathological conditions and for their development of pathological conditions due to absence of the PRO polypeptide.
Nucleic acid encoding the PRO polypeptides may also be used in gene therapy. In gene therapy applications, genes are introduced into cells in order to achieve in vivo synthesis of a therapeutically effective genetic product, for example for replacement of a defective gene. "Gene therapy" includes both conventional gene therapy where a lasting effect is achieved by a single treatment, and the administration of gene therapeutic agents, which involves the one time or repeated administration of a therapeutically effective DNA or mRNA. Antisense RNAs and DNAs can be used as therapeutic agents for blocking the expression of certain genes in vivo. It has already been shown that short antisense oligonucleotides can be imported into cells where they act as inhibitors, despite their low intracellular concentrations caused by their restricted uptake by the cell membrane. (Zamecnik et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:4143-4146 [1986]). The oligonucleotides can be modified to enhance their uptake, e.g. by substituting their negatively charged phosphodiester groups by uncharged groups. There are a variety of techniques available for introducing nucleic acids into viable cells. The techniques vary depending upon whether the nucleic acid is transferred into cultured cells in vitro, or in vivo in the cells of the intended host. Techniques suitable for the transfer of nucleic acid into mammalian cells in vitro include the use of liposomes, electroporation, microinjection, cell fusion, DEAE-dextran, the calcium phosphate precipitation method, etc. The currently preferred in vivo gene transfer techniques include transfection with viral (typically retroviral) vectors and viral coat protein-liposome mediated transfection (Dzau et al. , Trends in Biotechnology 11, 205-210 [1993]). In some situations it is desirable to provide the nucleic acid source with an agent that targets the target cells, such as an antibody specific for a cell surface membrane protein or the target cell, a ligand for a receptor on the target cell, etc. Where liposomes are employed, proteins which bind to a cell surface membrane protein associated with endocytosis may be used for targeting and/or to facilitate uptake, e.g. capsid proteins or fragments thereof tropic for a particular cell type, antibodies for proteins wliich undergo internalization in cycling, proteins that target intracellular localization and enhance intracellular half-life. The technique of receptor- mediated endocytosis is described, for example, by Wu et al. , J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4429-4432 (1987); and Wagner et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 3410-3414 (1990). For review of gene marking and gene therapy protocols see Anderson et al., Science 256, 808-813 (1992).
The PRO polypeptides described herein may also be employed as molecular weight markers for protein electrophoresis purposes and the isolated nucleic acid sequences may be used for recombinanfiy expressing those markers.
The nucleic acid molecules encoding the PRO polypeptides or fragments thereof described herein are useful for chromosome identification. In this regard, there exists an ongoing need to identify new chromosome markers, since relatively few chromosome marking reagents, based upon actual sequence data are presently available. Each PRO nucleic acid molecule of the present invention can be used as a chromosome marker. The PRO polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules of the present invention may also be used diagnostically for tissue typing, wherein the PRO polypeptides of the present invention may be differentially expressed in one tissue as compared to another, preferably in a diseased tissue as compared to a normal tissue of the same tissue type. PRO nucleic acid molecules will find use for generating probes for PCR, Northern analysis, Southern analysis and Western analysis. The PRO polypeptides described herein may also be employed as therapeutic agents. The PRO polypeptides of the present invention can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmaceutically useful compositions, whereby the PRO product hereof is combined in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier vehicle. Therapeutic formulations are prepared for storage by mixing the active ingredient having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition. Osol, A. Ed. (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin or irnmunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEEN™, PLURONICS™ or PEG.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes, prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution.
Therapeutic compositions herein generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle. The route of administration is in accord with known methods, e.g. injection or infusion by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral, intramuscular, intraocular, intraarterial or intralesional routes, topical administration, or by sustained release systems.
Dosages and desired drag concentrations of pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may vary depending on the particular use envisioned. The determination of the appropriate dosage or route of administration is well within the skill of an ordinary physician. Animal experiments provide reliable guidance for the determination of effective doses for human therapy. Interspecies scaling of effective doses can be performed following the principles laid down by Mordenti, J. and Chappell, W. "The use of interspecies scaling intoxicokinetics" InToxicokinetics and New Drag Development, Yacobietal., Eds., Pergamon Press, New York 1989, pp. 42-96. When in vivo achninistration of a PRO polypeptide or agonist or antagonist thereof is employed, normal dosage amounts may vary from about 10 ng/kg to up to 100 mg/kg of mammal body weight or more per day, preferably about 1 μg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day, depending upon the route of administration. Guidance as to particular dosages and methods of delivery is provided in the literature; see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,657,760; 5,206,344; or 5,225,212. It is anticipated that different formulations will be effective for different treatment compounds and different disorders, that administration targeting one organ or tissue, for example, may necessitate delivery in a manner different from that to another organ or tissue.
Where sustained-release administration of a PRO polypeptide is desired in a formulation with release characteristics suitable for the treatment of any disease or disorder requiring administration of the PRO polypeptide, microencapsulation of the PRO polypeptide is contemplated. Microencapsulation of recombinant proteins for sustained release has been successfully performed with human growth hormone (rhGH), interferon- (rhlFN- ), interleukin-2, and MN rgpl20. Johnson et al., Nat. Med.. 2:795-799 (1996); Yasuda, Biomed. Ther.. 27: 1221-1223 (1993); Hora et al. , Bio/Technology. 8:755-758 (1990); Cleland, "Design and Production of Single Immunization Vaccines Using Polylactide Polyglycolide Microsphere Systems, " in Vaccine Design: The Subunit and Adjuvant Approach. Powell and Newman, eds, (Plenum Press: New York, 1995), pp. 439-462; WO 97/03692, WO 96/40072, WO 96/07399; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,010.
The sustained-release formulations of these proteins were developed using poly-lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA) polymer due to its biocompatibility and wide range of biodegradable properties . The degradation products of PLGA, lactic and glycolic acids, can be cleared quickly within the human body. Moreover, the degradability of this polymer can be adjusted from months to years depending on its molecular weight and composition. Lewis , "Controlled release of bioactive agents from lactide/glycolide polymer," in: M. Chasin and R. Langer (Eds.), Biodegradable Polymers as Drag Delivery Systems (Marcel Dekker: New York, 1990), pp. 1-41.
This invention encompasses methods of screening compounds to identify those that mimic the PRO polypeptide (agonists) or prevent the effect of the PRO polypeptide (antagonists) . Screening assays for antagonist drag candidates are designed to identify compounds that bind or complex with the PRO polypeptides encoded by the genes identified herein, or otherwise interfere with the interaction of the encoded polypeptides with other cellular proteins. Such screening assays will include assays amenable to high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, making them particularly suitable for identifying small molecule drag candidates. The assays can be performed in a variety of formats, including protein-protein binding assays, biochemical screening assays, immunoassays, and cell-based assays, which are well characterized in the art.
All assays for antagonists are common in that they call for contacting the drug candidate with a PRO polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid identified herein under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow these two components to interact. In binding assays, the interaction is binding and the complex formed can be isolated or detected in the reaction mixture. In a particular embodiment, the PRO polypeptide encoded by the gene identified herein or the drag candidate is immobilized on a solid phase, e.g., on a microtiter plate, by covalent or non-covalent attachments. Non-covalent attachment generally is accomplished by coating the solid surface with a solution of the PRO polypeptide and drying. Alternatively, an immobilized antibody, e.g., a monoclonal antibody, specific for the PRO polypeptide to be immobilized can be used to anchor it to a solid surface. The assay is performed by adding the non-immobilized component, which may be labeled by a detectable label, to the immobilized component, e.g. , the coated surface containing the anchored component. When the reaction is complete, the non- reacted components are removed, e.g., by washing, and complexes anchored on the solid surface are detected. When the originally non-immobilized component carries a detectable label, the detection of label immobilized on the surface indicates that complexing occurred. Where the originally non-immobilized component does not carry a label, complexing can be detected, for example, by using a labeled antibody specifically binding the immobilized complex.
If the candidate compound interacts with but does not bind to a particular PRO polypeptide encoded by a gene identified herein, its interaction with that polypeptide can be assayed by methods well known for detecting protein-protein interactions. Such assays include traditional approaches, such as, e.g., cross-linking, co- immunoprecipitation, and co-purification through gradients or chromatographic columns. In addition, protein- protein interactions can be monitored by using a yeast-based genetic system described by Fields and co-workers (Fields and Song, Nature (London).340:245-246 (1989); ChienetaL, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:9578-9582 (1991)) as disclosed by Chevray and Nathans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 5789-5793 (1991). Many transcriptional activators, such as yeast GAL4, consist of two physically discrete modular domains, one acting as the DNA-binding domain, the other one functioning as the transcription-activation domain. The yeast expression system described in the foregoing publications (generally referred to as the "two-hybrid system") takes advantage of this property, and employs two hybrid proteins , one in which the target protein is fused to the DNA- binding domain of GAL4, and another, in which candidate activating proteins are fused to the activation domain. The expression of a GALl-lacZ reporter gene under control of a GAL4-activated promoter depends on reconstirution of GAL4 activity via protein-protein interaction. Colonies containing interacting polypeptides are detected with a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. A complete kit (MATCHMAKER™) for identifying protein-protein interactions between two specific proteins using the two-hybrid technique is commercially available from Clontech. This system can also be extended to map protein domains involved in specific protein interactions as well as to pinpoint amino acid residues that are crucial for these interactions.
Compounds that interfere with the interaction of a gene encoding a PRO polypeptide identified herein and other intra- or extracellular components can be tested as follows: usually a reaction mixture is prepared containing the product of the gene and the intra- or extracellular component under conditions and for a time allowing for the interaction and binding of the two products . To test the ability of a candidate compound to inhibit binding, the reaction is run in the absence and in the presence of the test compound. In addition, a placebo may be added to a third reaction mixture, to serve as positive control. The binding (complex formation) between the test compound and the intra- or extracellular component present in the mixture is monitored as described hereinabove. The formation of a complex in the control reaction(s) but not in the reaction mixture containing the test compound indicates that the test compound interferes with the interaction of the test compound and its reaction partner.
To assay for antagonists, the PRO polypeptide may be added to a cell along with the compound to be screened for a particular activity and the ability of the compound to inhibit the activity of interest in the presence of the PRO polypeptide indicates that the compound is an antagonist to the PRO polypeptide. Alternatively, antagonists may be detected by combining the PRO polypeptide and a potential antagonist with membrane-bound PRO polypeptide receptors or recombinant receptors under appropriate conditions for a competitive inhibition assay. The PRO polypeptide can be labeled, such as by radioactivity, such that the number of PRO polypeptide molecules bound to the receptor can be used to determine the effectiveness of the potential antagonist. The gene encoding the receptor can be identified by numerous methods known to those of skill in the art, for example, ligand panning and FACS sorting. Coligan et al., Current Protocols in Immun.. 1(2): Chapter 5 (1991). Preferably, expression cloning is employed wherein polyadenylated RNA is prepared from a cell responsive to the PRO polypeptide and a cDNA library created from this RNA is divided into pools and used to transfect COS cells or other cells that are not responsive to the PRO polypeptide. Transfected cells that are grown on glass slides are exposed to labeled PRO polypeptide. The PRO polypeptide can be labeled by a variety of means including iodination or inclusion of a recognition site for a site-specific protein kinase. Following fixation and incubation, the slides are subjected to autoradiographic analysis. Positive pools are identified and sub-pools are prepared and re-transfected using an interactive sub-pooling and re-screening process, eventually yielding a single clone that encodes the putative receptor.
As an alternative approach for receptor identification, labeled PRO polypeptide can be photoaffinity- linked with cell membrane or extract preparations that express the receptor molecule. Cross-linked material is resolved by PAGE and exposed to X-ray film. The labeled complex containing the receptor can be excised, resolved into peptide fragments, and subjected to protein micro-sequencing. The amino acid sequence obtained from micro- sequencing would be used to design a set of degenerate oligonucleotide probes to screen a cDNA library to identify the gene encoding the putative receptor.
In another assay for antagonists, mammalian cells or a membrane preparation expressing the receptor would be incubated with labeled PRO polypeptide in the presence of the candidate compound. The ability of the compound to enhance or block this interaction could then be measured.
More specific examples of potential antagonists include an oligonucleotide that binds to the fusions of immunoglobulin with PRO polypeptide, and, in particular, antibodies including, without limitation, poly- and monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments, single-chain antibodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies, and chimeric or humanized versions of such antibodies or fragments, as well as human antibodies and antibody fragments. Alternatively, a potential antagonist may be a closely related protein, for example, a mutated form of the PRO polypeptide that recognizes the receptor but imparts no effect, thereby competitively inhibiting the action of the PRO polypeptide.
Another potential PRO polypeptide antagonist is an antisense RNA or DNA construct prepared using antisense technology, where, e.g., an antisense RNA or DNA molecule acts to block directly the translation of mRNA by hybridizing to targeted mRNA and preventing protein translation. Antisense technology can be used to control gene expression through triple-helix formation or antisense DNA or RNA, both of which methods are based on binding of a polynucleotide to DNA or RNA. For example, the 5' coding portion of the polynucleotide sequence, which encodes the mature PRO polypeptides herein, is used to design an antisense RNA oligonucleotide of from about 10 to 40 base pairs in length. A DNA oligonucleotide is designed to be complementary to a region of the gene involved in transcription (triple helix - see Lee et al., Nucl. Acids Res.. 6:3073 (1979); Cooney et al.. Science. 241: 456 (1988); Dervanet aL, Science. 251:1360 (1991)). thereby preventing transcription and the production of the PRO polypeptide. The antisense RNA oligonucleotide hybridizes to the mRNA in vivo and blocks translation of the mRNA molecule into the PRO polypeptide (antisense - Okano, Neurochem..' 56:560 (1991); Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1988). The oligonucleotides described above can also be delivered to cells such that the antisense RNA or DNA may be expressed in vivo to inliibit production of the PRO polypeptide. When antisense DNA is used, oligodeoxyribonucleotides derived from the translation-initiation site, e.g. , between about -10 and + 10 positions of the target gene nucleotide sequence, are preferred.
Potential antagonists include small molecules that bind to the active site, the receptor binding site, or growth factor or other relevant binding site of the PRO polypeptide, thereby blocking the normal biological activity of the PRO polypeptide. Examples of small molecules include, but are not limited to, small peptides or peptide-like molecules, preferably soluble peptides, and synthetic non-peptidyl organic or inorganic compounds. Ribozymes are enzymatic RNA molecules capable of catalyzing the specific cleavage of RNA. Ribozymes act by sequence-specific hybridization to the complementary target RNA, followed by endonucleolytic cleavage. Specific ribozyme cleavage sites within a potential RNA target can be identified by known techniques. For further details see, e.g., Rossi, Current Biology, 4:469-471 (1994), and PCT publication No. WO 97/33551 (published September 18, 1997). Nucleic acid molecules in triple-helix formation used to inhibit transcription should be single-stranded and composed of deoxynucleotides. The base composition of these oligonucleotides is designed such that it promotes triple-helix formation via Hoogsteen base-pairing rules, which generally require sizeable stretches of purines or pyrimidines on one strand of a duplex. For further details see, e.g., PCT publication No. WO 97/33551, supra. These small molecules can be identified by any one or more of the screening assays discussed hereinabove and/or by any other screening techniques well known for those skilled in the art.
Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the herein disclosed molecules may also be based upon the positive functional assay hits disclosed and described below.
F. Anti-PRO Antibodies
The present invention further provides anti-PRO antibodies. Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, bispecific, and heteroconjugate antibodies.
1. Polyclonal Antibodies The anti-PRO antibodies may comprise polyclonal antibodies. Methods of preparing polyclonal antibodies are known to the skilled artisan. Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in a mammal, for example, by one or more injections of an immunizing agent and, if desired, an adjuvant. Typically, the immunizing agent and/or adjuvant will be injected in the mammal by multiple subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections. The nimunizing agent may include the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. It may be useful to conjugate the immunizing agent to a protein known to be immunogenic in the mammal being immunized. Examples of such immunogenic proteins include but are not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Examples of adjuvants which may be employed include Freund's complete adjuvant and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl Lipid A, synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate). The immunization protocol may be selected by one skilled in the art without undue experimentation.
2. Monoclonal Antibodies
The anti-PRO antibodies may, alternatively, be monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies may be prepared using hybridoma methods, such as those described by Kohler and Milstein, Nature. 256:495 (1975).
In a hybridoma method, a mouse, hamster, or other appropriate host animal, is typically immunized with an immunizing agent to elicit lymphocytes that produce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specifically bind to the immunizing agent. Alternatively, the lymphocytes may be immunized in vitro.
The irnmunizing agent will typically include the PRO polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. Generally, either peripheral blood lymphocytes ("PBLs") are used if cells of human origin are desired, or spleen cells or lymph node cells are used if non-human mammalian sources are desired. The lymphocytes are then fused with an immortalized cell line using a suitable fusing agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell [Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice. Academic Press, (1986) pp. 59-103]. Immortalized cell lines are usually transformed mammalian cells, particularly myeloma cells of rodent, bovine and human origin. Usually, rat or mouse myeloma cell lines are employed. The hybridoma cells may be cultured in a suitable culture medium that preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, immortalized cells. For example, if the parental cells lack the enzyme hypoxanfhine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT), the culture medium for the hybridomas typically will include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine ("HAT medium"), which substances prevent the growth of HGPRT- deficient cells.
Preferred immortalized cell lines are those that fuse efficiently, support stable high level expression of antibody by the selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a medium such as HAT medium. More preferred immortalized cell lines are murine myeloma lines, which can be obtained, for instance, from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, California and the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines also have been described for the production of human monoclonal antibodies [Kozbor, J. Immunol., 133 :3001 (1984); Brodeur et al. , Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, (1987) pp. 51-63].
The culture medium in which the hybridoma cells are cultured can then be assayed for the presence of monoclonal antibodies directed against PRO. Preferably, the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma cells is determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Such techniques and assays are known in the art. The binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can, for example, be determined by the Scatchard analysis of Munson and Pollard, Anal. Biochem.. 107:220 (1980).
After the desired hybridoma cells are identified, the clones may be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods [Goding, supra] . Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and RPMI-1640 medium. Alternatively, the hybridoma cells may be grown in vivo as ascites in a mammal.
The monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones may be isolated or purified from the culture medium or ascites fluid by conventional immunoglobulin purification procedures such as, for example, protein A- Sepharose, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, or affinity chromatography.
The monoclonal antibodies may also be made by recombinant DNA methods, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567. DNA encoding the monoclonal antibodies of the invention can be readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures (e.g. , by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies). The hybridoma cells of the invention serve as a preferred source of such DNA. Once isolated, the DNA may be placed into expression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such as simian COS cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce immunoglobulin protein, to obtain the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies in the recombinant host cells. The DNA also may be modified, for example, by substituting the coding sequence for human heavy and light chain constant domains in place of the homologous murine sequences [U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567; Morrison et al., supral or by covalently joining to the immunoglobulin coding sequence all or part of the coding sequence for a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide . Such a non-immunoglobulin polypeptide can be substituted for the constant domains of an antibody of the invention, or can be substituted for the variable domains of one antigen-combining site of an antibody of the invention to create a chimeric bivalent antibody.
The antibodies may be monovalent antibodies. Methods for preparing monovalent antibodies are well known in the art. For example, one method involves recombinant expression of immunoglobulin light chain and modified heavy chain. The heavy chain is truncated generally at any point in the Fc region so as to prevent heavy chain crosslinking. Alternatively, the relevant cysteine residues are substituted with another amino acid residue or are deleted so as to prevent crosslinking.
In vitro methods are also suitable for preparing monovalent antibodies. Digestion of antibodies to produce fragments thereof, particularly, Fab fragments, can be accomplished using routine techniques known in the art.
3. Human and Humanized Antibodies
The anti-PRO antibodies of the invention may further comprise humanized antibodies or human antibodies. Humanized forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2 or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Humanized antibodies include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in wliich residues from a complementary deteπrήning region (CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity and capacity. In some instances, Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Humanized antibodies may also comprise residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. The humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin [Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al. , Nature. 332:323-329 (1988); and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2:593-596 (1992)].
Methods for humanizing non-human antibodies are well known in the art. Generally, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non- human amino acid residues are often referred to as "import" residues, which are typically taken from an "import" variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers [Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al., Nature. 332:323-327 (1988); Verhoeyen et al., Science.239: 1534-1536 (1988)], by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. Accordingly, such "humanized" antibodies are chimeric antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567), wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies. Human antibodies can also be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage display libraries [Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol.. 227:381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581 (1991)]. The techniques of Cole et al. and Boerner et al. are also available for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies (Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985) and Boerner et al., J. Immunol.. 147(l):86-95 (1991)]. Similarly, human antibodies can be made by introducing of human immunoglobulin loci into transgenic animals, e.g. , mice in which the endogenous immunoglobulin genes have been partially or completely inactivated. Upon challenge, human antibody production is observed, which closely resembles that seen in humans in all respects, including gene rearrangement, assembly, and antibody repertoire. This approach is described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,545,807; 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,625,126; 5,633,425; 5,661,016, and in the following scientific publications: Marks etal, Bio/Technology 10. 779-783 (1992); Lonberg et al, Nature 368 856-859 (1994); Morrison, Nature 368, 812-13 (1994); Fishwild et al, Nature Biotechnology 14. 845-51 (1996); Neuberger, Nature Biotechnology 14, 826 (1996); Lonberg and Huszar, Intern. Rev. Immunol. 13 65-93 (1995).
The antibodies may also be affinity matured using known selection and/or mutagenesis methods as described above. Preferred affinity matured antibodies have an affinity which is five times, more preferably 10 times, even more preferably 20 or 30 times greater than the starting antibody (generally murine, humanized or human) from which the matured antibody is prepared.
4. Bispecific Antibodies
Bispecific antibodies are monoclonal, preferably human or humanized, antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different antigens. In the present case, one of the binding specificities is for the PRO, the other one is for any other antigen, and preferably for a cell-surface protein or receptor or receptor subunit.
Methods for making bispecific antibodies are known in the art. Traditionally, the recombinant production of bispecific antibodies is based on the co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy-chain/light-chain pairs, where the two heavy chains have different specificities [Milstein and Cuello, Nature. 305:537-539 (1983)]. Because of the random assortment of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, these hybridomas (quadromas) produce a potential mixture of ten different antibody molecules, of which only one has the correct bispecific stracture. The purification of the correct molecule is usually accomplished by affinity chromatography steps. Similar procedures are disclosed in WO 93/08829, published 13 May 1993, and in Traunecker et al., EMBO J.. 10:3655-3659 (1991). Antibody variable domains with the desired binding specificities (antibody-antigen combining sites) can be fused to immunoglobulin constant domain sequences . The fusion preferably is with an immunoglobulin heavy- chain constant domain, comprising at least part of the hinge, CH2, and CH3 regions. It is preferred to have the first heavy-chain constant region (CHI) containing the site necessary for light-chain binding present in at least one of the fusions . DNAs encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain fusions and, if desired, the immunoglobulin light chain, are inserted into separate expression vectors, and are co-transfected into a suitable host organism. For further details of generating bispecific antibodies see, for example, Suresh et al., Methods in Enzvmology. 121:210 (1986). According to another approach described in WO 96/27011, the interface between a pair of antibody molecules can be engineered to maximize the percentage of heterodimers which are recovered from recombinant cell culture. The preferred interface comprises at least a part of the CH3 region of an antibody constant domain. In this method, one or more small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first antibody molecule are replaced with larger side chains (e.g. tyrosine or tryptophan). Compensatory "cavities" of identical or similar size to the large side chain(s) are created on the interface of the second antibody molecule by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g. alanine or threonine). This provides a mechanism for increasing the yield of the heterodimer over other unwanted end-products such as homodimers.
Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full length antibodies or antibody fragments (e.g. F(ab')2 bispecific antibodies). Techniques for generating bispecific antibodies from antibody fragments have been described in the literature. For example, bispecific antibodies can be prepared can be prepared using chemical linkage. Brennan et al. , Science 229:81 (1985) describe a procedure wherein intact antibodies are proteolytically cleaved to generate F(ab')2 fragments. These fragments are reduced in the presence of the dithiol complexing agent sodium arsenite to stabilize vicinal dithiols and prevent rntermolecular disulfide formation. The Fab' fragments generated are then converted to thionitrobenzoate (TNB) derivatives. One of the Fab'-TNB derivatives is then reconverted to the Fab'- hiol by reduction with mercaptoethylamine and is mixed with an equimolar amount of the other Fab'-TNB derivative to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibodies produced can be used as agents for the selective immobilization of enzymes.
Fab' fragments may be directly recovered from E. coli and chemically coupled to form bispecific antibodies. Shalaby et al, J. Exp. Med. 175:217-225 (1992) describe the production of a fully humanized bispecific antibody F(ab')2 molecule. Each Fab' fragment was separately secreted from E. coli and subjected to directed chemical coupling in vitro to form the bispecific antibody. The bispecific antibody thus formed was able to bind to cells overexpressing the ErbB2 receptor and normal human T cells, as well as trigger the lytic activity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes against human breast tumor targets.
Various technique for making and isolating bispecific antibody fragments directly from recombinant cell culture have also been described. For example, bispecific antibodies have been produced using leucine zippers. Kostelny etal. , J. Immunol. 148(5):1547-1553 (1992). The leucine zipper peptides from the Fos and Jun proteins were linked to the Fab' portions of two different antibodies by gene fusion. The antibody homodimers were reduced at the hinge region to form monomers and then re-oxidized to form the antibody heterodimers. This method can also be utilized for the production of antibody homodimers. The "diabody" technology described by Hollinger et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:6444-6448 (1993) has provided an alternative mechanism for making bispecific antibody fragments. The fragments comprise a heavy-chain variable domain (VH) connected to a light-chain variable domain (V^ by a linker which is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain. Accordingly, the VH and VL domains of one fragment are forced to pair with the complementary VL and VH domains of another fragment, thereby forming two antigen-binding sites. Another strategy for making bispecific antibody fragments by the use of single-chain Fv (sFv) dimers has also been reported. See, Gmber et al., J. Immunol. 152:5368 (1994).
Antibodies with more than two valencies are contemplated. For example, trispecific antibodies can be prepared. Tutt et al. , J. Immunol. 147:60 (1991).
Exemplary bispecific antibodies may bind to two different epitopes on a given PRO polypeptide herein. Alternatively, an anti-PRO polypeptide arm may be combined with an arm which binds to a triggering molecule on a leukocyte such as a T-cell receptor molecule (e.g. CD2, CD3, CD28, or B7), or Fc receptors for IgG (FcγR), such as FcγRI (CD64), FcγRII (CD32) and FcγRIII (CD16) so as to focus cellular defense mechanisms to the cell expressing the particular PRO polypeptide. Bispecific antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents to cells which express a particular PRO polypeptide. These antibodies possess a PRO-binding arm and an arm which binds a cytotoxic agent or a radionuclide chelator, such as EOTUBE, DPTA, DOTA, or TETA. Another bispecific antibody of interest binds the PRO polypeptide and further binds tissue factor (TF).
5. Heteroconiugate Antibodies
Heteroconjugate antibodies are also within the scope of the present invention. Heterocoηjugate antibodies are composed of two covalently joined antibodies. Such antibodies have, for example, been proposed to target immune system cells to unwanted cells [U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980], and for treatment of HIV infection [WO 91/00360; WO 92/200373; EP 03089]. It is contemplated that the antibodies may be prepared in vitro using known methods in synthetic protein chemistry, including those involving crosslinking agents. For example, immunotoxins may be constmcted using a disulfide exchange reaction or by forming a thioether bond. Examples of suitable reagents for this purpose include iminothiolate and methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate and those disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980.
6. Effector Function Engineering
It may be desirable to modify the antibody of the invention with respect to effector function, so as to enhance, e.g., the effectiveness of the antibody in treating cancer. For example, cysteine residue(s) may be introduced into the Fc region, thereby allowing interchain disulfide bond formation in this region. The homodimeric antibody thus generated may have improved internalization capability and/or increased complement- mediated cell killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). See Caron et al. , J. Exp Med. , 176: 1191-1195 (1992) and Shopes, J. Immunol. , 148: 2918-2922 (1992). Homodimeric antibodies with enhanced antitumor activity may also be prepared using heterobifunctional cross-linkers as described in Wolff et al. Cancer Research. 53: 2560-2565 (1993). Alternatively, an antibody can be engineered that has dual Fc regions and may thereby have enhanced complement lysis and ADCC capabilities . See Stevenson et al , Anti-Cancer Drag Design. 3: 219-230 (1989).
7. Immunoconiugates The invention also pertains to immunoconjugates comprising an antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic agent such as a chemotherapeutic agent, toxin (e.g. , an enzymatically active toxin of bacterial, fungal, plant, or animal origin, or fragments thereof), or a radioactive isotope (i.e., a radioconjugate).
Chemotherapeutic agents useful in the generation of such immunoconjugates have been described above. Enzymatically active toxins and fragments thereof that can be used include diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleuritesfordii proteins, dianfhin proteins, Phytolaca americanapτotems (PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S), momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotrn, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin, and the tricothecenes. A variety of radionuclides are available for the production of radioconjugated antibodies. Examples include 212Bi, 131I, 131In, 90Y, and 186Re. Conjugates of the antibody and cytotoxic agent are made using a variety of bifunctional protein-coupling agents such as N-succinirnidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithiol) propionate (SPDP), iminothiolane (IT), bifunctional derivatives of imidoesters (such as dimethyl adipimidate HCL), active esters (such as disuccinimidyl suberate), aldehydes (such as glutareldehyde), bis-azido compounds (such as bis (p-azidobenzoyl) hexanediamine), bis-diazonium derivatives (such as bis-(p-diazoniumbenzoyl)-ethylenediamine), diisocyanates (such as tolyene 2,6-diisocyanate), and bis- active fluorine compounds (such as l,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). For example, a ricin immunotoxin can be prepared as described in Vitetta et al. , Science. 238: 1098 (1987). Carbon-14-labeled l-isothiocyanatobenzyl-3- mefhyldiefhylene triaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) is an exemplary chelating agent for conjugation of radionucleotide to the antibody. See WO94/11026.
In another embodiment, the antibody may be conjugated to a "receptor" (such streptavidin) for utilization in tumor pretargeting wherein the antibody-receptor conjugate is administered to the patient, followed by removal of unbound conjugate from the circulation using a clearing agent and then administration of a "ligand" (e.g., avidin) that is conjugated to a cytotoxic agent (e.g., a radionucleotide).
8. Immunoliposomes The antibodies disclosed herein may also be formulated as immunoliposomes. Liposomes containing the antibody are prepared by methods known in the art, such as described in Epstein et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA. 82: 3688 (1985); Hwang et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 77: 4030 (1980); and U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,485,045 and 4,544,545. Liposomes with enhanced circulation time are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,013,556.
Particularly useful liposomes can be generated by the reverse-phase evaporation method with a lipid composition comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-
PE). Liposomes are extmded through filters of defined pore size to yield liposomes with the desired diameter.
Fab ' fragments of the antibody of the present invention can be conjugated to the liposomes as described in Martin et al ., J. Biol. Chem.. 257: 286-288 (1982) via a disulfide-interchange reaction. A chemotherapeutic agent (such as Doxorubicin) is optionally contained within the liposome. See Gabizon et al. , J. National Cancer Inst.. 81(19): 1484 (1989). 9. Pharmaceutical Compositions of Antibodies
Antibodies specifically binding a PRO polypeptide identified herein, as well as other molecules identified by the screening assays disclosed hereinbefore, can be administered for the treatment of various disorders in the form of pharmaceutical compositions.
If the PRO polypeptide is intracellular and whole antibodies are used as inhibitors, internalizing antibodies are preferred. However, lipofections or liposomes can also be used to deliver the antibody, or an antibody fragment, into cells. Where antibody fragments are used, the smallest inhibitory fragment that specifically binds to the binding domain of the target protein is preferred. For example, based upon the variable- region sequences of an antibody, peptide molecules can be designed that retain the ability to bind the target protein sequence. Such peptides can be synthesized chemically and/or produced by recombinant DNA technology. See, e.g., Marasco et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 7889-7893 (1993). The formulation herein may also contain more than one active compound as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other. Alternatively, or in addition, the composition may comprise an agent that enhances its function, such as, for example, a cytotoxic agent, cytokine, chemotherapeutic agent, or growth-inhibitory agent. Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
The active ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymefhylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(mefhylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drag delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles, andnanocapsules) or inmacroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, supra.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
Sustained-release preparations may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyefhyl-mefhacrylate), orpoly(vinylalcohol)), polylactides (U.S.
Pat. No. 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and γ ethyl-L-glutamate, non-degradable efhylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT ™ (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate), and poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. While polymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate and lactic acid-glycolic acid enable release of molecules for over
100 days, certain hydrogels release proteins for shorter time periods. When encapsulated antibodies remain in the body for a long time, they may denature or aggregate as a result of exposure to moisture at 37°C, resulting in a loss of biological activity and possible changes in immunogenicity. Rational strategies can be devised for stabilization depending on the mechanism involved. For example, if the aggregation mechanism is discovered to be intermolecular S-S bond formation through thio-disulfide interchange, stabilization may be achieved by modifying sulfhydryl residues, lyophilizing from acidic solutions, controlling moisture content, using appropriate additives, and developing specific polymer matrix compositions. G. Uses for anti-PRO Antibodies
The anti-PRO antibodies of the invention have various utilities. For example, anti-PRO antibodies may be used in diagnostic assays for PRO, e.g., detecting its expression (and in some cases, differential expression) in specific cells, tissues, or serum. Various diagnostic assay techniques known in the art may be used, such as competitive binding assays, direct or indirect sandwich assays and immunoprecipitation assays conducted in either heterogeneous or homogeneous phases [Zola, Monoclonal Antibodies: A Manual of Techniques. CRC Press, Inc. (1987) pp. 147-158]. The antibodies used in the diagnostic assays can be labeled with a detectable moiety. The detectable moiety should be capable of producing, either directly or indirectly, a detectable signal. For example, the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope, such as 3H, 14C, 32P, 35S, or 125I, a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin, or an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase or horseradish peroxidase. Any method known in the art for conjugating the antibody to the detectable moiety may be employed, including those methods described by Hunter et al. , Nature. 144:945 (1962); David et al.. Biochemistry, 13:1014 (1974); Pain etal., J. Immunol. Meth.. 40:219 (1981); and Nygren, J. Histochem. and Cvtochem.. 30:407 (1982).
Anti-PRO antibodies also are useful for the affinity purification of PRO from recombinant cell culture or natural sources. In this process, the antibodies against PRO are immobilized on a suitable support, such a Sephadex resin or filter paper, using methods well known in the art. The immobilized antibody then is contacted with a sample containing the PRO to be purified, and thereafter the support is washed with a suitable solvent that will remove substantially all the material in the sample except the PRO, which is bound to the immobilized antibody. Finally, the support is washed with another suitable solvent that will release the PRO from the antibody.
The following examples are offered for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
All patent and literature references cited in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
EXAMPLES
Commercially available reagents referred to in the examples were used according to manufacturer's instractions unless otherwise indicated. The source of those cells identified in the following examples, and throughout the specification, by ATCC accession numbers is the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA.
EXAMPLE 1: Extracellular Domain Homology Screening to Identify Novel Polypeptides and cDNA Encoding Therefor
The extracellular domain (ECD) sequences (including the secretion signal sequence, if any) from about 950 known secreted proteins from the Swiss-Prot public database were used to search EST databases. The EST databases included public databases (e.g., Dayhoff, GenBank), and proprietary databases (e.g. LIFESEQ™,
Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA). The search was performed using the computer program BLAST or BLAST-2 (Altschul et al. , Methods in Enzvmology. 266:460-480 (1996)) as a comparison of the ECD protein sequences to a 6 frame translation of the EST sequences. Those comparisons with a BLAST score of 70 (or in some cases 90) or greater that did not encode known proteins were clustered and assembled into consensus DNA sequences with the program "phrap" (Phil Green, University of Washington, Seattle, WA).
Using this extracellular domain homology screen, consensus DNA sequences were assembled relative to the other identified EST sequences using phrap. In addition, the consensus DNA sequences obtained were often (but not always) extended using repeated cycles of BLAST or BLAST-2 and phrap to extend the consensus sequence as far as possible using the sources of EST sequences discussed above.
Based upon the consensus sequences obtained as described above, oligonucleotides were then synthesized and used to identify by PCR a cDNA library that contained the sequence of interest and for use as probes to isolate a clone of the full-length coding sequence for a PRO polypeptide. Forward and reverse PCR primers generally range from 20 to 30 nucleotides and are often designed to give a PCR product of about 100-1000 bp in length. The probe sequences are typically 40-55 bp in length. In some cases, additional oligonucleotides are synthesized when the consensus sequence is greater than about 1-1.5kbp. In order to screen several libraries for a full-length clone, DNA from the libraries was screened by PCR amplification, as per Ausubel et al. , Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, with the PCR primer pair. A positive library was then used to isolate clones encoding the gene of interest using the probe oligonucleotide and one of the primer pairs.
The cDNA libraries used to isolate the cDNA clones were constructed by standard methods using commercially available reagents such as those from Invitrogen, San Diego, CA. The cDNA was primed with oligo dT containing a Notl site, linked with blunt to Sail hemikinased adaptors, cleaved with Notl, sized appropriately by gel electrophoresis, and cloned in a defined orientation into a suitable cloning vector (such as pRKB or pRKD; pRK5B is a precursor of pRK5D that does not contain the Sfil site; see, Holmes et al. , Science, 253:1278-1280 (1991)) in the unique Xhol and Notl sites.
EXAMPLE 2: Isolation of cDNA clones by Amylase Screening 1. Preparation of oligo dT primed cDNA library mRNA was isolated from a human tissue of interest using reagents and protocols from Invitrogen, San
Diego, CA (Fast Track 2). This RNA was used to generate an oligo dT primed cDNA library in the vector pRK5D using reagents and protocols from Life Technologies, Gaifhersburg, MD (Super Script Plasmid System).
In this procedure, the double stranded cDNA was sized to greater than 1000 bp and the Sall/Notl linkered cDNA was cloned into Xhol/Notl cleaved vector. pRK5D is a cloning vector that has an sp6 transcription initiation site followed by an Sfil restriction enzyme site preceding the Xhol/Notl cDNA cloning sites.
2. Preparation of random primed cDNA library
A secondary cDNA library was generated in order to preferentially represent the 5' ends of the primary cDNA clones. Sp6 RNA was generated from the primary library (described above), and this RNA was used to generate a random primed cDNA library in the vector pSST-AMY.O using reagents and protocols from Life
Technologies (Super Script Plasmid System, referenced above) . In this procedure the double stranded cDNA was sized to 500-1000 bp, linkered with blunt to Notl adaptors, cleaved with Sfil, and cloned into Sfil/Notl cleaved vector. pSST-AMY.O is a cloning vector that has a yeast alcohol dehydrogenase promoter preceding the cDNA cloning sites and the mouse amylase sequence (the mature sequence without the secretion signal) followed by the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase terminator, after the cloning sites. Thus, cDNAs cloned into this vector that are fused in frame with amylase sequence will lead to the secretion of amylase from appropriately transfected yeast colonies.
3. Transformation and Detection
DNA from the library described in paragraph 2 above was chilled on ice to which was added electrocompetent DH10B bacteria (Life Technologies, 20 ml). The bacteria and vector mixture was then electroporated as recommended by the manufacturer. Subsequently, SOC media (Life Technologies, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. The transformants were then plated onto 20 standard 150 mm LB plates containing ampicillin and incubated for 16 hours (37°C). Positive colonies were scraped off the plates and the DNA was isolated from the bacterial pellet using standard protocols, e.g. CsCl- gradient. The purified DNA was then carried on to the yeast protocols below. The yeast methods were divided into three categories: (1) Transformation of yeast with the plasmid/cDNA combined vector; (2) Detection and isolation of yeast clones secreting amylase; and (3) PCR amplification of the insert directly from the yeast colony and purification of the DNA for sequencing and further analysis.
The yeast strain used was HD56-5A (ATCC-90785). This strain has the following genotype: MAT alpha, ura3-52, leu2-3, leu2-112, his3-ll, his3-15, MAL+, SUC+, GAL+. Preferably, yeast mutants can be employed that have deficient post-translational pathways. Such mutants may have translocation deficient alleles iasecll, secll, sec62, with truncated seel I being most preferred. Alternatively, antagonists (including antisense nucleotides and/or ligands) which interfere with the normal operation of these genes, other proteins implicated in this post translation pathway (e.g. , SEC61p, SEC72p, SEC62p, SEC63p, TDJlp or SSAlp-4p) or the complex formation of these proteins may also be preferably employed in combination with the amylase-expressing yeast.
Transformation was performed based on the protocol outlined by Gietz et al. , Nucl. Acid. Res..20: 1425
(1992). Transformed cells were then inoculated from agar into YEPD complex media broth (100 ml) and grown overnight at 30°C. The YEPD broth was prepared as described in Kaiser etal. , Methods in Yeast Genetics. Cold
Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, p. 207 (1994). The overnight culture was then diluted to about 2 x 106 cells/ml (approx. OD600=0.1) into fresh YEPD broth (500 ml) and regrown to 1 x IO7 cells/ml (approx. OD600=0.4-0.5).
The cells were then harvested and prepared for transformation by transfer into GS3 rotor bottles in a Sorval GS3 rotor at 5,000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant discarded, and then resuspended into sterile water, and centrifuged again in 50 ml falcon tubes at 3,500 rpm in a Beckman GS-6KR centrifuge. The supernatant was discarded and the cells were subsequently washed with LiAc/TE (10 ml, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5, 100 mM Li2OOCCH3), and resuspended into LiAc/TE (2.5 ml).
Transformation took place by mixing the prepared cells (100 μl) with freshly denatured single stranded salmon testes DNA (Lofstrand Labs, Gaithersburg, MD) and transforming DNA (1 μg, vol. < 10 ul) in microfuge tubes. The mixture was mixed briefly by vortexing, then 40% PEG/TE (600 μl, 40% polyethylene glycol-4000, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM Li2OOCCH3, pH 7.5) was added. This mixture was gently mixed and incubated at 30°C while agitating for 30 minutes. The cells were then heat shocked at 42°C for 15 minutes, and the reaction vessel centrifuged in a microfuge at 12,000 rpm for 5-10 seconds, decanted and resuspended into TE (500 μl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA pH 7.5) followed by recentrifugation. The cells were then diluted into TE (1 ml) and aliquots (200 μl) were spread onto the selective media previously prepared in 150 mm growth plates (VWR).
Alternatively, instead of multiple small reactions, the transformation was performed using a single, large scale reaction, wherein reagent amounts were scaled up accordingly. The selective media used was a synthetic complete dextrose agar lacking uracil (SCD-Ura) prepared as described in Kaiser et al, Methods in Yeast Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, p. 208-210 (1994). Transformants were grown at 30°C for 2-3 days.
The detection of colonies secreting amylase was performed by including red starch in the selective growth media. Starch was coupled to the red dye (Reactive Red-120, Sigma) as per the procedure described by Biely et al. , Anal. Biochem. , 172: 176-179 (1988). The coupled starch was incorporated into the SCD-Ura agar plates at a final concentration of 0.15 % (w/v), and was buffered with potassium phosphate to a pH of 7.0 (50-100 mM final concentration).
The positive colonies were picked and streaked across fresh selective media (onto 150 mm plates) in order to obtain well isolated and identifiable single colonies. Well isolated single colonies positive for amylase secretion were detected by direct incorporation of red starch into buffered SCD-Ura agar. Positive colonies were determined by their ability to break down starch resulting in a clear halo around the positive colony visualized directly.
4. Isolation of DNA by PCR Amplification When a positive colony was isolated, a portion of it was picked by a toothpick and diluted into sterile water (30 ul) in a 96 well plate. At this time, the positive colonies were either frozen and stored for subsequent analysis or immediately amplified. An aliquot of cells (5 ul) was used as a template for the PCR reaction in a 25 l volume containing: 0.5 μl Klentaq (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA); 4.0 μl 10 mM dNTP's (Periάn Elmer-Cetus); 2.5 μl Kentaq buffer (Clontech); 0.25 μl forward oligo 1; 0.25 μl reverse oligo 2; 12.5 μl distilled water. The sequence of the forward oligonucleotide 1 was:
5 ' -TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTAAATAGACCTGCAATTATTAATCT-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:245) The sequence of reverse oligonucleotide 2 was:
5 ' -CAGGAAACAGCTATGACCACCTGCACACCTGCAAATCCATT-3 ' (SEQ ID NO:246) PCR was then performed as follows: a. Denature 92°C, 5 minutes b. 3 cycles of: Denature 92°C, 30 seconds
Anneal 59°C, 30 seconds Extend 72°C, 60 seconds c. 3 cycles of: Denature 92°C, 30 seconds
Anneal 57°C, 30 seconds Extend 72°C, 60 seconds d. 25 cycles of: Denature 92°C, 30 seconds
Anneal 55 °C, 30 seconds Extend 72°C, 60 seconds e. Hold 4°C
The underlined regions of the oligonucleotides annealed to the ADH promoter region and the amylase region, respectively, and amplified a 307 bp region from vector pSST-AMY.O when no insert was present.
Typically, the first 18 nucleotides of the 5' end of these oligonucleotides contained annealing sites for the sequencing primers. Thus, the total product of the PCR reaction from an empty vector was 343 bp. However, signal sequence-fused cDNA resulted in considerably longer nucleotide sequences.
Following the PCR, an aliquot of the reaction (5 ul) was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis in a 1 % agarose gel using a Tris-Borate-EDTA (TBE) buffering system as described by Sambrook et al. , supra. Clones resulting in a single strong PCR product larger than 400 bp were further analyzed by DNA sequencing after purification with a 96 Qiaquick PCR clean-up column (Qiagen Inc., Chatsworth, CA).
EXAMPLE 3: Isolation of cDNA Clones Using Signal Algorithm Analysis
Various polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences were identified by applying a proprietary signal sequence finding algorithm developed by Genentech, Inc. (South San Francisco, CA) upon ESTs as well as clustered and assembled EST fragments from public (e.g., GenBank) and/or private (LIFESEQ®, Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) databases. The signal sequence algorithm computes a secretion signal score based on the character of the DNA nucleotides surrounding the first and optionally the second methionine codon(s) (ATG) at the 5 '-end of the sequence or sequence fragment under consideration. The nucleotides following the first ATG must code for at least 35 unambiguous amino acids without any stop codons. If the first ATG has the required amino acids, the second is not examined. If neither meets the requirement, the candidate sequence is not scored. In order to determine whether the EST sequence contains an authentic signal sequence, the DNA and corresponding amino acid sequences surrounding the ATG codon are scored using a set of seven sensors (evaluation parameters) known to be associated with secretion signals. Use of this algorithm resulted in the identification of numerous polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid sequences.
EXAMPLE 4: Isolation of cDNA clones Encoding Human PRO Polypeptides
Using the techniques described in Examples 1 to 3 above, numerous full-length cDNA clones were identified as encoding PRO polypeptides as disclosed herein. These cDNAs were then deposited under the terms of the Budapest Treaty with the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA (ATCC) as shown in Table 7 below. Table 7
Material ATCC Pep. No. Deposit Date
DNA94849-2960 PTA-2306 July 25, 2000 DNA96883-2745 PTA-544 August 17, 1999 DNA96894-2675 PTA-260 June 22, 1999 DNA100272-2969 PTA-2299 July 25, 2000 DNA108696-2966 PTA-2315 August 1, 2000 DNA117935-2801 PTA-1088 December 22, 1999 DNA119474-2803 PTA-1097 December 22, 1999 DNA119498-2965 PTA-2298 July 25, 2000 DNA119502-2789 PTA-1082 December 22, 1999 DNA119516-2797 PTA-1083 December 22, 1999 DNA119530-2968 PTA-2396 August 8, 2000 DNA121772-2741 PTA-1030 December 7, 1999 DNA125148-2782 PTA-955 November 16, 1999 DNA125150-2793 PTA-1085 December 22, 1999 DNA125151-2784 PTA-1029 December 7, 1999 DNA125181-2804 PTA-1096 December 22, 1999 DNA125192-2794 PTA-1086 December 22, 1999 DNA125196-2792 PTA-1091 December 22, 1999 DNA125200-2810 PTA-1186 January 11, 2000 DNA125214-2814 PTA-1270 February 2, 2000 DNA125219-2799 PTA-1084 December 22, 1999 DNA128309-2825 PTA-1340 February 8, 2000 DNA129535-2796 PTA-1087 December 22, 1999 DNA129549-2798 PTA-1099 December 22, 1999 DNA129580-2863 PTA-1584 March 28, 2000 DNA129794-2967 PTA-2305 July 25, 2000 DNA131590-2962 PTA-2297 July 25, 2000 DNA135173-2811 PTA-1184 January 11, 2000 DNA138039-2828 PTA-1343 February 8, 2000 DNA139540-2807 PTA-1187 January 11, 2000 DNA139602-2859 PTA-1588 March 28, 2000 DNA139632-2880 PTA-1629 April 4, 2000 DNA139686-2823 PTA-1264 February 2, 2000 DNA142392-2800 PTA-1092 December 22, 1999 DNA143076-2787 PTA-1028 December 7, 1999 Table 7 (conf)
Material ATCC Dep. No. Deposit Date
DNA143294-2818 PTA-1182 January 11, 2000
DNA143514-2817 PTA-1266 February 2, 2000
DNA144841-2816 PTA-1188 January 11, 2000
DNA148380-2827 PTA-1181 January 11, 2000
DNA149995-2871 PTA-1971 May 31, 2000
DNA167678-2963 PTA-2302 July 25, 2000
DNA168028-2956 PTA-2304 July 25, 2000
DNA173894-2947 PTA-2108 June 20, 2000
DNA176775-2957 PTA-2303 July 25, 2000
DNA177313-2982 PTA-2251 July 19, 2000
DNA57700-1408 203583 January 12, 1999
DNA62872-1509 203100 August 4, 1998
DNA62876-1517 203095 August 4, 1998
DNA66660-1585 203279 September 22, 1998
DNA34434-1139 209252 September 16, 1997
DNA44804-1248 209527 December 10, 1997
DNA52758-1399 209773 April 14, 1998
DNA59849-1504 209986 June 16, 1998
DNA65410-1569 203231 September 15, 1998
DNA71290-1630 203275 September 22, 1998
DNA33100-1159 209377 October 16, 1997
DNA64896-1539 203238 September 9, 1998
DNA84920-2614 203966 April 27, 1999
DNA23330-1390 209775 April 14, 1998
DNA32286-1191 209385 October 16, 1997
DNA35673-1201 209418 October 28, 1997
DNA43316-1237 209487 November 21, 1997
DNA44184-1319 209704 March 26, 1998
DNA45419-1252 209616 February 5, 1998
DNA48314-1320 209702 March 26, 1998
DNA50921-1458 209859 May 12, 1998
DNA53987 209858 May 12, 1998
DNA56047-1456 209948 June 9, 1998
DNA56405-1357 209849 May 6, 1998
DNA56531-1648 203286 September 29, 1998
DNA56865-1491 203022 June 23, 1998 Table 7 (conf)
DNA57694-1341 203017 June 23, 1998
DNA57708-1411 203021 June 23, 1998
DNA57836-1338 203025 June 23, 1998
DNA57841-1522 203458 November 3, 1998
DNA58847-1383 209879 May 20, 1998
DNA59212-1627 203245 September 9, 1998
DNA59588-1571 203106 August 11, 1998
DNA59622-1334 209984 June 16, 1998
DNA59847-2510 203576 January 12, 1999
DNA60615-1483 209980 June 16, 1998
DNA60621-1516 203091 August 4, 1998
DNA62814-1521 203093 August 4, 1998
DNA64883-1526 203253 September 9, 1998
DNA64889-1541 203250 September 9, 1998
DNA64897-1628 203216 September 15, 1998
DNA64903-1553 203223 September 15, 1998
DNA64907-1163-1 203242 September 9, 1998
DNA64950-1590 203224 September 15, 1998
DNA64952-1568 203222 September 15, 1998
DNA65402-1540 203252 September 9, 1998
DNA65405-1547 203476 November 17, 1998
DNA66663-1598 203268 September 22, 1998
DNA66667 203267 September 22, 1998
DNA66675-1587 203282 September 22, 1998
DNA67300-1605 203163 August 25, 1998
DNA68872-1620 203160 August 25, 1998
DNA71269-1621 203284 September 22, 1998
DNA73736-1657 203466 November 17, 1998
DNA73739-1645 203270 September 22, 1998
DNA76400-2528 203573 January 12, 1999
DNA76532-1702 203473 November 17, 1998
DNA76541-1675 203409 October 27, 1998
DNA79862-2522 203550 December 22, 1998
DNA81754-2532 203542 December 15, 1998
DNA81761-2583 203862 March 23, 1999
DNA83500-2506 203391 October 29, 1998
DNA84210-2576 203818 March 2, 1999 Table 7 (conf)
DNA86571-2551 203660 Febmary 9, 1999
DNA92218-2554 203834 March 9, 1999
DNA92223-2567 203851 March 16, 1999
DNA92265-2669 PTA-256 June 22, 1999
DNA92274-2617 203971 April 27, 1999
DNA108760-2740 PTA-548 August 17, 1999
DNA108792-2753 PTA-617 August 31, 1999
DNA111750-2706 PTA-489 August 3, 1999
DNA119514-2772 PTA-946 November 9, 1999
DNA125185-2806 PTA-1031 December 7, 1999
These deposits were made under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purpose of Patent Procedure and the Regulations thereunder (Budapest Treaty). This assures maintenance of a viable culture of the deposit for 30 years from the date of deposit. The deposits will be made available by ATCC under the terms of the Budapest Treaty, and subject to an agreement between Genentech, Inc. and ATCC, wliich assures permanent and unrestricted availability of the progeny of the culture of the deposit to the public upon issuance of the pertinent U.S. patent or upon laying open to the public of any U.S. or foreign patent application, whichever comes first, and assures availability of the progeny to one determined by the U.S. Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto according to 35 USC § 122 and the Commissioner ' s rules pursuant thereto (including 37 CFR § 1.14 with particular reference to 886 OG 638).
The assignee of the present application has agreed that if a culture of the materials on deposit should die or be lost or destroyed when cultivated under suitable conditions, the materials will be promptly replaced on notification with another of the same. Availability of the deposited material is not to be construed as a license to practice the invention in contravention of the rights granted under the authority of any government in accordance with its patent laws.
EXAMPLE 5: Isolation of cDNA clones Encoding Human PRO6004. PRQ5723. PRQ3444. and PRO9940
DNA molecules encoding the PRO840, PR01338, PRO6004, PR05723, PR03444, and PRO9940 polypeptides shown in the accompanying figures were obtained through GenBank.
EXAMPLE 6: Use of PRO as a hybridization probe
The following method describes use of a nucleotide sequence encoding PRO as a hybridization probe.
DNA comprising the coding sequence of full-length or mature PRO as disclosed herein is employed as a probe to screen for homologous DNAs (such as those encoding naturally-occurring variants of PRO) in human tissue cDNA libraries or human tissue genomic libraries.
Hybridization and washing of filters containing either library DNAs is performed under the following high stringency conditions. Hybridization of radiolabeled PRO-derived probe to the filters is performed in a solution of 50% formamide, 5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8, 2x Denhardt's solution, and 10% dextran sulfate at 42°C for 20 hours. Washing of the filters is performed in an aqueous solution of 0. lx SSC and 0.1 % SDS at 42°C.
DNAs having a desired sequence identity with the DNA encoding full-length native sequence PRO can then be identified using standard techniques known in the art.
EXAMPLE 7: Expression of PRO in E. coli
This example illustrates preparation of an unglycosylated form of PRO by recombinant expression in E. coli. The DNA sequence encoding PRO is initially amplified using selected PCR primers. The primers should contain restriction enzyme sites which correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the selected expression vector. A variety of expression vectors may be employed. An example of a suitable vector is pBR322 (derived from E. coli; see Bolivar et al., Gene. 2:95 (1977)) which contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance. The vector is digested with restriction enzyme and dephosphorylated. The PCR amplified sequences are then ligated into the vector. The vector will preferably include sequences wliich encode for an antibiotic resistance gene, a trp promoter, a polyhis leader (including the first six STII codons, polyhis sequence, and enterokinase cleavage site), the PRO coding region, lambda transcriptional terminator, and an argU gene.
The ligation mixture is then used to transform a selected E. coli strain using the methods described in Sambrook et al. , supra. Transformants are identified by their ability to grow on LB plates and antibiotic resistant colonies are then selected. Plasmid DNA can be isolated and confirmed by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing.
Selected clones can be grown overnight in liquid culture medium such as LB broth supplemented with antibiotics. The overnight culture may subsequently be used to inoculate a larger scale culture. The cells are then grown to a desired optical density, during which the expression promoter is turned on. After culturing the cells for several more hours, the cells can be harvested by centrifugation. The cell pellet obtained by the centrifugation can be solubilized using various agents known in the art, and the solubilized PRO protein can then be purified using a metal chelating column under conditions that allow tight binding of the protein.
PRO may be expressed in E. coli in a poly-His tagged form, using the following procedure. The DNA encoding PRO is initially amplified using selected PCR primers . The primers will contain restriction enzyme sites which correspond to the restriction enzyme sites on the selected expression vector, and other useful sequences providing for efficient and reliable translation initiation, rapid purification on a metal chelation column, and proteolytic removal ith enterokinase. The PCR-amplified, poly-His tagged sequences are then ligated into an expression vector, which is used to transform an E. coli host based on strain 52 (W3110 fuhA(tonA) Ion galE rpoHts(htpRts) clpP(lacIq) . Transformants are first grown in LB containing 50 mg/ml carbenicillin at 30° C with shaking until an O.D.600 of 3-5 is reached. Cultures are then diluted 50-100 fold into CRAP media (prepared by mixing 3.57 g (NH4)2S04, 0.71 g sodium citrate»2H20, 1.07 g KC1, 5.36 g Difco yeast extract, 5.36 g Sheffield hycase SF in 500 mL water, as well as 110 mM MPOS, pH 7.3, 0.55% (w/v) glucose and 7 mM MgS04) and grown for approximately 20-30 hours at 30 °C with shaking. Samples are removed to verify expression by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the bulk culture is centrifuged to pellet the cells. Cell pellets are frozen until purification and refolding.
E. coli paste from 0.5 to 1 L fermentations (6-10 g pellets) is resuspended in 10 volumes (w/v) in 7 M guanidine, 20 mM Tris, pH 8 buffer. Solid sodium sulfite and sodium tetrathionate is added to make final concentrations of 0.1M and 0.02 M, respectively, and the solution is stirred overnight at 4°C. This step results in a denatured protein with all cysteine residues blocked by sulfitolization. The solution is centrifuged at 40,000 rpm in a Beckman Ultracentifuge for 30 min. The supernatant is diluted with 3-5 volumes of metal chelate column buffer (6 M guanidine, 20 mM Tris, pH 7.4) and filtered through 0.22 micron filters to clarify. The clarified extract is loaded onto a 5 ml Qiagen Ni-NTA metal chelate column equilibrated in the metal chelate column buffer. The column is washed with additional buffer containing 50 mM imidazole (Calbiochem, Utrol grade), pH 7.4. The protein is eluted with buffer containing 250 mM imidazole. Fractions containing the desired protein are pooled and stored at 4°C. Protein concentration is estimated by its absorbance at 280 nm using the calculated extinction coefficient based on its amino acid sequence. The proteins are refolded by diluting the sample slowly into freshly prepared refolding buffer consisting of: 20 mM Tris, pH 8.6, 0.3 M NaCl, 2.5 M urea, 5 mM cysteine, 20 mM glycine and 1 mM EDTA. Refolding volumes are chosen so that the final protein concentration is between 50 to 100 micrograms/ml. The refolding solution is stirred gently at 4°C for 12-36 hours. The refolding reaction is quenched by the addition of TFA to a final concentration of 0.4% (pH of approximately 3). Before further purification of the protein, the solution is filtered through a 0.22 micron filter and acetonitrile is added to 2-10% final concentration. The refolded protein is chromatographed on a Poros Rl/H reversed phase column using a mobile buffer of 0.1% TFA with elution with a gradient of acetonitrile from 10 to 80% . Aliquots of fractions with A280 absorbance are analyzed on SDS polyacrylamide gels and fractions containing homogeneous refolded protein are pooled. Generally, the properly refolded species of most proteins are eluted at the lowest concentrations of acetonitrile since those species are the most compact with their hydrophobic interiors shielded from interaction with the reversed phase resin. Aggregated species are usually eluted at higher acetonitrile concentrations. In addition to resolving misfolded forms of proteins from the desired form, the reversed phase step also removes endotoxin from the samples.
Fractions containing the desired folded PRO polypeptide are pooled and the acetonitrile removed using a gentle stream of nitrogen directed at the solution. Proteins are formulated into 20 mM Hepes, pH 6.8 with 0.14 M sodium chloride and 4% mannitol by dialysis or by gel filtration using G25 Superfine (Pharmacia) resins equilibrated in the formulation buffer and sterile filtered.
Many of the PRO polypeptides disclosed herein were successfully expressed as described above.
EXAMPLE 8: Expression of PRO in mammalian cells This example illustrates preparation of a potentially glycosylated form of PRO by recombinant expression in mammalian cells.
The vector, pRK5 (see EP 307,247, published March 15, 1989), is employed as the expression vector. Optionally, the PRO DNA is ligated into pRK5 with selected restriction enzymes to allow insertion of the PRO DNA using ligation methods such as described in Sambrook et al. , supra. The resulting vector is called pRK5- PRO.
In one embodiment, the selected host cells may be 293 cells. Human 293 cells (ATCC CCL 1573) are grown to confluence in tissue culture plates in medium such as DMEM supplemented with fetal calf serum and optionally, nutrient components and/or antibiotics. About 10 μg pRK5-PRO DNA is mixed with about 1 μg DNA encoding the VA RNA gene [Thimmappaya et al., Cell, 3L543 (1982)] and dissolved in 500 ul of 1 mM Tris- HCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.227 M CaCl2. To this mixture is added, dropwise, 500 μl of 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.35), 280 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM NaP04, and a precipitate is allowed to form for 10 minutes at 25°C. The precipitate is suspended and added to the 293 cells and allowed to settle for about four hours at 37°C. The culture medium is aspirated off and 2 ml of 20% glycerol in PBS is added for 30 seconds. The 293 cells are then washed with serum free medium, fresh medium is added and the cells are incubated for about 5 days.
Approximately 24 hours after the transfections, the culture medium is removed and replaced with culture medium (alone) or culture medium containing 200 μCi/ml 35S-cysteine and 200 μCi/ml 35S-mefhionine. After a 12 hour incubation, the conditioned medium is collected, concentrated on a spin filter, and loaded onto a 15 % SDS gel. The processed gel may be dried and exposed to film for a selected period of time to reveal the presence of PRO polypeptide. The cultures containing transfected cells may undergo further incubation (in serum free medium) and the medium is tested in selected bioassays.
In an alternative technique, PRO may be introduced into 293 cells transiently using the dextran sulfate method described by Somparyrac et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci..12:7575 (1981). 293 cells are grown to maximal density in a spinner flask and 700 μg pRK5-PRO DNA is added. The cells are first concentrated from the spinner flask by centrifugation and washed with PBS. The DNA-dextran precipitate is incubated on the cell pellet for four hours. The cells are treated with 20% glycerol for 90 seconds, washed with tissue culture medium, and re- introduced into the spinner flask containing tissue culture medium, 5 μg/ml bovine insulin and 0.1 μg/ml bovine transferrin. After about four days, the conditioned media is centrifuged and filtered to remove cells and debris. The sample containing expressed PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method, such as dialysis and/or column chromatography.
In another embodiment, PRO can be expressed in CHO cells. The pRK5-PRO can be transfected into CHO cells using known reagents such as CaP04 or DEAE-dextran. As described above, the cell cultures can be incubated, and the medium replaced with culture medium (alone) or medium containing a radiolabel such as 35S- methionine. After determining the presence of PRO polypeptide, the culture medium may be replaced with serum free medium. Preferably, the cultures are incubated for about 6 days, and then the conditioned medium is harvested. The medium containing the expressed PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method.
Epitope-tagged PRO may also be expressed in host CHO cells. The PRO may be subcloned out of the pRK5 vector. The subclone insert can undergo PCR to fuse in frame with a selected epitope tag such as a poly-his tag into a Baculoviras expression vector. The poly-his tagged PRO insert can then be subcloned into a SV40 driven vector containing a selection marker such as DHFR for selection of stable clones. Finally, the CHO cells can be transfected (as described above) with the SV40 driven vector. Labeling may be performed, as described above, to verify expression. The culture medium containing the expressed poly-His tagged PRO can then be concentrated and purified by any selected method, such as by Ni2+-chelate affinity chromatography.
PRO may also be expressed in CHO and/or COS cells by a transient expression procedure or in CHO cells by another stable expression procedure. Stable expression in CHO cells is performed using the following procedure. The proteins are expressed as an IgG construct (immunoadhesin), in which the coding sequences for the soluble forms (e.g. extracellular domains) of the respective proteins are fused to an IgGl constant region sequence containing the hinge, CH2 and CH2 domains and/or is a poly-His tagged form.
Following PCR amplification, the respective DNAs are subcloned in a CHO expression vector using standard techniques as described in Ausubel et al. , Current Protocols of Molecular Biology, Unit 3.16, John Wiley and Sons (1997). CHO expression vectors are constructed to have compatible restriction sites 5' and 3' of the DNA of interest to allow the convenient shuttling of cDNA's. The vector used expression in CHO cells is as described in Lucas et al. , Nucl. Acids Res. 24:9 (1774-1779 (1996), and uses the SV40 early promoter/enhancer to drive expression of the cDNA of interest and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). DHFR expression permits selection for stable maintenance of the plasmid following transfection.
Twelve micrograms of the desired plasmid DNA is introduced into approximately 10 million CHO cells using commercially available transfection reagents Superfect® (Qiagen), Dosper® or Fugene" (Boehringer Mannheim). The cells are grown as described in Lucas et al., supra. Approximately 3 x 107 cells are frozen in an ampule for further growth and production as described below. -^ The ampules containing the plasmid DNA are thawed by placement into water bath and mixed by vortexing. The contents are pipetted into a centrifuge tube containing 10 mLs of media and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant is aspirated and the cells are resuspended in 10 mL of selective media (0.2 μm filtered PS20 with 5% 0.2.μm diafiltered fetal bovine serum). The cells are then aliquoted into a 100 mL spinner containing 90 mL of selective media. After 1-2 days, the cells are transferred into a 250 mL spinner filled with 150 mL selective growth medium and incubated at 37°C. After another 2-3 days, 250 mL, 500 L and 2000 mL spinners are seeded with 3 x 105 cells/mL. The cell media is exchanged with fresh media by centrifugation and resuspension in production medium. Although any suitable CHO media may be employed, a production medium described in U.S. Patent No. 5,122,469, issued June 16, 1992 may actually be used. A 3L production spinner is seeded at 1.2 x 10s cells/mL. On day 0, the cell number pH ie determined. On day 1, the spinner is sampled and sparging with filtered air is commenced. On day 2, the spinner is sampled, the temperature shifted to 33°C, and 30 mL of 500 g/L glucose and 0.6 mL of 10% antifoam (e.g., 35% polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, Dow Corning 365 Medical Grade Emulsion) taken. Throughout the production, the pH is adjusted as necessary to keep it at around 7.2. After 10 days, or until the viability dropped below 70%, the cell culture is harvested by centrifugation and filtering through a 0.22 μm filter. The filtrate was either stored at 4°C or immediately loaded onto columns for purification.
For the poly-His tagged constracts, the proteins are purified using a Ni-NTA column (Qiagen). Before purification, imidazole is added to the conditioned media to a concentration of 5 mM. The conditioned media is pumped onto a 6 ml Ni-NTA column equilibrated in 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, buffer containing 0.3 M NaCl and 5 mM imidazole at a flow rate of 4-5 ml/min. at 4°C. After loading, the column is washed with additional equilibration buffer and the protein eluted with equilibration buffer containing 0.25 M imidazole. The highly purified protein is subsequently desalted into a storage buffer containing 10 mM Hepes, 0.14 M NaCl and 4% mannitol, pH 6.8, with a 25 ml G25 Superfine (Pharmacia) column and stored at -80°C. Immunoadhesin (Fc-containing) constracts are purified from the conditioned media as follows. The conditioned medium is pumped onto a 5 ml Protein A column (Pharmacia) which had been equilibrated in 20 mM Na phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. After loading, the column is washed extensively with equilibration buffer before elution with 100 mM citric acid, pH 3.5. The eluted protein is immediately neutralized by collecting 1 ml fractions into tubes containing 275 μL of 1 M Tris buffer, pH 9. The highly purified protein is subsequently desalted into storage buffer as described above for the poly-His tagged proteins. The homogeneity is assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gels and by N-terminal amino acid sequencing by Edman degradation.
Many of the PRO polypeptides disclosed herein were successfully expressed as described above.
EXAMPLE 9: Expression of PRO in Yeast The following method describes recombinant expression of PRO in yeast.
First, yeast expression vectors are constructed for intracellular production or secretion of PRO from the ADH2/GAPDH promoter. DNA encoding PRO and the promoter is inserted into suitable restriction enzyme sites in the selected plasmid to direct intracellular expression of PRO. For secretion, DNA encoding PRO can be cloned into the selected plasmid, together with DNA encoding the ADH2/GAPDH promoter,, a native PRO signal peptide or other mammalian signal peptide, or, for example, a yeast alpha-factor or invertase secretory signal/leader sequence, and linker sequences (if needed) for expression of PRO.
Yeast cells, such as yeast strain ABI 10, can then be transformed with the expression plasmids described above and cultured in selected fermentation media. The transformed yeast supernatants can be analyzed by precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid and separation by SDS-PAGE, followed by staining of the gels with Coomassie Blue stain.
Recombinant PRO can subsequently be isolated and purified by removing the yeast cells from the fermentation medium by centrifugation and then concentrating the medium using selected cartridge filters. The concentrate containing PRO may further be purified using selected column chromatography resins.
Many of the PRO polypeptides disclosed herein were successfully expressed as described above.
EXAMPLE 10: Expression of PRO in Baculovims-Infected Insect Cells
The following method describes recombinant expression of PRO in Baculovirus-infected insect cells.
The sequence coding for PRO is fused upstream of an epitope tag contained within a baculoviras expression vector. Such epitope tags include poly-his tags and immunoglobulin tags (like Fc regions of IgG). A variety of plasmids may be employed, including plasmids derived from commercially available plasmids such as pVL1393 (Novagen). Briefly, the sequence encoding PRO or the desired portion of the coding sequence of
PRO such as the sequence encoding the extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein or the sequence encoding the mature protein if the protein is extracellular is amplified by PCR with primers complementary to the 5' and 3' regions. The 5' primer may incorporate flanking (selected) restriction enzyme sites. The product is then digested with those selected restriction enzymes and subcloned into the expression vector.
Recombinant baculoviras is generated by co-transfecting the above plasmid and BaculoGold™ vims DNA
(Pharmingen) into Spodoptera frugiperda ("Sf9") cells (ATCC CRL 1711) using lipofectin (commercially available from GIBCO-BRL) . After 4 - 5 days of incubation at 28°C , the released viruses are harvested and used for further amplifications. Viral infection and protein expression are performed as described by O'Reilley et al. ,
Baculoviras expression vectors: A Laboratory Manual. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1994).
Expressed poly-his tagged PRO can then be purified, for example, by Ni2+-chelate affinity chromatography as follows. Extracts are prepared from recombinant vims-infected Sf9 cells as described by Rupert et al., Nature, 362:175-179 (1993). Briefly, Sf9 cells are washed, resuspended in sonication buffer (25 mL Hepes, pH 7.9; 12.5 mM MgCl2; 0.1 mM EDTA; 10% glycerol; 0.1% NP-40; 0.4 M KC1), and sonicated twice for 20 seconds on ice. The sonicates are cleared by centrifugation, and the supernatant is diluted 50-fold in loading buffer (50 mM phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 7.8) and filtered through a 0.45 μ filter. A Ni2+-NTA agarose column (commercially available from Qiagen) is prepared with a bed volume of 5 mL, washed with 25 mL of water and equilibrated with 25 mL of loading buffer. The filtered cell extract is loaded onto the column at 0.5 mL per minute. The column is washed to baseline A280 with loading buffer, at which point fraction collection is started. Next, the column is washed with a secondary wash buffer (50 mM phosphate; 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, pH 6.0), which elutes nonspecifically bound protein. After reaching A280 baseline again, the column is developed with a 0 to 500 mM Imidazole gradient in the secondary wash buffer. One mL fractions are collected and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining or Western blot with Ni2+-NTA-conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Qiagen). Fractions containing the eluted His10-tagged PRO are pooled and dialyzed against loading buffer.
Alternatively, purification of the IgG tagged (or Fc tagged) PRO can be performed using known chromatography techniques, including for instance, Protein A or protein G column chromatography. Many of the PRO polypeptides disclosed herein were successfully expressed as described above.
EXAMPLE 11: Preparation of Antibodies that Bind PRO
This example illustrates preparation of monoclonal antibodies which can specifically bind PRO.
Techniques for producing the monoclonal antibodies are known in the art and are described, for instance, in Goding, supra. Immunogens that may be employed include purified PRO, fusion proteins containing PRO, and cells expressing recombinant PRO on the cell surface. Selection of the immunogen can be made by the skilled artisan without undue experimentation.
Mice, such as Balb/c, are immunized with the PRO immunogen emulsified in complete Freund' s adjuvant and injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in an amount from 1-100 micrograms. Alternatively, the immunogen is emulsified in MPL-TDM adjuvant (Ribi Immunochemical Research, Hamilton, MT) and injected into the animal's hind foot pads. The immunized mice are then boosted 10 to 12 days later with additional immunogen emulsified in the selected adjuvant. Thereafter, for several weeks, the mice may also be boosted with additional immunization injections. Serum samples may be periodically obtained from the mice by retro-orbital bleeding for testing in ELISA assays to detect anti-PRO antibodies.
After a suitable antibody titer has been detected, the animals "positive" for antibodies can be injected with a final intravenous injection of PRO. Three to four days later, the mice are sacrificed and the spleen cells are harvested. The spleen cells are then fused (using 35 % polyethylene glycol) to a selected murine myeloma cell line such as P3X63AgU.l, available from ATCC, No. CRL 1597. The fusions generate hybridoma cells which can then be plated in 96 well tissue culture plates containing HAT (hypoxanfhine, aminopterin, and thymidine) medium to inhibit proliferation of non-fused cells, myeloma hybrids, and spleen cell hybrids.
The hybridoma cells will be screened in an ELISA for reactivity against PRO. Determination of "positive" hybridoma cells secreting the desired monoclonal antibodies against PRO is within the skill in the art. The positive hybridoma cells can be injected intraperitoneally into syngeneic Balb/c mice to produce ascites containing the anti-PRO monoclonal antibodies. Alternatively, the hybridoma cells can be grown in tissue culture flasks or roller bottles. Purification of the monoclonal antibodies produced in the ascites can be accomplished using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel exclusion chromatography. Alternatively, affinity chromatography based upon binding of antibody to protein A or protein G can be employed.
EXAMPLE 12: Purification of PRO Polypeptides Using Specific Antibodies
Native or recombinant PRO polypeptides may be purified by a variety of standard techniques in the art of protein purification. For example, pro-PRO polypeptide, mature PRO polypeptide, or pre-PRO polypeptide is purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using antibodies specific for the PRO polypeptide of interest. In general, an immunoaffinity column is constructed by covalently coupling the anti-PRO polypeptide antibody to an activated chromatographic resin.
Polyclonal immunoglobulins are prepared from immune sera either by precipitation with ammonium sulfate or by purification on immobilized Protein A (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, N.J.). Likewise, monoclonal antibodies are prepared from mouse ascites fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation or chromatography on immobilized Protein A. Partially purified immunoglobulin is covalently attached to a chromatographic resin such as CnBr-activated SEPHAROSE™ (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology). The antibody is coupled to the resin, the resin is blocked, and the derivative resin is washed according to the manufacturer's instractions.
Such an immunoaffinity column is utilized in the purification of PRO polypeptide by preparing a fraction from cells containing PRO polypeptide in a soluble form. This preparation is derived by solubilization of the whole cell or of a subcellular fraction obtained via differential centrifugation by the addition of detergent or by other methods well known in the art. Alternatively, soluble PRO polypeptide containing a signal sequence may be secreted in useful quantity into the medium in which the cells are grown.
A soluble PRO polypeptide-containing preparation is passed over the immunoaffinity column, and the column is washed under conditions that allow the preferential absorbance of PRO polypeptide (e.g. , high ionic strength buffers in the presence of detergent). Then, the column is eluted under conditions that disrupt antibody/PRO polypeptide binding (e.g. , a low pH buffer such as approximately pH 2-3, or a high concentration of a chaotrope such as urea or fhiocyanate ion), and PRO polypeptide is collected.
EXAMPLE 13: Drag Screening
This invention is particularly useful for screening compounds by using PRO polypeptides or binding fragment thereof in any of a variety of drag screening techniques. The PRO polypeptide or fragment employed in such a test may either be free in solution, affixed to a solid support, borne on a cell surface, or located intracellularly. One method of drag screening utilizes eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells which are stably transformed with recombinant nucleic acids expressing the PRO polypeptide or fragment. Drags are screened against such transformed cells in competitive binding assays. Such cells, either in viable or fixed foπn, can be used for standard binding assays. One may measure, for example, the formation of complexes between PRO polypeptide or a fragment and the agent being tested. Alternatively, one can examine the diminution in complex formation between the PRO polypeptide and its target cell or target receptors caused by the agent being tested.
Thus, the present invention provides methods of screening for drugs or any other agents which can affect a PRO polypeptide-associated disease or disorder. These methods comprise contacting such an agent with an PRO polypeptide or fragment thereof and assaying (I) for the presence of a complex between the agent and the PRO polypeptide or fragment, or (ii) for the presence of a complex between the PRO polypeptide or fragment and the cell, by methods well known in the art. In such competitive binding assays, the PRO polypeptide or fragment is typically labeled. After suitable incubation, free PRO polypeptide or fragment is separated from that present in bound form, and the amount of free or uncomplexed label is a measure of the ability of the particular agent to bind to PRO polypeptide or to interfere with the PRO polypeptide/cell complex. Another technique for drag screening provides high throughput screening for compounds having suitable binding affinity to a polypeptide and is described in detail in WO 84/03564, published on September 13, 1984. Briefly' stated, large numbers of different small peptide test compounds are synthesized on a solid substrate, such as plastic pins or some other surface. As applied to a PRO polypeptide, the peptide test compounds are reacted with PRO polypeptide and washed. Bound PRO polypeptide is detected by methods well known in the art. Purified PRO polypeptide can also be coated directly onto plates for use in the aforementioned drag screening techniques. In addition, non-neutralizing antibodies can be used to capture the peptide and immobilize it on the solid support.
This invention also contemplates the use of competitive drag screening assays in which neutralizing antibodies capable of binding PRO polypeptide specifically compete with a test compound for binding to PRO polypeptide or fragments thereof. In this manner, the antibodies can be used to detect the presence of any peptide which shares one or more antigenic determinants with PRO polypeptide.
EXAMPLE 14: Rational Drag Design
The goal of rational drug design is to produce structural analogs of biologically active polypeptide of interest (i.e. , a PRO polypeptide) or of small molecules with which they interact, e.g. , agonists, antagonists, or inhibitors. Any of these examples can be used to fashion drags which are more active or stable forms of the PRO polypeptide or which enhance or interfere with the function of the PRO polypeptide in vivo (c.f., Hodgson, Bio/Technology. 9: 19-21 (1991)).
In one approach, the three-dimensional stracture of the PRO polypeptide, or of an PRO polypeptide-inhibitor complex, is determined by x-ray crystallography, by computer modeling or, most typically, by a combination of the two approaches. Both the shape and charges of the PRO polypeptide must be ascertained to elucidate the structure and to determine active site(s) of the molecule. Less often, useful information regarding the structure of the PRO polypeptide may be gained by modeling based on the stmcture of homologous proteins . In both cases, relevant stractural information is used to design analogous PRO polypeptide-like molecules or to identify efficient inhibitors. Useful examples of rational drag design may include molecules which have improved activity or stability as shown by Braxton and Wells, Biochemistry. 31 :7796-7801 (1992) or which act as inhibitors, agonists, or antagonists of native peptides as shown by Athauda et al., J. Biochem.. 113:742-746 (1993). It is also possible to isolate a target-specific antibody, selected by functional assay, as described above, and then to solve its crystal stracture. This approach, in principle, yields a pharmacore upon which subsequent drag design can be based. It is possible to bypass protein crystallography altogether by generating anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) to a functional, pharmacologically active antibody. As a mirror image of a mirror image, the binding site of the anti-ids would be expected to be an analog of the original receptor. The anti-id could then be used to identify and isolate peptides from banks of chemically or biologically produced peptides. The isolated peptides would then act as the pharmacore.
By virtue of the present invention, sufficient amounts of the PRO polypeptide may be made available to perform such analytical studies as X-ray crystallography. In addition, knowledge of the PRO polypeptide amino acid sequence provided herein will provide guidance to those employing computer modeling techniques in place of or in addition to x-ray crystallography.
EXAMPLE 15: Pericyte c-Fos Induction (Assay 93)
This assay shows that certain polypeptides of the invention act to induce the expression of c-fos in pericyte cells and, therefore, are useful not only as diagnostic markers for particular types of pericyte-associated tumors but also for giving rise to antagonists which would be expected to be useful for the therapeutic treatment of pericyte-associated tumors. Induction of c-fos expression in pericytes is also indicative of the induction of angiogenesis and, as such, PRO polypeptides capable of inducing the expression of c-fos would be expected to be useful for the treatment of conditions where induced angiogenesis would be beneficial including, for example, wound healing, and the like. Specifically, on day 1, pericytes are received from VEC Technologies and all but 5 ml of media is removed from flask. On day 2, the pericytes are trypsinized, washed, spun and then plated onto 96 well plates. On day 7, the media is removed and the pericytes are treated with 100 μl of PRO polypeptide test samples and controls (positive control = DME+5% serum +/- PDGF at 500 ng/ml; negative control = protein 32). Replicates are averaged and SD/CV are determined. Fold increase over Protein 32 (buffer control) value indicated by chemiluminescence units (RLU) luminometer reading verses frequency is plotted on a histogram. Two-fold above Protein 32 value is considered positive for the assay. ASY Matrix: Growth media = low glucose DMEM = 20% FBS + IX pen strep + IX fungizone. Assay Media = low glucose DMEM +5% FBS.
The following polypeptides tested positive in this assay: PR0982, PRO1160, PR01187, and PR01329. EXAMPLE 16: Chondrocvte Re-differentiation Assay (Assay 110)
This assay shows that certain polypeptides of the invention act to induce redifferentiation of chondrocytes, therefore, are expected to be useful for the treatment of various bone and/or cartilage disorders such as, for example, sports injuries and arthritis. The assay is performed as follows. Porcine chondrocytes are isolated by overnight collagenase digestion of articulary cartilage of metacarpophalangeal joints of 4-6 month old female pigs . The isolated cells are then seeded at 25,000 cells/cm2 in Ham F-12 containing 10% FBS and 4 μg/ml gentamycin. The culture media is changed every third day and the cells are then seeded in 96 well plates at 5,000 cells/well in lOOμl of the same media without serum and 100 μl of the test PRO polypeptide, 5 nM staurosporin (positive control) or medium alone (negative control) is added to give a final volume of 200 μl/well. After 5 days of incubation at 37°C, a picture of each well is taken and the differentiation state of the chondrocytes is determined. A positive result in the assay occurs when the redifferentiation of the chondrocytes is determined to be more similar to the positive control than the negative control.
The following polypeptide tested positive in this assay: PR0357.
EXAMPLE 17: Identification of PRO Polypeptides That Stimulate TNF-α Release In Human Blood (Assay 128) This assay shows that certain PRO polypeptides of the present invention act to stimulate the release of
TNF-α in human blood. PRO polypeptides testing positive in this assay are useful for, among other things, research purposes where stimulation of the release of TNF-α would be desired and for the therapeutic treatment of conditions wherein enhanced TNF-α release would be beneficial. Specifically, 200 μl of human blood supplemented with 50mM Hepes buffer (pH 7.2) is aliquoted per well in a 96 well test plate. To each well is then added 300μl of either the test PRO polypeptide in 50 mM Hepes buffer (at various concentrations) or 50 mM
Hepes buffer alone (negative control) and the plates are incubated at 37 °C for 6 hours. The samples are then centrifuged and 50μl of plasma is collected from each well and tested for the presence of TNF-α by ELISA assay. A positive in the assay is a higher amount of TNF-α in the PRO polypeptide treated samples as compared to the negative control samples. The following PRO polypeptides tested positive in this assay: PR0231, PR0357, PR0725, PROH55,
PRO1306, and PR01419.
EXAMPLE 18: Promotion of Chondrocvte Redifferentiation (Assay 129)
This assay is designed to determine whether PRO polypeptides of the present invention show the ability to induce the proliferation and/or redifferentiation of chondrocytes in culture. PRO polypeptides testing positive in this assay would be expected to be useful for the therapeutic treatment of various bone and/or cartilage disorders such as, for example, sports injuries and arthritis.
Porcine chondrocytes are isolated by overnight collagenase digestion of articular cartilage of the metacarpophalangeal joint of 4-6 month old female pigs. The isolated cells are then seeded at 25,000 cells/cm2 in Ham F-12 containing 10% FBS and 4 μg/ml gentamycin. The culture media is changed every third day. On day 12, the cells are seeded in 96 well plates at 5,000 cells/well in lOOμl of the same media without serum and
100 μl of either serum-free medium (negative control), staurosporin (final concentration of 5 nM; positive control) or the test PRO polypeptide are added to give a final volume of 200 μl/well. After 5 days at 37 °C, 22 μl of media comtaining lOOμg/ml Hoechst 33342 and 50 μg/ml 5-CFDA is added to each well and incubated for an additional 10 minutes at 37°C. A picture of the green fluorescence is taken for each well and the differentiation state of the chondrocytes is calculated by morphometric analysis. A positive result in the assay is obtained when the > 50% of the PRO polypeptide treated cells are differentiated (compared to the background obtained by the negative control).
The following PRO polypeptides tested positive in this assay: PR0229, PRO 1272, and PRO4405.
EXAMPLE 19: Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation (Assay 141)
This assay is designed to determine whether PRO polypeptides of the present invention show the ability to induce proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells in culture and, therefore, function as useful growth factors.
On day 0, human dermal fibroblast cells (from cell lines, maximum of 12-14 passages) were plated in 96-well plates at 1000 cells/well per 100 microliter and incubated overnight in complete media [fibroblast growth media (FGM, Clonetics), plus supplements: insulin, human epithelial growth factor (hEGF), gentamicin (GA- 1000), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Clonetics)] . On day 1 , complete media was replaced by basal media [FGM plus 1% FBS] and addition of PRO polypeptides at 1%, 0.1% and 0.01%. On day 7, an assessment of cell proliferation was performed by Alamar Blue assay followed by Crystal Violet. Results are expressed as % of the cell growth observed with control buffer.
The following PRO polypeptides stimulated normal human dermal fibroblast proliferation in this assay: PR0982, PR0357, PR0725, PRO1306, PR01419, PR0214, PR0247, PR0337, PR0526, PR0363, PR0531, PRO1083, PRO840, PRO1080, PR01478, PR01134, PR0826, PRO1005, PRO809, PRO1071, PR01411, PRO1309, PRO1025, PR01181, PR01126, PR01186, PROH92, PR01244, PR01274, PR01412, PR01286, PRO1330, PR01347, PRO1305, PR01273, PR01279, PRO1340, PR01338, PR01343, PR01376, PR01387, PRO1409, PR01474, PR01917, PRO1760, PR01567, PR01887, PR01928, PR04341, PRO1801, PR04333, PR03543, PR03444, PR04322, PRO9940, PRO6079, PR09836 and PRO10096.
The following PRO polypeptides inhibited normal human dermal fibroblast proliferation in this assay: PR0181, PR0229, PR0788, PR01194, PR01272, PR01488, PRO4302, PRO4408, PR05723, PR05725, PR07154, and PR07425.
EXAMPLE 20: Microarray Analysis to Detect Overexpression of PRO Polypeptides in Cancerous Tumors
Nucleic acid microarrays, often containing thousands of gene sequences, are useful for identifying differentially expressed genes in diseased tissues as compared to their normal counterparts. Using nucleic acid microarrays, test and control mRNA samples from test and control tissue samples are reverse transcribed and labeled to generate cDNA probes . The cDNA probes are then hybridized to an array of nucleic acids immobilized on a solid support. The array is configured such that the sequence and position of each member of the array is known. For example, a selection of genes known to be expressed in certain disease states may be arrayed on a solid support. Hybridization of a labeled probe with a particular array member indicates that the sample from which the probe was derived expresses that gene . If the hybridization signal of a probe from a test (disease tissue) sample is greater than hybridization signal of a probe from a control (normal tissue) sample, the gene or genes overexpressed in the disease tissue are identified. The implication of this result is that an overexpressed protein in a diseased tissue is useful not only as a diagnostic marker for the presence of the disease condition, but also as a therapeutic target for treatment of the disease condition. The methodology of hybridization of nucleic acids and microarray technology is well known in the art.
In the present example, the specific preparation of nucleic acids for hybridization and probes, slides, and hybridization conditions are all detailed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/193,767, filed on March 31, 2000 and which is herein incorporated by reference.
In the present example, cancerous tumors derived from various human tissues were studied for PRO polypeptide-encoding gene expression relative to non-cancerous human tissue in an attempt to identify those PRO polypeptides which are overexpressed in cancerous tumors. Cancerous human tumor tissue from any of a variety of different human tumors was obtained and compared to a "universal" epithelial control sample which was prepared by pooling non-cancerous human tissues of epithelial origin, including liver, kidney, and lung. mRNA isolated from the pooled tissues represents a mixture of expressed gene products from these different tissues. Microarray hybridization experiments using the pooled control samples generated a linear plot in a 2-color analysis . The slope of the line generated in a 2-color analysis was then used to normalize the ratios of (test : control detection) within each experiment. The normalized ratios from various experiments were then compared and used to identify clustering of gene expression. Thus, the pooled "universal control" sample not only allowed effective relative gene expression determinations in a simple 2-sample comparison, it also allowed multi-sample comparisons across several experiments.
In the present experiments, nucleic acid probes derived from the herein described PRO polypeptide- encoding nucleic acid sequences were used in the creation of the microarray and RNA from a panel of nine different tumor tissues (listed below) were used for the hybridization thereto. A value based upon the normalized ratio.-experimental ratio was designated as a "cutoff ratio". Only values that were above this cutoff ratio were determined to be significant. Table 8 below shows the results of these experiments, demonstrating that various PRO polypeptides of the present invention are significantly overexpressed in various human tumor tissues, as compared to a non-cancerous human tissue control or other human tumor tissues. As described above, these data demonstrate that the PRO polypeptides of the present invention are useful not only as diagnostic markers for the presence of one or more cancerous tumors, but also serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of those tumors.
TABLE 8 Molecule is overexpressed in: as compared to normal control:
PRO6004 colon tumor universal normal control PR04981 colon tumor universal normal control
PR04981 lung tumor universal normal control
PR07174 colon tumor universal normal control TABLE 8 (conf)
Molecule is overexpressed in: as compared to normal control: PR05778 lung tumor universal normal control PR05778 breast tumor universal normal control PR05778 liver tumor universal normal control
PR04332 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09799 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO9909 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09917 colon tumor universal normal control PR09917 lung tumor universal normal control PR09917 breast tumor universal normal control
PR09771 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09877 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO9903 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO9830 colon rumor universal normal control
PR07155 colon tumor universal normal control PR07155 lung tumor universal normal control PR07155 prostate tumor universal normal control
PR09862 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09882 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09864 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10013 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09885 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09879 colon tumor universal normal control
PROIOI 11 colon tumor universal normal control PROIOI 11 rectal tumor universal normal control
PR09925 breast tumor universal normal control PR09925 rectal tumor universal normal control PR09925 colon tumor universal normal control PR09925 lung tumor universal normal control
PRO9905 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10276 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09898 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO9904 colon tumor universal normal control TABLE 8 (cont")
Molecule is overexpressed in: as compared to normal control: PR019632 colon tumor universal normal control
PR019672 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09783 colon tumor universal normal control PR09783 lung tumor universal normal control PR09783 breast tumor universal normal control PR09783 prostate tumor universal normal control PR09783 rectal tumor universal normal control
PROIOI 12 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10284 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO 10100 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO 19628 colon tumor universal normal control
PR019684 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10274 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO9907 colon tumor universal normal control
PR09873 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10201 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO 10200 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10196 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO10282 lung tumor universal normal control PRO10282 breast tumor universal normal control PRO 10282 colon tumor universal normal control PRO 10282 rectal tumor universal normal control
PRO19650 colon tumor universal normal control
PR021184 lung tumor universal normal control PR021184 breast tumor universal normal control PR021184 colon tumor universal normal control
PRO21201 breast tumor universal normal control PRO21201 colon tumor universal normal control
PR021175 breast tumor universal normal control PR021175 colon tumor universal normal control PR021175 lung tumor universal normal control
PRO21340 colon tumor universal normal control PRO21340 prostate tumor universal normal control
PR021384 colon tumor universal normal control TABLE 8 (conf)
Molecule is overexpressed in: as compared to normal control:
PR021384 lung tumor universal normal control
PR021384 breast tumor universal normal control
EXAMPLE 21: Tumor Versus Normal Differential Tissue Expression Distribution
Oligonucleotide probes were constructed from some of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleotide sequences shown in the accompanying figures for use in quantitative PCR amplification reactions. The oligonucleotide probes were chosen so as to give an approximately 200-600 base pair amplified fragment from the 3' end of its associated template in a standard PCR reaction. The oligonucleotide probes were employed in standard quantitative PCR amplification reactions with cDNA libraries isolated from different human tumor and normal human tissue samples and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis so as to obtain a quantitative deteπnination of the level of expression of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid in the various tumor and normal tissues tested, β-actin was used as a control to assure that equivalent amounts of nucleic acid was used in each reaction. Identification of the differential expression of the PRO polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid in one or more tumor tissues as compared to one or more normal tissues of the same tissue type renders the molecule useful diagnostically for the determination of the presence or absence of tumor in a subject suspected of possessing a tumor as well as therapeutically as a target for the treatment of a tumor in a subject possessing such a tumor. These assays provided the following results.
(1) the DNA94849-2960 molecule is significantly expressed in the following tissues: cartilage, testis, colon tumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow, adrenal gland, prostate, spleen aortic endothelial cells and uterus, and not significantly expressed in the following tissues: HUVEC.
(2) the DNA100272-2969 molecule is significantly expressed in cartilage, testis, human umblilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon tumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow, adrenal gland, prostate, spleen and aortic endothelial cells; and not significantly expressed in uterus. Among a panel of normal and tumor cells examined, the DNA100272-2969 was found to be expressed in normal esophagus, esophageal tumor, normal stomach, stomach tumor, normal kidney, kidney tumor, normal lung, lung tumor, normal rectum, rectal rumor, normal liver and liver tumor.
(3) the DNA108696-2966 molecule is highly expressed in prostate and also expressed in testis, bone marrow and spleen. The DNA108696-2966 molecule is expressed in normal stomach, but not expressed in stomach rumor. The DNA 108696-2966 molecule is not expressed in normal kidney, kidney tumor, normal lung, or lung tumor. The DNA108696-2966 molecule is highly expressed in normal rectum, lower expression in rectal tumor. The DNA108696-2966 molecule is not expressed in normal liver or liver tumor. The DNA108696-2966 molecule is not expressed in normal esophagus, esophagial tumor, cartilage, HUVEC, colon tumor, heart, placenta, adrenal gland, aortic endothelial cells and uterus.
(4) the DNA119498-2965 molecule is significantly expressed in the following tissues: highly expressed in aortic endothelial cells, and also significantly expressed in cartilage, testis, HUVEC, colon tumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow, adrenal galnd, prostate and spleen. It is not significantly expressed in uterus. (5) the DNA119530-2968 molecule is expressed in the following tissues: normal esophagus and not expressed in the following tissues: esophageal tumors, stomach tumors, normal stomach, normal kidney, kidney tumor, normal lung, lung tumor, normal rectum, rectal tumors, normal liver or liver tumors.
(6) the DNA129794-2967 molecule is significantly expressed in testis and adrenal gland; and not significantly expressed in cartilage, human umblilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon tumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow, prostate, spleen, aortic endothelial cells and utems.
(7) the DNA131590-2962 molecule is significantly expressed in the following tissues: bone marrow, adrenal gland, prostate, spleen, uterus, cartilage, testis, colon tumor, heart, and placenta, and not significantly expressed in the following tissues: HUVEC, and aortic endothelial cells.
(8) the DNA 149995-2871 molecule is highly expressed in testis, and adrenal gland; expressed in cartilage, human umblilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon tumor, heart, prostate and uteras; weakly expressed in bone marrow, spleen and aortic endothelial cells; and not significantly expressed in placenta.
(9) the DNA 167678-2963 molecule is significantly expressed in the following tissues: normal esophagus, esophagial tumor, highly expressed in normal stomach, stomach tumor, highly expressed in normal kidney, kidney tumor, expressed in lung, lung tumor, normal rectum, rectal tumor, weakly expressed in normal liver, and not significantly expressed in liver tumor.
(10) the DNA 168028-2956 molecule is highly expressed in bone marrow; expressed in testis, human umblilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon tumor, heart, placenta, adrenal gland, prostate, spleen, aortic endothelial cells and utems; and is weakly expressed in cartilage. Among a panel of normal and tumor samples examined, the DNA 168028-2956 was found to be expressed in stomach tumor, normal kidney, kidney tumor, lung tumor, normal rectum and rectal tumor; and not expressed in normal esophagus, esophageal tumor, normal stomach, normal lung, normal liver and liver tumor.
(11) the DNA176775-2957 molecule is highly expressed in testis; expressed in cartilage and prostate; weakly expressed in adrenal gland, spleen and utems; and not significantly expressed in human umblilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon rumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow and aortic endothelial cells. (12) the DNA 177313-2982 molecule is significantly expressed in prostate and aortic endothelial cells; and not significantly expressed in cartilage, testis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), colon tumor, heart, placenta, bone marrow, adrenal gland, spleen and utems. Among a panel of normal and tumor cells, the DNA 177313-2982 molecule was found to be expressed in esophageal tumor but not in normal esophagus, normal stomach, stomach tumor, normal kidney, kidney tumor, normal lung, lung tumor, normal rectum, rectal tumor, normal liver and liver tumor.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. Isolated nucleic acid having at least 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity to a nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 {SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO:108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO:114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO:116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO:118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO:120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO:184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO:186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO:188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO:190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), and Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244).
2. Isolated nucleic acid having at least 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity to a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in Figures 1A-1B (SEQ ID NO: 1), Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:3), Figure 5 (SEQ ID NO:5), Figure 7 (SEQ ID NO:7), Figure 9 (SEQ ID NO:9), Figure 11 (SEQ ID NO: 11), Figure 13 (SEQ ID NO: 13), Figure 15 (SEQ ID NO: 15), Figure 17 (SEQ ID NO: 17), Figure 19 (SEQ ID NO: 19), Figure 21 (SEQ ID NO:21), Figure 23 (SEQ ID NO:23), Figure 25 (SEQ ID NO:25), Figure 27 (SEQ ID NO:27), Figure 29 (SEQ ID NO:29), Figure 31 (SEQ ID NO:31), Figure 33 (SEQ ID NO:33), Figure 35 (SEQ ID NO:35), Figure 37 (SEQ ID NO:37), Figure 39 (SEQ ID NO:39), Figure 41 (SEQ ID NO:41), Figure 43 (SEQ ID NO:43), Figure 45 (SEQ ID NO:45), Figure 47 (SEQ ID NO:47), Figure 49 (SEQ ID NO:49), Figure 51 (SEQ ID NO:51), Figure 53 (SEQ ID NO:53), Figure 55 (SEQ ID NO:55), Figure 57 (SEQ ID NO:57), Figures 59A-59B (SEQ ID NO:59), Figure 61 (SEQ ID NO:61), Figure 63 (SEQ ID NO:63), Figure 65 (SEQ ID NO:65), Figure 67 (SEQ ID NO:67), Figure 69 (SEQ ID NO:69), Figure 71 (SEQ ID NO:71), Figure 73 (SEQ ID NO:73), Figure 75 (SEQ ID NO:75), Figure 77 (SEQ ID NO:77), Figure 79 (SEQ ID NO:79), Figure 81 (SEQ ID NO:81), Figure 83 (SEQ ID NO:83), Figure 85 (SEQ ID NO:85), Figure 87 (SEQ ID NO:87), Figure 89 (SEQ ID NO:89), Figure 91 (SEQ ID NO:91), Figure 93 (SEQ ID NO:93), Figure 95 (SEQ ID NO:95), Figure 97 (SEQ ID NO:97), Figure 99 (SEQ ID NO:99), Figure 101 (SEQ ID NO: 101), Figure 103 (SEQ ID NO: 103), Figure 105 (SEQ ID NO: 105), Figure 107 (SEQ ID NO: 107), Figure 109 (SEQ ID NO:109), Figure 111 (SEQ ID NO:lll), Figure 113 (SEQ ID NO:113), Figure 115 (SEQ ID NO: 115), Figure 117 (SEQ ID NO: 117), Figure 119 (SEQ ID NO: 119), Figure 121 (SEQ ID NO: 121), Figure 123 (SEQ ID NO: 123), Figure 125 (SEQ ID NO: 125), Figure 127 (SEQ ID NO: 127), Figure 129 (SEQ ID NO:129), Figure 131 (SEQ ID NO:131), Figure 133 (SEQ ID NO:133), Figure 135 (SEQ ID NO:135), Figure 137 (SEQ ID NO: 137), Figure 139 (SEQ ID NO: 139), Figure 141 (SEQ ID NO: 141), Figure 143 (SEQ ID NO: 143), Figure 145 (SEQ ID NO: 145), Figure 147 (SEQ ID NO: 147), Figure 149 (SEQ ID NO: 149), Figure 151 (SEQ ID NO: 151), Figure 153 (SEQ ID NO: 153), Figure 155 (SEQ ID NO: 155), Figure 157 (SEQ ID NO: 157), Figure 159 (SEQ ID NO: 159), Figure 161 (SEQ ID NO: 161), Figure 163 (SEQ ID NO: 163), Figure 165 (SEQ ID NO: 165), Figure 167 (SEQ ID NO: 167), Figure 169 (SEQ ID NO: 169), Figure 171 (SEQ ID NO: 171), Figure 173 (SEQ ID NO: 173), Figure 175 (SEQ ID NO: 175), Figure 177 (SEQ ID NO: 177), Figure 179 (SEQ ID NO: 179), Figure 181 (SEQ ID NO: 181), Figure 183 (SEQ ID NO: 183), Figure 185 (SEQ ID NO: 185), Figure 187 (SEQ ID NO: 187), Figure 189 (SEQ ID NO: 189), Figure 191 (SEQ ID NO: 191), Figure 193 (SEQ ID NO: 193), Figure 195 (SEQ ID NO: 195), Figure 197 (SEQ ID NO: 197), Figure 199 (SEQ ID NO: 199), Figure 201 (SEQ ID NO:201), Figure 203 (SEQ ID NO:203), Figure 205 (SEQ ID NO:205), Figure 207 (SEQ ID NO:207), Figure 209 (SEQ ID NO:209), Figure 211 (SEQ ID NO:211), Figure 213 (SEQ ID NO:213), Figure 215 (SEQ ID NO:215), Figure 217 (SEQ ID NO:217), Figure 219 (SEQ ID NO:219), Figure 221 (SEQ ID NO:221), Figure 223 (SEQ ID NO:223), Figure 225 (SEQ ID NO:225), Figure 227 (SEQ ID NO:227), Figure 229 (SEQ ID NO:229), Figure 231 (SEQ ID NO:231), Figure 233 (SEQ ID NO:233), Figure 235 (SEQ ID NO:235), Figure 237 (SEQ ID NO:237), Figure 239 (SEQ ID NO:239), Figure 241 (SEQ ID NO:241), and Figure 243 (SEQ ID NO:243).
3. Isolated nucleic acid having at least 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity to a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of the full-length coding sequence of the nucleotide sequence shown in Figures 1A-1B (SEQ ID NO:l), Figure 3 (SEQ ID NO:3), Figure 5 (SEQ ID NO:5), Figure 7 (SEQ ID NO:7), Figure 9 (SEQ ID NO:9), Figure 11 (SEQ ID NO:ll), Figure 13 (SEQ ID NO: 13), Figure 15 (SEQ ID NO:15), Figure 17 (SEQ ID NO: 17), Figure 19 (SEQ ID NO: 19), Figure 21 (SEQ ID NO:21), Figure 23 (SEQ ID NO:23), Figure 25 (SEQ ID NO:25), Figure 27 (SEQ ID NO:27), Figure 29 (SEQ ID NO:29), Figure 31 (SEQ ID NO.-31), Figure 33 (SEQ ID NO:33), Figure 35 (SEQ ID NO:35), Figure 37 (SEQ ID NO:37), Figure 39 (SEQ ID NO:39), Figure 41 (SEQ ID NO:41), Figure 43 (SEQ ID NO:43), Figure 45 (SEQ ID NO:45), Figure 47 (SEQ ID NO:47), Figure 49 (SEQ ID NO:49), Figure 51 (SEQ ID NO:51), Figure 53 (SEQ ID NO:53), Figure 55 (SEQ ID NO:55), Figure 57 (SEQ ID NO:57), Figures 59A-59B (SEQ ID NO:59), Figure 61 (SEQ ID NO:61), Figure 63 (SEQ ID NO:63), Figure 65 (SEQ ID NO:65), Figure 67 (SEQ ID NO:67), Figure 69 (SEQ ID NO:69), Figure 71 (SEQ ID NO:71), Figure 73 (SEQ ID NO:73), Figure 75 (SEQ ID NO:75), Figure 77 (SEQ ID NO:77), Figure 79 (SEQ ID NO:79), Figure 81 (SEQ ID NO:81), Figure 83 (SEQ ID NO:83), Figure 85 (SEQ ID NO:85), Figure 87 (SEQ ID NO:87), Figure 89 (SEQ ID NO:89), Figure 91 (SEQ ID NO:91), Figure 93 (SEQ ID NO:93), Figure 95 (SEQ ID NO:95), Figure 97 (SEQ ID NO:97), Figure 99 (SEQ ID NO:99), Figure 101 (SEQ ID NO: 101), Figure 103 (SEQ ID NO: 103), Figure 105 (SEQ ID NO: 105), Figure 107 (SEQ ID NO: 107), Figure 109 (SEQ ID NO: 109), Figure 111 (SEQ ID NO:lll), Figure 113 (SEQ ID NO:113), Figure 115 (SEQ ID NO: 115), Figure 117 (SEQ ID NO: 117), Figure 119 (SEQ ID NO:119), Figure 121 (SEQ ID NO: 121), Figure 123 (SEQ ID NO: 123), Figure 125 (SEQ ID NO: 125), Figure 127 (SEQ ID NO:127), Figure 129 (SEQ ID NO:129), Figure 131 (SEQ ID NO: 131), Figure 133 (SEQ ID NO: 133), Figure 135 (SEQ ID NO: 135), Figure 137 (SEQ ID NO: 137), Figure 139 (SEQ ID NO: 139), Figure 141 (SEQ ID NO: 141), Figure 143 (SEQ ID NO: 143), Figure 145 (SEQ ID NO: 145), Figure 147 (SEQ ID NO: 147), Figure 149 (SEQ ID NO: 149), Figure 151 (SEQ ID NO: 151), Figure 153 (SEQ ID NO: 153), Figure 155 (SEQ ID NO: 155), Figure 157 (SEQ ID NO: 157), Figure 159 (SEQ ID NO: 159), Figure 161 (SEQ ID NO: 161), Figure 163 (SEQ ID NO: 163), Figure 165 (SEQ ID NO: 165), Figure 167 (SEQ ID NO: 167), Figure 169 (SEQ ID NO: 169), Figure 171 (SEQ ID NO: 171), Figure 173 (SEQ ID NO: 173), Figure 175 (SEQ ID NO: 175), Figure 177 (SEQ ID NO: 177), Figure 179 (SEQ ID NO: 179), Figure 181 (SEQ ID NO: 181), Figure 183 (SEQ ID NO: 183), Figure 185 (SEQ ID NO: 185), Figure 187 (SEQ ID NO: 187), Figure 189 (SEQ ID NO: 189), Figure 191 (SEQ ID NO: 191), Figure 193 (SEQ ID NO: 193), Figure 195 (SEQ ID NO: 195), Figure 197 (SEQ ID NO: 197), Figure 199 (SEQ ID NO: 199), Figure 201 (SEQ ID NO:201), Figure 203 (SEQ ID NO:203), Figure 205 (SEQ ID NO:205), Figure 207 (SEQ ID NO:207), Figure 209 (SEQ ID NO:209), Figure 211 (SEQ ID NO:211), Figure 213 (SEQ ID NO:213), Figure 215 (SEQ ID NO:215), Figure 217 (SEQ ID NO:217), Figure 219 (SEQ ID NO:219), Figure 221 (SEQ ID NO:221), Figure 223 (SEQ ID NO:223), Figure 225 (SEQ ID NO:225), Figure 227 (SEQ ID NO:227), Figure 229 (SEQ ID NO:229), Figure 231 (SEQ ID NO:231), Figure 233 (SEQ ID NO:233), Figure 235 (SEQ ID NO:235), Figure 237 (SEQ ID NO:237), Figure 239 (SEQ ID NO:239), Figure 241 (SEQ ID NO:241), and Figure 243 (SEQ ID NO:243).
4. Isolated nucleic acid having at least 80 % nucleic acid sequence identity to the full-length coding sequence of the DNA deposited under any ATCC accession number shown in Table 7.
5. A vector comprising the nucleic acid of Claim 1.
6. A host cell comprising the vector of Claim 5.
7. The host cell of Claim 6, wherein said cell is a CHO cell.
8. The host cell of Claim 6, wherein said cell is an E. coli.
9. The host cell of Claim 6, wherein said cell is a yeast cell.
10. A process for producing a PRO polypeptide comprising culturing the host cell of Claim 6 under conditions suitable for expression of said PRO polypeptide and recovering said PRO polypeptide from the cell culture.
11. An isolated polypeptide having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO: 108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO:114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO: 116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO: 118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO: 120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), and Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244).
12. An isolated polypeptide having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to an amino acid sequence encoded by the full-length coding sequence of the DNA deposited under any ATCC accession number shown in Table 7.
13. A chimeric molecule comprising a polypeptide according to Claim 11 fused to a heterologous amino acid sequence.
14. The chimeric molecule of Claim 13, wherein said heterologous amino acid sequence is an epitope tag sequence.
15. The chimeric molecule of Claim 13, wherein said heterologous amino acid sequence is a Fc region of an immunoglobulin.
16. An antibody which specifically binds to a polypeptide according to Claim 11.
17. The antibody of Claim 16, wherein said antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a humanized antibody or a single-chain antibody.
18. Isolated nucleic acid having at least 80% nucleic acid sequence identity to: (a) a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4
(SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO:106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO:108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO: 110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO: 112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO: 114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO: 116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO:118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO:120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO:122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO:124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO:126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO:128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO:130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242.(SEQ ID NO:242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244), lacking its associated signal peptide;
(b) a nucleotide sequence encoding an extracellular domain of the polypeptide shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO:108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO: 110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO: 112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO: 114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO:116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO:118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO:120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244), with its associated signal peptide; or
(c) a nucleotide sequence encoding an extracellular domain of the polypeptide shown in Figure 2
(SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO: 108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO: 114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO: 116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO:118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO:120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244), lacking its associated signal peptide.
19. An isolated polypeptide having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to: (a) an amino acid sequence of the polypeptide shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO: 2), Figure 4 (SEQ
ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID
NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ
ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28
(SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42),
Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID
NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ
ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66
(SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80),
Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID
NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO: 108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO:114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO:116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO: 118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO: 120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244), lacking its associated signal peptide;
(b) an amino acid sequence of an extracellular domain of the polypeptide shown in Figure 2 (SEQ
ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO: 108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO:114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO: 116), Figure 118 (SEQ ID NO: 118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO: 120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO: 124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO: 126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO: 128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO:158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO:160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO:162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO:164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO: 180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO: 194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO: 242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO: 244), with its associated signal peptide; or
(c) an amino acid sequence of an extracellular domain of the polypeptide shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NO:2), Figure 4 (SEQ ID NO:4), Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO:6), Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO:8), Figure 10 (SEQ ID NO: 10), Figure 12 (SEQ ID NO: 12), Figure 14 (SEQ ID NO: 14), Figure 16 (SEQ ID NO: 16), Figure 18 (SEQ ID NO: 18), Figure 20 (SEQ ID NO:20), Figure 22 (SEQ ID NO:22), Figure 24 (SEQ ID NO:24), Figure 26 (SEQ ID NO:26), Figure 28 (SEQ ID NO:28), Figure 30 (SEQ ID NO:30), Figure 32 (SEQ ID NO:32), Figure 34 (SEQ ID NO:34), Figure 36 (SEQ ID NO:36), Figure 38 (SEQ ID NO:38), Figure 40 (SEQ ID NO:40), Figure 42 (SEQ ID NO:42), Figure 44 (SEQ ID NO:44), Figure 46 (SEQ ID NO:46), Figure 48 (SEQ ID NO:48), Figure 50 (SEQ ID NO:50), Figure 52 (SEQ ID NO:52), Figure 54 (SEQ ID NO:54), Figure 56 (SEQ ID NO:56), Figure 58 (SEQ ID NO:58), Figure 60 (SEQ ID NO:60), Figure 62 (SEQ ID NO:62), Figure 64 (SEQ ID NO:64), Figure 66 (SEQ ID NO:66), Figure 68 (SEQ ID NO:68), Figure 70 (SEQ ID NO:70), Figure 72 (SEQ ID NO:72), Figure 74 (SEQ ID NO:74), Figure 76 (SEQ ID NO:76), Figure 78 (SEQ ID NO:78), Figure 80 (SEQ ID NO:80), Figure 82 (SEQ ID NO:82), Figure 84 (SEQ ID NO:84), Figure 86 (SEQ ID NO:86), Figure 88 (SEQ ID NO:88), Figure 90 (SEQ ID NO:90), Figure 92 (SEQ ID NO:92), Figure 94 (SEQ ID NO:94), Figure 96 (SEQ ID NO:96), Figure 98 (SEQ ID NO:98), Figure 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100), Figure 102 (SEQ ID NO: 102), Figure 104 (SEQ ID NO: 104), Figure 106 (SEQ ID NO: 106), Figure 108 (SEQ ID NO: 108), Figure 110 (SEQ ID NO:110), Figure 112 (SEQ ID NO:112), Figure 114 (SEQ ID NO:114), Figure 116 (SEQ ID NO:116), Figure 118 (SEQID NO:118), Figure 120 (SEQ ID NO: 120), Figure 122 (SEQ ID NO: 122), Figure 124 (SEQ ID NO:124), Figure 126 (SEQ ID NO:126), Figure 128 (SEQ ID NO:128), Figure 130 (SEQ ID NO: 130), Figure 132 (SEQ ID NO: 132), Figure 134 (SEQ ID NO: 134), Figure 136 (SEQ ID NO: 136), Figure 138 (SEQ ID NO: 138), Figure 140 (SEQ ID NO: 140), Figure 142 (SEQ ID NO: 142), Figure 144 (SEQ ID NO: 144), Figure 146 (SEQ ID NO: 146), Figure 148 (SEQ ID NO: 148), Figure 150 (SEQ ID NO: 150), Figure 152 (SEQ ID NO: 152), Figure 154 (SEQ ID NO: 154), Figure 156 (SEQ ID NO: 156), Figure 158 (SEQ ID NO: 158), Figure 160 (SEQ ID NO: 160), Figure 162 (SEQ ID NO: 162), Figure 164 (SEQ ID NO: 164), Figure 166 (SEQ ID NO: 166), Figure 168 (SEQ ID NO: 168), Figure 170 (SEQ ID NO: 170), Figure 172 (SEQ ID NO: 172), Figure 174 (SEQ ID NO: 174), Figure 176 (SEQ ID NO: 176), Figure 178 (SEQ ID NO: 178), Figure 180 (SEQ ID NO:180), Figure 182 (SEQ ID NO: 182), Figure 184 (SEQ ID NO: 184), Figure 186 (SEQ ID NO: 186), Figure 188 (SEQ ID NO: 188), Figure 190 (SEQ ID NO: 190), Figure 192 (SEQ ID NO: 192), Figure 194 (SEQ ID NO:194), Figure 196 (SEQ ID NO: 196), Figure 198 (SEQ ID NO: 198), Figure 200 (SEQ ID NO:200), Figure 202 (SEQ ID NO:202), Figure 204 (SEQ ID NO:204), Figure 206 (SEQ ID NO:206), Figure 208 (SEQ ID NO:208), Figure 210 (SEQ ID NO:210), Figure 212 (SEQ ID NO:212), Figure 214 (SEQ ID NO:214), Figure 216 (SEQ ID NO:216), Figure 218 (SEQ ID NO:218), Figure 220 (SEQ ID NO:220), Figure 222 (SEQ ID NO:222), Figure 224 (SEQ ID NO:224), Figure 226 (SEQ ID NO:226), Figure 228 (SEQ ID NO:228), Figure 230 (SEQ ID NO:230), Figure 232 (SEQ ID NO:232), Figure 234 (SEQ ID NO:234), Figure 236 (SEQ ID NO:236), Figure 238 (SEQ ID NO:238), Figure 240 (SEQ ID NO:240), Figure 242 (SEQ ID NO:242), or Figure 244 (SEQ ID NO:244), lacking its associated signal peptide.
20. A method for stimulating the proliferation of or gene expression in pericyte cells, said method comprising contacting said cells with a PR0982, PROl 160, PROl 187, or PR01329 polypeptide, wherein the proliferation of or gene expression in said cells is stimulated.
21. A method for stimulating the proliferation or differentiation of chondrocyte cells, said method comprising contacting said cells with a PR0357, PR0229, PRO 1272 or PRO4405 polypeptide, wherein the proliferation or differentiation of said cells is stimulated.
22. A method for stimulating the release of TNF-α from human blood, said method comprising contacting said blood with a PR0231, PR0357, PR0725, PR01155, PRO1306 or PR01419 polypeptide, wherein the release of TNF-α from said blood is stimulated.
23. A method for stimulating the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblast cells , said method comprising contacting said cells with a PR0982, PR0357, PR0725, PRO1306, PR01419, PR0214, PR0247, PR0337, PR0526, PR0363, PR0531, PRO1083, PRO840, PRO1080, PR01478, PR01134, PR0826, PRO1005, PRO809, PRO1071, PR01411, PRO1309, PRO1025, PR01181, PR01126, PR01186, PR01192, PR01244, PR01274, PR01412, PR01286, PRO1330, PR01347, PRO1305, PR01273, PR01279, PRO1340, PR01338, PR01343, PR01376, PR01387, PRO1409, PR01474, PR01917, PRO1760, PR01567, PR01887, PR01928, PR04341, PRO1801, PR04333, PR03543, PR03444, PR04322, PRO9940, PRO6079, PR09836 or PRO 10096 polypeptide, wherein the proliferation of said cells is stimulated.
Ill
24. A method for inhibiting the proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblast cells, said method comprising contacting said cells with a PR0181, PR0229, PR0788, PROl 194, PR01272, PR01488, PRO4302, PRO4408, PR05723, PR05725, PR07154, and PR07425 polypeptide, wherein the proliferationof said cells is inhibited.
25. A method for detecting the presence of tumor in an mammal, said method comprising comparing the level of expression of any PRO polypeptide shown in Table 8 in (a) a test sample of cells taken from said mammal and (b) a control sample of normal cells of the same cell type, wherein a higher level of expression of said PRO polypeptide in the test sample as compared to the control sample is indicative of the presence of tumor in said mammal.
26. The method of Claim 25 , wherein said tumor is lung tumor, colon tumor, breast tumor, prostate tumor, rectal tumor, or liver tumor.
27. An oligonucleotide probe derived from any of the nucleotide sequences shown in the accompanying figures.
PCT/US2001/021066 1996-11-06 2001-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same WO2002008288A2 (en)

Priority Applications (801)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01952391A EP1354040A2 (en) 2000-07-20 2001-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
JP2002514192A JP2004514420A (en) 2000-07-20 2001-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding them
AU2001273150A AU2001273150A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2001-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
CA002416456A CA2416456A1 (en) 2000-07-20 2001-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
AU7315001A AU7315001A (en) 2000-07-20 2001-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/918,585 US20030060406A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-07-30 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/931,836 US7435793B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-08-16 Peptides that induce chondrocyte redifferentiation
EP01966255A EP1311668A2 (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
AU8678501A AU8678501A (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
US09/938,418 US20020161199A1 (en) 1998-04-08 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
JP2002522275A JP2004520810A (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for tumor diagnosis and treatment
CA002420193A CA2420193A1 (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
KR1020037002672A KR100607611B1 (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
PCT/US2001/026626 WO2002016602A2 (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
MXPA03001643A MXPA03001643A (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
AU2001286785A AU2001286785B2 (en) 2000-08-24 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
US09/941,992 US20030082546A1 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-08-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
EP07022176A EP1944317A3 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
JP2002529483A JP4451059B2 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding them
PCT/US2001/027099 WO2002024888A2 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
EP01985272A EP1341814A2 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
AU2002216610A AU2002216610A1 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
CA002421056A CA2421056A1 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 A polypeptide for use as a diagnostic marker for the presence of colon tumours
CA002632702A CA2632702A1 (en) 2000-09-01 2001-08-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/946,374 US20030073129A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-09-04 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
AU1661002A AU1661002A (en) 2000-09-01 2001-09-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,193 US20030073624A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,192 US20020177553A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,299 US20030199435A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,298 US20030134785A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,295 US20020156006A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,189 US6972325B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 PRO273 polypeptides
US09/978,191 US20030050239A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,194 US20030195333A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,188 US20030139328A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,757 US20030083248A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,802 US20030199674A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,824 US20050124789A9 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,423 US20030069178A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,375 US7196165B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 PRO363 polypeptides
US09/978,681 US20030195148A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,585 US20030049633A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,697 US20020169284A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,665 US7294700B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Anti-PRO846 antibodies
US09/978,403 US20030050240A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,643 US20030104998A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,564 US7195760B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Anti-pro363 antibodies
US09/981,915 US20030054986A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,608 US20030045462A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/978,544 US20030199436A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/981,915 US7285623B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-16 PRO337 polypeptides
US09/978,824 US20030055216A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/152,388 US20040223964A1 (en) 1998-03-17 2001-10-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/210,028 US20030203446A1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/164,929 US20030194781A1 (en) 1998-03-30 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/164,749 US20040029218A1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/165,036 US20050227342A1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/162,521 US7067628B2 (en) 1998-03-17 2001-10-19 PRO788 polypeptides
US10/160,502 US7220835B2 (en) 1998-07-30 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/145,089 US7208575B2 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-19 PRO531 polypeptides
US10/166,709 US20030104536A1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/164,829 US20030194780A1 (en) 1998-04-29 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/145,017 US20030186365A1 (en) 1998-03-26 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/164,728 US20030186368A1 (en) 1998-05-13 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/145,124 US20030190701A1 (en) 1998-04-30 2001-10-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/165,247 US7112657B2 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-19 PRO697 polypeptides
US10/143,029 US7105640B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-19 Anti-pro792 antibodies
US10/165,067 US7279553B2 (en) 1998-05-13 2001-10-19 PRO1083 polypeptides
US10/013,922 US20030195345A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/999,830 US20030077700A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/999,832 US7132283B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 PRO273 polypeptides
US10/017,084 US20030203402A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,083 US20030148376A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/999,834 US20030064407A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/999,829 US20030195344A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/999,832 US20020192706A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,081 US20030049684A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/002,967 US20030148373A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,085 US6974696B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 PRO853 nucleic acids
US09/999,833 US6916648B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/020,445 US20030198994A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,086 US7122375B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-24 PRO274 nucleic acids
US10/013,926 US7074593B2 (en) 1998-04-01 2001-10-25 PRO 703 nucleic acids
US10/016,177 US20030073131A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,925 US7037710B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,928 US20030215905A1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,917 US7029874B2 (en) 1998-03-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,921 US20030068648A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,918 US20030211091A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,923 US7169912B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 PRO1017 nucleic acids
US10/013,920 US20040006219A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,927 US7189529B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 PRO792 nucleic acids
US10/013,929 US7019124B2 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-10-25 PRO788 nucleic acids
US10/000,157 US20020182673A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-10-30 IL-17 homologous polypedies and therapeutic uses thereof
US09/990,438 US20030027754A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,427 US20030073809A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,726 US20030054359A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/993,687 US20020198149A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,711 US20030032023A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/991,073 US20020127576A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/992,521 US20030083461A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,562 US20030027985A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,443 US20030054987A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/993,469 US20030068623A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/993,583 US7074897B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Pro943 polypeptides
US09/990,442 US20020132252A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/991,163 US20020132253A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/993,667 US20030022187A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,436 US20020198148A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/993,748 US20030069403A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/992,598 US6956108B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 PRO1184 antibodies
US09/991,854 US20030059780A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,444 US6930170B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 PRO1184 polypeptides
US09/990,440 US20030060407A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,456 US20020137890A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2001-11-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/998,041 US7309775B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,857 US20030064375A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,333 US6953836B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 PRO844 polypeptides
US09/997,653 US7034122B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Antibodies to PRO1159 polypeptides
US09/997,601 US7189814B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,585 US7166282B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,514 US7019116B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 PRO 1387 polypeptides
US09/997,440 US20030059833A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,384 US20030087305A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,683 US20030059783A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,573 US20030049682A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,601 US20030054404A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,585 US20030119055A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,641 US7112656B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 PRO1312 polypeptides
US09/998,156 US20030044806A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,666 US7244816B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,428 US20030027162A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/002,796 US20030032057A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,542 US20030068647A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,628 US20030059782A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,559 US20030054403A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,529 US20030134284A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,529 US7309761B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/998,041 US20030119001A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,614 US20030124531A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,641 US20030224358A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,384 US7119177B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/997,349 US7034106B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Pro1159 polypeptides
US09/997,666 US20030027163A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/990,437 US20030045463A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/991,172 US20030050457A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/991,181 US6913919B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/991,157 US7101687B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Nucleic acids encoding PRO943
US09/990,441 US7041804B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Antibodies to PRO1387 polypeptides
US09/991,150 US20030194760A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,723 US20020072092A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,726 US7018811B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Nucleic acids encoding PRO189 polypeptides
US09/989,729 US20030059831A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,734 US7491529B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,721 US20020142961A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,727 US20020072497A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,722 US20020072067A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,862 US20030130182A1 (en) 1997-11-05 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,279 US7083978B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Nucleic acid encoding PRO1111 polypeptides
US09/989,735 US6972185B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Nucleic acids encoding PRO844 polypeptides
US09/989,328 US7056736B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,732 US7037679B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-19 Nucleic acids encoding PRO1184 polypeptides
US09/989,293 US7034136B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-20 Nucleic acids encoding PRO1159 polypeptides
US09/989,730 US7157247B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,731 US20020103125A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/989,728 US7029873B2 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-20 Nucleic acids to PRO1387 polypeptides
US09/989,725 US20030139329A1 (en) 1997-06-16 2001-11-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/001,054 US20020192209A1 (en) 1997-09-17 2001-11-30 Methods and compositions for inhibiting neoplastic cell growth
US10/007,236 US7034123B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Anti-PRO1347 antibodies
US10/006,856 US7538086B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 PRO1303 polypeptides
US10/007,194 US7041805B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,116 US20030082626A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,485 US7026448B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,117 US7071304B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,746 US7026449B2 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,867 US7160985B2 (en) 1997-10-29 2001-12-06 Pro180 polypeptide
US10/006,818 US20030054406A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,172 US7081514B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 PRO1347 polypeptides
US10/006,063 US20030114652A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,768 US6936697B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,130 US7098312B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/006,041 US6951921B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,754 US7375184B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 PRO1382 polypeptides
US10/011,671 US20030096954A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,064 US6953841B2 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,754 US20030187191A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,121 US7022817B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 PRO1325 polypeptides
US10/011,692 US20030109672A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/011,795 US7012131B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Pro1410 polypeptides
US10/012,755 US20030096955A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,231 US6924355B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 PRO1343 polypeptides
US10/012,753 US7488796B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 PRO1269 polypeptides
US10/012,137 US20030187189A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,101 US20030187239A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/012,752 US7026455B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Anti-pro 1343 antibodies
US10/011,833 US6951920B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 PRO1340 polypeptides
US10/012,149 US7038019B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Antibodies to PRO1410
US10/012,237 US20030191281A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,907 US20030064925A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,913 US20030083462A1 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,911 US20030187193A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,822 US20030130491A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,906 US20030191282A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,910 US7057018B2 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-10 Pro 1474 polypeptides
US10/013,915 US20030204053A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,909 US20030186318A1 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/013,430 US20030092883A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,653 US20030187195A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,393 US6951737B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,671 US6946263B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,389 US6936436B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,480 US7074912B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,869 US7189530B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,519 US7033785B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 PRO1347 nucleic acids
US10/015,499 US20030065142A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,869 US20030073130A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,388 US20030191299A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,386 US7022498B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Pro 1325 nucleic acids
US10/015,387 US20030135034A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,385 US20030195347A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,390 US20030216562A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/015,715 US7033786B2 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Pro1340 nucleic acids
US10/015,391 US20030120053A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,610 US20030113795A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,867 US20030180792A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,407 US20030125535A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,306 US20030170718A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/017,527 US20030082628A1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/020,063 US20030119097A1 (en) 1999-01-05 2001-12-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/036,150 US7256039B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 PRO4405 nucleic acids
US10/035,855 US7105639B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Anti-PRO 4405 antibodies
US10/036,342 US7193045B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Polypeptides that induce cell proliferation
US10/036,214 US20030032061A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/036,063 US20030092063A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/036,041 US20020192751A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/036,160 US7125959B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 PRO4405 polypeptides
US10/035,719 US20030036114A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/035,977 US20030134327A1 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/035,958 US7241862B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-12-26 Polypeptides that induce cell proliferation or induce fetal hemoglobin
US10/052,586 US20020127584A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-01-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/053,107 US20020192752A1 (en) 1998-09-09 2002-01-17 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases
US09/978,187 US20030096744A1 (en) 1997-10-17 2002-01-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,198 US20030170721A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,203 US20030180796A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,269 US20030040014A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,500 US20020177165A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding
US10/066,273 US7317092B2 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,193 US20030044902A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,211 US20030044844A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/066,494 US20030032063A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2002-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,051 US20030092147A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,041 US20030077776A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,047 US20030077778A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,040 US20030082759A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,059 US20030190721A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,046 US20030194791A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,044 US20030190717A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,045 US20030073210A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,042 US20030096386A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-11 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,062 US20030077779A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,057 US20030190719A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,055 US20030190718A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,058 US20030190720A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,043 US7220831B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 PRO235 polypeptides
US10/121,054 US20030199054A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,050 US20030054516A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,060 US20030190722A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,049 US20030022239A1 (en) 1997-06-18 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,061 US20030082761A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,048 US20030199051A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,052 US20030199052A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,063 US20030199055A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,053 US20030199053A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/121,056 US20030082760A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,213 US7193048B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,157 US20030190725A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,214 US7343721B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 PRO4406 polypeptide
US10/123,261 US20030068796A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,213 US20030199057A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,212 US7276577B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 PRO1866 polypeptides
US10/123,262 US20030049816A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,771 US20030199060A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,215 US7291329B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Antibodies against PRO4406
US10/123,108 US7635478B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,235 US20030082762A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,156 US20030194792A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,322 US20030199059A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,292 US20030073211A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,154 US20030190724A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,109 US20030190723A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,155 US20030068794A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,291 US20030199058A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,236 US20030068795A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,903 US20030073212A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,906 US20030190726A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,905 US20030087344A1 (en) 1997-06-18 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,904 US20030022328A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,908 US7335728B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 PRO1310 polypeptides
US10/123,911 US7408032B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 PRO1188 polypeptides
US10/123,913 US20030203462A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,909 US7193049B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 PRO862 polypeptides
US10/123,902 US20030077781A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,905 US7285625B2 (en) 1997-06-18 2002-04-16 PRO536 polypeptides
US10/123,910 US7329404B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Antibodies against PRO1310
US10/123,912 US20030100087A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/123,907 US7084258B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-16 Antibodies against the PRO862 polypeptides
US10/124,820 US20030190729A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,823 US20030199062A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/125,795 US7304131B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 PRO1483 polypeptides
US10/124,819 US7285626B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 PRO1076 polypeptides
US10/125,704 US7357926B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Antibodies against PRO1879 and the use thereof
US10/125,805 US20030194794A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,817 US20030077786A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,824 US20030077659A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,814 US7105335B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,821 US20030199023A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,818 US20030082763A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,822 US7109305B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/124,813 US7312307B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 PRO1056 polypeptides
US10/124,816 US20030190728A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/125,922 US7309762B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-19 PRO1360 polypeptides
US10/125,924 US7342097B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-19 PRO1309 polypeptides
US10/125,927 US20030190731A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/125,932 US7317079B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-19 PRO812 polypeptides
US10/125,931 US20030199063A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/127,831 US20030082689A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-22 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/128,689 US20030087365A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-23 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/131,817 US7291701B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-24 PRO1777 polypeptides
US10/131,825 US7282566B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-24 PRO1779 polypeptide
US10/131,823 US7304132B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-04-24 PRO1693 polypeptides
US10/137,867 US20030207349A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-03 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/137,865 US20030032155A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-03 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/137,868 US20030082764A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-03 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,470 US20030022331A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,023 US20030207416A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/139,980 US7247710B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 PRO4395 antibodies
US10/140,024 US20040058424A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/139,963 US7288625B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 PRO4395 polypeptides
US10/140,474 US20030032156A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,020 US20030207415A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-06 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,860 US7307151B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,808 US7425621B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Antibodies against the PRO4401 polypeptide
US10/140,809 US20030207418A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,805 US20030207417A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,865 US20030207420A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,921 US7317080B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 PRO4303 polypeptides
US10/063,651 US7193057B2 (en) 1997-10-29 2002-05-07 Antibodies to a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid underexpressed in rectal tumor
US10/140,928 US20030068798A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,864 US20030207419A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/140,925 US20030073215A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-07 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/141,755 US7297764B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-08 PRO4318 polypeptides
US10/141,754 US7361732B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-08 PRO4400 polypeptides
US10/141,701 US20030207421A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-08 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/141,760 US7342104B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-08 Antibodies against the PRO4320 polypeptide
US10/141,756 US7488586B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-08 PRO4409 polypeptides
US10/143,114 US20030036180A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/143,113 US7329730B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-09 PRO4348 polypeptides
US10/142,417 US7304133B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-09 PRO4389 polypeptides
US10/142,425 US20030207424A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/142,430 US7309766B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-09 PRO5774 polypeptides
US10/142,423 US20030049817A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-10 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/143,032 US7408033B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-10 PRO5995 polypeptides
US10/142,431 US7285629B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-10 Pro5005 polypeptides
US10/142,419 US7153941B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-10 Antibodies that bind PRO4994 polypeptides
US10/146,792 US20030207428A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/146,730 US20030207427A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/147,528 US20030219885A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/147,492 US20030082765A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/147,536 US20040077064A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/147,519 US20030077791A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/152,395 US7189534B2 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-21 PRO4320 polynucleotide
US10/153,934 US20030129695A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-22 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/156,843 US20030207805A1 (en) 1997-06-18 2002-05-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/157,786 US20030208055A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/157,782 US20030077792A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/160,498 US20030073216A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-30 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/158,791 US20030207429A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-30 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/158,782 US20030082766A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2002-05-30 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,690 US20030166105A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,702 US20030170793A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,697 US20030032102A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,704 US20030170795A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,700 US20030027262A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,701 US20030104538A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,689 US20030166104A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,692 US20030166188A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,695 US20030032101A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,694 US20030166107A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,699 US20030166109A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,691 US20030166106A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,698 US20030166108A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,707 US20030166110A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,708 US20030040053A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,705 US20030032103A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,693 US20030073169A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,703 US20030170794A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,706 US20030022293A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/173,696 US20030082767A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-17 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,585 US20030032105A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,578 US20030073170A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,590 US20030008352A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,570 US20030211572A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,583 US7211645B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 PRO268 polypeptides
US10/174,569 US20030166111A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,586 US20030032106A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,579 US20030027264A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,740 US20030027268A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,588 US20030027266A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,591 US20030166115A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,572 US20030027263A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,574 US20030170796A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,582 US20030027265A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,576 US7125962B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Anti-Pro268 antibodies
US10/174,589 US20030166114A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,587 US20030166113A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/174,581 US7153939B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-18 PRO354 antibodies
US10/175,736 US20030166117A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,735 US20030082715A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,738 US20030022294A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,748 US20030166121A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,747 US20030032107A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,744 US20030166119A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,743 US20030027269A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,739 US20030027267A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,749 US20050196832A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,754 US20030166123A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,746 US20030027270A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,751 US20030166122A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,745 US20030166120A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,750 US20030073172A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,752 US20030022295A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,741 US20030073171A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,737 US20030013153A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,753 US20030077732A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/175,742 US20030166118A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,918 US7495083B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 PRO940 antibodies
US10/176,490 US20030170798A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,485 US20030032109A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,990 US20030036119A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,746 US20030068680A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,913 US20030022298A1 (en) 1997-09-15 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,919 US20030032114A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,484 US20030059876A9 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,754 US7709602B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 PRO1078 polypeptides
US10/176,989 US20030170803A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,914 US20030017543A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,921 US20030027276A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,753 US20030044917A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,493 US20030032111A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,993 US20030027280A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,749 US20030017542A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,911 US20030032113A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,487 US20030032110A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,479 US20030040054A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,491 US20030087373A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,757 US7317082B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 PRO1018 polypeptides
US10/176,747 US20030027273A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,988 US20030170802A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,482 US20030022296A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,981 US20030170800A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,483 US20030017541A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,920 US20030166129A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,759 US20030166128A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,917 US20030044918A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-20 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,916 US20030040056A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,481 US20030032108A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,486 US7354999B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 PRO1481 polypeptides
US10/176,489 US20030166125A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,756 US20030032112A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,751 US20030036117A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,758 US20030008353A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,750 US20030027274A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,755 US20030166127A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,748 US20030040055A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,923 US20030068681A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,915 US20030017544A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,752 US20030170799A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,983 US20030170801A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,985 US20030027277A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,492 US20030027272A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,922 US20030166130A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,978 US20030032116A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,924 US20030166131A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,760 US7339033B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-21 Pro1481
US10/176,488 US20030027271A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,979 US20030087374A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,987 US20030027278A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,991 US20030027324A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,992 US20030027279A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,925 US20030032115A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,982 US20030044919A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,480 US20030166124A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/176,986 US20030073173A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-21 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,507 US20030040057A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,518 US20030104540A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,515 US20030166135A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,516 US20030040058A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,511 US20030104539A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,509 US20030207392A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,525 US20030040060A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,510 US20030032117A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,506 US20030044920A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,514 US20030044922A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,508 US20030166133A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,521 US20030170806A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,512 US20030166134A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,517 US20030170805A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,526 US20030100061A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,523 US20030215909A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,519 US7339024B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 PRO1772 polypeptides
US10/179,522 US20030044923A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,513 US20030044921A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/179,520 US20030096353A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,544 US20030032119A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,540 US20030040061A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,551 US20030036123A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,554 US20050202526A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,549 US20030032122A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,555 US20030032123A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,546 US20030032120A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,557 US20030022301A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,556 US7355000B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 PRO1380 polypeptides
US10/180,545 US20030040062A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,550 US20030064440A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,553 US7365156B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 PRO1316 polypeptides
US10/180,542 US20030036121A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,543 US20030032118A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,552 US7348415B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 PRO1316 antibodies
US10/180,560 US20030044925A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,547 US20030032121A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,548 US7696319B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 PRO1772 antibodies
US10/180,541 US20030036120A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/180,559 US20030032124A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,003 US20030082716A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,006 US7297776B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1374 antibodies
US10/183,002 US20030054454A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,019 US7425605B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1486 polypeptides
US10/183,013 US7309769B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1487 polypeptides
US10/183,001 US7084255B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1278 polypeptides
US10/180,998 US7087421B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Pro1278 polypeptides
US10/183,014 US20030064441A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,009 US7339034B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1305 antibodies
US10/183,008 US20030040064A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,018 US20030104541A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,016 US20030082717A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,015 US20030044926A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,012 US7718770B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1305-polypeptides
US10/183,011 US20030068682A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,010 US20030032126A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/183,005 US7317093B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1339 antibodies
US10/180,999 US7297767B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1374 polypeptides
US10/181,000 US7319137B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 PRO1339 polypeptides
US10/183,017 US20030040065A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-26 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,631 US20030036134A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,641 US20030073174A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,618 US7393917B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1482 polypeptides
US10/184,654 US7378486B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1482 antibodies
US10/184,630 US7304143B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1571 antibodies
US10/184,616 US20030036128A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,613 US20030119105A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,651 US7291704B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1758 polypeptides
US10/184,640 US7271250B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-27 PRO1757 antibodies
US10/184,612 US20030036127A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,652 US20030032134A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,628 US7309770B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1757 polypeptides
US10/184,633 US20030068683A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,614 US20030032128A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,630 US20030036133A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,642 US7332573B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1571 polypeptides
US10/184,638 US20030054456A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,627 US7282569B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 PRO1508 antibodies
US10/184,627 US20030040070A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,615 US20030044927A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,619 US20030049738A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-27 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,636 US20030036136A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,629 US20030036132A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,644 US20030044930A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,643 US20030044929A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,645 US7291718B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-28 PRO1758 antibodies
US10/184,623 US20030032129A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,632 US20030036135A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,655 US20030040073A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,657 US20030104543A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,620 US20030044928A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,650 US20030036138A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,646 US20030032132A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,637 US20030032131A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,621 US20030054455A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,647 US20030032133A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,658 US20030027281A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,656 US20030044931A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,617 US20030036129A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,624 US20030104542A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,634 US20030068684A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,635 US20030032130A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,625 US20030040068A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,626 US20030040069A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/184,622 US20030036130A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-06-29 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,601 US7291705B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 PRO19645 polypeptides
US10/187,597 US20030036141A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,886 US7291708B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 PRO1785 polypeptides
US10/187,884 US20030036155A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,594 US7294335B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-01 PRO19645 antibodies
US10/187,747 US7291707B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 PRO1337 polypeptides
US10/187,598 US20030036142A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,739 US7291706B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-01 PRO4352 polypeptides
US10/187,887 US7285645B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-01 PRO4356 antibodies
US10/187,588 US7351795B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-01 PRO19563 polypeptides
US10/187,603 US20030036146A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,753 US20030036152A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,766 US7351804B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-02 Antibodies against PRO4421
US10/187,600 US20030036143A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,596 US20030032136A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,743 US20030036148A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,780 US7268217B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-02 PRO4421 polypeptides
US10/187,751 US20030036151A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,774 US20030040074A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,602 US20030036145A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,770 US7358340B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 PRO19563 antibodies
US10/187,885 US20030032138A1 (en) 1998-06-24 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,769 US20030036157A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,754 US20030036153A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,747 US20030036150A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,775 US20030040075A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,781 US20030036160A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,741 US20030036147A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,767 US7312310B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 PRO6015 polypeptides
US10/187,745 US7250490B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 PRO1480 polypeptides
US10/187,746 US20030036149A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/188,773 US20030036159A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/187,757 US7276578B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-02 PRO4334 polypeptides
US10/192,010 US20030044932A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/194,462 US7388073B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-12 PRO9835 polypeptides
US10/194,423 US7339025B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-12 PRO6246 polypeptides
US10/194,365 US7381791B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-12 PRO9739 polypeptides
US10/194,361 US20030036161A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/194,461 US20030054459A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,888 US20060073545A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,894 US20030043176A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,893 US20030206188A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,892 US7385033B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 PRO12970 polypeptides
US10/195,889 US7534856B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 PRO19624 antibodies
US10/195,902 US20030038826A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,897 US20030036164A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,901 US20030036165A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/195,883 US20060073544A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-15 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/196,743 US20030038827A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/196,759 US20030071835A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/196,745 US7423120B2 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-16 PRO19814 polypeptides
US10/196,762 US20030040078A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-16 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/196,760 US7408034B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-16 PRO20025 polypeptides
US10/196,756 US7304145B2 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-16 PRO19646 antibodies
US10/197,942 US20030175882A1 (en) 1998-09-10 2002-07-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/199,316 US20030068726A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/199,462 US20030054468A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/198,768 US20030049756A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/199,464 US20030032140A1 (en) 1997-09-18 2002-07-19 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/205,904 US20030073813A1 (en) 1998-06-26 2002-07-25 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/213,199 US7381809B2 (en) 1998-09-09 2002-08-05 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases
US10/216,167 US20030100711A1 (en) 2000-06-05 2002-08-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/216,159 US7335731B2 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-09 PRO4332 polypeptides
US10/216,162 US20030100709A1 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/216,163 US7301008B2 (en) 2000-06-05 2002-08-09 PRO7174 polypeptides
US10/216,168 US7157558B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-09 Polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide overexpresses in tumors
US10/216,166 US20030120040A1 (en) 2001-06-29 2002-08-09 Secreted and Transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/216,160 US7335732B2 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-08-09 PRO9799 polypeptides
US10/216,164 US20030100710A1 (en) 2000-06-05 2002-08-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/216,165 US7291719B2 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-09 PRO4332 antibodies
US10/218,784 US20060074223A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/219,060 US20030100064A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/218,956 US7429641B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-08-12 PRO9830 polypeptides
US10/218,612 US20030120041A1 (en) 2001-06-29 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/218,765 US20030187201A1 (en) 2000-09-15 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/218,631 US20030045687A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/218,849 US7144990B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-12 Antibody to a polypeptide overexpressed in tumors
US10/219,003 US20030088063A1 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-12 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/219,062 US7417116B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-12 PRO7155 polypeptides
US10/219,061 US7456261B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2002-08-12 PRO9830 antibodies
US10/219,071 US20030100714A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
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US10/219,063 US20030187202A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/219,069 US7351802B2 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-13 PRO19672 antibodies
US10/219,481 US20030088068A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
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US10/219,473 US20030100721A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/219,476 US20030100722A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
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US10/219,066 US20030187203A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-08-13 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/219,535 US20040044179A1 (en) 2000-07-25 2002-08-14 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
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JP2006024604A JP2006223304A (en) 2000-09-01 2006-02-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptide and nucleic acid encoding same
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US21955600P 2000-07-20 2000-07-20
US60/219,556 2000-07-20
US22060500P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22066400P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22062400P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22066600P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22058500P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22063800P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US22060700P 2000-07-25 2000-07-25
US60/220,585 2000-07-25
US60/220,607 2000-07-25
US60/220,624 2000-07-25
US60/220,605 2000-07-25
US60/220,664 2000-07-25
US60/220,666 2000-07-25
US60/220,638 2000-07-25
US22089300P 2000-07-26 2000-07-26
US60/220,893 2000-07-26
PCT/US2000/020710 WO2001009327A2 (en) 1999-07-28 2000-07-28 Method of preventing the injury or death of retinal cells and treating ocular diseases
USPCT/US00/20710 2000-07-28
US22242500P 2000-08-01 2000-08-01
US60/222,425 2000-08-01
US22713300P 2000-08-22 2000-08-22
US60/227,133 2000-08-22
USPCT/US00/23522 2000-08-23
PCT/US2000/023522 WO2001016319A2 (en) 1999-08-31 2000-08-23 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases
PCT/US2000/023328 WO2001016318A2 (en) 1999-09-01 2000-08-24 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
USPCT/US00/23328 2000-08-24
US60/000,000 2000-09-15
USPCT/US00/30873 2000-11-10
PCT/US2000/030873 WO2001040465A2 (en) 1999-11-30 2000-11-10 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases
US25364600P 2000-11-28 2000-11-28
US60/253,646 2000-11-28
PCT/US2000/032678 WO2001040466A2 (en) 1999-12-01 2000-12-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
USPCT/US00/32678 2000-12-01
USPCT/US00/34956 2000-12-20
US09/747,259 2000-12-20
US09/747,259 US6569645B2 (en) 1999-05-14 2000-12-20 IL-17 homologous polypeptides and therapeutic uses thereof
PCT/US2000/034956 WO2001046420A2 (en) 1999-12-23 2000-12-20 Il-17 and il-17r homologous polypeptides and therapeutic uses thereof
USPCT/US01/06520 2001-02-28
PCT/US2001/006520 WO2001068848A2 (en) 2000-03-01 2001-02-28 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
PCT/US2001/006666 WO2001066740A2 (en) 2000-03-03 2001-03-01 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases
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US09/816,744 2001-03-22
US09/816,744 US6579520B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-03-22 IL-17 related mammalian cytokine polypeptides (IL-17E)
US09/854,208 2001-05-10
US09/854,280 2001-05-10
US09/854,280 US7115398B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-05-10 IL-17 homologous polypeptides and therapeutic uses thereof
US09/854,208 US7217412B2 (en) 1998-05-15 2001-05-10 IL-17C related mammalian cytokine polypeptides
USPCT/US01/17092 2001-05-25
PCT/US2001/017092 WO2001092331A2 (en) 2000-05-30 2001-05-25 Compositions and methods for the treatment of immune related diseases

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PCT/US2001/017800 Continuation WO2001093983A1 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-06-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
PCT/US2001/017800 Continuation-In-Part WO2001093983A1 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-06-01 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
USPCT/US01/19662 Continuation-In-Part 1998-05-15 2001-06-19
PCT/US2001/019692 Continuation WO2002000690A2 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-06-20 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving angiogenesis
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PCT/US2001/021735 Continuation WO2002008284A2 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-07-09 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving angiogenesis
PCT/US2001/021735 Continuation-In-Part WO2002008284A2 (en) 1996-11-06 2001-07-09 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving angiogenesis
US09/908,827 Continuation-In-Part US20030054442A1 (en) 1997-03-31 2001-07-18 IL-17 homologous polypeptides and therapeutic uses thereof
US09/918,585 Continuation-In-Part US20030060406A1 (en) 1997-09-15 2001-07-30 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US09/938,418 Continuation-In-Part US20020161199A1 (en) 1998-04-08 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
US09/938,418 Continuation US20020161199A1 (en) 1998-04-08 2001-08-23 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor
US09/946,374 Continuation-In-Part US20030073129A1 (en) 1997-09-15 2001-09-04 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/081,056 Continuation US20040043927A1 (en) 1997-09-19 2002-02-20 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders involving angiogenesis
US10/119,480 Continuation US20040087769A1 (en) 1998-09-10 2002-04-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/119,480 Continuation-In-Part US20040087769A1 (en) 1998-09-10 2002-04-09 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/197,942 Continuation US20030175882A1 (en) 1998-03-27 2002-07-18 Secreted and transmembrane polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding the same
US10/216,160 Continuation US7335732B2 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-08-09 PRO9799 polypeptides
US10/272,051 Continuation-In-Part US20030108544A1 (en) 1999-09-01 2002-10-16 Compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor

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