WO2002021436A1

WO2002021436A1 - Method and system for detecting forgery of a document delivered to an individual

Info

Publication number: WO2002021436A1
Application number: PCT/FR2000/002462
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michel Desert
Original assignee: Michel Desert
Priority date: 2000-09-07
Filing date: 2000-09-07
Publication date: 2002-03-14
Also published as: AU2000272992A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a method and a system, wherein the document (2) delivered to said individual (1) further comprises at least a contact or non-contact memory chip (6) with contact or non-contact read/write, or contact or non-contact chip (6), said at least one contact or non-contact chip (6) comprising a storage (6), the data contained in said storage (7) of said at least one contact or non-contact chip (6) being capable of being read and/or written by a contact or non-contact chip reader (8).

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING FALSIFICATION OF A DOCUMENT DELIVERED TO A PHYSICAL PERSON

The present invention relates to documents issued to natural persons, and more particularly, a document incorporating a read and write memory chip and / or microprocessor with or without contacts to detect falsification, as well as the use of a 10 identity document of this type to verify the identity of a natural person.

Identity documents have been known for several centuries, and they have known an evolution in complexity and sophistication parallel to that of the technique, in order to limit as much as possible the production of false identity documents or the falsification of authentic identity documents.

However, the democratization of these same technological advances allows counterfeiters to circumvent, with a certain delay, the technological obstacles put in place by the authorities to make the production of these false documents as difficult as possible.

There is therefore a permanent race between, on the one hand, the improvement of authentication techniques for identity documents, and on the other hand, the use of these same techniques and / or similar techniques to counterfeit or falsify these same documents.

25 Current identity documents come in various forms and are produced on various supports, such as: paper booklets for passports, single sheet of paper, self-adhesive or not, for visas, paper supports of various thicknesses, cardboard or not , inserted in a transparent plastic material or not, like national identity cards, permit

30 to drive and / or stay, registration cards, etc. Most of these current identity documents include a photograph of the document holder. However, replacing this photograph poses little problem for an experienced forger. To overcome this drawback, since a number of years ago, a self-adhesive and transparent security film was affixed to certain identity documents to complicate the task of a possible counterfeiter, but techniques will be available in the near future to overcome this obstacle. More recently, holograms have been added to identity documents to make falsification more difficult, since the production of holograms requires the mastery of advanced technology. However, the democratization of this technology has recently made it possible for counterfeiters to find holograms on the market which can, by illusion, allow the approximate production of identity documents, thus misleading inexperienced people.

Likewise, a metallic or plastic wire has been added in the thickness of the paper of certain identity documents to make it more difficult to forge them. Again, this technique is nowadays within the reach of experienced counterfeiters.

In any event, if these various obstacles can have a certain effectiveness with regard to the production of all parts of a false identity document, they are much less effective with regard to the falsification of a document of existing authentic identity. Indeed, it is generally easier comparatively to falsify, on an authentic identity document of a natural person, information specific to the natural person such as the photograph, the size or a fingerprint of this natural person, than create ex-nihilo a false identity document with false information, and including these various technologies.

In view of the fact that information specific to the natural person, such as a photograph, size or a fingerprint, is still currently on paper, it is always possible for a counterfeiter to falsify this information by erasure or scraping, followed by re-writing using appropriate inks.

In the current state of the art, the only reliable solution therefore lies in the duplication of information specific to the natural person during the production of the identity document, so as to allow the comparison of information as it appears on the identity document to those which appeared there originally, so as to be able to detect any falsification.

The approach that naturally comes to mind would be to store this information in a computer system which would be queried at each identity check. However, to apply this system at the level of a state or a group of states such as Europe or the United States, this system would require a very heavy infrastructure of communication networks and central computers having to store hundreds of millions of individual data, with the risks of failure and unavailability inherent in any structure of this size. In addition, national or international legislation may prevent the establishment of such devices.

In addition, in the current state of the art, such a solution would be difficult to implement in mobile brigades, such as those of the border police, gendarmeries, customs, etc., for which a reliable connection with a central computer site, necessarily over the air, would be problematic, in particular because of the difficulties inherent in this type of transmission.

Consequently, there is therefore a need for a method and a system making it possible to check the authenticity of an identity document, that is to say, to check the veracity of the information, specific to the natural person, appearing on the document, and thus allowing the identity of this person to be checked, without requiring heavy infrastructure, that is to say, only with the aid of the identity document and of light, portable or no.

The present invention therefore relates to a method of detecting falsification of a document issued to a natural person, said document comprising at least one conventional photograph making it possible to identify said natural person, and / or at least one registered document number allowing to identify said document uniquely, and / or name, and possibly first names, and / or date of birth and / or place of birth of the natural person and / or one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data registered concerning said natural person, and which has the characteristic fact that said document issued to said natural person further comprises at least one read / write chip with or without contacts, or chip with or without contacts, said at least one chip with or without contacts comprising a memory, the data contained in said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts which can be read and / or written by a chip reader with or without contacts.

Preferably, said chip with or without contacts may further comprise at least one microprocessor and / or at least one microcontroller.

Advantageously, in the method of the invention, said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document can also store non-modifiable identification data uniquely identifying said chip with or without contacts. This non-modifiable data in the memory can then be written in an appropriate form on said document, and said document can be determined to be falsified if, after re-reading of said data from said memory of said chip with or without contacts by said reader, said data thus read differs from said data entered on said document.

Preferably, said data contained in said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document are protected against any modification subsequent to the initial recording of said data.

Also, in the method of the invention, one or more photographs in digital form of said natural person can also be stored in the memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document.

Said document may also include one or more conventional photographs of said natural person, and said document may then be determined to be falsified if, after re-reading said one or more photographs in digital form from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader, at least one photograph in digital form thus read back differs from the corresponding conventional photograph on said document. In addition, the identity of said natural person can then be determined to be falsified if, after re-reading one or more photographs in digital form from said memory of said at least one contactless chip by said reader, at least one photograph in digital form thus re-read does not correspond to said natural person.

In addition, in the method of the invention, at least one document number can be written on said document, and said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document can also store in digital form said at least a document number written on the document. In this case, said document can be determined to be falsified if, after re-reading of said document number in digital form from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader, said document number in digital form thus re-read differs said document number written on said document.

In the method according to the invention, the memory of said chip with or without contacts can also store in digital form the name, and possibly the first names, and / or the date of birth and / or the place of birth of the natural person. . If the surname, and possibly the given names, and / or the date of birth and / or the place of birth of the natural person are also recorded on the said document, a falsification of the said document may be detected if, after re-reading the said name, and optionally said first names, in digital form and / or said date of birth in digital form and / or said place of birth in digital form from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader, said name, and possibly said first names, re-read differ from said name, and possibly said first names, written on the document and / or said date of birth differs from said date of birth written on said document and / or said place of birth differs from said place of birth written on said document .

Also, in the method of the invention, said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document can store one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data concerning said natural person in digital form. In this case, if one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data are entered on said document, said document can then be determined as being falsified if, after re-reading said one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader, at least one of said biometric and / or anthropometric data in digital form thus re-read differs from the corresponding biometric and / or anthropometric data entered on said document.

In addition, the identity of said natural person can be determined to be falsified if at least one of said biometric and / or anthropometric data in digital form read from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader differs from the corresponding biometric and / or anthropometric data collected on said natural person.

Likewise, the memory of said at least one chip with or without memory contacts of said document may also store an expiration date for the document. If an expiration date is also written on said document, a falsification of said document will be determined if, after re-reading of said date in digital form from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts by said reader, said date under digital form differs from said date written on said document. Advantageously, the data stored in said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document will be encrypted.

Preferably, said determination of the falsification or not of said document and / or the falsification or not of the identity of said natural person will be carried out by an operator implementing said chip reader with or without contacts, said reader displaying on a device for displaying the information read from said memory of said at least one chip with or without contacts of said document.

The invention also provides a system for detecting falsification of a document issued to a natural person, said document comprising at least one conventional photograph making it possible to identify said natural person, and / or at least one registered document number making it possible to uniquely identify said document, and / or name, and possibly first names, and / or date of birth and / or place of birth of said natural person, and / or one or more data biometric and / or anthropometric registered for said natural person, and which has the characteristic that it implements the previous process.

We will now describe, by way of example only, a preferred embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is the functional diagram of a system for checking the authenticity of an identity document and the identity of a natural person, implementing the method according to the invention. Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an identity control system implementing the preferred embodiment of the document forgery detection method according to the invention. In this preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, document 2 includes a contactless chip 6, and the identity control system essentially consists of a contactless reader / writer chip reader 8, or reader 8 of contactless chip, mainly consisting of an electromagnetic induction coil 18, not shown. In operation, this electromagnetic induction coil 18 emits a high frequency alternating magnetic field. The contactless memory chip 6 contained in document 2 essentially consists of a microprocessor (not shown) with a memory 7, and an inductor 17, not shown, the terminals of which are connected to the supply terminals of the microprocessor. When document 2 is placed on or near the reader 8, the high frequency alternating magnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic induction coil 18 of the reader 8 passes through the inductor 17, and it causes, in a good manner known, the appearance of an alternating voltage across the inductor 17. This alternating electrical voltage is then rectified, and it supplies the microprocessor of the contactless chip 6. The transmission of information is then conventionally carried out by the transmitter of information by modulating the high frequency magnetic field emitted by the reader 8, but this transmission can also be carried out by any other method adapted to the type of chip with or without contacts 6 used. When the information transmitter is the reader 8, the latter modulates the high frequency alternating magnetic field by modulating the alternating voltage across the terminals of the electromagnetic induction coil 18, for example, between two predetermined values. This modulation of the magnetic field between two values results in a corresponding variation in the voltage appearing across the inductors 17 of the contactless chip 6. The contactless chip 6 then detects this change, which reflects the change in voltage which has occurred. across the electromagnetic induction coil 18, and a binary element, or bit, has thus been transmitted by the reader 8 to the contactless chip 6.

By repeating the process just described as many times as necessary, the reader 8 can therefore transmit any number of information bits to the contactless chip 6. Consequently, the reader 8 can thus transmit instructions or data to the contactless chip 6 by encoding them in a succession of bits according to an appropriate protocol, and in particular, the recording of the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 can be carried out by this method.

Conversely, when the contactless chip 6 wishes to transmit information to the reader 8, the contactless chip 6 modulates the magnetic field emitted by the reader 8 by more or less short-circuiting the inductor 17. For this, the contactless chip 6 varies the impedance present across the inductor 17, for example between two predetermined values. This variation in the impedance in the charging circuit of the inductor 17 causes a corresponding variation in the electric current in the inductor 17, which, by magnetic coupling, causes a corresponding variation in the electric current flowing in the electromagnetic induction coil. 18. The reader 8 then detects this variation in intensity in the electromagnetic induction coil 18, which reflects the change in impedance across the inductors 17 of the contactless chip 6, and an information bit therefore has has been transmitted by the contactless chip 6 to the reader 8.

By repeating the process just described as many times as necessary, the contactless chip 6 can therefore transmit any number of information bits to the reader 8. Consequently, the contactless chip 6 can thus transmit data to reader 8, by encoding them in a succession of bits according to an appropriate protocol.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the data stored in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6, as will be described later in this document, are recorded in a single operation during the personalization of the document 2. The contactless chip 6 is then write-protected to avoid any subsequent falsification of the data contained in its memory 7.

This is achieved, thanks to the information exchange process described above, by instructing the contactless chip 6 to irreversibly prohibit any writing of data to the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. Once this operation has been performed, writing data to the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 is definitely impossible, since the operation is irreversible. The chips used in the present invention can be, for example, the Mirage chips from Atmel-Motorola, Mifare 1, 2, Pro from Philips-Mikron, and / or those from Micro Electronic Marin, and / or HyperSecure from the company HyperSecure melted by SGS-Thomson.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the reader 8 is supplemented by a display device 14 allowing an operator 13 to display the information read by the reader 8 from the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 following the process previously described.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the document 2 includes a conventional photograph 4 of the natural person 1 to whom the document was issued 2. When personalizing the document 2, the conventional photograph 4 is scanned by an operator 13 using an appropriate device (not shown), for example, a digitizer, a digital camera, a digital video camera, etc., connected to the reader 8. This conventional photograph 4 is stored in the reader 8 under in the form of a digital photograph 11. Under the control of the operator 13, the reader then transfers the digital photograph 11 into the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6, using the method described above. When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example, to prove his identity, an operator 13 can then verify that the conventional photograph 4 has not been falsified and / or that the contactless chip 6 n has not been replaced. For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 on, or near the, reader 8 and makes him re-read, using the method described above, the digital photograph 11. The latter is then displayed by the reader 8 on the display device 14, and the operator 13 can then compare the conventional photograph present on the document 2 with the digital photograph 11 displayed on the display device 14.

If the two photographs differ, then either the conventional photograph 4 has been falsified, or the contactless chip 6 has been changed. In both cases, the falsification of the document 2 is thus detected by the operator 13. In addition, the operator 13 can compare the digital photograph 11 displayed on the device 14 with the natural person 1. If the digital photograph 11 does not is not that of person 1, then the operator 13 will thus have detected identity theft or theft of the document 2 by the natural person 1. The method of the invention thus allows a triple verification of the identity of a natural person 1 on the basis of the natural person 1 himself and of the two photographs of this natural person 1, one of these photographs being the conventional photograph 4 on document 2, and the other being the photograph in the form digital 11 stored in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 contained in the document 2. More specifically, the method of the invention allows the operator 13 to compare the conventional photograph 4 present on the document 2 the natural person 1, to compare the photograph in digital form 11, as displayed by the reader 8 on the display device 14, with the natural person 1, and to compare the conventional photograph 4 with the photograph in digital form 11 .

If any of these comparisons prove to be negative, then the operator 13 will have detected the falsification of document 2 and / or the impersonation of the natural person 1. This triple possibility of identity verification does not exist in any system and / or process of the prior art.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 also comprises identification data, for example sixteen alphanumeric characters, non-modifiable 9, which is unique among all the chips with or without contacts 6 manufactured by the founder of the chip with or without contacts 6.

As an additional means of verifying the authenticity of the document 2, this chip number 9 can be re-read, during the personalization of the document 2, from the contactless chip 6 using a contactless chip reader similar to the reader 8, and this number 9 can be written on document 2 in the form of an identification number 10.

During the production of the blank document 2, the contactless chip 6 is integrated into the document 2 by gluing, sandwiched between the layers or the sheets of the document 2, or by any other appropriate technique. The contactless chip 6 can also be integrated into document 2 during the personalization of this document 2, by gluing, by integration into the security film, sandwiched between the layers or sheets of documents 2, or by any other technique. adequate. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the information specific to the holder 1 of the document 2 is written using the reader 8 in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 during the personalization of the document 2.

When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example, to prove his identity, an operator 13 can verify that the contactless chip 6 is indeed the original contactless chip 6 and / or that the number chip 9 written on document 2 has not been falsified. For this, he places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on the, or near the, reader 8, and he has the latter reread, using the information exchange method described above, the number of chip 9 appearing in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. This number 9 is then displayed by the reader 8 on the display device 14, and the operator 13 can then visually check the concordance of the chip number 9 displayed on the display device with the number 10 written on document 2. The chip number 9 being unique among all the chips with or without contacts 6 manufactured, any modification of the identification number 10 written on the document 2 and / or any replacement of the contactless chip 6 by another contactless chip 6 will necessarily result in a mismatch between the identification number 6 displayed on the screen 14 and the identification number 10 written on the document 2, and the falsification of the document 2 will thus be detected by the operator 13 performing the verification .

In the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the document 2 also includes a unique document number 3. When document 2 is personalized, this number is written on document 2, and it is also saved in memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. For this, an operator 13 places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on a contactless chip reader 8, or it simply approaches document 2 from reader 8, it indicates to reader 8 the document number 3 written on document 2, and under the control of the operator 13, reader 8 saves the document number 3 in the form of a digital document number 16 in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example to prove his identity, an operator 13 can then verify that the document number 3 appearing on the document 2 has not been falsified, and / or that the contactless chip 6 has not been exchanged. For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 on the reader 8 or approaches it, and has the reader 8 reread the digital document number 16 recorded in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. The reader 8 then displays the number 16 on the display device 14 and the operator 13 can then visually check the agreement between the document number 16 displayed by the device 14 and the document number 3 written on the document 2.

The memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 having been protected against any modification during the personalization of the document 2 and the document number 3 being unique among all the documents 2 produced, any modification of the document number 3 written on the document 2 and / or any replacement of the contactless chip 6 by another contactless chip 6 will necessarily result in a mismatch between the document number 16 displayed on the screen 14 and the document number 3 written on the document 2, and forgery of the document 2 will thus be detected by the operator 13 carrying out the verification.

Similarly, in the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 also stores the name 19, and possibly the first names 33, and / or the date of birth 20 and / or the birthplace 21 of the natural person 1. For this, during the personalization of the document 2, an operator 13 places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on the reader 8, he introduces the name 22, and possibly the first names 34 , and / or the date of birth 23 and / or the place of birth 24 of the natural person 1 written on said document 2 in the reader 8 using an input device such as a keyboard 35, and under operator control 13, the reader 8 records in digital form in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 the name 19, and possibly the first names 33, and / or the date of birth 20 and / or the place of birth 21 of the natural person 1.

When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example, to prove his identity, an operator 13 can then verify that the document number 3 appearing on the document 2 has not been falsified, and / or that the contactless chip 6 has not been exchanged. For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 on the reader 8, and has the reader 8 read the name 19, and possibly the first names 33, and / or the date of birth 20 and / or the place of birth 21 recorded in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. The reader 8 then displays the number 16 on the display device 14 and the operator 13 can then visually check the concordance between the name 19, and possibly the first names 33, and / or the date of birth 20 and / or the place of birth 21 displayed by the device 14 with the name 22, and possibly the first names 34, and / or the date of birth 23 and / or the place of birth 24 registered on the document 2.

Because the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 has been protected against any modification of the data that it contains during the personalization of the document 2, any modification of the name 22, and possibly first names 34, and / or the date of birth 23 and / or the place of birth 24 written on the document 2 and / or any replacement of the contactless chip 6 by another contactless chip 6 will necessarily result in an absence of concordance between the name 19, and possibly the first names 33, and / or the date of birth 20 and / or the place of birth 21 displayed on the screen 14 and the name 22, and possibly the first names 34, and / or the date of birth 23 and / or place of birth 24 entered on document 2, and the falsification of document 2 will thus be detected by the operator 13. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, document 2 includes a certain number of biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 relating to the natural person 1. During the personalization of the document 2, this data is recorded in digital form 12 in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 by the operator 13.

For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on the reader 8, or the approach thereof, and using an input device such as a keyboard 35, it biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 as it appears on document 2 is entered into reader 8. It then indicates to reader 8 to transfer this data to memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. Biometric and / or anthropometric measurements are then recorded in digital form 12 in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6.

When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example, to prove his identity, an operator 13 can verify that the biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 entered on the document 2 have not been falsified and / or that the contactless chip 6 has not been exchanged. For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on the reader 8, and using the information exchange method described above, the reader 8, under the control of the operator 13, rereads the biometric and / or anthropometric data 12 contained in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6, then the reader 8 displays this data 12 on the display device 14. The operator 13 can then check that the biometric and / or anthropometric data 12 displayed on the display device 14 agree with the biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 written on the document 2. The contactless chip 6 having been protected against modification of the data in its memory 7 during the personalization of the document 2, if at least one of the data 12 displayed on the device 14 differs from the corresponding datum 5 written on the document 2, then either datum 5 written on the document 2 has been falsified, or the contactless chip 6 has been replaced by another. In either case, the operator 13 can detect the falsification of document 2.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 or 12 may include, for example, the size, the color of the eyes, but also one or more fingerprints of the natural person 1.

The operator 13 can then verify that the person has not usurped the identity of another using a falsified document 2, by reading all or part of the biometric and / or anthropometric data from the natural person 1 corresponding to the data 12 displayed on the display device 14, and verifying that the data recorded on the natural person 1 do correspond to the data 12 displayed.

Otherwise, the operator 13 will thus have detected, using the method of the invention, identity theft or theft of the document 2 by the natural person 1. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 also stores an expiration date for the document 2. This date is recorded in memory 7 of the contactless chip 6, in the same way as the other information previously described, during the personalization of document 2, that is to say that by means of an input device such as a keyboard 35, an operator 13 enters in reader 8 the expiration date 25 written on document 2 and that , under his control, the reader 8 records this expiration date 25 in digital form 15 in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6. When the document 2 is used by the natural person 1, for example, to prove his identity, an operator 13 can check that the expiration date written on the document 2 has not been falsified and / or that the contactless chip 6 was not exchanged. For this, the operator 13 places the document 2 containing the contactless chip 6 on the reader 8, or approaches it, and using the information exchange method described above, the reader 8, under operator control 13, reads the expiration date in digital form 15 recorded in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6, then the reader 8 displays this date 15 on the display device 14.

The operator 13 can then check that the date 15 displayed on the display device 14 agrees with the date 25 written on the document 2. The contactless chip having been protected against writing during the personalization of the document 2, if the date 15 displayed on the device 14 differs from the date 25 written on the document 2, so either the date 25 written on the document 2 has been falsified, or the contactless chip 6 has been replaced by another.

In both cases, the operator 13 can then detect the falsification of the document 2.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the data stored in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 is encrypted using a process kept secret, so that, even in the event of democratization technology allowing a counterfeiter to make false chip without contacts 6, it is not possible for a forger to encrypt the data appropriately in a chip without contacts 6 counterfeit. Preferably, the above secret method will typically be implemented in the reader 8, and / or in the chip with or without contacts 6, in such a way as the theft of a reader 8, or even knowledge of the method of decryption contained in the reader 8, cannot make it possible to know the encryption process necessary to produce a contactless chip 6 which can be re-read without error by the reader 8.

In the foregoing, the verifications concerning the validity of a document 2 and / or the control of the identity of a natural person 1 have been made, for the simplicity of the description, supposing the intervention of a operator 13. However, appropriate techniques that do not involve human operator 13 can be used whenever this is of interest in practice. In particular, the reading of the information written on the document 2 by an operator 13 could be replaced by an optical recognition of the characters written on the document 2 by a computerized system. Similarly, certain biometric and / or anthropometric data 5 or 12 such as the size, the color of the eyes, and / or fingerprints can be obtained using an automated device that does not require a human operator 13.

Thus, a method of detecting falsification of a document 2 has been described, which makes it possible to detect a large number of falsifications of the inscriptions appearing on a document 2, thanks to the integration into the document 2 of a chip with or without contacts 6. This process makes it possible to compensate for the inadequacies of current documents 2 such as passports, visas, national identity cards, driving and / or work permits, etc., whose falsification no longer presents any difficulty for a forger. experimented.

Among other things, the method of the invention offers a possibility of triple verification of the identity of a natural person 1, by allowing in a few seconds the comparison of a conventional photograph 4 present on the document 2 with the natural person 1, the comparison of a digital photograph 11 stored in the memory 7 of the contactless chip 6 in the document 2 to the natural person 1, and the comparison of the conventional photograph 4 to the photograph in digital form 11. Associated with the others controls described above, this triple possibility makes it possible to detect, in the current technique, any form of falsification of the document 2 and / or usurpation of identity of the natural person 1. This possibility is not offered by any process and / or prior art system.

The effectiveness of the process of the invention is guaranteed by the impossibility, in the current state of the art, of falsifying an existing contactless chip 6, due to the write protection provided at the time of its personalization. Likewise, the use of a secret encryption method makes it possible to prohibit a counterfeiter from making a valid contactless chip 6 from an unprogrammed blank contactless chip. These characteristics mean that the method of the invention is capable of very wide application in fields as varied as the identity check of nationals of a state, or access to protected areas such as military or sensitive civilian areas such as nuclear, arms industries and research centers of all types, and in general, in all areas where authentication of the identity of a natural person 1 is paramount.

Claims

1. Method for detecting falsification of a document (2) issued to a natural person (1), said document (2) comprising at least one conventional photograph (4) making it possible to identify said natural person (1), and / or at least one document number (3) registered to identify said document (2) uniquely, and / or name (19), and possibly first names (33), and / or date of birth (20 ) and / or the place of birth (21) of the natural person (1), and / or one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data (5) entered concerning said natural person (1), characterized in that said document (2) delivered to said natural person (1) further comprises at least one chip with or without contacts (6) read / write with or without contacts, or chip with or without contacts (6), said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) comprising a memory (7), the data contained in said memory (7) from said to me ns a chip with or without contacts (6) which can be read and / or written by a chip reader (8) with or without contacts.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said chip with or without contacts (6) further comprises at least one microprocessor (30).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said chip with or without contacts (6) further comprises at least one microcontroller (31).

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2) further stores non-modifiable identification data (9 ) uniquely identifying said chip with or without contacts (6).

5. Method according to claim 4, in which said non-modifiable data (9) in the memory (7) is written in an appropriate form. (10) on said document (2) and in which said document (2) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading of said data (9) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6 ) by said reader (8), said data (9) thus re-read differs from said data (10) written on said document (2).

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said data contained in said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2) are protected against any modification subsequent to the initial recording of said data.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which one or more photographs in digital form (11) of said natural person (1) are further stored in the memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2).

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said document (2) further comprises one or more conventional photographs (4) of said natural person (1) and wherein said document (2) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading said one or more photographs in digital form (11) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), at least one photograph in digital form (11) thus re-read differs of the corresponding conventional photograph (4) on said document (2).

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the identity of said natural person (1) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading said one or more photographs in digital form (11) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), at least one photograph in digital form (11) thus re-read does not correspond to said natural person (1).

10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one document number (3) is written on said document (2) and in which said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts ( 6) of said document (2) further stores in digital form (16) said at least one document number (3) written on the document (2).

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said document (2) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading said document number (3) in digital form (16) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), said document number (3) in digital form (16) thus read back differs from said document number (3) written on said document (2).

12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the memory (7) of said chip with or without contacts (6) also stores in digital form the name (19), and possibly the first names (33), and / or the date of birth (20) and / or the place of birth (21) of the natural person (1).

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the name (22), and optionally first names (34), and / or date of birth (23) and / or place of birth (24) of the natural person (1 ) are written on said document (2) and in which a falsification of said document (2) is detected if, after re-reading of said name in digital form (19), and possibly of said first names (33) in digital form, and / or of said date of birth in digital form (20) and / or of place of birth in digital form (21) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), said name (19), and possibly said first names (33), re-read differ from said name (22), and possibly said first names (34), written on said document (2) and / or said date of birth (20) re-read differs from said date birth (23) written on said document (2) and / or said place of birth (21) read again differs from said place of birth (24) written on said document (2).

14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2) stores one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data concerning said person. physical (1) in digital form (12).

15. The method of claim 14, wherein one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data (5) are written on said document (2) and wherein said document (2) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading said one or several biometric and / or anthropometric data in digital form (12) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), at least one of said biometric and / or anthropometric data under digital form (12) thus re-read differs from the corresponding biometric and / or anthropometric data (5) written on said document (2).

16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the identity of said natural person (1) is determined to be falsified if, after re-reading of one or more biometric and / or anthropometric data in digital form (12) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), at least one of said biometric and / or anthropometric data in digital form (12) thus read back differs from the biometric and / or anthropometric data correspondent identified on said natural person (1).

17. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2) also stores an expiration date in digital form (15 ) for document (2).

18. The method of claim 17, wherein an expiration date (25) is written on said document (2) and wherein a falsification of said document (2) is determined if, after re-reading said date in digital form (15 ) from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) by said reader (8), said date in digital form (15) differs from said date (25) written on said document (2).

19. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the data stored in said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2) are encrypted.

20. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said determination of the falsification or not of said document (2) and / or of the falsification or not of the identity of said natural person (1) is carried out by an operator (13) implementing said chip reader (8) with or without contacts, said reader (8) displaying on a display device (14) the information read from said memory (7) of said at least one chip with or without contacts (6) of said document (2).

21. A falsification detection system for a document (2) issued to a natural person (1), said document (2) comprising at least one conventional photograph (4) making it possible to identify said natural person (1), and / or at least one document number (3) registered to identify said document (2) uniquely, and / or name (19) and possibly first names (33), and / or date of birth (20) and / or the place of birth (21) of the natural person (1), and / or one or more biometric and / or anthropometric (5) data recorded concerning said natural person (1), characterized in that it puts implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims.