WO2002045489A1 - Method and capsule for identification and remote tracking of birds - Google Patents

Method and capsule for identification and remote tracking of birds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002045489A1
WO2002045489A1 PCT/ES2001/000453 ES0100453W WO0245489A1 WO 2002045489 A1 WO2002045489 A1 WO 2002045489A1 ES 0100453 W ES0100453 W ES 0100453W WO 0245489 A1 WO0245489 A1 WO 0245489A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oxide
capsule
ceramic material
transponder
alumina
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2001/000453
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerardo Caja Lopez
Bernat Ferriol Domenech
Joan Francesc Vilaseca I Vintro
Original Assignee
Gesimpex Comercial, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gesimpex Comercial, S.L. filed Critical Gesimpex Comercial, S.L.
Priority to AU2002220758A priority Critical patent/AU2002220758A1/en
Publication of WO2002045489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002045489A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
    • A01K11/006—Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals
    • A01K11/007—Boluses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the identification and remote monitoring of birds.
  • the invention also relates to a capsule for the identification and remote monitoring of birds, for the performance of the aforementioned procedure, of the type that are spherical, lenticular or cylindrical at the ends and are provided with a cavity. At least one is its longitudinal ends, adapted to receive the insertion of a transponder and which is capable of being closed by any means.
  • the closest antecedents related to the present invention are the already known various patents applied mainly to ruminants, referring to the use of boluses or capsules of different materials (plastic or ceramic), in which an electronic identification device, known in the technique like ⁇ transponders ", and sometimes a metal ballast, to ensure that, once administered orally, they are permanently located in the reticulum (second pre-stomach of ruminant animals).
  • patents US 4,262,632, WO 93/06548, AU-649212-A, WO-94/22295-A, NL-920 1527, WO 95/17809, DE-4,317,340 and WO 98/0125 where different embodiments and procedures of capsules for the identification of ruminants for implantation in the rumen are described and disclosed, inside which is a space whose purpose is to house any type of miniaturized electronic devices that can ' be intended for the identification or collection of information on the animal's body through the use of sensors.
  • EP-A-0 855 137 describes a procedure and device for individualizing an egg in relation to the laying hen, with which the identity of the specific hen that can be associated with an egg can be associated with an egg He has put it, thanks to a combination of a transponder, fixed to the wing or leg of an animal, a remote antenna and a computer.
  • EP-A-786 204 discloses a device for the implantation of a transponder in a bird, the transponder being contained in a capsule that is closed and fixed to the animal's wing by means of a tag.
  • the transponder is implanted externally to the bird, so it is not surprising that in a relatively short space of time, as a result of the blows received, or even by the action of the animal in question, the transponder falls and lose, losing its usefulness or even providing erroneous and confusing information about the animal when it is no longer located in the intended place, which can be a serious inconvenience.
  • the transponder can be implanted subcutaneously, but the fixation operation is particularly cumbersome in birds and presents fixation problems, it being already known that in this system the problem arises that the implant under the skin moves and is prone to get expelled.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an effective and simultaneous solution to all the inconveniences posed in the current technique and to publicize an effective system of identification, location and tracking of birds.
  • the inventors have had the idea of developing a system that is based on the fact that certain birds, such as galliforms, use stones to aid in the gastric function of food crushing, which It is done in the gizzard of these birds.
  • the object of the present invention is a novel procedure for the identification and remote monitoring of all types of birds, which in essence is characterized in that a capsule containing a transponder is ingested into a bird, which is it lodges in the gizzard or muscular stomach of the bird, being the capsule of such hardness and resistance that it is permanently located in the gizzard, and because the signals emitted or received by the transponder are sent to a data collection and processing center .
  • Another object of the present invention is a capsule for the identification and remote monitoring of birds, for the performance of the above procedure, the capsule being spherical, lenticular or cylindrical at the ends and provided with a cavity in at least one of its longitudinal ends, adapted to receive the insertion of a transponder and capable of being closed by any means, characterized in that it is constituted by a ceramic material, totally devoid of porosity, with a density between 2.5 g / cm 3 and 9 g / cm 3 and weighing between 1 and 75 g, all this so that the capsule is permanently housed in the gizzard of the bird, without breakage or erosion.
  • the ceramic material constituting the capsule comprises between 60 and 99.5% by weight of alumina and one or more of the following components: magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, oxide barium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide yz 'irconio.
  • the ceramic material of the capsule has a weight composition comprising between 80 and 97% zirconia.
  • Hf0 2 1 and 6% hafnia
  • A1 2 0 3 alumina
  • Si0 2 silicon oxide
  • Ti0 2 between 0.02 and 0.05% titanium oxide
  • Fe 2 0 3 between 0.02 and 0.05%
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • K 2 0 between 0.02 and 0.05% potassium oxide
  • Na 2 0 sodium oxide
  • the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 1 and 3% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 85 and 98% alumina (Al 2 0 3 ); between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.5 and 2% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.5 and 2% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.07% of sodium oxide (Na 2 0); and between 0.06 and 1.1% potassium oxide (K 2 0).
  • Si0 2 silicon oxide
  • Al 2 0 3 between 85 and 98% alumina
  • Fe 2 0 3 between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • K 2 0 potassium oxide
  • the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 4 and 6.4% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 80 and 95% alumina (Al 2 0 3 ); between 0.1 and 0.3% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.5 and 1.5% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.6 and 1.6% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.1 and 0.3% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.6 and 1% barium oxide (BaO).
  • the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 50 and 60% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between one and 2.5 and 4.5 alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.2 and 1% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.7 and 1.1% calcium oxide (CaO); between 25 and 31% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.05 and 0.5% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 5 and 7.5% barium oxide (BaO).
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are two schematic elevational views of two capsules, cylindrical and flattened on the sides, to carry out the invention
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are schematic views of two capsules in spherical shape, to carry out the invention
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are schematic views of two embodiments of the lenticular form of the capsule of the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic elevational view, showing the implantation in a bird of the device of the present invention.
  • the capsule 1 is made of a ceramic material, totally free of porosity, of sufficient strength and hardness to be permanently lodged without erosion or breakage in the gizzard or muscular stomach 2 of the birds.
  • Capsule 1 is spherical (Figs. 3 and 4), lenticular (Figs. 5 and 6) or cylindrical flattened at the ends (Figs 1 and 2) and is provided with a cavity 4 in at least one of its longitudinal ends.
  • Said cavity 4 is preferably of cylindrical section, with a diameter between 0.5 and 85 mm and can completely pass through the body of the capsule 1 (Figs. 2, 4 and 6), or only partially constituting a "blind" hole ( Figs. 1, 3 and 5), and is capable of being closed by any means.
  • the length of the hole is between 0.5 and 80 mm.
  • the weight of the capsule 1 is between 1 and 75 g, its length is between 5 and 90 mm and its diameter between 1 and 90 mm.
  • the cavity 4 of the capsule 1 is adapted to accommodate a transponder (radio frequency emitter-receiver of a passive or active nature, programmable or previously programmed with a unique and individualized code) intended for the electronic identification of all types of birds, with or without coating a glass capsule.
  • a transponder radio frequency emitter-receiver of a passive or active nature, programmable or previously programmed with a unique and individualized code
  • the cavity 4 can be covered, once the electronic device is located inside it, by using various types of epoxy resins or plastic-type cements.
  • the dimensions of the capsule 1 vary depending on the characteristics of the electronic device used and the size of the bird species where it will be used. These dimensions of capsule 1 are suitable for oral administration in different bird species until they are permanently located in gizzard 2, as shown in Fig. 7. Its design and characteristics allow capsule 1 to pass from Esophagus 5 of the birds to Proventricle 6, and from here to gizzard 2, thanks to the movements of the food during digestion. In the same way, the design and characteristics of the capsule 1 prevent its passage into later sections of the digestive system (duodenum 7).
  • the characteristics of the alumina used to manufacture the capsule prevent erosion and breakage due to collision with other coarse particles, for example stones, present in gizzard 2.
  • the permanent location of the capsule in the gizzard 2 allows to increase the efficiency and reading distance for the detection of the electronic device present inside the capsule 1.
  • the capsule 1 is made of a material containing between 60 and 99.5% by weight of alumina (A1 2 0 3 ), with varying proportions of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, sodium oxide , potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium.
  • alumina A1 2 0 3
  • Zr0 2 zirconia
  • Y 2 0 3 yttria
  • Hf0 2 hafnia
  • A1 2 0 3 alumina
  • Si0 2 silicon oxide
  • Ti0 2 titanium oxide
  • Fe 2 0 3 ferric oxide
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • K 2 0 potassium oxide
  • Na 2 0 sodium oxide
  • Si0 2 silicon oxide
  • A1 2 0 3 between 85 and 98% alumina
  • Fe 2 0 3 between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • Na 2 0 between 0.06 and 1.1% potassium oxide
  • ferric oxide Fe 2 0 3
  • Ti0 2 titanium oxide
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • Na 2 0 sodium oxide
  • K 2 0 potassium oxide
  • barium oxide BaO

Abstract

The method involves making the bird (3) swallow a capsule (1) containing a transponder until it is lodged in the gizzard or muscular stomach (2) of the bird. The hardness and resistance of the capsule is such that it is permanently lodged in the gizzard without braking or eroding. The signals sent or received by the transponder are transmitted to data gathering and processing center. The capsule has a spherical, lenticular or cylindrical shape, the ends of which flattened, and is provided with a cavity (4) located on at least one of its longitudinal ends, said cavity being adapted to receiving the inserted transponder. The capsule consists of a ceramic material comprising variable proportions of aluminum, silica, lime, magnesium, barium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium, yttrium, and/or hafnium totally free from porosity and in densities ranging between 2. 5 and 9 g/cm3 and weights of 1 to 75 g.

Description

"PROCEDIMIENTO Y CAPSULA PARA IA IDENTIFICACIÓN Y SEGUIMIENTO REMOTO DE AVES""PROCEDURE AND CAPSULE FOR REMOTE IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF BIRDS"
Sector técnico de la invención. -Technical sector of the invention. -
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la identificación y el seguimiento remoto de aves.The present invention relates to a method for the identification and remote monitoring of birds.
También se refiere la invención a una cápsula para la identificación y el seguimiento remoto de aves, para la realización del procedimiento mencionado, del tipo de las que son de forma esférica, lenticular o cilindrica achatada en los extremos y están provistas de una cavidad en por lo menos uno se sus extremos longitudinales, adaptada para recibir la inserción de un transponder y que es susceptible de ser cerrada por cualquier medio.The invention also relates to a capsule for the identification and remote monitoring of birds, for the performance of the aforementioned procedure, of the type that are spherical, lenticular or cylindrical at the ends and are provided with a cavity. At least one is its longitudinal ends, adapted to receive the insertion of a transponder and which is capable of being closed by any means.
Estado de la técnica. -State of the art -
Es ya conocida desde hace algún tiempo la identificación electrónica y la recogida de información remota- mente mediante sensores electrónicos de las actividades y del estado fisico de los animales y que pueden ser transmitidas mediante cualquier tipo de ondas electromagnéticas, preferentemente mediante radiofrecuencia.It has been known for some time the electronic identification and the collection of information remotely by electronic sensors of the activities and physical state of the animals and that can be transmitted by any type of electromagnetic waves, preferably by radiofrequency.
La implantación de estos sensores en animales es de gran utilidad para efectuar un seguimiento y control individualizados de cada ejemplar de animal, con fines de control de explotaciones ganaderas o cinegéticos, o bien para realizar estudios etológicos y planes de conservación de especies. En el estado actual de la técnica, se conocen muchas aplicaciones de esta tecnología aplicadas a mamíferos, de granja (vacas, ovejas, cabras, etc.) o de explotación industrial o cinegética (renos y cérvidos en general) , para la identificación, el control de producciones (ga- nancia de peso, producción de leche, control de la reproducción y del estado sanitario, etc.) o para la automatización de operaciones comunes de manejo de estos animales, tales como la alimentación, el control de acceso a áreas restringidas o a puertas y pasillos de clasificación, etc. que pueden ser utilizadas en su explotación y control.The implantation of these sensors in animals is very useful to carry out an individual monitoring and control of each animal specimen, for the purpose of controlling livestock or hunting operations, or to carry out ethological studies and species conservation plans. In the current state of the art, many applications of this technology are known applied to mammals, farm (cows, sheep, goats, etc.) or industrial or hunting operation (reindeer and deer in general), for identification, production control (ga- nancia of weight, milk production, control of the reproduction and the sanitary state, etc.) or for the automation of common operations of handling of these animals, such as the feeding, the control of access to restricted areas or to doors and corridors of classification, etc. that can be used in its exploitation and control.
Los antecedentes más próximos relacionados con la presente invención son las ya conocidas diversas patentes aplicadas fundamentalmente a rumiantes, referidas al empleo de bolos o cápsulas de distintos materiales (plásticos o cerámicos) , en cuyo interior se coloca un dispositivo electrónico de identificación, conocidos en la técnica como λλtransponders", y en ocasiones un lastre de metal, para conseguir que, una vez administradas por vía oral, se localicen de forma permanente en el retículo (segundo pre-estómago de los animales rumiantes) .The closest antecedents related to the present invention are the already known various patents applied mainly to ruminants, referring to the use of boluses or capsules of different materials (plastic or ceramic), in which an electronic identification device, known in the technique like λλ transponders ", and sometimes a metal ballast, to ensure that, once administered orally, they are permanently located in the reticulum (second pre-stomach of ruminant animals).
Como referentes más cercanos cabe citar las patentes US-4.262.632, WO 93/06548, AU-649212-A, WO-94/22295-A, NL-920 1527, WO 95/17809, DE-4.317.340 y WO 98/0125, en donde se describen y dan a conocer diferentes realizaciones y procedimientos de cápsulas para la identificación de rumiantes de implantación en el rumen, en cuyo interior se encuentra un espacio cuya finalidad es alojar cualquier tipo de dispositivos electrónicos miniaturiza- dos que puedan' ser destinados a la identificación o a la recogida de información del cuerpo del animal mediante el empleo de sensores.As closest references, patents US 4,262,632, WO 93/06548, AU-649212-A, WO-94/22295-A, NL-920 1527, WO 95/17809, DE-4,317,340 and WO 98/0125, where different embodiments and procedures of capsules for the identification of ruminants for implantation in the rumen are described and disclosed, inside which is a space whose purpose is to house any type of miniaturized electronic devices that can ' be intended for the identification or collection of information on the animal's body through the use of sensors.
Sin embargo, ninguno de los dispositivos de los an- teriores documentos de patente citados son adecuados para la identificación de aves, ni su principio de actuación o constitución los hace adecuados a este fin, cuando sería muy interesante la aplicación de esta tecnología a las aves, tanto a las aves de producción, por ejemplo galliformes (gallinas, pavos, perdices, faisanes), an- seriformes (ocas, patos, gansos, etc.) y avestruces, como a las sometidas a programas de estudios de conservación de especies y etológicos, así como con fines cinegéticos. Existen en la técnica actual algunos documentos que dan a conocer procedimientos y dispositivos para la identificación de aves.However, none of the devices in the aforementioned patent documents are suitable for the identification of birds, nor does their principle of action or constitution make them suitable for this purpose, when the application of this technology to birds would be very interesting. , both to production birds, for example galliformes (chickens, turkeys, partridges, pheasants), anififorms (geese, ducks, geese, etc.) and ostriches, as well as those subject to programs of species and ethological conservation studies, as well as hunting purposes. There are some documents in the current art that disclose procedures and devices for bird identification.
En este sentido, la patente europea con número de publicación EP-A-0 855 137 describe un procedimiento y dispositivo para individualizar un huevo en relación con la gallina ponedora, con el que se puede asociar a un huevo la identidad de la gallina concreta que lo ha puesto, gracias a una combinación de un transponder, fijado al ala o pata de animal, de una antena y de un ordenador remotos.In this sense, the European patent with publication number EP-A-0 855 137 describes a procedure and device for individualizing an egg in relation to the laying hen, with which the identity of the specific hen that can be associated with an egg can be associated with an egg He has put it, thanks to a combination of a transponder, fixed to the wing or leg of an animal, a remote antenna and a computer.
Cabe igualmente citar la patente europea EP-A-786 204, que da a conocer un dispositivo para la implantación de un transponder en un ave, estando contenido el transponder en una cápsula que se cierre y se fija al ala del animal mediante un marbete.It is also worth mentioning the European patent EP-A-786 204, which discloses a device for the implantation of a transponder in a bird, the transponder being contained in a capsule that is closed and fixed to the animal's wing by means of a tag.
En ambos casos, el transponder se implanta externamente al ave, por lo que no es de extrañar que en un espacio relativamente corto de tiempo, por efecto de los golpes recibidos, o incluso por la propia acción del animal en cuestión, el transponder se caiga y extravíe, perdiendo su utilidad o incluso proporcionando informaciones erróneas y confusas sobre el animal cuando ya no está ubicado en el lugar previsto, lo cual puede ser un inconveniente grave. Alternativamente, el transponder puede ser implantado subcutáneamente, pero la operación de fijación es particularmente engorrosa en aves y presenta problemas de fijación, siendo ya sabido que en este sistema se presenta el problema de que el implante bajo piel se desplaza y es propenso a salir expulsado.In both cases, the transponder is implanted externally to the bird, so it is not surprising that in a relatively short space of time, as a result of the blows received, or even by the action of the animal in question, the transponder falls and lose, losing its usefulness or even providing erroneous and confusing information about the animal when it is no longer located in the intended place, which can be a serious inconvenience. Alternatively, the transponder can be implanted subcutaneously, but the fixation operation is particularly cumbersome in birds and presents fixation problems, it being already known that in this system the problem arises that the implant under the skin moves and is prone to get expelled.
La finalidad de la presente invención es proporcionar una solución efectiva y simultánea a todos los inconvenientes planteados en la técnica actual y dar a conocer un eficaz sistema de identificación, localización y seguimiento de aves. Para ello, los inventores han tenido la idea de desarrollar un sistema que se basa en el hecho de que determinadas aves, tales como por ejemplo las galliformes, se sirven de piedras para ayudar en la fun- ción gástrica de trituración de los alimentos, que se realiza en la molleja de estas aves.The purpose of the present invention is to provide an effective and simultaneous solution to all the inconveniences posed in the current technique and to publicize an effective system of identification, location and tracking of birds. To this end, the inventors have had the idea of developing a system that is based on the fact that certain birds, such as galliforms, use stones to aid in the gastric function of food crushing, which It is done in the gizzard of these birds.
Explicación de la invención. -Explanation of the invention. -
A tal finalidad, el objeto de la presente invención es un novedoso procedimiento para la identificación y el seguimiento remoto de todo tipo de aves, que en su esencia se caracteriza porque se hace ingerir a un ave una cápsula que contiene un transponder, la cual se aloja en la molleja o estómago muscular del ave, siendo la cápsula de una dureza y resistencia tales que queda localizada de forma permanente en la molleja, y porque las señales emitidas o recibidas por el transponder se envían a un centro de recogida y tratamiento de datos.For this purpose, the object of the present invention is a novel procedure for the identification and remote monitoring of all types of birds, which in essence is characterized in that a capsule containing a transponder is ingested into a bird, which is it lodges in the gizzard or muscular stomach of the bird, being the capsule of such hardness and resistance that it is permanently located in the gizzard, and because the signals emitted or received by the transponder are sent to a data collection and processing center .
Otro objeto de la presente invención es una cápsula para la identificación y el seguimiento remoto de aves, para la realización del procedimiento anterior, siendo la cápsula de forma esférica, lenticular o cilindrica achatada en los extremos y estando provista de una cavidad en por lo menos uno de sus extremos longitudinales, adaptada para recibir la inserción de un transponder y susceptible de ser cerrada por cualquier medio, caracterizada porque está constituida por un material cerámico, totalmente desprovisto de porosidad, de densidad comprendida entre 2,5 g/cm3 y 9 g/cm3 y de un peso comprendido entre 1 y 75 g, todo ello de modo que la cápsula queda permanentemente alojada en la molleja del ave, sin roturas ni erosiones. De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención, el material cerámico que constituye la cápsula comprende entre un 60 y un 99,5 % en peso de alúmina y uno o más de entre los siguientes componentes: óxido de magnesio, óxido de calcio, óxido de bario, óxido de sodio, óxido de potasio, óxido férrico, óxido de titanio y z'irconio.Another object of the present invention is a capsule for the identification and remote monitoring of birds, for the performance of the above procedure, the capsule being spherical, lenticular or cylindrical at the ends and provided with a cavity in at least one of its longitudinal ends, adapted to receive the insertion of a transponder and capable of being closed by any means, characterized in that it is constituted by a ceramic material, totally devoid of porosity, with a density between 2.5 g / cm 3 and 9 g / cm 3 and weighing between 1 and 75 g, all this so that the capsule is permanently housed in the gizzard of the bird, without breakage or erosion. According to another feature of the invention, the ceramic material constituting the capsule comprises between 60 and 99.5% by weight of alumina and one or more of the following components: magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, oxide barium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide yz 'irconio.
Según una forma de realización de la invención, el material cerámico de la cápsula tiene una composición en peso que comprende entre un 80 y un 97 % de zirconiaAccording to one embodiment of the invention, the ceramic material of the capsule has a weight composition comprising between 80 and 97% zirconia.
(Zr02) ; entre un 3,5 y un 6 % de yttria (Y203) ; entre un(Zr0 2 ); between 3.5 and 6% of yttria (Y 2 0 3 ); between a
1 y un 6 % de hafnia (Hf02) ; entre un 0,1 y un 0,7 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,01 y un 0,03% de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de calcio (CaO) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,05 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) .1 and 6% hafnia (Hf0 2 ); between 0.1 and 0.7% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.01 and 0.03% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.02 and 0.05% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.05% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.05 and 0.07% sodium oxide (Na 2 0).
En otra forma de realización, el material cerámico de la cápsula tiene una composición que comprende entre un 1 y un 3 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 85 y un 98 % de alúmina (Al203) ; entre un 0,03 y un 0,08 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; y entre un 0,06 y un 1,1 % de óxido de potasio (K20) .In another embodiment, the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 1 and 3% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 85 and 98% alumina (Al 2 0 3 ); between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.5 and 2% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.5 and 2% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.07% of sodium oxide (Na 2 0); and between 0.06 and 1.1% potassium oxide (K 2 0).
En una tercera forma de realización, el material cerámico de la cápsula tiene una composición que comprende entre un 4 y un 6,4 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 80 y un 95 % de alúmina (Al203) ; entre un 0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,5 y un 1,5 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,6 y un 1,6 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,6 y un 1 % de óxido de bario (BaO) . En una cuarta forma de realización, el material cerámico de la cápsula tiene una composición que comprende entre un 50 y un 60 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un y 2,5 y un 4,5 de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,2 y un 1 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,7 y un 1,1 % de óxido de calcio (CaO) ; entre un 25 y un 31 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 5 y un 7,5 % de óxido de bario (BaO) . Si bien el procedimiento y el dispositivo de la invención son de aplicación para todo tipo de aves, encuentran principal aplicación en aquellas aves que se ayudan de piedras que ingieren para realizar la función de la molleja de triturar el alimento.In a third embodiment, the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 4 and 6.4% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 80 and 95% alumina (Al 2 0 3 ); between 0.1 and 0.3% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.5 and 1.5% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.6 and 1.6% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.1 and 0.3% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.6 and 1% barium oxide (BaO). In a fourth embodiment, the ceramic material of the capsule has a composition comprising between 50 and 60% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between one and 2.5 and 4.5 alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.2 and 1% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.7 and 1.1% calcium oxide (CaO); between 25 and 31% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.05 and 0.5% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 5 and 7.5% barium oxide (BaO). Although the method and the device of the invention are applicable for all types of birds, they find a main application in those birds that use stones they ingest to perform the function of the gizzard to crush the food.
Breve descripción de los dibujos. -Brief description of the drawings. -
A continuación se hace la descripción de una forma de realización preferida, aunque no exclusiva, del objeto de la presente invención, para cuya mejor comprensión se acompaña de unos dibujos, dados meramente a título de ejemplo no limitativo, en los cuales: las Figs. 1 y 2 son sendas vistas esquemáticas en alzado de dos cápsulas, en forma cilindrica y achatadas por los lados, para llevar a cabo la invención; las Figs. 3 y 4 son sendas vistas esquemáticas de dos cápsulas en forma esférica, para llevar a cabo la invención; las Figs. 5 y 6 son sendas vistas esquemáticas de dos formas de realización de forma lenticular de la cápsula de la invención; y la Fig. 7 es una vista esquemática en alzado, que muestra la implantación en un ave del dispositivo de la presente invención.The following is a description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of the object of the present invention, for which better understanding is accompanied by drawings, given merely by way of non-limiting example, in which: Figs. 1 and 2 are two schematic elevational views of two capsules, cylindrical and flattened on the sides, to carry out the invention; Figs. 3 and 4 are schematic views of two capsules in spherical shape, to carry out the invention; Figs. 5 and 6 are schematic views of two embodiments of the lenticular form of the capsule of the invention; and Fig. 7 is a schematic elevational view, showing the implantation in a bird of the device of the present invention.
Descripción detallada de los dibujos. - En dichos dibujos puede apreciarse el principio operativo del procedimiento y la constitución del dispo- sitivo objeto de la presente invención para la identificación de aves 3 mediante el uso de una cápsula 1.Detailed description of the drawings. - In said drawings the operative principle of the procedure and the constitution of the device object of the present invention for the identification of birds 3 can be appreciated by the use of a capsule 1.
La cápsula 1 es de un material cerámico, totalmente exento de porosidad, de resistencia y dureza suficientes para poder ser alojada permanentemente sin erosiones ni roturas en la molleja o estómago muscular 2 de las aves. La cápsula 1 es esférica (Figs. 3 y 4), lenticular (Figs. 5 y 6) o cilindrica achatada en los extremos (Figs 1 y 2) y está provista de una cavidad 4 en por lo menos uno de sus extremos longitudinales. Dicha cavidad 4 es preferentemente de sección cilindrica, de diámetro comprendido entre 0,5 y 85 mm y puede atravesar completamente el cuerpo de la cápsula 1 (Figs. 2, 4 y 6) , o bien solo parcialmente constituyendo un orificio "ciego" (Figs. 1, 3 y 5) , y es susceptible de ser cerrada por cualquier medio. En el último caso, la longitud del orificio está comprendida entre 0,5 y 80 mm. Preferiblemente, el peso de la cápsula 1 está comprendido entre 1 y 75 g, su longitud está comprendida entre 5 y 90 mm y su diámetro entre 1 y 90 mm. La cavidad 4 de la cápsula 1 está adaptada para alojar un transponder (emisor-receptor de radiofrecuencia de carácter pasivo o activo, programable o previamente programado con un código único e individualizado) destinado a la identificación electrónica de todo tipo de aves, con o sin recubrimiento de una cápsula de cristal.The capsule 1 is made of a ceramic material, totally free of porosity, of sufficient strength and hardness to be permanently lodged without erosion or breakage in the gizzard or muscular stomach 2 of the birds. Capsule 1 is spherical (Figs. 3 and 4), lenticular (Figs. 5 and 6) or cylindrical flattened at the ends (Figs 1 and 2) and is provided with a cavity 4 in at least one of its longitudinal ends. Said cavity 4 is preferably of cylindrical section, with a diameter between 0.5 and 85 mm and can completely pass through the body of the capsule 1 (Figs. 2, 4 and 6), or only partially constituting a "blind" hole ( Figs. 1, 3 and 5), and is capable of being closed by any means. In the latter case, the length of the hole is between 0.5 and 80 mm. Preferably, the weight of the capsule 1 is between 1 and 75 g, its length is between 5 and 90 mm and its diameter between 1 and 90 mm. The cavity 4 of the capsule 1 is adapted to accommodate a transponder (radio frequency emitter-receiver of a passive or active nature, programmable or previously programmed with a unique and individualized code) intended for the electronic identification of all types of birds, with or without coating a glass capsule.
La cavidad 4 puede ser tapada, una vez situado en su interior el dispositivo electrónico, mediante el empleo de diversos tipos de resinas epoxi o cementos de tipo plástico.The cavity 4 can be covered, once the electronic device is located inside it, by using various types of epoxy resins or plastic-type cements.
Las dimensiones de la cápsula 1 varían en función de las características del dispositivo electrónico utilizado y del tamaño de la especie de ave donde va a ser utilizado. Estas dimensiones de la cápsula 1 resultan las ade- cuadas para su administración vía oral en distintas especies de aves hasta su localización permanente en la molleja 2, según se aprecia en la Fig. 7. Su diseño y características permiten que la cápsula 1 pase del esófago 5 de las aves al proventrículo 6, y de aquí a la molleja 2, gracias a los movimientos del alimento durante la digestión. De la misma forma, el diseño y características de la cápsula 1 evitan su paso hacia tramos posteriores del aparato digestivo (duodeno 7) .The dimensions of the capsule 1 vary depending on the characteristics of the electronic device used and the size of the bird species where it will be used. These dimensions of capsule 1 are suitable for oral administration in different bird species until they are permanently located in gizzard 2, as shown in Fig. 7. Its design and characteristics allow capsule 1 to pass from Esophagus 5 of the birds to Proventricle 6, and from here to gizzard 2, thanks to the movements of the food during digestion. In the same way, the design and characteristics of the capsule 1 prevent its passage into later sections of the digestive system (duodenum 7).
Las características de la alúmina utilizada para la fabricación de la cápsula, evitan su erosión y rotura debido al choque con otras partículas groseras, por ejemplo piedras, presentes en la molleja 2.The characteristics of the alumina used to manufacture the capsule prevent erosion and breakage due to collision with other coarse particles, for example stones, present in gizzard 2.
La localización permanente de la cápsula en la molleja 2, permite aumentar la eficacia y distancia de lectura para la detección del dispositivo electrónico presente en el interior de la cápsula 1.The permanent location of the capsule in the gizzard 2, allows to increase the efficiency and reading distance for the detection of the electronic device present inside the capsule 1.
Preferentemente, la cápsula 1 es de un material que contiene entre un 60 y un 99,5% en peso de alúmina (A1203) , con proporciones variables de óxido de magnesio, óxido de calcio, óxido de bario, óxido de sodio, óxido de potasio, óxido férrico, óxido de titanio y zirconio.Preferably, the capsule 1 is made of a material containing between 60 and 99.5% by weight of alumina (A1 2 0 3 ), with varying proportions of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, sodium oxide , potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium.
Como realizaciones alternativas en cuanto a composición porcentual en peso, se contemplan otras posibilidades, enumeradas a continuación: A) entre un 80 y un 97 % de zirconia (Zr02) ; entre un 3,5 y un 6 % de yttria (Y203) ; entre un 1 y un 6 % de hafnia (Hf02) ; entre un 0,1 y un 0,7 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,01 y un 0,03% de óxido de si- licio (Si02) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,05 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) .As alternative embodiments in terms of percentage composition by weight, other possibilities are contemplated, listed below: A) between 80 and 97% of zirconia (Zr0 2 ); between 3.5 and 6% of yttria (Y 2 0 3 ); between 1 and 6% hafnia (Hf0 2 ); between 0.1 and 0.7% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.01 and 0.03% of silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.02 and 0.05% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.05% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.05 and 0.07% sodium oxide (Na 2 0).
B) entre un 1 y un 3 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 85 y un 98 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,03 y un 0,08 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; y entre un 0,06 y un 1,1 % de óxido de potasio (K20) .B) between 1 and 3% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 85 and 98% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.5 and 2% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.5 and 2% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.07% of sodium oxide (Na 2 0); and between 0.06 and 1.1% potassium oxide (K 2 0).
C) entre un 4 y un 6,4 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 80 y un 95 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre unC) between 4 and 6.4% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 80 and 95% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between a
0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,5 y un 1,5 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,6 y un 1,6 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,6 y un 1 % de óxido de bario (BaO) .0.1 and 0.3% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.5 and 1.5% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.6 and 1.6% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.1 and 0.3% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.6 and 1% barium oxide (BaO).
D) entre un 50 y un 60 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 2,5 y un 4,5 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,2 y un 1 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,7 y un 1,1 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 25 y un 31 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 5 y un 7,5 % de óxido de bario (BaO) . D) between 50 and 60% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 2.5 and 4.5% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.2 and 1% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.7 and 1.1% calcium oxide (CaO); between 25 and 31% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.05 and 0.5% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 5 and 7.5% barium oxide (BaO).

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1.- Procedimiento para la identificación y el segui- miento remoto de aves, caracterizado porque se hace ingerir a un ave (3) una cápsula (1) que contiene un transponder, la cual se aloja en la molleja o estómago muscular (2) del ave, siendo la cápsula de una dureza y resistencia tales que queda localizada de forma permanente en la molleja, y porque las señales emitidas o recibidas por el transponder se envían a un centro de recogida y tratamiento de datos.1.- Procedure for the identification and remote monitoring of birds, characterized in that a capsule (1) containing a transponder is ingested to a bird (3), which is housed in the gizzard or muscular stomach (2) of the bird, being the capsule of such hardness and resistance that it is permanently located in the gizzard, and because the signals emitted or received by the transponder are sent to a data collection and processing center.
2.- Cápsula (1) para la realización del procedimiento de identificación y el seguimiento remoto de aves (3) según la reivindicación 1, que es de forma esférica, lenticular o cilindrica achatada en los extremos y está provista de una cavidad (4) en por lo menos uno de sus extremos longitudinales, adaptada para recibir la inserción de un transponder y susceptible de ser cerrada por cualquier medio, caracterizada porque está constituida por un material cerámico, totalmente desprovisto de porosidad, de densidad comprendida entre 2,5 y 9 g/cm3 y de un peso comprendido entre 1 y 75 g, todo ello de modo que la cápsula queda permanentemente alojada en la molleja del ave, sin roturas ni erosiones.2. Capsule (1) for performing the identification procedure and remote monitoring of birds (3) according to claim 1, which is spherical, lenticular or cylindrical at the ends and is provided with a cavity (4) at least one of its longitudinal ends, adapted to receive the insertion of a transponder and capable of being closed by any means, characterized in that it is constituted by a ceramic material, totally devoid of porosity, with a density between 2.5 and 9 g / cm 3 and weighing between 1 and 75 g, all so that the capsule is permanently housed in the gizzard of the bird, without breakage or erosion.
3.- Cápsula (1) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el material cerámico que la constituye comprende entre un 60 y un 99,5 % en peso de alúmina y uno o más de entre los siguientes componentes: óxido de magnesio, óxido de calcio, óxido de bario, óxido de sodio, óxido de potasio, óxido férrico, óxido de titanio y zirconio.3. Capsule (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material that constitutes it comprises between 60 and 99.5% by weight of alumina and one or more of the following components: magnesium oxide, oxide of calcium, barium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium.
4.- Cápsula (1) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el material cerámico que la constituye tiene una composición en peso que comprende entre un 80 y un 97 % de zirconia (Zr02) ; entre un 3,5 y un 6 % de yttria (Y203) ; entre un 1 y un 6 % de hafnia (Hf02) ; entre un 0,1 y un 0,7 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,01 y un 0,03 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de titanio (Ti0) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % peso de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,05 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,05 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) .4. Capsule (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material that constitutes it It has a composition by weight comprising between 80 and 97% of zirconia (Zr0 2 ); between 3.5 and 6% of yttria (Y 2 0 3 ); between 1 and 6% hafnia (Hf0 2 ); between 0.1 and 0.7% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.01 and 0.03% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% titanium oxide (Ti0); between 0.02 and 0.05% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.02 and 0.05% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.02 and 0.05% weight of magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.05% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.05 and 0.07% sodium oxide (Na 2 0).
5.- Cápsula (1) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el material cerámico que la constituye tiene una composición en peso que comprende entre un 1 y un 3 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 85 y un 98 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,03 y un 0,08 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,5 y un 2 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,02 y un 0,07 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; y entre un 0,06 y un 1,1 % de óxido de potasio (K0) .5. Capsule (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material that constitutes it has a composition by weight comprising between 1 and 3% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 85 and 98% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.03 and 0.08% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.5 and 2% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.5 and 2% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.02 and 0.07% of sodium oxide (Na 2 0); and between 0.06 and 1.1% potassium oxide (K0).
6.- Cápsula (1) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el material cerámico que la constituye tiene una composición en peso que comprende entre un 4 y un 6,4 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 80 y un 95 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,5 y un 1,5 % de óxido de calcio (CaO); entre un 0,6 y un 1,6 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,1 y un 0,3 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 0,6 y un 1 % de óxido de bario (BaO) .6. Capsule (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material that constitutes it has a weight composition comprising between 4 and 6.4% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 80 and 95% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.1 and 0.3% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.5 and 1.5% calcium oxide (CaO); between 0.6 and 1.6% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.1 and 0.3% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 0.6 and 1% barium oxide (BaO).
7.- Cápsula (1) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el material cerámico que la constituye tiene una composición en peso que comprende entre un 50 y un 60 % de óxido de silicio (Si02) ; entre un 2,5 y un 4,5 % de alúmina (A1203) ; entre un 0,2 y un 1 % de óxido férrico (Fe203) ; entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de titanio (Ti02) ; entre un 0,7 y un 1,1 % de óxido de calcio (CaO) ; entre un 25 y un 31 % de óxido de magnesio (MgO); entre un 0,05 y un 0,5 % de óxido de sodio (Na20) ; entre un 0,2 y un 0,4 % de óxido de potasio (K20) ; y entre un 5 y un 7,5 % de óxido de bario (BaO). 7. Capsule (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the ceramic material constituting it has a weight composition comprising between 50 and 60% silicon oxide (Si0 2 ); between 2.5 and 4.5% alumina (A1 2 0 3 ); between 0.2 and 1% ferric oxide (Fe 2 0 3 ); between 0.05 and 0.5% titanium oxide (Ti0 2 ); between 0.7 and 1.1% calcium oxide (CaO); between 25 and 31% magnesium oxide (MgO); between 0.05 and 0.5% sodium oxide (Na 2 0); between 0.2 and 0.4% potassium oxide (K 2 0); and between 5 and 7.5% barium oxide (BaO).
PCT/ES2001/000453 2000-12-05 2001-11-26 Method and capsule for identification and remote tracking of birds WO2002045489A1 (en)

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