WO2002096268A2 - Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing - Google Patents
Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002096268A2 WO2002096268A2 PCT/US2002/016945 US0216945W WO02096268A2 WO 2002096268 A2 WO2002096268 A2 WO 2002096268A2 US 0216945 W US0216945 W US 0216945W WO 02096268 A2 WO02096268 A2 WO 02096268A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cartilage
- articular
- articular surface
- replacement material
- repair system
- Prior art date
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
Definitions
- Hyaline cartilage is found at the articular surfaces of bones, e.g., in the joints, and is responsible for providing the smooth gliding motion characteristic of moveable joints.
- Articular cartilage is firmly attached to the underlying bones and measures typically less than 5mm in thickness in human joints, with considerable variation depending on joint and site within the joint.
- articular cartilage is aneural, avascular, and alymphatic. In adult humans, this cartilage derives its nutrition by a double diffusion system through the synovial membrane and through the dense matrix of the cartilage to reach the chondrocyte, the cells that are found in the connective tissue of cartilage.
- a prosthetic material for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys.
- a prosthetic material for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys.
- a prosthetic material for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys.
- Implantation of prosthetic devices is usually associated with loss of underlying tissue and bone without recovery of the full function allowed by the original cartilage. Serious long-term complications associated with the presence of a permanent foreign body can include infection, osteolysis and also loosening of the implant.
- step (a) comprises measuring the size of the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site. In other embodiments, step (a) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site, measuring the size of the intended implantation site, and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
- the articular replacement material ⁇ e.g., the cartilage replacement material
- the dimensions of the replacement material may be selected following intraoperative measurements, for example measurements made using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, x-ray imaging obtained with x- ray dye and fluoroscopic imaging.
- a mechanical probe (with or without imaging capabilities) may also be used to selected dimensions, for example an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and a deformable material.
- the invention includes a partial articular prosthesis comprising a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material; and a second component comprising one or more metals, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said prosthesis comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface.
- the first and/or second component comprises a non-pliable material ⁇ e.g., a metal, a polymer, a metal allow, a solid biological material).
- Other materials that may be included in the first and/or second components include polymers, biological materials, metals, metal alloys or combinations thereof.
- one or both components may be smooth or porous (or porous coated).
- the system exhibits biomechanical ⁇ e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) and/or biochemical properties similar to articular cartilage.
- the first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections.
- the first component has a curvature and thickness similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage. The thickness and/or curvature may vary across the implant material.
- FIG 11A shows an exemplary a single component articular surface repair system 1100 with varying curvature and radii.
- the articular surface repair system is chosen to include convex and concave portions. Such devices can be preferable in a lateral femoral condyle or small joints such as the elbow joint.
- FIG. 11B depicts a multi-component articular surface repair system with a deep component 1110 that mirrors the shape of the subchondral bone and a superficial component 1105 closely matching the shape and curvature of the surrounding normal cartilage 1115.
- the deep component 1110 and the superficial component 1105 demonstrate varying curvatures and radii with convex and concave portions.
- CT or MRI is used to assess tissue, bone, cartilage and any defects therein, for example cartilage lesions or areas of diseased cartilage, to obtain information on subchondral bone or cartilage degeneration and to provide morphologic or biochemical or biomechanical information about the area of damage.
- changes such as fissuring, partial or full thickness cartilage loss, and signal changes within residual cartilage can be detected using one or more of these methods.
- the deformable material comprises a plurality of individually moveable mechanical elements.
- each element When pressed against the surface of interest, each element may be pushed in the opposing direction and the extent to which it is pushed (deformed) will correspond to the curvature of the surface of interest.
- the device may include a brake mechanism so that the elements are maintained in the position that mirrors the surface of the cartilage and/or bone. The device can then be removed from the patient and analyzed for curvature.
- each individual moveable element may include markers indicating the amount and/or degree they are deformed at a given spot.
- a camera can be used to intra-operatively image the device and the image can be saved and analyzed for curvature information. Suitable markers include, but are not limited to, actual linear measurements (metric or imperial), different colors corresponding to different amounts of deformation and/or different shades or hues of the same color(s).
- the probes are preferably handheld.
- the probes or at least a portion of the probe, typically the portion that is in contact with the tissue, will be sterile. Sterility can be achieved with use of sterile covers, for example similar to those disclosed in WO9908598A1.
- the distal end of the probe is typically hollow in order to accept the tissue.
- the probe can have an edge at a defined distance from its distal end, e.g. at 1 cm distance from the distal end and the edge can be used to achieve a defined depth of tissue penetration for harvesting.
- the edge can be external or can be inside the hollow portion of the probe.
- an orthopedic surgeon can take the probe and advance it with physical pressure into the cartilage, the subchondral bone and the underlying marrow in the case of a joint such as a knee joint. The surgeon can advance the probe until the external or internal edge reaches the cartilage surface. At that point, the edge will prevent further tissue penetration thereby achieving a constant and reproducible tissue penetration.
- a laser device or a radiofrequency device can be integrated inside the distal end of the probe.
- the laser device or the radiofrequency device can be used to cut through the tissue and to separate the tissue sample from the underlying tissue.
- the same probe can be used in the donor and in the recipient.
- similarly shaped probes of slightly different physical dimensions can be used.
- the probe used in the recipient can be slightly smaller than that used in the donor thereby achieving a tight fit between the tissue sample or tissue transplant and the recipient site.
- the probe used in the recipient can also be slightly shorter than that used in the donor thereby correcting for any tissue lost during the separation or cutting of the tissue sample from the underlying tissue in the donor material.
- Non-limiting examples of multiple-component systems include combinations of metal, plastic, metal alloys and one or more biological materials.
- One or more components of the articular surface repair system can be composed of a biologic material (e.g. a tissue scaffold with cells such as cartilage cells or stem cells alone or seeded within a substrate such as a bioresorable material or a tissue scaffold, allograft, autograft or combinations thereof) and/or a non-biological material (e.g., polyethylene or a chromium alloy such as chromium cobalt).
- a biologic material e.g. a tissue scaffold with cells such as cartilage cells or stem cells alone or seeded within a substrate such as a bioresorable material or a tissue scaffold, allograft, autograft or combinations thereof
- a non-biological material e.g., polyethylene or a chromium alloy such as chromium cobalt
- the repair system can include one or more areas of a single material or a combination of materials, for example, the articular surface repair system can have a superficial and a deep component.
- the superficial component is typically designed to have size, thickness and curvature similar to that of the cartilage tissue lost while the deep component is typically designed to have a curvature similar to the subchondral bone.
- the superficial component can have biomechanical properties similar to articular cartilage, including but not limited to similar elasticity and resistance to axial loading or shear forces.
- the superficial and the deep component can consist of two different metals or metal alloys.
- One or more components of the system can be composed of a biologic material including, but not limited to bone, or a non-biologic material including, but not limited to hydroxyapatite, tantalum, a chromium alloy, chromium cobalt or other metal alloys.
- a biologic material including, but not limited to bone, or a non-biologic material including, but not limited to hydroxyapatite, tantalum, a chromium alloy, chromium cobalt or other metal alloys.
- One or more regions of the articular surface repair system ⁇ e.g., the outer margin of the superficial portion and/or the deep portion
- can be bioresorbable for example to allow the interface between the articular surface repair system and the patient's normal cartilage, over time, to be filled in with hyaline or fibrocartilage.
- one or more regions can be porous.
- the degree of porosity can change throughout the porous region, linearly or non-linearly, for where the degree of porosity will typically decrease towards the center of the articular surface repair system.
- the pores can be designed for in-growth of cartilage cells, cartilage matrix, and connective tissue thereby achieving a smooth interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding cartilage.
- the repair system ⁇ e.g., the deep component in multiple component systems
- one or more portions of the articular surface repair system can be pliable or liquid or deformable at the time of implantation and can harden later. Hardening can occur within 1 second to 2 hours (or any time period therebetween), preferably with in 1 second to 30 minutes (or any time period therebetween), more preferably between 1 second and 10 minutes (or any time period therebetween).
- the articular surface repair system can be anchored to the patient's bone with use of a pin or screw or other attachment mechanism.
- the attachment mechanism can be bioresorbable.
- the screw or pin or attachment mechanism can be inserted and advanced towards the articular surface repair system from a non-cartilage covered portion of the bone or from a non- weight-bearing surface of the joint.
- the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage can be at an angle, for example oriented at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the underlying subchondral bone. Suitable angles can be determined in view of the teachings herein, and in certain cases, non-90 degree angles may have advantages with regard to load distribution along the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage.
- the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage may be covered with a pharmaceutical or bioactive agent, for example a material that stimulates the biological integration of the repair system into the normal cartilage.
- the surface area of the interface can be irregular, for example, to increase exposure of the interface to pharmaceutical or bioactive agents.
- the replacement material can be shaped by any suitable technique including, but not limited to, mechanical abrasion, laser abrasion or ablation, radiofrequency treatment, cryoablation, variations in exposure time and concentration of nutrients, enzymes or growth factors and any other means suitable for influencing or changing cartilage thickness. See, e.g., WO 00/15153; If enzymatic digestion is used, certain sections of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can be exposed to higher doses of the enzyme or can be exposed longer as a means of achieving different thicknesses and curvatures of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material in different sections of said material.
- the material can be shaped manually and/or automatically, for example using a device into which a pre-selected thickness and/or curvature has been inputted and programming the device to achieve the desired shape.
- the site of implantation ⁇ e.g., bone surface, any cartilage material remaining, etc.
- the site of implantation can also be shaped by any suitable technique in order to enhanced integration of the repair material.
- repair systems of various sizes, curvatures and thicknesses can be obtained. These repair systems can be catalogued and stored to create a library of systems from which an appropriate system can then be selected. In other words, a defect is assessed in a particular subject and a pre-existing repair system having the closest shape and size is selected from the library for further manipulation (e.g., shaping) and implantation.
- the methods and compositions described herein can be used to replace only a portion of the articular surface, for example, an area of diseased cartilage or lost cartilage on the articular surface.
- the articular surface repair system may be designed to replace only the area of diseased or lost cartilage or it can extend beyond the area of diseased or lost cartilage, e.g., 3 or 5 mm into normal adjacent cartilage.
- each component replaces less than all of the corresponding articular surface. However, each component need not replace the same portion of the articular surface.
- the prosthesis may have a bone-implanted component that replaces less than 30% of the bone and a cartilage component that replaces 60% of the cartilage.
- the prosthesis may include any combination, so long as each component replaces less than the entire articular surface.
- the articular surface repair system may be formed or selected so that it will achieve a near anatomic fit or match with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage.
- the articular surface repair system is formed and/or selected so that its outer margin located at the external surface will be aligned with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage.
- the articular surface repair system can be designed to replace only the weight-bearing portion of an articular surface, for example in a femoral condyle.
- the weight-bearing surface refers to the contact area between two opposing articular surfaces during activities of normal daily living. At least one or more weight-bearing portions can be replaced in this manner, e.g., on a femoral condyle and on a tibia.
- an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss can be identified in a weight-bearing area and only a portion of said weight-bearing area, specifically the portion containing said diseased cartilage or area of cartilage loss, can be replaced with an articular surface repair system.
- the implant and/or the implant site can be sculpted to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site.
- an electronic image is used to measure the thickness, curvature, or shape of the articular cartilage or the subchondral bone, and/or the size of a defect, and an articular surface repair system is selected using this information.
- the articular surface repair system can be inserted arthroscopically.
- the articular surface repair system can have a single radius. More typically, however, the articular surface repair system 1100 can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g.
- the articular surface repair system can be shaped to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site. This design allows not even for different degrees of convexity or concavity, but also for concave portions within a predominantly convex shape or vice versa 1100.
- the superficial component can be designed so that its thickness and curvature will closely match that of the surrounding cartilage 1115.
- the superficial component can have more than one thickness in different portions of the articular repair system.
- the superficial component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes.
- the deep component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes.
- the curvature of the deep component will be designed to follow that of the subchondral bone.
- the articular surface repair system has a fixturing stem, for example, as described in the Background of US Patent No. 6,224,632.
- the fixturing stem can have different shapes including conical, rectangular, fin among others.
- the mating bone cavity is typically similarly shaped as the corresponding stem.
- the articular surface repair system can be attached to the underlying bone or bone marrow using bone cement.
- Bone cement is typically made from an acrylic polymeric material.
- the bone cement is comprised of two components: a dry power component and a liquid component, which are subsequently mixed together.
- the dry component generally includes an acrylic polymer, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- the dry component can also contain a polymerization initiator such as benzoylperoxide, which initiates the free- radical polymerization process that occurs when the bone cement is formed.
- the liquid component on the other hand, generally contains a liquid monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).
- the liquid component can also contain an accelerator such as an amine (e.g., N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine).
- a stabilizer such as hydroquinone, can also be added to the liquid component to prevent premature polymerization of the liquid monomer.
- the liquid component is mixed with the dry component, the dry component begins to dissolve or swell in the liquid monomer.
- the amine accelerator reacts with the initiator to form free radicals that begin to link monomer units to form polymer chains, h the next two to four minutes, the polymerization process proceeds changing the viscosity of the mixture from a syrup-like consistency (low viscosity) into a dough-like consistency (high viscosity).
- further polymerization and curing occur, causing the cement to harden and affix a prosthesis to a bone.
- bone cement 955 or another liquid attachment material such as injectable calciumhydroxyapatite can be injected into the marrow cavity through one or more openings 950 in the prosthesis.
- These openings in the prosthesis can extend from the articular surface to the undersurface of the prosthesis 960. After injection, the openings can be closed with a polymer, silicon, metal, metal alloy or bioresorbable plug.
- one or more components of the articular surface repair can be injected into the marrow cavity through one or more openings 950 in the prosthesis.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,638 discloses a surgical prosthetic device, which may be used as a bone prosthesis, comprising a composite structure consisting of a solid metallic material substrate and a porous coating of the same solid metallic material adhered to and extending over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
- the porous coating consists of a plurality of small discrete particles of metallic material bonded together at their points of contact with each other to define a plurality of connected interstitial pores in the coating.
- the size and spacing of the particles which can be distributed in a plurality of monolayers, can be such that the average interstitial pore size is not more than about 200 microns.
- the pore size distribution can be substantially uniform from the substrate-coating interface to the surface of the coating.
- the articular surface repair system can contain one or more polymeric materials that can be loaded with and release therapeutic agents including drugs or other pharmacological treatments that can be used for drug delivery.
- the polymeric materials can, for example, be placed inside areas of porous coating.
- the polymeric materials can be used to release therapeutic drugs, e.g. bone or cartilage growth stimulating drugs.
- therapeutic drugs e.g. bone or cartilage growth stimulating drugs.
- This embodiment can be combined with other embodiments, wherein portions of the articular surface repair system can be bioresorbable.
- the superficial layer of an articular surface repair system or portions of its superficial layer can be bioresorbable. As the superficial layer gets increasingly resorbed, local release of a cartilage growth- stimulating drug can facilitate ingrowth of cartilage cells and matrix formation.
- the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can then be implanted into the area of the defect. Implantation can be performed with the cartilage replacement or regenerating material still attached to the base material or removed from the base material. Any suitable methods and devices may be used for implantation, for example, devices as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,375,658; 6,358,253; 6,328,765; and International Publication WO 01/19254.
- the implantation site can be prepared with a single cut across the articular surface (Fig. 10). In this case, single 1010 and multi- component 1020 prostheses can be utilized.
- implantation can be facilitated by using a device applied to the outer surface of the articular cartilage in order to match the alignment of the donor tissue and the recipient site.
- the device can be round, circular, oval, ellipsoid, curved or irregular in shape.
- the shape is typically selected or adjusted to match or enclose an area of diseased cartilage or an area slightly larger than the area of diseased cartilage.
- the inner aspect of the circle, oval, ellipse, curved or irregular shape can be open or hollow.
- a rounded or curved joint surface such as a femoral condyle, a femoral head or a humeral head can protrude through the opening or the hollow portion.
- the device can include a slit through which a blade can be introduced.
- the device can include a blade holding mechanism or the blade can be integrated in the device.
- a variety of materials can be employed, for example plastic ⁇ e.g., disposable, re-usable and/or sterilizable) devices.
- translucent materials may be used, for example in order to achieve an improved match between the donor tissue and the recipient site.
- the device can be molded, machined or formed based on the size of the area of diseased cartilage and based on the curvature of the cartilage or the underlying subchondral bone or a combination of both.
- the device can then be applied to the donor, ⁇ e.g., a cadaveric specimen) and the donor tissue can be obtained with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device.
- the device can then be applied to the recipient in the area of the diseased cartilage and the diseased cartilage and underlying bone can be removed with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device whereby the size and shape of the removed tissue containing the diseased cartilage will closely resemble the size and shape of the donor tissue.
- the donor tissue can then be attached to the recipient site.
- the implant site can be prepared with use of a robotic device.
- the robotic device can use information from an electronic image for preparing the recipient site.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT02737254T ATE504264T1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR REPAIRING THE SURFACE OF JOINTS |
JP2002592788A JP2005504563A (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | Methods and compositions for resurfacing joints |
AU2002310193A AU2002310193B8 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing |
EP02737254A EP1389980B1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing |
CA002447694A CA2447694A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing |
DE60239674T DE60239674D1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-28 | METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR REPAIRING THE SURFACE OF JOINTS |
HK04101618.6A HK1059882A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2004-03-04 | Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29348801P | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | |
US60/293,488 | 2001-05-25 | ||
US36352702P | 2002-03-12 | 2002-03-12 | |
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AU2002310193B8 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US20140005792A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
CA2447694A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
US20090306676A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
HK1059882A1 (en) | 2004-07-23 |
WO2002096268A3 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
CN100502808C (en) | 2009-06-24 |
EP1389980A2 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US20100303313A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
EP1389980B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
AU2002310193B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
EP1389980A4 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
US20090312805A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
US9055953B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
WO2002096268A9 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US20140303629A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CN1630495A (en) | 2005-06-22 |
DE60239674D1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
JP2005504563A (en) | 2005-02-17 |
US20130103363A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
US8337507B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
US8768028B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
US20100303324A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
ATE504264T1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
US20130110471A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
US20030055502A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
US8343218B2 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
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