WO2003019106A1 - Sensor for determining surface parameters of a test object - Google Patents
Sensor for determining surface parameters of a test object Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003019106A1 WO2003019106A1 PCT/AT2002/000243 AT0200243W WO03019106A1 WO 2003019106 A1 WO2003019106 A1 WO 2003019106A1 AT 0200243 W AT0200243 W AT 0200243W WO 03019106 A1 WO03019106 A1 WO 03019106A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- sub
- electrodes
- measuring
- measurement object
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/34—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B7/287—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor for determining surface parameters of a measurement object, e.g. of a workpiece, with a sensor element having at least one sensor measuring surface, which can be positioned with its sensor measuring surface on or at a distance from the surface of the measurement object.
- the surface profile is scanned by a touch probe with a diamond needle (single-skid touch probe, pendulum touch probe, reference surface touch probe), via which an excessive profile cut is recorded with the help of electronic aids.
- the vertical resolution of these systems is of the order of magnitude of approx. 0.01 ⁇ m, the horizontal resolution is limited by the tip radius of the diamond needle (e.g. 5 ⁇ m) and the cone angle (e.g. 60 °).
- Sintered surfaces in particular, cannot be reliably assessed with this method, since the pores in the surfaces of sintered parts cannot be completely detected. For this reason, the measured roughness values for sintered surfaces cannot be used, but this method also causes an excessive expenditure of time and costs for an application in a manufacturing process.
- the roughness depths of reflecting surfaces that are not too rough can be measured with the interference microscope, with which an elevation line image formed by interference with level lines at a distance of ⁇ / 2 of the light wavelength is generated.
- the measurable surface roughness differences are approx. 0.01 ⁇ m.
- Another known optical method is laser scanning, in which the surface to be measured is scanned by means of a focused laser beam and an image of the surface is created on the basis of the intensity of the reflected light.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a sensor of the type mentioned at the outset, which enables a measurement of surface parameters with relatively little technical effort, the duration of the measuring process and the costs involved being short, so that an online assessment of the surface quality of workpieces is possible is feasible.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a sensor with which the reliable and reproducible determination of surface parameters can be achieved in a relatively short time, even with a very irregular surface condition.
- the senor prefferably be specified to determine integral surface characteristics over a specific area of the measurement object.
- Another task is to specify a sensor that is as robust as possible and less susceptible to faults. This is achieved according to the invention in that the sensor measuring surface is composed of a large number of sub-sensor elements with separate measured value outputs or with separate measured value converters.
- the subdivision of the sensor measuring area enables both an integral and a local measurement value determination relating to a narrowly limited area, as well as a rapid one Averaging of measured values can be carried out. On the one hand, this enables the reduction of interference and, on the other hand, a coordination of sensor measured values and
- the sensor measuring surface composed of sub-sensor elements in one
- Arranged sensor head which is formed from a hollow body open on one side, and that the sensor measuring surface composed of the sub-sensor elements on the open
- the sensor head can be moved by means of a gimbal which is freely movable in all directions over a certain path or angular path
- the sensor head - in its non-applied position - with its open side protrudes from the open side of the sensor housing.
- the reproducibility of the measurement results can thereby be improved.
- Another variant of the invention can consist in that at least one of the sub-
- Sensor elements preferably via a clamping device, is detachably connected to the sensor measuring surface. In this way, the sub-electrodes can be easily replaced.
- Clamping device can be provided for any type of sub-sensor elements.
- a further embodiment of the invention can consist in that the sensor measuring surface is formed by a measuring electrode composed of a plurality of sub-electrodes, which are electrically insulated from one another and each have an electrical connection as a measured value output, via which they are connected to a Evaluation device are connected.
- the entire sensor measuring area is divided into very small sub-areas and it is therefore possible to determine capacitance measured values from a correspondingly high number of measured value points distributed over the sensor measuring area, from which surface characteristic values are calculated very precisely can.
- the sub-electrodes can be formed from metal electrodes arranged in one plane.
- a further development of the invention can consist in the fact that the sub-electrodes are formed from metal electrodes adapted to the nominal surface geometry of the measurement object.
- Another embodiment of the invention can consist in that a layer formed from a dielectric is applied to the subelectrodes. This layer prevents the sub-electrodes from unintentionally coming into direct contact with the surface of the measurement object.
- the shape and arrangement of the sub-electrodes can be chosen in any way, a construction which can be produced with little technical effort can be achieved if, in a further development of the invention, the sub-electrodes are formed from triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal or octagonal surfaces, which are equally spaced from each other.
- a distribution of the sub-electrodes that can be evaluated in a simple manner is obtained if, in a further development of the invention, the sub-electrodes are arranged square and in the form of a matrix.
- the measurement electrode composed of sub-electrodes can be arranged in a sensor head together with the evaluation device.
- the sub-sensor elements can be manufactured using microsystems technology.
- the high degree of miniaturization that can be achieved with this type of production allows the sensor measuring area to be subdivided into many small sub-sensors with separate measured value outputs or measured value converters.
- the invention relates to a method for determining surface parameters of a measurement object, e.g. a workpiece using a sensor according to the invention.
- the sensor element with its measuring electrode composed of the sub-electrodes is positioned on or at a distance from the surface of the measurement object, the capacitances in each case between the sub-electrodes and the opposite area of the measurement object and their mean value and the integral value of the capacitance over all Sub-electrodes are determined and the 3D smoothing depth is calculated taking the measured values into account.
- the value of the 3D smoothing depth specified in this way is not derived from values obtained selectively by successive individual measurements, but by inherent averaging over a sensor surface or averaging the individual measured values of the sub-sensors, which enables a much faster and less complex assessment of the surface quality.
- the minimum value and the maximum value are determined from the capacitance values determined between the sub-electrodes and the surface of the measurement object.
- the integral value for the capacitance between the measuring electrode and the surface of the object to be obtained during the actual measuring process can be related to the minimum and maximum values of the sub-electrode capacitances.
- the measured capacitance values can thus be correlated with the height coordinates of the measurement object surface.
- Fig.l shows an enlarged plan view of a portion of an embodiment of a sensor measuring surface of the sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement for measuring the capacitance between a sub-electrode and the object surface or between two sub-electrodes
- Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a sensor according to the invention positioned at a distance from the surface of the measurement object
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic side view of a sensor according to the invention positioned at a distance from the surface of the measurement object.
- Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through a sensor for determining surface parameters of a measurement object, e.g. of a workpiece, via which the surface quality of such a measurement object can be determined.
- a capacitive measurement method is used, but the invention is not restricted to this type of measurement value acquisition.
- the principle of the invention is first described using the capacitive surface sensor shown in FIG.
- a sensor element having a sensor measuring surface 4 is provided, which can be positioned with its sensor measuring surface 4 on or at a distance from the surface of the measurement object.
- the sensor measuring surface 4 is approximately 1 - 2 mm (up to 20 mm) for the assessment of common workpiece surfaces.
- An important factor in the assessment of the surface quality is the roughness, which until now could only be reliably determined with very complicated and complex equipment.
- the aforementioned problems are solved in that the sensor measuring surface 4 is composed of a large number of sub-sensor elements 6. Depending on the type of measurement method, the sensor is subdivided into several, for example 100 to 1000, preferably 400 subunits, from which independent measurement values can be obtained.
- the sensor measuring surface 4 is formed by a measuring electrode composed of a plurality of sub-electrodes 6, which are electrically insulated from one another and which each have an electrical connection as a measured value output which they are connected to an evaluation device 3 (Fig.2).
- the measurement signal of the electrodes 6 can be tapped separately from one another or in groups at the same time via these electrical connections, which makes it possible to determine individual measurement values, in particular minimum and maximum values or integral measurement values.
- this subdivision into a plurality of sub-electrodes is preferably carried out with the aid of microsystem technology methods based on a miniaturized sensor surface with suitable sub-subdivisions.
- the physical effect used here does not have to be limited to the electrical field between a measuring electrode and the surface of the measuring object, but can also be other suitable quantities, for example magnetic, optical, piezo-electric or pneumatic quantities, which are produced by means of a large number of sub Sensor elements can be detected.
- Fig.l shows a part of a measuring electrode in which the sub-electrodes 6 are formed from square metal electrodes arranged in one plane, which are arranged in the form of a matrix.
- the individual electrical connections are not shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity, but can, for example, be etched from a suitable substrate together with the sub-electrodes using a microtechnical method.
- the sub-electrodes 6 each form a partial electrode of a capacitor (FIG. 4), the other part of which is formed by a partial area of the surface of the measuring object 7, as a dielectric either an air gap existing due to the distance between the sub-electrodes 6 and the surface of the measurement object acts, or a layer of an insulating solid or a corresponding dielectric liquid which has been introduced between the surface of the measurement object and the sub-electrodes 6.
- sub-electrodes 6 and their mutual spacing or their arrangement are likewise not subject to any restrictions within the scope of the invention.
- sub-electrodes formed from triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal or octagonal surfaces which are equally spaced from one another are the most suitable forms of implementation in practice.
- the measurement object 7 can be connected to ground by a conductive connection or contact with the evaluation device 3, or as indicated in FIG.
- the capacitance between two sub-electrodes 6 can also be used as the measured value, as shown in FIG.
- the field between the two sub-electrodes 6 is influenced by the surface of the measurement object 7 in accordance with their nature.
- active and passive sub-sensor elements can alternately be provided in an optical or pneumatic sensor measuring surface 4, the passive sub-sensor elements, for example phototransistors, micro-pressure sensors, each of which Convert the returned or reflected signal from the measuring object surface of the neighboring active sub-sensor elements, eg photodiodes, micro pressure transducers into a measuring signal.
- the sensor according to the invention can also be adapted to the contour of the surface of the measurement object. In the simplest case this is possible by using different electrode shapes, but there is also the possibility of designing the sensor electrode in such a way that it can be adapted to the measurement object, for example its nominal surface geometry, for example that of a cylinder.
- the measuring electrode 4 composed of sub-electrodes 6 is arranged together with the evaluation device 3 in a sensor head 2, which is formed from a hollow body open on one side.
- line capacitances such as exist in connection lines between the evaluation device 3 and the sub-electrodes 6 also have a clearly measurable interference effect on the measurement result. Due to the spatial proximity between the evaluation device 3 and the measuring electrode 4, however, the parasitic capacitances can be kept low, whereby the quality of the measuring signal is significantly improved.
- the measuring electrode 4 composed of the sub-electrodes 6 is attached to the open side of the hollow body so that it can be positioned with the sensor head 2 on the surface of the measuring object 7 or at a distance from it.
- the sensor head 2 is by means of a cardanic suspension 5 or which can move freely in all directions over a certain path or angular path a mechanical equivalent compared to a sensor housing 1 open on one side, the sensor head 2 with its open side protruding from the open side of the sensor housing 1.
- the cardanic suspension thus causes the sensor according to the invention to always rest on the same section of the measurement object 7 in a defined and reproducible manner, because the sensor head 2 comes to rest on the locally highest points of the measurement object surface due to its mobility relative to the sensor housing 1. Tilting of the sensor measuring surface is therefore excluded.
- the capacity is always measured in relation to these locally highest elevations.
- the described arrangement of the sensor measuring surface 7 within the sensor head 2 and the gimbal with respect to the sensor housing 1 can be used for any sensor principle. Instead of a sensor measuring surface 7 composed of sub-electrodes 6, corresponding optical, pneumatic, piezo-electric sub-sensors or the like can occur.
- the measurement of the capacitances formed during the measurement process between the sub-electrodes 6 and the surface of the measurement object is done for technical reasons with the help of an alternating electrical field, the capacitance to be determined in each case influencing the frequency of an oscillator, for example with a frequency of 30 MHz oscillates.
- the capacitance present between the respective sub-electrode 6 and the surface of the measurement object can be calculated from the measured oscillator frequency.
- a suitable measuring arrangement is shown in FIG. 3.
- the oscillator formed from a Schmitt trigger 13 and the resistors 11, 12 and the capacitor 14 outputs a rectangular output voltage U a , the frequency of which varies as a function of a capacitance 10 (C measurement ) connected in parallel at the oscillator input 15, which Capacitance to be measured, for example between the sub-electrode 6 and the surface of the measurement object.
- the capacity can also be determined in another form.
- the frequency of the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 3 is thus a measure of the capacitance between the respective sub-electrode 6 and the surface of the measurement object 7 and thus a measure of the roughness of the workpiece surface.
- the sub-electrodes 6 arranged in the form of a matrix can be connected to the oscillator input 15 independently of one another during the measurement. As soon as the sensor measuring surface 4 has been positioned relative to the surface of the measuring object, all sub-electrodes 6 can be connected in succession to the oscillator input 15 and the minimum and maximum capacitance values can be determined in the surface area covered by the measuring surface 4 co-correlate with the maximum and minimum height coordinates in the surface area. In the actual measuring process, preferably all sub-electrodes 6 are connected together to the oscillator input 15 and an integral capacitance value valid for the entire sensor measuring surface 4 is determined.
- this measured value is set in relation to the minimum and maximum capacitance measured values determined in the previous calibration process, a reference value is obtained which is related to the sensor measuring surface 4.
- the measured capacitance values can be coordinated with the height coordinates.
- this measurement process brings about a significant reduction in the influence of the parasitic capacitances occurring during the measurement.
- the sensor measuring surface 4 divided into sub-electrodes 6 can be used both for determining a calibration value for sensor positioning and for calculating a correction value for the direct measurement of 3D surface parameters, for example the 3-D smoothing depth S p , the average 3D roughness S a and the 3D roughness depth St can be used.
- the evaluation of the measurement signal for determining the 3-D smoothing depth S p of a measurement object is described below.
- This measured variable can be correlated on the basis of the method according to the invention with a standardized characteristic value, as can be determined with measuring devices that have been used up to now.
- C ges capacitance measurement over the entire sensor measuring surface 4
- Equivalent electrode distances can be determined from these measured values using the following formula:
- the equivalent plate spacing For the calculation of the equivalent plate spacing for the sub-electrode measurements, the area of a sub-electrode 6 is to be used for A sensor , otherwise the entire electrode area.
- the equivalent plate spacing thus corresponds to the electrode spacing of an equivalent plate capacitor with ideally smooth electrode surfaces.
- the corresponding equivalent plate spacing d tot , d sub; aV g, d su , ⁇ and d su b, max can be determined from the measured values.
- this unevenness is ultimately described by the smoothing depth, which is why the value corrected by the factor l / fc j leads d SUb , aV g 2 for an improved assessment of the smoothing depth , the maximum relative error is in the range of approx. 2%.
- the 3D smoothing depth thus results from the capacitance measured values and the known sensor dimensions
- the concept of the invention is not limited to measurement by means of a certain physical quantity and can therefore be implemented in various ways.
- the roughness can also be determined by illuminating a surface area limited to a few mm 2 and evaluating the surface area reflected
- Depressions appear as light intensity or light color signals.
- the sensor measuring surface is subdivided by a multi-segment micromirror, which is illuminated by a laser light beam and points the light onto the spot
- the light reflected from an illuminated surface can be transmitted via a
- Imaging optics go directly to an opto-electric diode array and are evaluated in a punctiform manner.
- laser light can also be emitted from one of many individual segments, e.g. Opto-electronic light valve matrix formed in the form of a light point matrix on the photodiodes
- the surface of the object to be measured is blasted and the reflected light is detected in a spatially separate manner and converted into electronic measurement signals.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1387/2001 | 2001-08-31 | ||
AT13872001A AT412915B (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2001-08-31 | SENSOR FOR DETERMINING SURFACE PARAMETERS OF A MEASURING OBJECT |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003019106A1 true WO2003019106A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
Family
ID=3688178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT2002/000243 WO2003019106A1 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2002-08-14 | Sensor for determining surface parameters of a test object |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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AT (1) | AT412915B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003019106A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4766389A (en) * | 1986-09-03 | 1988-08-23 | Extrude Hone Corporation | Capacitor array sensors tactile and proximity sensing and methods of use thereof |
GB2312514A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-10-29 | Sensatech Ltd | Capacitive proximity or profile detector |
US5841078A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1998-11-24 | Synaptics, Inc. | Object position detector |
JP2000338025A (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-08 | Canon Inc | Data detector equipped with a plurality of probes and data-detecting method by a plurality of probes |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE900278C (en) * | 1938-02-26 | 1953-12-21 | Johannes Perthen Dr Ing | Device for testing and measuring surfaces |
US4908574A (en) * | 1986-09-03 | 1990-03-13 | Extrude Hone Corporation | Capacitor array sensors for determining conformity to surface shape |
DE4035075A1 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-07 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | ARRANGEMENT FOR MEASURING LINEAR DIMENSIONS ON A STRUCTURED SURFACE OF A MEASURED OBJECT |
FR2692831B1 (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1996-10-25 | Hurel Dubois Avions | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HOLDING AN ASSEMBLY OF TOOLS IN A CONSTANT RELATIVE POSITION WITH RESPECT TO A NON-PLANAR SURFACE, PARTICULARLY FOR A CONTACTLESS CONTROL. |
EP1108977A1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-20 | Infineon Technologies AG | Sensor for the determination of the roughness of a surface |
-
2001
- 2001-08-31 AT AT13872001A patent/AT412915B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-08-14 WO PCT/AT2002/000243 patent/WO2003019106A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4766389A (en) * | 1986-09-03 | 1988-08-23 | Extrude Hone Corporation | Capacitor array sensors tactile and proximity sensing and methods of use thereof |
US5841078A (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1998-11-24 | Synaptics, Inc. | Object position detector |
GB2312514A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-10-29 | Sensatech Ltd | Capacitive proximity or profile detector |
JP2000338025A (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-08 | Canon Inc | Data detector equipped with a plurality of probes and data-detecting method by a plurality of probes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 15 6 April 2001 (2001-04-06) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA13872001A (en) | 2005-01-15 |
AT412915B (en) | 2005-08-25 |
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