A DATA STREAM PROTECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system and method for providing data stream protection useful in telecommunications systems. A Broadband Wireless Access ("BWA") network in a given service area may consist of one or more cells. Within a cell, several sectors can be deployed using sectored antennas at a base station to increase the overall number of subscribers. A point of presence ("POP") for service providers in the BWA network can be located distantly from the base station, e.g. at a central office or a head end, or co-located with the base station. Interconnection between the head end and the base station can be done via numerous methods such as using fiber-optic cable or via high capacity microwave radio in linear, ring, or star configurations.
In a BWA system, high speed data is connected to the base station to be distributed to all the remote stations, e.g. subscribers, such as via a network interface unit which can provide access to the high speed data. Incoming data can use various physical interfaces, such as OC-3, STM-1, DS3, E3, 10/100 Base-T, 1000 Gigabit Ethernet, and others. The data is then distributed to individual circuits that process the data belonging to the remote stations associated with the particular sectors. These circuits may contain processors, media access control circuits, modems, and the like. Each of these circuits is connected to a transceiver which contains all the radio frequency ("RF") circuits. In turn, the transceiver is connected to a sector antenna that will serve remote stations within each covered area. The transceiver is preferably installed outdoor very close to the antenna to minimize loss through antenna feeder cable. As a general rule in data networks, communications pathways such as transceivers and modems are paired, with one modem being accessed by one specific transceiver at a time. Each such pair typically services a single sector.
The base station usually contains also one or more controller circuits that direct the data to appropriate locations. These controller circuits also monitor the status of the BWA system and generate or recognize an alarm when it occurs. Where equipment is redundantly protected, controller circuits may also make a decision to switch the data from a faulty piece of equipment to a standby one.
As also occurs from time to time, one or both components of transceiver/modem pairs will go into an alarm state, e.g. a failure or other degradation state that may impact on the ability of that pair to adequately and accurately provide data to and from the sector. In many cases, the BWA operators have to guarantee very high availability to the subscribers. Thus, there is a need to provide redundancy protection against hardware failure. This protection needs to be automatically triggered to minimize the down time.
The simplest way for redundant protection is to double every hardware component. However this is very costly, increases power consumption, and requires additional space to accommodate the additional circuits. Hence, there is a need for a scheme that provides very high availability with fewer circuits, such as providing one- for-one protection for certain circuits and one-for-many protection for other circuits.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic overview a set of paired data transmission devices and a standby device with a switching unit; Fig. 2 is a further a schematic overview a set of paired data transmission devices and a standby device with a switching unit;
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of an alternative method of the present invention; and
Fig. 5 is a schematic of an exemplary redundant embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to Fig. 1, system 10 provides protected access from a communication device such as a transceiver, generally referred to by "20" and more specifically by 20a-20f, to network 100 (Fig. 2) through a network adapter, generally referred to as "40" and more specifically by 40a-40f. System 10 comprises one or more main transceivers 20, one or more main network adapters 40, standby network adapter 42, switching unit 50, and a switching unit controller 60 (Fig. 2). System 10 further comprises one or more standby transceivers, generally referred to by "30" and more specifically by 30a-30f. In a preferred embodiment, main transceivers 20, standby transceivers 30, and network adapters 40 are a plurality of a predetermined number, referred to herein as "N," of main transceivers 20, N standby transceivers 30, and N network adapters 40. In a further preferred embodiment, N is six.
Each of main transceivers 20 is uniquely paired with and in communication with a predetermined network adapter 40, such as with coax or fiber optic cable. Additionally, each of main transceivers 20 is uniquely paired with a predetermined standby transceiver 30, e.g. main transceiver 20a is uniquely paired with standby transceiver 30a.
Each main network adapter 40 is operatively in communication with a unique predetermined main transceiver 20, e.g. main network adapter 40a is uniquely in communication with main transceiver 20a. Network adapter 40 may be a media access controller, a modem, a router, a bridge, or the like. Switching unit 50 comprises one or more data ports 52, which in a preferred embodiment are bi-directional data ports, for each standby transceiver 30. Each data port 52 is operatively in communication with no more than one unique standby transceiver 30 of the N standby transceivers 30, e.g. data port 52a is operatively in communication only with standby transceiver 30a. Accordingly, each of the standby transceivers 30 is operatively in communication with switching unit 50
via a predetermined, unique data port 52. For example, standby transceiver 30a is associated with data port 52a, standby transceiver 30b is associated with data port 52b, and so on.
Switching unit 50 further comprises network adapter data port 54, operatively in communication with standby network adapter 42. In a preferred embodiment, network adapter data port 54 is bi-directional.
Additionally, controllable link 56 exists in switching unit 50 to allow a connection between a single predetermined data port 52 and network adapter port 54 at any point in time. In a preferred embodiment, standby transceivers 30 not connected to standby network adapter 42 are terminated with a load impedance appropriate for their respective load in any of well known terminations, e.g. hi-Z terminators, lo-Z terminators, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, termination will be appropriate to reduce if not eliminate reflections in the line, such as with a 50 ohm resistor for RG-59 cable. In a preferred embodiment, a predetermined number of N main transceivers 20, N standby transceivers 30, and N network adapters 40 as well as standby network adapter 42 are hot swapable.
Referring now to Fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment, switching unit controller 60 comprises a CPU and is operatively in communication with switching unit 50 and network adapters 40,42 such as via one or more data and/or control buses 70, e.g. bus 71, bus 72, and bus 73. Switching unit controller 60 is also operatively in communication with main transceivers 20 and standby transceivers 30 such as via coaxial cables. Switching unit controller 60 may comprise a plurality of CPUs operatively in communication over a single bus 70 or a plurality of CPUs operatively in communication over a plurality of buses 70.
Bus 70 may be a PCI bus, an H.l 10 bus, or the like. As described more folly below, each transceiver 20,30 and network adapter 40,42 is capable of determining a fault condition affecting that transceiver 20,30 or network adapter 40,42 and report the fault condition as an alarm to switching unit controller 60. Once switching unit controller 60 detects an alarm condition in
main transceiver 20 or main network adapter 40, switching unit controller 60 may direct a paired standby transceiver 30 to be routed to standby network adapter 42 through switching unit 50 in response to the detected alarm condition, e.g. if either main transceiver 20a or main network adapter 40a fail, standby transceiver 30a may be routed to standby network adapter 42 to accomplish and protect a data stream associated with the main transceiver 20a/main network adapter 40a pair. Additionally, switching unit controller 60 will cause data routing on bus 70 which was intended for the failed pair 20a,40a to be routed through standby transceiver 30a and standby network adapter 42. In certain embodiments, a plurality of switching unit controllers 60 are present and can detect an alarm condition in another switching unit controller 60. As used herein, alarm conditions comprise hard and software failures including out of bounds operations.
In the operation of an exemplary embodiment, referring to Fig. 3 an Fig. 4, data stream transmissions are protected by operatively connecting each main transceiver 20 to a predetermined network adapter 40 and operatively connecting each standby transceiver 30 to a predetermined data port 52 on switching unit 50. Data port 54 is operatively connected to standby network adapter 42. These connections may be accomplished by buses in the same shelf (not shown in the figures), wires such as coax, by fiber optics, or any other equivalent data communications pathway.
Main transceivers 20, standby transceivers 30, network adapters 40,42, and switching unit 50 are logically interconnected. During operation, switching unit controller 60 monitors main transceivers 20, standby transceivers 30, network adapters 40,42, and switching unit 50, detecting alarms generated by main network adapters 40 and/or main transceivers 20. If an alarm condition is detected, switching unit controller 60 enables a unique routing in switching unit 50 to operatively route standby network adapter 42 to a unique standby transceiver 30 associated with the alarm main transceiver 20, such as via communications link 56.
For example, if main network adapter 40a generates an alarm, switching unit controller 60 causes switching unit 50 to route standby network adapter
42 through controllable link 56 to standby transceiver 30a. Switching unit controller 60 enables a similar routing in bus 70. In this manner, data traffic is rerouted from main network transceiver/ network adapter pair 20a,40a through standby transceiver 30a and standby network adapter 42. In certain embodiments, routing is accomplished μsing a predetermined priority designator associated with main network adapters 20. For example, main network adapter 20b may have a higher priority than main network adapter 20a. If both network adapter 20a and main network adapter 20b go into alarm, Switching unit controller 60 will enable routing to network adapter 20b. The priority designator may be programmable.
In the absence of an alarm condition, standby network adapter 42 is connected to a predetermined standby transceiver 30 such as one with a highest priority designator or a predetermined default standby transceiver 30.
Referring now to Fig. 5, in certain embodiments, a plurality of switching units 50 and switching unit controllers 60 may be present. Data stream transmission may be protected by initiating the plurality of switching unit controllers 60 and associating a predetermined set of main network adapters 40 with each of the plurality of switching unit controllers 60. For example, switching unit controller 60a may be associated with all of main transceivers 20 and their paired main network adapters 40, in which case switching unit controller 60b is associated with no main transceiver 20 or paired main network adapter 40. Alternatively, switching unit controller 60a may be associated with a subset, e.g. main transceivers 20a, 20b, and 20c and their paired main network adapters 40a, 40b, and 40c, while the remainder of main transceivers 20 and their paired main network adapters 40 are associated with switching unit controller 60b.
As before, each switching unit controller 60a,60b monitors and detects an alarm condition in their associated main transceivers 20 and main network adapters 40. Upon an alarm condition, each switching unit controller 60a,60b enables a unique routing in their associated switching unit 50a,50b to operatively route standby
network adapter 42,43 to a unique standby transceiver 30 associated with alarmed main transceiver 20/main network adapter 40 pair.
Additionally, each switching unit controller 60a,60b can monitor the other switching unit controller 60a,60b and detect an alarm in the other switching unit controller 60a,60b. Upon detection of an alarm, the non-alarmed switching unit controller 60a,60b can reallocate the alarmed switching unit controller 60a,60b associated main transceiver 20/main network adapter 40 pairs to be associated with the non-alarmed switching unit controller 60a,60b.
In a preferred embodiment, each switching unit controller 60a,60b also monitors standby network adapter 42 and standby transceivers 30 and does not direct switching unit 50 and/or bus 70 to switch to standby network adapter 42 if either standby network adapter 42 or the required standby transceiver 30 is in alarm.
In certain other embodiments, a plurality of switching unit controllers
60a,60b can interface with and control a single switching unit 50. It will be understood that various changes in the details, materials, and arrangements of the parts which have been described and illustrated above in order to explain the nature of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and scope of the invention as recited in the following claims.