WO2004008377A1 - Transponder antenna, transponder antennae system, and transponder system and receiver - Google Patents
Transponder antenna, transponder antennae system, and transponder system and receiver Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004008377A1 WO2004008377A1 PCT/EP2003/007503 EP0307503W WO2004008377A1 WO 2004008377 A1 WO2004008377 A1 WO 2004008377A1 EP 0307503 W EP0307503 W EP 0307503W WO 2004008377 A1 WO2004008377 A1 WO 2004008377A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
- G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
- G06K7/10356—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
Definitions
- Transponder antenna Transponder antenna, transponder antenna system, transponder system and receiver
- the invention relates to a transponder antenna, a transponder antenna system, a transponder system and a receiver according to the preambles of the independent claims.
- Transponder systems have a transponder on the one hand and a transponder antenna system on the other. With the transponder antenna system, the passage of the transponder in a specific spatial area defined and monitored by the transponder antenna system can be qualitatively recognized and also in an individual one Transponders can be assigned.
- Application examples for transponder systems are the time measurement of runners, for example at city marathons (at the start, at the finish and for example at 10, 20, 30 and 40 km), the monitoring of books from the library of a law school to prevent theft, file tracking in large buildings and similar.
- Transponder systems have small or flat transponders, preferably without their own power supply, which are physically connected to the individual to be monitored (runner, book, file), and stationary transponder antennas or transponder antenna systems that operate in certain room areas (gates, entrances, start , Target, ...) are attached in order to recognize the passage of the individual to be tracked (to which the respective transponder is physically connected).
- IG shows schematically a known transponder 10.
- the back of a start number of a long-distance run is shown.
- a runner attaches the start number to his shirt for his individualization and thereby automatically takes the transponder 10 on the back of the start number.
- the transponder 10 has an induction winding 17, which in the example shown consists of three windings which are closed at point 11 by a bridge. At point 12 the winding is also interrupted.
- an electronic circuit in the form of a flat chip, the function of which is explained below.
- With 18 metallizations are shown, which have no direct meaning for the function of the transponder. They serve to identify the position, to keep the distance when winding up many shown transponder etc.
- the exemplary embodiment shown is flat and flexible.
- the transponder 10 does not have its own power supply. It draws power from the magnetic field which is induced by the induction loop 17 and which induces an alternating current. With this power, the chip is operated at point 12.
- the chip 12 carries an individual identifier. The identifier is unique for each individual transponder 10 and is thus stamped in by the manufacturer. For example, it can be a 15-digit decimal number (which of course can be binary coded).
- the chip 12 is a very complex circuit. He
- the modulated information received from the induction loop 17 can be extracted and stored, for. B. an identifier assigned to it by the user or system, protocol information, information on the transmission power of the transponder, etc.,
- - Can also carry out internal controls in accordance with the information received and / or in accordance with its own identifier, e.g. B. time controls, control of the transmission power, and
- the transponder can modulate the current profile in particular in a time-controlled manner in the induction coil 17 in such a way that a magnetic signal is emitted by the transponder that can be received again externally, the radiated one Magnetic field in particular the transponder identification is modulated.
- electrical dipoles can also be used, which then primarily use the electric field for energy generation and for data exchange.
- FIG. 1F A known transponder antenna system is shown schematically in Fig. 1F.
- two transponder antennas 13 are provided, which are stationary. However, it is also possible to work with a single antenna 13. If two antennas 13 are provided, they are set up so that they leave a passage 17 between them which can be or must be passed by the individuals to be monitored.
- FIG. 1A shows, for example, the situation at the entrance to a library in a top view.
- Antennas 13 are set up on the left and right of a door 17, which is passed by individuals II to 14, "individuals" being understood here as the objects to be monitored, for example the books a library.
- An individual transponder 10 is then glued into the cover of each book.
- the antennas 13 generate an alternating field, which is detected by the induction loop 17 of the transponder 10 and is used as described above. A certain area of a certain width W and a certain length L thus arises, in which the location of a transponder 10 can be recognized and registered.
- the antennas 13 are controlled as follows: They are supplied with an alternating electrical signal which generates the alternating magnetic field. The signal is generated by a generator 15 and optionally fed to the two antennas 13 via a power splitter 14.
- the antennas 13 also receive the magnetic alternating field modulated by the transponders as described above and forward it backwards so that it can be received and evaluated by a receiver 16. In particular, each transponder 10 can modulate its individual identifier on the signal generated and emitted by it.
- This identifier is demodulated by the receiver (on the analog side), digitized if necessary and then recognized (on the digital side) and, for example, assigned to a user individual (runner "Heinz Huber", book title “Palandt: BGB”, file “302-X3439”) what can be done with reference to a database created by the user (organizer, owner of the library, law firm).
- This database contains the assignment between individual users (the participants in a city run, the books in a library, the files in a law firm) and the individual transponders.
- the direct individual identification was communicated to the transponder beforehand, so that it can then be modulated onto the emitted signal and thus sent and received immediately.
- the transponders 10 Since the transponders 10 often do not have their own energy supply (so-called passive transponders) and their circuitry or structure are often small or flat so that the transponder 10 can be connected to the individual to be recognized, the signal strength of the transponder is absolutely limited and in particular is not proportional to the intensity of the radiation from the alternating field from the antenna 13 to the transponder 10. That is why the range is also of the transponder signal is limited. With passive transponders, it is currently less than 2 m, in particular less than 1 m. Antennas 13 can therefore no longer receive (“hear") signals from remote transponders 10, which can also result from the use of receiver thresholds: signals demodulated at the receiver below a certain signal strength are suppressed.
- the range of active transponders (with their own energy supply) is up to 50 meters.
- transponder system if it is to work reliably, must be able to handle the simultaneous passing of several transponders 10 in the monitored area.
- Fig. 1A this is symbolized by the individuals 11 to 13 who are in the monitored area and can each carry books, for example. It must therefore be multiplexed in a certain way, and here time-division multiplexing or frequency division multiplexing are primarily considered. If frequency division multiplexing is not possible (for example because of postal regulations or because the transponder circuits cannot be designed for this), time division multiplexing remains, for example.
- Time division multiplexing involves working with assignable time ranges, hereinafter referred to as "time slots". This in turn includes the need to inform the transponders of the start and end of the time slots.
- transponders must be assigned to specific time slots.
- a specific protocol is required to exchange the necessary information here.
- Qualitative features of such protocols are shown in FIGS. 1B to E. 1B schematically shows different time ranges Init and TS 1 to TSn, which are repeated cyclically, which leads to a cycle duration Tz. Typical cycle times are 20 ms to 500 ms.
- the antenna 13 sends data to the transponders. This gives the transponders information about the time slots, the protocol used, synchronization and the like.
- the subsequent time ranges TS1 to TSn are time slots in which individual transponders can transmit modulated data that are received by the stationary antennas 13.
- FIGS. 1D and 1E show the transmission activities of individual transponders. It is assumed that, for the transponder shown in FIG. 1D, its identification has been transmitted in the time slot TS3.
- the time slot assignment is carried out from case to case or from cycle to cycle using certain algorithms.
- the time slot assignment is preferably carried out in the transponder 10 itself. This can be done with reference to information from the antennas 13 and, for example, also with reference to one's own identifier. However, it can still happen that two transponders in the monitored area send to the same time slot TS3. Since the large number of existing transponders must be mapped to a limited number of time slots, such collisions cannot be prevented, they occur regularly. This is shown in FIGS. 1D and 1E, where two transponders transmit simultaneously in the time slot TS3. The time slot assignment algorithms are then set so that in a later, e.g. B.
- transponders that previously had the same time slots will have different time slots, in FIGS. 1D and 1E the time slots TS2 and TS1, respectively.
- An extension of the monitored area in the direction of movement does not remedy this.
- a transponder remains in the monitored area longer, but there are also statistically more individuals in the monitored area, so that the probability of a collision increases with certain time slots.
- the number of time slots per cycle is limited. Typical values are 1 to 256. A certain number of bits must be transmitted within a time slot (in particular an identifier for individualization, check bits, etc.). Because of the circuitry and conceptual limitations, the time slots cannot be made arbitrarily small. Typical time slot durations are 5 to 10 ms.
- the existing systems therefore have the disadvantage that only a limited number of transponders can be recognized per unit of time.
- FIG. IF it is not sensible to change from a dual power splitter (shown) to a quad power splitter, for example. Then the physically available space (corresponding to W in FIG. 1A) would be enlarged and more individuals could pass the "gates". Nevertheless, the limitation remains due to the limited number of time slots. The increasingly picked up signals from the receivers would “jostle” in the same number of time slots, which would lead to increased time slot collisions and non-recognition. It is also not possible to simply place two systems side by side, as shown in Fig. IF. Because then the transmission activities of the individual antennas and / or transponders would interfere crosswise and overlap and thus again lead to non-recognition.
- the object of the invention is a transponder antenna, a transponder antenna system and a transponder system specify that allow an increase in the recognition rate (individuals recognized per time).
- transponder antennas are provided, one or more of which are supplied with alternating electrical signals, each of which is modulated and unmodulated in time.
- receivers are also provided, each of which is assigned to one or more transponder antennas and receives and evaluates signals from them.
- the assignment between transponder antennas and receivers can be 1: 1, ie each receiver is assigned a receiver, with each receiver receiving and evaluating signals exclusively from the antenna assigned to it. This arrangement takes advantage of the short range (which can also be small due to detection thresholds at the receiver end) of the transponder signals.
- Transponder signals are only from "close", z. B. receive the next antennas (z. B.
- transponder antennas a division of labor can be provided such that some of them only send signals and energy that are received by transponders and / or some of them only receive signals that are sent by transponders.
- one or more transponder antennas can also send and receive.
- a transponder ultimately receives a mixed signal that it cannot evaluate.
- the time synchronization of several antennas must therefore be so precise that even when several antennas send modulated signals, the data and in particular the individual data parts (bits) arrive synchronously at the transponder.
- care is advantageously taken to ensure that they transmit at exactly the same frequency. If this is not the case, beat phenomena can occur which can lead to data parts of the data transmitted by the antennas being lost in beat minima or to the transponders being temporarily not receiving any energy.
- the reference numbers TAl, TA2, TA3, TA4 and TAn denote transponder antennas.
- the illustration in FIG. 2 above can be understood as being schematically “geographical”, that is to say corresponding to a real physical arrangement.
- the antennas TAl to TAn are distributed over a wide passage, for example. Assuming, for example, that the distance between two antennas is approximately 1.20 m, can with the shown Representation a width of about 5 m can be monitored. Individuals II to 110 can move between the individual transponder antennas TAl to TAn. Because of the large number of passages present (four passages between five transponder antennas in the arrangement shown), significantly more individuals can pass through the passage per time than would be possible with only two antennas with one passage in between.
- the transponder antennas can operate according to a protocol as described with reference to FIGS. 1B to E.
- the transponder antennas each receive an alternating signal W1, W2, W3, W4 and Wn.
- these alternating signals can, for example, originate modulated from a branch 22, for example a power divider / power splitter, which in turn receives a modulated input signal.
- the modulated input signal is generated by modulating the signal from a source 20 in a modulator 21 in accordance with a modulating signal Mod.
- the signal Mod originates from a controller 23, which generates it in a suitable manner, also with regard to the time position.
- the device 23 works in particular in compliance with the prevailing protocol, that is to say, for example, as described with reference to FIGS.
- the device 23 can take over the control on the transmitter side (supply of the transponder antennas with modulated and unmodulated alternating signals).
- the device 23 or another higher-level device (not shown) can also carry out higher-level controls.
- the alternating signals Wl to Wn are supplied to the transponder antennas TAl to TAn. They bring about the interactions described above with the transponders of the individual individuals, and in particular, the transponders in turn send out modulated signals that can be tapped at the terminals of the transponder antennas.
- each transponder antenna is assigned a receiver El to En.
- the respective signal flow can take place via a coupler Kl to Kn. The receivers thus receive the signal from the respective transponder antenna, which in turn has received this from the respective transponder.
- a transponder signal is regularly received by two transponder antennas.
- the transponder signal assigned to the individual 15 is received by the antennas TA2 and TA3 and forwarded to their respective receiving device E2 and E3, which the individual 15 recognizes for itself.
- the individual can thus be recognized twice, but this is not critical, since double detections can be logically determined and suppressed.
- Time slot conflicts can also occur if, for example, individuals 12 send between TAl and TA2 and 15 between TA2 and TA3 in the same time slot. This collision would "notice" the transponder antenna TA2, but not that X
- Transponder antenna TAl and the transponder antenna TA3 The fact that the range of the transponder signals is comparatively short is helpful here, which can also result from detection thresholds used on the receiver side. It can be assumed that the respective transponder signals are only received by the next transponder antennas on the left and right of the transponder, but not from those further away. The signal from the transponder to the individual 15 is not received by the transponder antennas TAl and TA4, for example.
- a transponder according to the invention can have a transmission power regulation or control that adjusts the transmission power of the transponder so that the above assumption is justified, in particular so that the range of the transponder signal remains sufficiently small.
- the signal received by the respective transponder antenna can be tapped from the supply lines via couplers Kl to Kn. Demodulation and then digital shaping of the signal is preferably carried out in the receivers El to En. Depending on the "intelligence" of the receiver, the signal can then be processed further. For example, signal tests (check bit, checksum etc.) can be formed, and in particular the transponder identification or the like of the respective transponder can be transmitted in an easy-to-use digital format. The data obtained in this way can be fed by the receivers to a superordinate evaluation 24.
- the assignment between the unique transponder identifiers and the user-selected identifiers (“47110815007" ⁇ "Heinz Huber").
- the modulation frequency of the antenna system can be different than that of a transponder.
- a side band can also be selected for transmission by the antenna, which is different from the side band used by the transponder.
- synchronization between transmitter and receiver can be provided such that synchronization information is exchanged between receiver E1 to En and transmitter-side components (reference numbers 20 to 23), for example by means of a suitable channel 26 (logic, line), for example device 23 provides appropriate information to the recipients.
- the synchronization can e.g. B. include protocol information (logical synchronization) or information about the location of the time slots (time synchronization), the latter, for example, in the form of periodically recurring synchronization or clock pulses or signals. These can e.g. B. sent once per cycle or for each time slot.
- the synchronization device (for transmitter-side components and the receivers) of a transponder antenna system can have a synchronization device or a synchronization input for synchronization with a corresponding device of a further transponder antenna system.
- the synchronization specifications, in particular for time synchronization can - according to 5 to 7 - from transmitter-side components or from a higher-level controller or from corresponding devices of another transponder antenna system.
- the transponder antenna system of the invention prefers 2 to 32 time slots, more preferably 4 to 16 time slots per cycle.
- this is achieved in that a single modulated signal is split up by a power splitter 22 and is thus supplied to all transponder antennas.
- transponder antennas can be provided in a single assembly 22, which can be handled in a physically combined manner.
- transponder signals which were received by a transponder antenna and passed on to the respective receiver
- suitable devices for interrupting the signal flow in particular transponder signals, are provided between the receivers.
- 3 shows an example of the signal flow at a directional coupler Kn. It receives the (sometimes modulated, sometimes not modulated) alternating signal Wn and forwards it to the antenna connection on a line on which the antenna signal An is present.
- the antenna signal An includes not only the alternating signal Wn, but also the electrical image of the signal Tn emitted by the transponder.
- the alternating signal Wn runs logically seen from the directional coupler to the transponder antenna, the transponder signal logically seen from the transponder antenna to the directional coupler.
- the directional coupler separates the transponder signal Tn from the alternating signal Wn and outputs the transponder signal Tn at a separate output at which the alternating signal Wn is not present and at which it can be picked up by the receiver En.
- the provision of the signal interruption and in particular of directional couplers Kn has the advantage that the transponder signals no longer run to the branching point of the alternating signal Wn. If this were the case, there would be the danger that a transponder signal Tn would not only be received by the respectively assigned receiver En, but also by other receivers. The advantage of the multiple receivers En would then be lost, since they would then “hear” all transponder signals and the conflicts described at the beginning can thus occur in the individual time slots.
- the directional coupler Kn can be omitted, which has advantages with regard to the signal strength.
- a simple T-piece can then be used as the coupler Kn, or a power splitter which is connected in such a way that it prevents the signal flow from the transmitter-side components to the receivers.
- Fig. 4 shows a slightly changed system design. There is no longer a modulator 21 in front of the input of the power splitter 22, but the individual signals are individually modulated by modulators 40-1 to 40-n at the output of the power divider. If the modulators receive the same unmodulated alternating signal, the advantage of frequency equality is gained. If the modulators are controlled with the same signal Mod, the time synchronization is also achieved. 5 schematically shows a further system design. Separate alternating signal sources 53-1 to 53-n are provided for each transponder antenna TAn, which then also pass through their own modulators 40-1 to 40-n. If these modulators in turn receive the same modulating signal Mod, the advantage of time synchronization is gained.
- a frequency tuning is also symbolized at 51, which ensures that the signal sources 53-1 to 53-n oscillate at the same frequency.
- PLL techniques or the like can be used here. It is also conceivable that 51 is a low-energy control signal of the corresponding frequency and the sources 53-1 to 53-n only have an amplifying function in order to achieve the desired power.
- transition from low-energy control or information signals to high-energy supply signals for the antenna can take place at any suitable point in the signal flow, for example by providing suitable amplifiers there.
- Fig. 5 also indicates schematically with reference number 52 that many of the previously described components can be supplied as a unit 52 with a transponder antenna, this unit being well suited for modular use.
- transponder antenna TA, directional coupler K, modulator 40 and alternating signal source 53 can be provided as a unit.
- This unit has corresponding inputs and outputs for the frequency adjustment that may be necessary for the modulation and for the Output signal for the receiver En on. 51 symbolizes a device for frequency adjustment.
- This merging of the units into a single physical assembly can be chosen if the available space and the size of the resulting device allow it.
- FIG. 6 shows the modular concept which has been further developed.
- an alternating signal source 53n a modulator 40n, a directional coupler Kn and the actual transponder antenna TAn.
- 61 is a module which at least comprises the functions of the receiver and which can output, for example, a digital output signal at the connection 62. It can be designed to be connectable to a bus or to another digital line.
- the unit 61 can also have the function of receiving the modulating data or other control signals from the bus, so that these can be generated in the unit 61 and used to modulate the signal of the source 53n. If the unit 61 does not have this function, the modulating signal can also be supplied separately from a connection 63 shown in broken lines.
- Fig. 7 shows how conventional systems can be modified or supplemented so that improvements according to the invention result.
- the same reference numerals as in FIG. IF denote the same components, even if they are indexed.
- two conventional systems are "juxtaposed", which results in particular for the transponder antennas 13-1 and 13-2.
- Four transponder antennas with three passages 17-1, 17-2 and 17-3 are shown.
- a time synchronization 71 and a frequency adjustment device 72 are provided, which influence the respective conventional components in such a way that the modulation, in particular of the transponder antenna signal, is carried out exactly synchronized, as described above, and that transmission is carried out on the same frequency.
- By duplicating the components there are also several receivers 16-1 and 16-2, so that more than one transponder can possibly be recognized in a time slot.
- phase shift of the signals can nevertheless be controlled between them. This results in the effect that the resulting magnetic field between the antennas changes not only the amplitude but also the direction depending on the time. The result of this is that the transponder induction loops are better penetrated by the magnetic field that supplies the energy from the transponder antenna.
- the phase shift can by Phase shifter circuits or possibly also by supply lines of different lengths, if the frequencies used allow this.
- the time synchronization of the transmission activity of the transponder antennas takes place with an accuracy that is better than 40% of the duration of a data bit, preferably better than 25% of the duration of a data bit, further preferably better than 10% of the duration of a data bit.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are suitable for the modular construction and expansion of a system. If it is determined that the hardware available up to now, in particular the number of transponder antennas and possibly receivers available so far, is not sufficient to be able to reliably monitor the number of transponders passing through, corresponding units can be purchased and additionally connected to the existing system.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration modified compared to FIG. 2. Not all antennas send and receive information, but some can only send, in Fig. 8 only TA3, and some others only receive, shown e.g. B. to TAl, TA2, TA4 and TAn. Antennas that transmit and receive can also be provided for this purpose. One receiver is assigned to each of the receive antennas shown, but a receiver can also be assigned to several antennas as long as several receivers are provided.
- the hardware structure is simplified: the power splitter 22 or the synchronization of transmitting antennas is unnecessary if only one Antenna sends.
- the signal couplers Kn are unnecessary for those antennas that only receive or only transmit.
- the number of transmitting antennas can be determined according to criteria such as the range of the transmitting antennas, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC - pacemaker problem), postal regulations and the like. be selected.
- the spatial arrangement of transmitting and / or receiving antennas can be different from that shown in FIGS. 2 and 8. For example, there may be a large transmitting antenna across (or below) a wide passageway, and beneath (above) the passageway several smaller, only receiving antennas.
- the distance between two adjacent or more receiving antennas can be selected correlated to the range of the transponder signals.
- Detection thresholds in the receivers can also be selected in accordance with expected transponder transmission powers and / or in accordance with the distance from transponder antennas and / or in accordance with ambient noise in the frequency bands of interest.
- the receivers can accordingly have an adjustable threshold device.
- transmission powers of the transponders can be set in accordance with ambient noise and / or in accordance with the antenna spacing.
- a transponder antenna system or a transponder antenna can have a noise measurement device, the measurement result of which can be used, for example, to determine detection thresholds and / or to set the transponder transmission power can.
- the transponder transmission power setting can be made on the basis of data that an antenna transmits to a transponder.
- the choice of antenna spacing, transponder transmission power or detection thresholds can also be selected in accordance with the expected or permissible transponder rate (transponders to be recognized per time).
- range in the context of the invention need not be understood as the distance at which the transponder signal is lost in the background noise (physical range), but rather as the distance at which a signal is still recognized even using receiver-side detection thresholds (detection range).
- the invention also relates to receivers alone for signals from a transponder antenna. They have at least one input 93 for a signal from a transponder antenna and a synchronization input 91 for synchronizing the receiver En with transmitter-side components 20 to 23 of a transponder system as described above.
- the channel or the line 26 can be connectable to the input 93.
- the input 93 can be a physically present input or a logic input in the sense that synchronization information is taken from a line (eg data bus) which is also used for other purposes.
- the receiver can have two or more inputs 93, 94 for signals from transponder antennas.
- the receiver has an output 92 for connection to higher-level components, such as 24 in FIG. 2. Said inputs and outputs 91 and 92 can each be a physically existing input or output or a logical input in the sense that suitable data are included a line that is also used for other purposes (e.g. data bus).
- transponders respond in precisely defined timeslots. Transponders can also be recognized if they e.g. Reply randomly and possibly even recognize whether another transponder is already transmitting.
- Transponder in the sense of the invention described above can generally be understood to mean a transmitter which transmits transmitter-specific data, in particular for passage detection (e.g. at the exit of a library) or more generally for presence detection (in the area of an antenna - e.g. on the shelf of a library).
- Transponder antennas can be antennas for such transponders.
- a transponder antenna, a transponder antenna system and a transponder system as described above can be part of an access control system and / or can be combined with other person or presence detection systems.
- an access control system can have one or more barriers and / or alarm devices, barrier (s) and / or alarm (s) being influenced with reference to transponder signals, in particular a barrier (door, turnstile) only when a known transponder is detected , ...) enabled or blocked and / or triggering an alarm during the passage is switched off or released.
- the detection and / or the alarm and / or the barriers and the alarm or barrier influencing can be gate-specific, with “gate” here being understood to mean the passage between two adjacent transponder antennas.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows five transponder antennas, the total of four gates lock in.
- Detection systems that can be combined can be light barriers, weighing devices, infrared sensors, cameras with image evaluation, biometric sensors or the like.
- the detection systems can also be provided individually for the gates and thus detect individual gates.
- the access control system can also influence (block, release, switch on, switch off, trip) a barrier (door, turnstile, ...) and / or an alarm device or monitoring device (image or sound recording) with reference to signals from the detection system just mentioned make.
- the influencing can take place in accordance with the logical combination of signals from the detection system just mentioned and from the transponder system.
- logical queries and links relating to the transponder signal and the signals from the detection system can be carried out, and corresponding linkage or evaluation and control circuits with signal inputs from the transponder antenna system and from the detection system and Signal outputs to barrier and / or alarm and / or sound / image recording can be provided.
- One difficulty is recognizing from which side a transponder antenna receives a certain signal.
- the transponder system "does not” know a priori, for example, whether the antenna TA3 receives a certain signal from the gate to the left of it (individual 15) or the gate to the right thereof (individual 16), and thus also does not know which barriers or A combined analysis of transponder and detection system signals can solve this problem
- the signal constellations corresponding to the conceivable real constellations can be queried and checked and used to control barriers or alarms.
- an approved transponder If, for example, an approved transponder generates a comprehensible signal on two neighboring transponder antennas, the alarm or the barrier for the gate between these two antennas can be influenced (barrier open, alarm off). If an approved transponder only generates an understandable signal on one transponder antenna, the detection signals of the two gates connected to the transponder can be queried: the barrier is released or the alarm associated with the gate in which a person is detected is released. If people are detected in both gates, no gate is released (lock free, alarm off).
- the links can be of any complexity. If e.g. B. 15 on antennas A2 and A3, II on antennas A2 and 17 on antennas A3 generate an understandable signal and at the same time a person is detected in each of the 4 gates, the barriers between Al-A2, A2-A3 and A3-A4 are released or the respective alarm is switched off, the barrier between A4-A5 is not released or the alarm remains.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03763801A EP1522041A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2003-07-10 | Transponder antenna, transponder antennae system, and transponder system and receiver |
AU2003250036A AU2003250036A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2003-07-10 | Transponder antenna, transponder antennae system, and transponder system and receiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10231474.8 | 2002-07-12 | ||
DE10231474 | 2002-07-12 | ||
DE10242671A DE10242671A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2002-09-13 | Transponder antenna, transponder antenna system, transponder system and receiver |
DE10242671.6 | 2002-09-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004008377A1 true WO2004008377A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
WO2004008377B1 WO2004008377B1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
Family
ID=30116630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/007503 WO2004008377A1 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2003-07-10 | Transponder antenna, transponder antennae system, and transponder system and receiver |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1522041A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003250036A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004008377A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5541583A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-07-30 | At&T Corp. | Arrangement for interrogating portable data communication devices |
US5686902A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1997-11-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Communication system for communicating with tags |
US5745049A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1998-04-28 | Yokogawa Electric Corporation | Wireless equipment diagnosis system |
-
2003
- 2003-07-10 WO PCT/EP2003/007503 patent/WO2004008377A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-10 AU AU2003250036A patent/AU2003250036A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-10 EP EP03763801A patent/EP1522041A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5686902A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1997-11-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Communication system for communicating with tags |
US5541583A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-07-30 | At&T Corp. | Arrangement for interrogating portable data communication devices |
US5745049A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 1998-04-28 | Yokogawa Electric Corporation | Wireless equipment diagnosis system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1522041A1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
WO2004008377B1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
AU2003250036A1 (en) | 2004-02-02 |
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