VASCULAR STENT GRAFTS
This application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/404,343, filed August 19, 2002, titled MODULAR RECONSTRUCTABLE ENDOVASCULAR BYPASS STENT GRAFT and United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/404,344, filed August 19, 2002, titled MODULAR RECONSTRUCTABLE STENT GRAFT.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to vascular surgery and, more particularly, vascular stent grafts useful in bypassing or removing portions of vascular anatomy from circulation and/or reconstructing vascular anatomy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The circulatory system comprises many different parts, one of which is the vascular system. Blood vessels can develop various problems, diseases, or other pathology that frequently requires surgical repair. v Two common conditions include vascular blockage, such as, for example, blood clots, and aneurysms. Blockage is generally repaired surgically by, for example, bypass surgery, a balloon catheter, or the like. Surgeons conventionally treat aneurysms by surgically removing the aneurysm. Some aneurysms can be treated using endovascular methodologies including placing a graft, but frequently endovascular treatment is not possible because branch vessels become occluded. But, these and other conventional procedures for correcting vascular pathology are not particularly satisfactory. Thus, it would be desirous to develop apparatuses that allowed for endovascular repair of the vascular system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To attain the advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, apparatuses to facilitate endovascular repair of a diseased vessel are provided. In particular the vascular stent graft comprises a main vessel stent graft and a bypass stent
graft. The bypass stent graft has a proximate end to be received in an access port on the wall of the main vessel stent graft. The bypass stent graft has a distal end to be positioning in a sealing relationship with the vessel such that vascular anatomy is bypassed. The present invention also provides for vascular stent grafts to remove portions of the vascular system from circulation. The vascular stent graft comprises a main vessel stent graft and a branch connecting stent graft. The branch connecting stent graft is received an access port on the wall of the main vessel stent graft such that the distal end of the branch connecting stent graft is in the branch vessel and the proximate end of the branch connecting stent graft is in a sealing relationship with the access port.
The present invention further provides for vascular stent grafts to remove portions of the vascular system from circulation. The vascular stent graft comprises a main vessel stent graft, a branch stent graft, and a connecting stent. The branch stent is placed in the branch vessels and has radiopaque markers for later location. The main vessel stent graft is placed temporarily occluding the branch vessel. A connecting stent is aligned using the radiopaque markers such that the connecting stent has a distal end in sealing relationship with the branch stent graft and a proximate end in sealing relationship with the main vessel stent graft.
The foregoing and other features, utilities and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Further, the advantages and purpose of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles thereof. Like items in the drawings are referred to using the same numerical reference.
FIG. 1 shows a portion of a vascular anatomy with an endovascular stent graft consistent with the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows devices useful for placement of the endovascular stent graft of FIG. 1
FIG. 3 shows puncturing a main vessel stent graft consistent with establishing a working port; FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an access port and bypass stent graft consistent with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a portion of a vascular anatomy with an endovascular stent graft consistent with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows puncturing a main vessel stent graft consistent with establishing a working port;
FIG. 7 shows a portion of a vascular anatomy with an endovascular stent graft consistent with another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 8 shows another construction of main vessel stent graft 508.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Some embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. Referring first to FIG. 1, a cut-away portion of a blood vessel 100 is shown. A clot 102, blockage, or other vascular pathology in blood vessel 100 requires a bypass. An endovascular bypass stent 104 is shown implanted in vessel 100. Endovascular bypass stent 104 comprises a main vessel stent graft 106 and a bypass stent graft 108. Main vessel stent graft 106 has an access port 110 located proximate clot 102. Bypass stent graft 108 has a proximate end 112 and a distal end 114. Proximate end 112 is connected to access port 110 in a sealing relationship, which will be explained further below with respect to FIG. 4. Distal end 114 resides within vessel 100 such that bypass catheter 108 bypasses clot 102 or other vascular pathology.
Implanting or deploying endovascular bypass stent 104 will be explained with reference to FIG. 2. First a main deployment catheter 202 and main vessel stent graft 106 are guided to clot 102 using standard endovascular surgical techniques. Main deployment catheter 202 comprises a proximate balloon 204, a distal balloon 206, and a working port 208. Inflating
proximate balloon 204 and distal balloon 206 isolates working port 208 from blood flow.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a trocar 302 is passed through the main deployment catheter 202 and out working port 208 once balloons 204 and 206 isolate blood flow. Using 3-D navigational technology (as is commonly available in the art), trocar 302 is aligned with working port 208 and used to puncture vessel 100 about working port 208. As shown in FIG. 3, main vessel stent graft 106 may be deployed without working port 208. In this case, trocar 302 first punctures main vessel stent graft 106 to make working port 208. When working port 208 is made by trocar 302, main vessel stent graft 106 is designed to form a controlled tear pattern, such as a controlled stellate pattern 304, as is commonly known in the art.
Once vessel 100 is punctured, a bypass catheter 210 is passed to the vascular pathology. Bypass catheter 210 comprises a dissecting balloon 212 and a tool port 214 at the distal end thereof. A wire needle 216 is passed out tool port 214. Using the bypass catheter 210, dissecting balloon 212 passes through the puncture and enters the perivascular space about vessel 100. The dissecting balloon dissects the perivascular space up to a vessel re-entry port 218. Vessel re-entry port 218 is shown as a part of blood vessel 100 such that clot 102 is removed from circulation, but vessel re-entry port 218 could reside in a separate blood vessel (not specifically shown) as required by the patient's anatomy and the particular pathology involved. Wire needle 216 punctures the vessel to establish re-entry port 218.
Once wire needle 216 establishes re-entry port 218, bypass catheter 210 is removed and bypass stent graft 108 is passed over wire needle 216.
Distal end 114 is placed in the vessel at re-entry port 218 and expanded to fit snuggly with the vessel wall in a sealing relationship. Bypass stent graft could be expanded using a balloon or made out of an expanding material, such as, for example, shaped memory alloys. The proximate end 112 and access port 110 are joined in a sealing relationship, as explained below.
Once bypass stent graft 108 is placed, proximate balloon 204 is deflated and blood flow is verified. Finally, distal balloon 206 is deflated and the catheter is removed leaving endovascular bypass stent 104 in place.
FIG. 4 shows the sealing relationship between access port 110 and proximate end 112 in more detail. In particular, a cross-sectional view of access port 110 and proximate end 112 is shown. Access port 110 has an edge 402 defining access port 110. About edge 402 is a seating surface 404. Proximate end 404 has a corresponding engaging surface 406. Engaging surface 406 mates with seating surface 404 to form a seal that inhibits blood leakage. Reference number 408 is a material that further inhibits bleeding. Reference number 408 could be a sealing ring, such as a GORTEX® washer, that could be deployed between seating surface 404 and engaging surface 406 to further inhibit blood flow. Alternatively, reference number 408 could be a form of epoxy, acrylic, silicone, tape, glue, or resin that seals seating surface 404 and engaging surface 406. Still further, bypass stent graft 108 and/or main vessel stent graft 102 could be constructed out of shaped memory alloys, such as, for example, Ag-Cd alloys, Cu-Al-Ni alloys, Cu-Sn alloys, Cu-Zn alloys, Cu-Zn-Si alloys, Cu-Zn-Sn alloys, Cu-Zn- Al alloys, In-Ti alloys, Ni- Al alloys, Ni-Ti alloys, Fe-Pt alloys, Mn-Cu alloys, Fe-Mn-Si alloys, and the like. These could be designed such that seating surface 404 and engaging surface 406 form an adequate seal and then deformed for deployment. After deployment, an activation signal could cause seating surface 404 and engaging surface 406 to join in a sealing relationship. The activation signal could be a thermal, electrical, magnetic, radiation signal or the like. Notice, the seal between access port 110 and bypass stent graft 108 could be accomplished using a connecting stent. Connecting stents are explained further below with reference to FIG. 7. Referring now to FIG. 5, another embodiment of the present invention is shown. FIG. 5 shows a cut-away portion of a vessel 500. In this case, vessel 500 contains a type of aneurysm 502 or other vascular pathology that needs to be isolated from vessel 500. As shown, vessel 500 has branch vessels 504 that prevents the use of a conventional stent because a conventional stent would occlude blood flow to branch vessels 504 indefinitely. In this case, endovascular stent graft 506 includes a main vessel stent graft 508 and a number of branch connecting stent grafts 510. In this case, two branch connecting stent grafts 510 are shown, but more or less could be deployed as necessitated by patient anatomy. Branch connecting
stent grafts 510 pass through access ports 512 in main vessel stent graft 508 such that a distal 514 of branch connecting stent graft 510 resides in branch vessels 504 and a proximate end 516 of branch connecting stent graft 510 is in a sealing relationship with access port 512, such sealing relationship is further explained above in connection with FIG. 4.
Endovascular stent graft 506 can be deployed in a number of different ways. For example, main vessel stent graft 508 can be placed using conventional endovascular techniques. Once placed, using 3-D surgical navigation techniques, commonly known in the art, a trocar 602 is used to puncture main vessel stent graft 508 at the junction with branch vessel 504 (See FIG. 6). Main vessel stent graft 508 is constructed such that trocar 602 would from a controlled tear 604, such as a controlled stellate pattern. A balloon 606 would be used to dilate tear 604 to a size capable of accepting branch connecting stent graft 510. Branch connecting stent graft 510 is the passed to the site such that distal end 514 resides in branch vessel 504 and proximate end 516 forms a sealing relationship with access port 512.
While main vessel stent graft 508 (and main vessel stent graft 106) is shown as a tubular member conforming to the shape of the vessel 500 (or 100), main vessel stent graft 508 could be other shapes, such as, for example, a y shaped main vessel stent graft 800. In this case, y branch 802 would replace branch connecting stent 510y (FIG. 5). Other shapes are possible.
Alternatively to using 3-D surgical navigation, FIG. 7 shows placing branch locating stent graft 702. Branch locating stent graft 702 would have a radiopaque edge 704 proximate vessel 500. Main vessel stent graft 508 would be passed to the vascular site occluding branch vessels 504. Trocar 604 would then be aligned with radiopaque edge 704 and main vessel stent graft 508 would be punctured to form access port 512. A connecting stent 706 would then be placed such that a distal end 708 of connecting stent 706 resided in and formed a sealing relationship with branch locating stent 702 and a proximate end 710 of connecting stent 706 resides in and forms a sealing relationship with access port 712.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to some embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled
in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.