WO2004041745A1 - A concrete mixture for use in oil-and gas wells - Google Patents

A concrete mixture for use in oil-and gas wells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004041745A1
WO2004041745A1 PCT/NO2003/000374 NO0300374W WO2004041745A1 WO 2004041745 A1 WO2004041745 A1 WO 2004041745A1 NO 0300374 W NO0300374 W NO 0300374W WO 2004041745 A1 WO2004041745 A1 WO 2004041745A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete mixture
specific gravity
concrete
oil
glass balls
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2003/000374
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John Jamth
Original Assignee
West-Lab Services As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by West-Lab Services As filed Critical West-Lab Services As
Priority to AU2003279638A priority Critical patent/AU2003279638A1/en
Publication of WO2004041745A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004041745A1/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/22Glass ; Devitrified glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C09K8/473Density reducing additives, e.g. for obtaining foamed cement compositions

Definitions

  • This invention regards a concrete mixture for use in oil- and gas fields, more particularly a mixture comprising a significant proportion of glass balls with rough surfaces.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a concrete of high compressive strength having low specific gravity.
  • flue ash is commonly used as an additive aggregate, in the form of balls of a diameter down to 0.25 mm.
  • the flue ash provides a desired option of adjusting the specific gravity of the concrete mixture, but the properties of the flue ash render it rather unsuitable when desiring to fulfil other purposes than a reduced specific gravity.
  • the flue ash is a by-product of combustion or refining of silica, among other things. It often contains substances hazardous to health. Of greatest significance to the property of the concrete mixture, however, is the inability of the flue ash to withstand high pressures. Already at pressures of ca. 60 bars (800 psi), the flue ash collapses. This results in settling in the concrete prior to hardening, hence an increase in the specific gravity of the concrete.
  • the object of the invention is to .remedy the disadvantages of. prior art.
  • additive aggregates known per se are used, including cement, water, sand and possibly agents for adjusting density, viscosity and hardening.
  • glass particles are mixed into the water, for example particles of the brand Liaver Super-K from Liapor GmbH & Co. KG,
  • Liaver Super-K is available at different specific gravities, typically from ca. 0.45 to 2.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the most used type has a specific gravity from 0.45 to 1.0 g/cm 3 .
  • the invention is not limited to use of spherical particles, inasmuch as other particle shapes also may be used to achieve the desired effect.
  • a concrete mixture ready for use advantageously contains ca. 30% glass balls, but the invention is not limited to this volume percentage.
  • the most used types of glass particles have a specific gravity that allows them to stay afloat or, if a stirring motion is maintained in the water, to suspend them in the water.
  • a uniform distribution of the glass balls is maintained when the water-/glass ball mixture is added to the remainder of the additive aggregates during the concrete mixing process.
  • the specific gravity of the concrete mixture is adjusted by using a type of glass particle having a specific gravity that, at ca. 30% volume percentage admixture of glass particles, provides the desired concrete specific gravity required for the pouring task at hand.
  • the concrete mixture may be used under conditions at which the pressure on surrounding structures must be minimized.
  • the glass particles define a compact cross section.
  • the surface is rough.
  • the surface of the glass particles exhibits a great ability for adhering to cement.
  • the wear on pump- and pipe components is reduced due to the collective abrasiveness of the aggregate mixture being lowered.
  • the cement-covered glass balls provide a reduced abrasive action as compared with the other main constituents of a concrete mixture.
  • the ability, of the. concrete, mixture- to- flow .through pipes and similar is improved, wherebythe power requirement when pumping is reduced.
  • Glass has a relatively high thermal capacity. During the setting and hardening processes on the concrete, this high thermal capacity provides a moderating effect on the temperature increase naturally occurring in this phase. Said effect is of great significance particularly in wells wherein gas condensate exists in a frozen state. An temperature increase of the gas hydrate may bring the gas into a vapour
  • a concrete mixture according to the invention consisting of:
  • the measurement results show that the concrete mixture according to the invention has provided the expected effect concerning compressive strength and adhesion.

Abstract

A concrete mixture for use between a casing and a rock wall in a borehole arranged for exploration or production of oil or gas, or arranged for maintenance of such exploration or productoin wells, in which the concrete mixture, due the pressure of said gas or oil or surrounding structures, or due to the hole depth below the sea surface, must withstand high pressures, and simulatenously the specific gravity of the concrete mixture is adjusted by means of the concrete mixture containing a specific gravity adjusting aggregate having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of cement for the liquid concrete to exert an adapted pressure on the structure surrounding the wellbore, wherein the specific gravity adjusting aggregate used in the concrete mixture consists of compact glass balls.

Description

A CONCRETE MIXTURE FOR USE IN OIL- AND GAS WELLS
This invention regards a concrete mixture for use in oil- and gas fields, more particularly a mixture comprising a significant proportion of glass balls with rough surfaces. The object of the invention is to provide a concrete of high compressive strength having low specific gravity.
In some circumstances when using concrete, it is necessary to reduce the specific gravity of the concrete mixture to reduce the stress on surrounding structures during the pouring phase. An obvious example of this is the cementing of an oil well. In here, concrete is used to fill the space between the borehole casing and the bedrock through which the hole extends. Some rock structures are unstable and may collapse if subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of liquid concrete that is filled around the casing. This may result in large, undesirable fractures in the formations surrounding the borehole.
P20334DE_prio - 02.01.04 To reduce the specific gravity of the concrete mixture, flue ash, among other things, is commonly used as an additive aggregate, in the form of balls of a diameter down to 0.25 mm. The flue ash provides a desired option of adjusting the specific gravity of the concrete mixture, but the properties of the flue ash render it rather unsuitable when desiring to fulfil other purposes than a reduced specific gravity. The flue ash is a by-product of combustion or refining of silica, among other things. It often contains substances hazardous to health. Of greatest significance to the property of the concrete mixture, however, is the inability of the flue ash to withstand high pressures. Already at pressures of ca. 60 bars (800 psi), the flue ash collapses. This results in settling in the concrete prior to hardening, hence an increase in the specific gravity of the concrete.
The object of the invention is to .remedy the disadvantages of. prior art.
The object is achieved through features disclosed in the description below and in subsequent claims.
In a concrete mixture intended to be poured between a casing of an oil or gas well and the surrounding rock wall or between tubulars of different diameter, additive aggregates known per se are used, including cement, water, sand and possibly agents for adjusting density, viscosity and hardening.
To reduce the specific gravity of the concrete mixture, glass particles are mixed into the water, for example particles of the brand Liaver Super-K from Liapor GmbH & Co. KG,
P20334DE_prio - 02.01.04 Hallendorf, Pautzfeld, Germany, essentially in the form-of glass balls with a „ diameter of 0.25-0.8 mm. Liaver Super-K is available at different specific gravities, typically from ca. 0.45 to 2.5 g/cm3. The most used type has a specific gravity from 0.45 to 1.0 g/cm3. The invention is not limited to use of spherical particles, inasmuch as other particle shapes also may be used to achieve the desired effect.
A concrete mixture ready for use advantageously contains ca. 30% glass balls, but the invention is not limited to this volume percentage.
Preferably, the most used types of glass particles have a specific gravity that allows them to stay afloat or, if a stirring motion is maintained in the water, to suspend them in the water. At the floating or suspended state of the glass particles in the water, a uniform distribution of the glass balls is maintained when the water-/glass ball mixture is added to the remainder of the additive aggregates during the concrete mixing process.
According to the invention, the specific gravity of the concrete mixture is adjusted by using a type of glass particle having a specific gravity that, at ca. 30% volume percentage admixture of glass particles, provides the desired concrete specific gravity required for the pouring task at hand. Given this, the concrete mixture may be used under conditions at which the pressure on surrounding structures must be minimized.
The glass particles define a compact cross section. The surface is rough.
P20334DE_prio- 02.01.04 Concrete with glass balls admixed have great compressive strength. Testing of concrete mixtures show crushing of 0.3% of the glass balls at a pressure of nearly 1100 bars (15000 psi) and a temperature of 175 °C. Given this, a concrete mixture according to the invention exhibits insubstantial settling during hardening and great compressive strength when hardened.
In the preferred spherical form, the surface of the glass particles exhibits a great ability for adhering to cement. When pumping a concrete mixture containing glass balls, it has been found that the wear on pump- and pipe components is reduced due to the collective abrasiveness of the aggregate mixture being lowered. The cement-covered glass balls provide a reduced abrasive action as compared with the other main constituents of a concrete mixture. At the same time, the ability, of the. concrete, mixture- to- flow .through pipes and similar is improved, wherebythe power requirement when pumping is reduced.
In tests the concrete mixture according to the invention exhibits little shrinkage and a strong adhesion to steel.
This provides good contact between for example the casing in an oil/gas well and the surrounding concrete.
Glass has a relatively high thermal capacity. During the setting and hardening processes on the concrete, this high thermal capacity provides a moderating effect on the temperature increase naturally occurring in this phase. Said effect is of great significance particularly in wells wherein gas condensate exists in a frozen state. An temperature increase of the gas hydrate may bring the gas into a vapour
P20334DE_prio - 02.01.04 state, resulting in a great volumetric expansion. The expansion may cause damage to technical installations within and around the well. Use of glass balls in the concrete mixture thus will reduce the risk of such damage during pouring operations in wellbores .
In the following, a non-limiting example of a preferred embodiment is described.
A concrete mixture according to the invention consisting of:
36.25 litres of seawater having a specific gravity of 1.025 g/cm3;
4.5 litres of CaCl having a specific gravity of 1.314 g/cm3; 30 litres of glass balls Liaver Super-K 1 having a specific gravity of 1.000 g/cm3; and 100 litres of G-cement having a' specific gravity of 3.220 g/cm3
exhibited a specific gravity of 1.71 g/cm3 in a soft state. After hardening at 69 bars (ca. 950 psi) pressure, the specific gravity was 1.71 g/cm3.
Laboratory tests were carried out, in which a concrete mixture I known per se and appropriate for the purpose was compared with a concrete mixture II according to the invention. A summary of several repeated tests shows the following measurement results:
P20334DE_prio - 02.01.04
Figure imgf000008_0001
The measurement results show that the concrete mixture according to the invention has provided the expected effect concerning compressive strength and adhesion.
P20334DE_prio - 02.01.04

Claims

C l aims
A concrete mixture for use between a casing and a rock wall in a borehole arranged for exploration or production of oil or gas, or arranged for maintenance of such exploration or production wells, in which the concrete mixture, due to the pressure of said gas or oil or surrounding structures, or due to the hole depth below the sea surface, must withstand high pressures, and simultaneously the specific gravity of the concrete mixture is adjusted by means of the concrete mixture containing a specific gravity adjusting aggregate having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of cement for the liquid concrete to exert an adapted pressure on the structure surrounding the wellbore, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the specific gravity adjusting aggregate used in the concrete mixture consists of compact glass balls.
The concrete mixture according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the proportion of glass balls constitutes up to 40% of the total volume of the concrete mixture.
The concrete mixture according to one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the specific gravity of the glass balls is between 0.45 and 2.5 g/cm3.
The concrete mixture according to one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n_prio - 02.01.04 that the diameter of the glass balls is between 0.25 and 0.80 mm.
The concrete mixture according to one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the glass balls have rough surfaces. _prio - 02.01.04
PCT/NO2003/000374 2002-11-08 2003-11-06 A concrete mixture for use in oil-and gas wells WO2004041745A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003279638A AU2003279638A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2003-11-06 A concrete mixture for use in oil-and gas wells

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20025351 2002-11-08
NO20025351A NO324113B1 (en) 2002-11-08 2002-11-08 Concrete mix for use in oil and gas wells

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004041745A1 true WO2004041745A1 (en) 2004-05-21

Family

ID=19914162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2003/000374 WO2004041745A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2003-11-06 A concrete mixture for use in oil-and gas wells

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU2003279638A1 (en)
NO (1) NO324113B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004041745A1 (en)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804058A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-04-16 Mobil Oil Corp Process of treating a well using a lightweight cement
US4234344A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-11-18 Halliburton Company Lightweight cement and method of cementing therewith
US4370166A (en) * 1980-09-04 1983-01-25 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Low density cement slurry and its use
US4385935A (en) * 1979-08-16 1983-05-31 Elkem A/S Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells
US5158613A (en) * 1987-11-09 1992-10-27 Norsk Hydro A.S. Cement slurry
WO2002064528A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-22 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Very low-density cement slurry

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804058A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-04-16 Mobil Oil Corp Process of treating a well using a lightweight cement
US4234344A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-11-18 Halliburton Company Lightweight cement and method of cementing therewith
US4385935A (en) * 1979-08-16 1983-05-31 Elkem A/S Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells
US4370166A (en) * 1980-09-04 1983-01-25 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Low density cement slurry and its use
US5158613A (en) * 1987-11-09 1992-10-27 Norsk Hydro A.S. Cement slurry
WO2002064528A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-22 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Very low-density cement slurry

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003279638A1 (en) 2004-06-07
NO20025351L (en) 2004-05-10
NO324113B1 (en) 2007-08-27
NO20025351D0 (en) 2002-11-08

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