WO2004067961A2 - Lubrication system for radially expanding tubular members - Google Patents
Lubrication system for radially expanding tubular members Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004067961A2 WO2004067961A2 PCT/US2004/002122 US2004002122W WO2004067961A2 WO 2004067961 A2 WO2004067961 A2 WO 2004067961A2 US 2004002122 W US2004002122 W US 2004002122W WO 2004067961 A2 WO2004067961 A2 WO 2004067961A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- expansion
- tubular member
- expansion device
- interface
- lubricating
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
- E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
- E21B43/105—Expanding tools specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
- E21B43/10—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells
- E21B43/103—Setting of casings, screens, liners or the like in wells of expandable casings, screens, liners, or the like
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to oil and gas exploration, and in particular to forming and repairing wellbore casings to facilitate oil and gas exploration.
- a wellbore typically traverses a number of zones within a subterranean formation.
- Wellbore casings are then formed in the wellbore by radially expanding and plastically deforming tubular members that are coupled to one another by threaded connections.
- Existing methods for radially expanding and plastically deforming tubular members coupled to one another by threaded connections are not always reliable or produce satisfactory results. In particular, the threaded connections can be damaged during the radial expansion process.
- an expansion cone is moved axially through the tubular members.
- the cone has an outside diameter greater than the inside diameter of the tubular members. Thus, a tremendous amount of friction exists between the cone and the tubular members which results in heat, stress and wear.
- the expansion cone, or mandrel is used to permanently mechanically deform the pipe. The cone is moved through the tubing by a differential hydraulic pressure across the cone itself, and/or by a direct mechanical pull or push force. The differential pressure is pumped through an inner-string connected to the cone, and the mechanical force is applied by either raising or lowering the inner string.
- the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the limitations of the existing processes for radially expanding and plastically deforming tubular members coupled to one another by threaded connections.
- an expansion cone for radially expanding multiple tubular members includes a body having an annular outer peripheral surface, and at least a portion of the surface being textured with friction reducing reliefs recessed into the surface.
- a reduced friction radial expansion apparatus includes a plurality of tubular members having an axial passage formed therethrough including an inside diameter, an expansion cone having an annular outer peripheral surface including an outside diameter greater than the inside diameter of the axial passage, and at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface being textured with friction reducing reliefs recessed into the surface.
- an apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member includes a support member, an expansion device coupled to an end of the support member comprising one or more expansion surfaces for engaging the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member, and a lubrication system for lubricating an interface between one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device and one or more interior surfaces of the tubular member.
- a method for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member includes radially expanding and plastically deforming the tubular member using an expansion device comprising one or more expansion surfaces, and lubricating an interface between one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device and one or more interior surfaces of the tubular member.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for supplying a quantity of a lubricant material, and means for injecting at least a portion of the lubricant material into the interface.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining a rate of strain of the tubular member during an operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of the determined rate of strain.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining one or more characteristics of the interface during an operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining a rate of strain of the tubular member during an operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of the determined rate of strain.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining one or more characteristics of the interface during an operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining one or more characteristics of the operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining one or more characteristics of the operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, a first lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, a second lubricating film coupled to an interior surface of the tubular member, and a lubricating material disposed within an annulus defined between the expansion surface of the expansion device and the interior surface of the tubular member.
- a method of lubricating an interface between an expansion surface of an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member includes texturing the expansion surface, coupling a first lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, coupling a second lubricating film to an interior surface of the tubular member, and disposing a lubricating material within an annulus defined between the expansion surface of the expansion device and the interior surface of the tubular member.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member in which the amount of energy required to overcome frictional forces during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 8% of the total amount of energy required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member including an expansion device, wherein the coefficient of friction between the expansion device and the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 0.06.
- FIG. 1a is a fragmentary cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member.
- FIG. 1b is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the operation of the apparatus of Fig. 1a..
- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including a lubricant supply.
- Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including a lubricant supply.
- Fig. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including a lubricant coating.
- Fig. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including a lubricant coating.
- Fig. 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 7 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 6.
- Fig. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 8.
- Fig. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- FIG. 11 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 10.
- Fig. 12 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 13 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 12.
- Fig. 14 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- FIG. 15 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 14.
- Fig. 16 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 17 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 16.
- Fig. 18 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 19 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 18.
- Fig. 20 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary portion of the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b including one or more recesses defined in the external surface.
- Fig. 21 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 20.
- Fig. 22 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of leading and trailing edges of the interface between the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b and the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member.
- Fig. 23 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Fig. 24 is a fragmentary cross-sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the interface between the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs.
- Fig. 25 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Fig. 26 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Fig. 27 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Fig. 28 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1 a and 1 b.
- Fig. 29 is an exemplary embodiment of a graphical illustration of the concentration distribution of lubrication elements in the external surface of the expansion device of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1 b.
- Fig. 30 is an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Figs. 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d are illustrations of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Figs. 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d are illustrations of an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of Figs. 1a and 1b.
- Fig. 33 is a schematic illustration of a tribological system.
- an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus 10 for radially expanding a tubular member includes an expansion device 12 including one or more expansion surfaces 12a that is coupled to an end of a support member
- the expansion device 12 is a conventional commercially available expansion device and/or is provided substantially as described in one or more of the following: : (1) U.S. patent application serial no.
- the expansion device 12 is, or includes, a conventional commercially available rotary expansion device such, for example, those available from Weatherford International.
- the apparatus 10 is operated to radially expand and plastically deform a tubular member 16 by displacing and/or rotating the expansion device 12 relative to the tubular member 16 within a preexisting structure such as, for example, a wellbore 18 that traverses a subterranean formation 20.
- the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 engages at least a portion of the interior surface 16a of the tubular member 16.
- the apparatus 10 is operated substantially as described in one or more of the following: (1) U.S. patent application serial no. 09/454,139, attorney docket no. 25791.03.02, filed on 12/3/1999, (2) U.S. patent application serial no. 09/510,913, attorney docket no. 25791.7.02, filed on 2/23/2000, (3) U.S. patent application serial no. 09/502,350, attorney docket no. 25791.8.02, filed on 2/10/2000, (4) U.S. patent application serial no. 09/440,338, attorney docket no. 25791.9.02, filed on 11/15/1999, (5) U.S. patent application serial no. 09/523,460, attorney docket no.
- the expansion device 12 is operated like, or includes operational features of, a conventional commercially available rotary expansion device such, for example, those available from Weatherford International. [0063] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Fig.
- the apparatus 10 further includes a lubricant supply 20, and during the operation of the apparatus 10, the lubricant supply injects a lubricating material 22 into an annulus 24 defined between one or more the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device 12 and the internal surface 16a of the tubular member 16. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the lubricating material 22 includes fluidic and/or solid lubricating materials.
- the expansion device 12 of the apparatus 10 further includes an internal lubricant supply 30, and during the operation of the apparatus 10, the lubricant supply injects a lubricating material 32 into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the lubricating material 32 includes fluidic and/or solid lubricating materials.
- the lubricant supply injects the lubricating material 32 into one or more recesses defined in the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12.
- a layer of a lubricating film 40 is coupled to at least a portion of one or more of the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus 10 such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricating film 40 is released into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the lubricating film 40 includes fluidic and/or solid lubricating materials.
- the thickness and/or composition of the film 40 are non-uniform.
- layers 50a and 50b of a lubricating film are coupled to portions of one or more of the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus 10 such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the layers of lubricating film, 50a and 50b, are released into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the layers, 50a and 50b, of lubricating film are deposited within recesses, 52a and 52b, respectively, defined within the expansion surface 12a.
- the lubricating film, 50a and 50b include fluidic and/or solid lubricating materials.
- the thickness and/or composition of the films, 50a and/or 50b are non-uniform.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define recesses 60a, 60b, 60c, and 60d, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recesses, 60a, 60b, 60c, and 60d are substantially identical and equally spaced cylindrical cavities defined within the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device.
- one or more of the recesses 60 may be different in geometry from one or more of the other recesses 60.
- the spacing between the recesses 60 may be unequal.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define recesses 80a, 80b, 80c, and 80d, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recesses, 80a, 80b, 80c, and 80d are cylindrical cavities of varying depths defined within the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device.
- the placement of the recesses 80 is such that the pair of recesses, 80a and 80b, are offset from the other pair of recesses, 80c and 80d.
- one or more of the recesses 80 may be different in geometry from one or more of the other recesses 80.
- the spacing between the recesses 80 may be unequal. [0069] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Figs.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define criss-crossing recesses 100a, 100b, 100c, and 100d, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recesses, 100a and 100b are substantially parallel to one another, and the recesses, 100c and 100d, are substantially parallel to one another, and the recesses, 100a and 100b, are both substantially orthogonal to the recesses, 100c and 100d.
- one or more of the recesses 100 may be different in geometry and orientation from one or more of the other recesses 100.
- the spacing between the recesses 100 may be unequal.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define recesses 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d, 120e and 120f, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recesses 120 are substantially identical cylindrical recesses that are defined within, and randomly distributed on, the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12. In several alternative embodiments, one or more of the recesses 120 may be different in geometry and orientation from one or more of the other recesses 120.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define recesses 130a, 130b, 130c, 130d, 130e and 130f, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the recesses 130 are cylindrical recesses that are defined within, and randomly distributed on, the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12.
- the volumetric geometry of the recesses 130 are randomly selected.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define one or more recesses 140, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24. In this manner, the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the boundaries of the recess 140 include one or more linear and/or non-linear boundaries and the depth of the recess is random in all directions.
- one or more of the recesses 140 may be different in geometry and orientation from one or more of the other recesses 140.
- the spacing between the recesses 140 may be unequal and/or random.
- the depth of the recess 140 may be constant.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define recesses 160a, 160b, 160c, and 160d, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recesses, 160a, 160b, 160c, and 160d are substantially identical and equally spaced cylindrical cavities having completely curved walls defined within the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device.
- one or more of the recesses 160 are substantially identical in geometry to the dimples found in one or more conventional golf balls.
- one or more of the recesses 160 may be different in geometry from one or more of the other recesses 160.
- the spacing between the recesses 160 may be unequal. [0074] In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated in Figs.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define a recess 180, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the recess 180 is an etched surface having a non-uniform pattern of pits 180a. In several alternative embodiments, the depth of the pits 180a is non-uniform.
- one or more portions of the expansion surfaces 12a of the apparatus 10 define a recess 190, that may, for example, contain the lubricant material 22, the lubricant material 32, the lubricant film 40, and/or the lubricant film 50, such that, during the operation of the apparatus, at least a portion of the lubricant materials and/or the lubricant films are released into the annulus 24.
- the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12 is reduced.
- the recess 190 is a knurled surface having a uniform pattern of pits 190a.
- the pattern of the pits 190a and/or the depth of the pits 190a is non- uniform.
- the interface between the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 and the interior surface 16a of the tubular member 16 includes a leading edge portion 220 and a trailing edge portion 222.
- the concentration of lubrication is increased in the leading and trailing edge portions, 220 and 222, respectively, in order to reduce the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12.
- the concentration of lubrication within a specific portions of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 is increased by increasing one or more of the following: 1) the flow of the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 into the annulus 24 surrounding the specific portion; 2) the volume of the films 40 and/or 50 applied to the specific portion; 3) the density of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 130, 140, 160, 180, and/or 200 within the specific portion; and/or 4) the normalized oil volume within the specific portion.
- the concentration of lubrication within a specific portions of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 is increased by increasing one or more of the following: 1) the flow of the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 into the annulus 24 surrounding the specific portion; 2) the volume of the films 40 and/or 50 applied to the specific portion; 3) the density of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 130, 140, 160, 180, and/or 200 within the specific portion; and/or 4) the normalized oil volume within the specific portion.
- the rate of strain of the tubular member 16 varies as a function of the geometry of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device.
- certain portions of the tubular member 16 that interface with the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 may experience rates of strain that are different from other portions of the tubular member that interface with the expansion surface of the expansion device.
- the concentration of lubrication is increased in those areas having greater rates of strain as compared with those areas having lesser rates of strain in order to reduce the amount of energy and/or power required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 using the expansion device 12.
- the relationship between the concentration of lubrication and the rate of strain is a linear relationship.
- the relationship between the concentration of lubrication and the rate of strain is a non-linear relationship having a decreasing slope with increasing rate of strain.
- the relationship between the concentration of lubrication and the rate of strain is a non-linear relationship having an decreasing slope with increasing rate of strain.
- the relationship between the concentration of lubrication and the rate of strain includes one or more step functions.
- the relationship between the concentration of lubrication and the rate of strain includes one or more of the characteristics of Figs. 25-28.
- the concentration of lubrication within a specific portions of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 is increased by increasing one or more of the following: 1) the flow of the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 into the annulus 24 surrounding the specific portion; 2) the volume of the films 40 and/or 50 applied to the specific portion; 3) the density of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 130, 140, 160, 180, and/or 200 within the specific portion; and/or 4) the normalized oil volume within the specific portion.
- the concentration of lubrication within a specific portions of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 is controlled by adjusting one or more of the following: 1) the flow of the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 into the annulus 24 surrounding the specific portion; 2) the volume of the films 40 and/or 50 applied to the specific portion; 3) the density of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 130, 140, 160, 180, and/or 200 within the specific portion; and/or 4) the normalized oil volume within the specific portion.
- the lubricating films 40 and/or 50 include a physical vapor deposition Chromium Nitride coating commercially available from Phygen, Inc, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- the lubricating films 40 and/or 50 are coupled to an expansion surface 12a fabricated from DC53 steel, new cold die steel, commercially available from Daido Steel Co. in Japan and/or International Steel Co., in Florence, Kentucky.
- the surface texture of at least a portion of one or more of the expansion surfaces 12a and/or one or more of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 and/or 240 is provided by polishing a surface roughness into the expansion surfaces and/or recesses using commercially available methods and apparatus available from REM Chemicals, in Brenham, Texas.
- the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 include various environmentally friendly lubricant materials commercially available from Oleon, Inc. in Belgium and/or as lubricant materials # 2633-179 - 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 from Houghton International, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
- the lubricant materials 22 and/or 32 include Radiagreen erne salt.
- a lubricating film 300 is coupled to at least a portion of the textured expansion surface.
- at least a portion of the interior surface 16a of the tubular member 16 includes a lubricating film 302, and an annulus 304 defined between the expansion device 12 and the tubular member 16 includes a lubricant material 306.
- the lubricating film 300 is harder and more resistant to abrasion than the lubricating film 302.
- the use of a textured expansion surface 12a, the lubricating film 300, the lubricating film 302, and the lubricant film 306 during the operation of the apparatus 10 provided a friction coefficient less than about 0.02.
- the textured expansion surface 12a is provided using one or more of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 and/or 240 described above and/or by texturing the expansion surface 12a.
- the expansion surface 12a is fabricated from a DC53 tool steel, commercially available from Daido Steel in Japan, the texturing of the expansion surface 12a is provided by polishing the expansion surface using the commercially available products and services of REM Chemicals in Brenham, Texas
- the lubricating film 300 includes a hard film Phygen 2, physical vapor deposition Chromium Nitride coating, commercially available from Phygen, Inc., in Minneapolis, MN
- the lubricating film 302 includes a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based soft film coating, commercially available as a Brighton 9075 coating from Brighton Laboratories, in Howell, Michigan
- the lubricant material 306 includes a commercially available lubricant from Houghton International, in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
- the surface texture of the expansion surface 12a and/or one or more of the recesses 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 and/or 240 is characterized by one or more of the following parameters: R a , R q , R S k, Rku > Rp, Rv, Rt, Rpm, Rvm, Rz, Rpk, R k , Rvk, r1 , M r2 , Rpk/Rk, R V k/R k , R pk /Rvk, X Slope R q , Y Slope R q , NVOL, and/or SAI.
- the measurement of these parameters is provided using the commercially available services of Michigan Metrology LLC in Livonia, Michigan.
- R a refers to the arithmetic average of the absolute values of the surface height deviations measured from the best fitting plane, cylinder or sphere. Ra is described by:
- R q refers to the RMS (Standard Deviation) or "first moment" of the height distribution, as described by:
- R sk refers to the skew or 'second moment" of the height distribution., as described by:
- R ku refers to the "kurtosis" or the "third moment" of the height distribution, described by:
- R * R; ⁇ l J U J * z( ⁇ ' y >T d ⁇ 4 y
- R p , R v , and R t are parameters evaluated from the absolute highest and lowest points found on the surface.
- R p is the height of the highest point
- R v is the depth of the lowest point
- R t is found from Rp - Rv.
- the R pm , R vm , and R 2 parameters are evaluated from an average of the heights and depths of the extreme peaks and valleys.
- R pm is found by averaging the heights of the ten (10) highest peaks found over the complete 3D image.
- R vm is found by averaging the depths of the ten (10) lowest valleys found over the complete 3D image.
- R z is then found by (R P m-Rvm)- [0093]
- the parameters Rpk, Rk, Rvk, Mr1, and Mr2 are all derived from the bearing ratio curve based on the DIN 4776 standard, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the bearing area curve is a measure of the relative cross-sectional area a plane passing through the measured surface, from the highest peak to the lowest valley, would encounter.
- R pk is a measure of the peak height above the nominal/core roughness.
- R k is a measure of the nominal or "core" roughness ("peak to valley") of the surface.
- R vk . is a measure of the valley depth below the nominal /core roughness.
- M r ⁇ the peak material ratio
- M r2 is a measure of the valley material ratio, with (100%-M r2 ) representing the percentage of material that comprise the valley structures associated with R vk .
- RpiJRk, V k, R P k Rvk the ratios of the various bearing ratio parameters may be helpful in further understanding the nature of a particular surface texture.
- two surfaces with indistinguishable average roughness may be easily distinguished by the ratio such as R Pk /R k -
- R Pk /R k the ratio such as R Pk /R k -
- X Slope R q , Y Slope R q The parameters X Slope R q and Y Slope R q are found by calculating the Standard Deviation (i.e. RMS or R q ) of the slopes of the surface along the X and Y directions respectively. The slope is found by taking the derivative of the surface profiles along each direction, using the lateral resolution of the measurement area as the point spacing. Analytically, X Slope R q and Y Slope R q are given by:
- brackets, ⁇ > represent the average value of all slopes in the relevant direction
- NVOL The Normalized Volume (NVOL) of the surface is found by calculating the volume contained by the surface and a "plane" that is placed near the top of the surface. The placement of the reference plane is typically done on a statistical basis to assure that the very high peak locations are not used as the reference point for the plane. Once the volume is calculated (e.g. in units of cm 3 ), the result is "normalized” to the cross sectional area of the plane (i.e. units of m 2 ). Other units of NVOL are BCM, which is an acronym for "Billions of Cubic Microns per Inch Squared".
- SAI Surface Area Index
- one or more of the parameters R a , R q , R S k, ku, Rp, Rv, Rt, Rpm, Rvm, Rz, Rpk, Rk, Rvk, M r ⁇ , M r2 , R p k/Rk, vk/Rk, pk/R k, X Slope R q , Y Slope R q , NVOL, and/or SAI described above are defined as described at the following website: http://www.michmet.com, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- an apparatus 10 having an expansion device 12 including an expansion surface 12a fabricated from conventional D2 steel was operated to expand a plurality of tubular members 16 fabricated from low carbon steel using a water base mud media as a lubricating material.
- Fig. 31a is top view of a portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- Fig. 31b is a magnified perspective view of the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- Fig. 31a is top view of a portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- FIG. 31c is a graphical illustration of the surface profile of a sliced portion of the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- Fig. 31d is a graphical and tabular illustration of the bearing ratio, R a , R z , R pk , R k , R vk , Sty X Pc (X Slope R q ), Sty Y Pc (Y Slope R q ), and NVOL for the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- the exemplary implementation had the following characteristics:
- the forces required to overcome friction during the operation of the apparatus 10 were about 45% of all the expansion forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 and the coefficient of friction for the interface between the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device 12 and the interior surface 16a of the tubular member was about 0.125.
- the expansion surface 12a was surface polished using the services of REM Chemicals in Brenham, Texas and a lubricating film including a Chromium Nitride coating, available from Phygen, Inc., in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was coupled to the expansion surface.
- Fig. 32a is top view of a portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- 32b is a magnified perspective view of the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- Fig. 32c is a graphical illustration of the surface profile of a sliced portion of the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- FIG. 32d is a graphical and tabular illustration of the bearing ratio, R a , R z , R pk , R k , R vk , Sty X Pc (X Slope R q ), Sty Y Pc (Y Slope Rq), and NVOL for the portion of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 of the apparatus after repeated radial expansions and plastic deformations of the tubular members 16 using the apparatus 10.
- the exemplary implementation had the following characteristics:
- the forces required to overcome friction during the operation of the apparatus 10 were between about 30% to 8% of all the expansion forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member 16 and the coefficient of friction for the interface between the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device 12 and the interior surface 16a of the tubular member was about 0.06.
- the bearing ratio of the expansion surface 12a of the expansion device 12 was greater than 75% on 60% of the R z surface roughness.
- the bearing ratio for the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs. 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d had much less variation in value that the bearing ratio for the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs. 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31 d.
- the bearing ratio varies less than about 15% across the expansion surface 12a.
- the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs. 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d provided a bearing ratio about double that of the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs.
- the percentage of the material supporting a load on the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs. 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d was about 80% in comparison to about 37% for the exemplary implementation illustrated in Figs. 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31 d.
- the preferred surface texture of the exemplary implementation of Figs. 32a, 32b, 32c, and 32d, a plateau-like surface with relatively deep recesses, is provided by laser dimpling the expansion surface 12a.
- the apparatus 10 provides a tribological system 330 including the expansion device 12, the tubular member 16, and one or more lubricating elements 332 such as, for example, those elements described above for reducing friction between the expansion surfaces 12a of the expansion device and the tubular member during the operation of the apparatus 10.
- the system 330 is designed and operated to minimize the friction between the expansion device 12 and the tubular member 16.
- An expansion cone for radially expanding multiple tubular members has been described that includes a body having an annular outer peripheral surface, and at least a portion of the surface being textured with friction reducing reliefs recessed into the surface.
- the surface includes a knurled surface.
- the surface includes a laser dimpled surface.
- the surface includes a pitted and sprayed surface.
- the body includes the pitted surface formed of a first material, the pitted surface being sprayed with a second friction reducing material and the sprayed surface being partially removed sufficient to expose some of the first and second materials.
- the surface includes an etched surface.
- a method for radially expanding a tubular member includes providing a tubular member having an inside diameter, providing an expansion cone having an annular outer peripheral surface including a diameter greater than the inside diameter of the tubular member, texturing the outer peripheral surface with friction reducing reliefs recessed into the surface, and moving the expansion cone axially through the tubular member for radially expanding and plastically deforming the tubular member.
- the surface includes a knurled surface.
- the surface includes a laser dimpled surface.
- the surface includes a pitted and sprayed surface.
- the method further includes pitting the outer peripheral surface, spraying the surface, and grinding the surface to expose both an original portion of the surface and a sprayed portion of the surface.
- the surface includes an etched surface.
- a reduced friction radial expansion apparatus has been described that includes a plurality of tubular members having an axial passage formed therethrough including an inside diameter, an expansion cone having an annular outer peripheral surface including an outside diameter greater than the inside diameter of the axial passage, and at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface being textured with friction reducing reliefs recessed into the surface.
- the surface includes a knurled surface.
- the surface includes a laser dimpled surface.
- the surface includes a pitted and sprayed surface.
- the cone includes a pitted surface formed of a first material, the pitted surface being sprayed with a second friction reducing material and the sprayed surface being partially removed sufficient to expose some of the first and second materials.
- the surface includes an etched surface.
- a low friction material includes deposited in the reliefs.
- the outer peripheral surface includes a flush surface including a combination of portions of material of the expansion cone and portions of a low friction material deposited in the reliefs.
- An apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member includes a support member, an expansion device coupled to an end of the support member comprising one or more expansion surfaces for engaging the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member, and a lubrication system for lubricating an interface between one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device and one or more interior surfaces of the tubular member.
- the lubrication system includes a supply of a lubricant, and an injector for injecting the lubricant into the interface.
- the supply of lubricant is provided within the expansion device.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces define one or more recesses, and one or more of the recesses are coupled to the injector.
- the lubrication system includes a lubricating film coupled to one or more of the expansion surfaces.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces define one or more recesses, and at least a portion of the lubricating film is deposited within one or more of the recesses.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device define one or more recesses.
- at least some of the recesses are identical to one another.
- at least some of the recesses are equally spaced from one another.
- a depth dimension of the recesses are non-uniform.
- at least some of the recesses intersect.
- the location of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- the geometry of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- a surface texture of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- the geometry of at least some of the recesses is linear. In an exemplary embodiment, the geometry of at least some of the recesses is nonlinear.
- the interface includes a leading edge portion and a trailing edge portion, and the lubrication system provides a higher lubrication concentration in at least one of the leading and trailing edge portions.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device define one or more recesses, and the apparatus further includes one or more lubricating ball bearings supported within at least one of the recesses.
- a lubrication concentration provided by the lubrication system is varied as a function of a rate of strain of the tubular member during an operation of the apparatus.
- the function includes a linear function.
- the function includes a non-linear function.
- the function includes a step function.
- a method for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member includes radially expanding and plastically deforming the tubular member using an expansion device comprising one or more expansion surfaces, and lubricating an interface between one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device and one or more interior surfaces of the tubular member.
- the method further includes injecting a supply of lubricant into the interface.
- the supply of lubricant is provided within the expansion device.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces define one or more recesses, and the method further comprises injecting the supply of lubricant into one or more of the recesses.
- the method further includes coupling a lubricating film to one or more of the expansion surfaces.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces define one or more recesses, and at least a portion of the lubricating film is coupled to one or more of the recesses.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device define one or more recesses.
- at least some of the recesses are identical to one another.
- at least some of the recesses are equally spaced from one another.
- a depth dimension of the recesses are non-uniform.
- at least some of the recesses intersect.
- the location of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- the geometry of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- a surface texture of at least some of the recesses is randomly distributed.
- the geometry of at least some of the recesses is linear.
- the geometry of at least some of the recesses is non-linear.
- the interface includes a leading edge portion and a trailing edge portion, and the method further includes providing a higher lubrication concentration in at least one of the leading and trailing edge portions.
- one or more of the expansion surfaces of the expansion device define one or more recesses, and the method further comprises forming one or more lubricating ball bearings within at least one of the recesses.
- the method further includes varying a lubrication concentration as a function of a rate of strain of the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member.
- the function includes a linear function, a non-linear function, and/or a step function.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for supplying a quantity of a lubricant material, and means for injecting at least a portion of the lubricant material into the interface.
- the system further includes means for varying the concentration of the lubricant material within the interface.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining a rate of strain of the tubular member during an operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of the determined rate of strain.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining one or more characteristics of the interface during an operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining a rate of strain of the tubular member during an operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of the determined rate of strain.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining one or more characteristics of the interface during an operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a method of operating a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes determining one or more characteristics of the operation of the expansion device, and varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion of the tubular member by the expansion device includes means for determining one or more characteristics of the operation of the expansion device, and means for varying a concentration of a lubricant material within the interface during the operation of the expansion device as a function of one or more of the determined characteristics.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, a first lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, a second lubricating film coupled to an interior surface of the tubular member, and a lubricating material disposed within an annulus defined between the expansion surface of the expansion device and the interior surface of the tubular member.
- a resistance to abrasion of the first lubricating film is greater than a resistance to abrasion of the second lubricating film.
- the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 60.205 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 1.99 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R a for the expansion surface is about 60.205 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is about 1.99 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm.
- the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm and greater than or equal to 60.205 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm and greater than or equal to 1.99 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the expansion surface includes a plateau-like surface that defines one or more relatively deep recesses. In an exemplary embodiment, the first lubricating film includes chromium nitride. In an exemplary embodiment, the second lubricating film includes PTFE. In an exemplary embodiment, the expansion surface includes DC53 tool steel. In an exemplary embodiment, the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.125.
- the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.125. In an exemplary embodiment, the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.06. In an exemplary embodiment, the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.06.
- the expansion surface includes a polished surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to 45% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 45% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to 8% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 8% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- the bearing ratio of the expansion surface varies less than about 15%. In an exemplary embodiment, the bearing ratio of the expansion surface of the expansion device is greater than 75% on 60% of the R z surface roughness.
- a method of lubricating an interface between an expansion surface of an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member includes texturing the expansion surface, coupling a first lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, coupling a second lubricating film to an interior surface of the tubular member, and disposing a lubricating material within an annulus defined between the expansion surface of the expansion device and the interior surface of the tubular member.
- a resistance to abrasion of the first lubricating film is greater than a resistance to abrasion of the second lubricating film.
- the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 60.205 nm.
- the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 1.99 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R a for the expansion surface is about 60.205 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is about 1.99 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm. In an exemplary embodiment, the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm and greater than or equal to 60.205 nm.
- the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm and greater than or equal to 1.99 nm.
- the expansion surface includes a plateau-like surface that defines one or more relatively deep recesses.
- the first lubricating film includes chromium nitride.
- the second lubricating film includes PTFE.
- the expansion surface includes DC53 tool steel.
- the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.125. In an exemplary embodiment, the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.125. In an exemplary embodiment, the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.06.
- the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.06.
- the expansion surface includes a polished surface.
- the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to 45% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 45% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to 8% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member. In an exemplary embodiment, the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 8% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- the bearing ratio of the expansion surface varies less than about 15%. In an exemplary embodiment, the bearing ratio of the expansion surface of the expansion device is greater than 75% on 60% of the R z surface roughness.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member has been described in which the amount of energy required to overcome frictional forces during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 45% of the total amount of energy required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member includes an expansion device, wherein the coefficient of friction between the expansion device and the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 0.125.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member has been described in which the amount of energy required to overcome frictional forces during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 8% of the total amount of energy required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- a system for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member has been described that includes an expansion device, wherein the coefficient of friction between the expansion device and the tubular member during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member is less than or equal to 0.06.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, a first lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, and a second lubricating film coupled to an interior surface of the tubular member, wherein a resistance to abrasion of the first lubricating film is greater than a resistance to abrasion of the second lubricating film.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 60.205 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 1.99 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R a for the expansion surface is about 60.205 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R z for the expansion surface is about 1.99 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R a for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 277.930 nm and greater than or equal to 60.205 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the R z for the expansion surface is less than or equal to 3.13 nm and greater than or equal to 1.99 nm.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the expansion surface comprises a plateau-like surface that defines one or more relatively deep recesses.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, and a lubricating film coupled to the expansion surface, wherein the first lubricating film includes chromium nitride.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, and a lubricating film coupled to an interior surface of the tubular member, wherein the lubricating film includes PTFE.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion device defining a surface texture, wherein the expansion surface comprises DC53 tool steel.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.125.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.125.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than or equal to 0.06.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the coefficient of friction for the interface is less than 0.06.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the expansion surface comprises a polished surface.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 45% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than or equal to
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the forces required to overcome friction during the radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member are less than 8% of the total forces required to radially expand and plastically deform the tubular member.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the bearing ratio of the expansion surface varies less than about 15%.
- a tribological system for lubricating an interface between an expansion device and a tubular member during a radial expansion and plastic deformation of the tubular member has been described that includes an expansion surface coupled to the expansion, wherein the bearing ratio of the expansion surface of the expansion device is greater than 75% on 60% of the R z surface roughness.
- the teachings of the present illustrative embodiments may be used to provide a wellbore casing, a pipeline, or a structural support.
- the elements and teachings of the various illustrative embodiments may be combined in whole or in part in some or all of the illustrative embodiments.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB0517448A GB2415215B (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2004-01-26 | Lubrication system for radially expanding tubular members |
JP2006503031A JP2006517011A (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2004-01-26 | Lubrication system for radial expansion of tubular members |
CA002514553A CA2514553A1 (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2004-01-26 | Lubrication system for radially expanding tubular members |
US10/543,364 US7503393B2 (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2004-01-26 | Lubrication system for radially expanding tubular members |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US44293803P | 2003-01-27 | 2003-01-27 | |
US60/442,938 | 2003-01-27 |
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US (1) | US7503393B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006517011A (en) |
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GB2436115A (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2007-09-19 | Enventure Global Technology | A tubular expansion device with lubricating coatings |
US7384981B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2008-06-10 | N.V. Nutricia | Preparation for improving the action of receptors |
US7665532B2 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2010-02-23 | Shell Oil Company | Pipeline |
US7712522B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-05-11 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expansion cone and system |
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US7191841B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2007-03-20 | Hydril Company L.P. | Expansion pig |
-
2004
- 2004-01-26 JP JP2006503031A patent/JP2006517011A/en active Pending
- 2004-01-26 GB GB0614415A patent/GB2427636B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-26 WO PCT/US2004/002122 patent/WO2004067961A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-01-26 US US10/543,364 patent/US7503393B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-26 GB GB0517448A patent/GB2415215B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-26 GB GB0701860A patent/GB2433281B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-26 CA CA002514553A patent/CA2514553A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6557640B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-05-06 | Shell Oil Company | Lubrication and self-cleaning system for expansion mandrel |
US6568471B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2003-05-27 | Shell Oil Company | Liner hanger |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7665532B2 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2010-02-23 | Shell Oil Company | Pipeline |
US7384981B2 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2008-06-10 | N.V. Nutricia | Preparation for improving the action of receptors |
US7740076B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2010-06-22 | Enventure Global Technology, L.L.C. | Protective sleeve for threaded connections for expandable liner hanger |
US7918284B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2011-04-05 | Enventure Global Technology, L.L.C. | Protective sleeve for threaded connections for expandable liner hanger |
US7739917B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2010-06-22 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Pipe formability evaluation for expandable tubulars |
US7886831B2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2011-02-15 | Enventure Global Technology, L.L.C. | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
US7793721B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2010-09-14 | Eventure Global Technology, Llc | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
US7775290B2 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2010-08-17 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
GB2436115A (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2007-09-19 | Enventure Global Technology | A tubular expansion device with lubricating coatings |
US7712522B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-05-11 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expansion cone and system |
US7819185B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2010-10-26 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expandable tubular |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2427636A (en) | 2007-01-03 |
GB0517448D0 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
GB2433281B (en) | 2007-08-01 |
GB2415215A (en) | 2005-12-21 |
JP2006517011A (en) | 2006-07-13 |
CA2514553A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
GB2433281A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
GB0614415D0 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
WO2004067961B1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
US20060219414A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
GB0701860D0 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
US7503393B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
GB2415215B (en) | 2007-05-23 |
WO2004067961A3 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
GB2427636B (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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