WO2004101138A1 - Device for carrying out processes of chemical synthesis with independent modularisation with regard to the quantitative capacity and the number of possible process steps - Google Patents

Device for carrying out processes of chemical synthesis with independent modularisation with regard to the quantitative capacity and the number of possible process steps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004101138A1
WO2004101138A1 PCT/EP2004/005230 EP2004005230W WO2004101138A1 WO 2004101138 A1 WO2004101138 A1 WO 2004101138A1 EP 2004005230 W EP2004005230 W EP 2004005230W WO 2004101138 A1 WO2004101138 A1 WO 2004101138A1
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Prior art keywords
plates
process module
process modules
modules
dimension
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PCT/EP2004/005230
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Steffen Schirrmeister
Rüdiger Schütte
Johannes Albrecht
Frank Becker
Georg Markowz
Johannes Ehrlich
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Uhde Gmbh
Degussa Ag
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Publication of WO2004101138A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004101138A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00801—Means to assemble
    • B01J2219/0081—Plurality of modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/2453—Plates arranged in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
    • B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
    • B01J2219/2491—Other constructional details
    • B01J2219/2492—Assembling means
    • B01J2219/2496—Means for assembling modules together, e.g. casings, holders, fluidic connectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device which is modular in terms of the type and number of basic procedural operations and in terms of production capacity. At least one of the basic procedural operations required for the overall process takes place in each process module, with each process module itself being modular. The individual process modules or process steps are connected to each other directly and without additional piping.
  • the task arises to provide a device for carrying out chemical gas or liquid phase reactions which enables a compact and largely deflection-free combination of different basic procedural operations, which is variable with respect to the production quantity and is suitable for production on a ton scale.
  • the invention further discloses that ideally the transitions between the individual process modules are directly connected without additional piping.
  • the basic procedural operations which are carried out in the individual process modules include mixing, reaction, material separation, phase transition or heat transfer, it being possible for several basic operations to run simultaneously in one process module.
  • the modular structure of the individual process modules is advantageously carried out in plate construction, so that the capacity of each or more process modules or the complete device can be varied as desired by changing the number of plates. If the number of plates in the individual process modules is increased, the required flow cross-section is also made available, or the cross-section of holes for material feed lines in the outer plates can be adapted to the changed requirements without having to change the existing plates structurally.
  • the plates are connected to one another by means of systems known from the prior art, such as, for example, internal anchors or anchor plates screwed from the outside.
  • the connections between the process modules are also realized by means of known devices, such as frames in the manner of coupling flanges or by means of screw connections provided on the plates.
  • connection systems for the plates which are comparable to a tongue and groove system compatible with the plates of at least one subsequent Process module are designed so that the plates at the inlet or outlet can be sealed gas and liquid-tight against the environment.
  • variations in the basic operations and the capacity in the device according to the invention are independent of one another.
  • the device increases or decreases in length or height, and when the capacity is varied, the device increases or decreases in width or depth by adding or removing, for example, plate layers.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment variant is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the process shown consists of four process modules 1 to 4.
  • the educt stream 5 enters the evaporator 1 in the Z direction from below, which is composed of a number N plus X plates or layers.
  • a mixer In the directly adjoining process module 2, a mixer, the gaseous educt 5 is mixed with an educt 7 supplied via the conduit 6.
  • the material flow enters the process module 3, which is a reactor for heterogeneous catalytic reactions and is composed of N plus Y plates.
  • the subsequent process module 4 is also a reaction module, the product 9 being fed into each of the N plus Y plates via the conduit 8.
  • the product 10 leaves the device in the Z direction.
  • the device grows with a variation of the process steps in the Z direction and with a variation in the capacitance in the Y direction.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for carrying out chemical syntheses in tonnes, which has a modular configuration with regard to the type and number of fundamental technical operations and the production capacity. At least one of the fundamental technical operations required for the total process runs in each process module, which contains microstructures, and each process module has a modular configuration. The individual process modules or process steps are thus directly interconnected without the use of additional conduits.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Durchführung chemischer Syntheseprozesse mit unabhängiger Modularisierung bezüglich der mengenmäßigen Kapazität und der Anzahl möglicher ProzessschritteDevice for carrying out chemical synthesis processes with independent modularization with regard to the quantitative capacity and the number of possible process steps
[001] Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung, die bezüglich der Art und Anzahl der verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen und bezüglich der Produktionskapazität modular aufgebaut ist. Hierbei läuft in jedem Prozessmodul mindestens eine der für den Gesamtprozess erforderlichen verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen ab, wobei jedes Prozessmodul seinerseits modular aufgebaut ist. Die einzelnen Prozessmodule oder Prozessschritte sind dabei direkt und ohne zusätzliche Rohrleitungen miteinander verbunden.The invention relates to a device which is modular in terms of the type and number of basic procedural operations and in terms of production capacity. At least one of the basic procedural operations required for the overall process takes place in each process module, with each process module itself being modular. The individual process modules or process steps are connected to each other directly and without additional piping.
[002] Aus dem Stand der Technik sind modular aufgebaute Mikroreaktoren weitreichend und vielfältig beschrieben.From the prior art, modular microreactors are described extensively and in many different ways.
[003] Wie in US 5,534,328, EP 0861 802 oder US 2002/0106311 gezeigt, ist es bekannt, in einer baulichen Einheit, einen Mikroprozess für chemische Gas- oder Flüssigphasenreaktio- nen aus diversen chemischen Grundoperationen durch plattenweise Hintereinanderschaltung zu erzeugen und somit kompakte und multiplizierbare Prozessfolgen zu generieren. Durch eine Parallelschaltung derartiger mikrostrukturierter Reaktoren sind im Prinzip beliebige Kapazitäten darstellbar, ohne ein Skale-Up des eigentlichen Prozesses durchführen zu müssen. Nachteilig an dieser Art des "Numbering-Up" ist, dass eine recht aufwändige Verrohrung der einzelnen Mikroreaktoren sowie eine entsprechend aufwändige Prozesssteuerung vorgenommen werden muss, um für jeden Einzelreaktor die selben Randbedingungen sicherzustellen. Eine einfache Vervielfältigung der Platten zur Kapazitätssteigerung des beispielsweise in US 5,534,328 beschriebenen Reaktors verbietet sich, da keine Möglichkeit besteht, ohne erheblichen baulichen Aufwand, die Strömungsquerschnitte der Zuleitungen für stark veränderte Stoffmengen zur Verfügung zu stellen.[003] As shown in US 5,534,328, EP 0861 802 or US 2002/0106311, it is known in a structural unit to generate a microprocess for chemical gas or liquid phase reactions from various basic chemical operations by plate-by-line connection and thus compact and generate multiplicable process sequences. In principle, any capacities can be represented by connecting such microstructured reactors in parallel without having to scale up the actual process. A disadvantage of this type of "numbering-up" is that the piping of the individual microreactors and the process control must be very complex in order to ensure the same boundary conditions for each individual reactor. A simple duplication of the plates to increase the capacity of the reactor described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,534,328 is out of the question since there is no possibility of making the flow cross sections of the feed lines available for greatly changed amounts of material without considerable constructional effort.
[004] Wie in DE 10042746 oder EP 0903 174 gezeigt, ist weiterhin aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, dass bei plattenförmigen und mirkorstrukturierten Reaktoren durch eine Vervielfältigung der Schichten oder Platten eine im Prinzip beliebige Kapazitätserhöhung bezüglich einer einzelnen Grundoperation möglich ist. Dieses "Numbering-Up" für mikrostrukturierte Wärmetauscher ist bereits seit längerem bekannt und in vielen Veröffentlichungen beschrieben. Nachteilig an diesen Systemen ist, dass die Mikroreaktoren jeweils nur einen einzelnen Prozessschritt umfassen und nach diesem Prozessschritt das Produkt bzw. Zwischenprodukt in einer Sammeleinheit gesammelt, in eine oder mehrere Rohrleitungen überführt und der nächsten Prozessstufe zugeführt wird, wobei die Sammeleinheiten und die Rohrleitungen für ein definiertes oder zumindest begrenztes Stoffvolumen dimensioniert sind. Damit ist eine Kapazitätsveränderung des Gesamtprozesses nur mit erheblichem Auf- wand verbunden, da die Geometrien der Sammel- und Verbindungselemente verändert werden müssen.As shown in DE 10042746 or EP 0903 174, it is also known from the prior art that in plate-shaped and microstructured reactors, by multiplying the layers or plates, an increase in capacity in principle with respect to a single basic operation is possible in principle. This "numbering-up" for microstructured heat exchangers has been known for a long time and has been described in many publications. A disadvantage of these systems is that the microreactors each comprise only a single process step and after this process step the product or intermediate product is collected in a collection unit, transferred to one or more pipelines and fed to the next process stage, the collection units and the pipelines for one defined or at least limited substance volume are dimensioned. A change in capacity of the overall process is therefore only possible with considerable Wall connected because the geometries of the collection and connection elements must be changed.
[005] Aus den vorgenannten Ausführungen den Stand der Technik beschreibend, ergibt sich die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung chemischer Gas- oder Flüssigphasenreakti- onen bereitzustellen, die eine kompakte und weitestgehend umlenkungsfreie Kombination unterschiedlicher verfahrenstechnischer Grundoperationen ermöglicht, welche variabel in Bezug auf die Produktionsmenge und geeignet für die Produktion im Tonnenmaßstab ist.Describing the state of the art from the aforementioned statements, the task arises to provide a device for carrying out chemical gas or liquid phase reactions which enables a compact and largely deflection-free combination of different basic procedural operations, which is variable with respect to the production quantity and is suitable for production on a ton scale.
[006] Dies wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gemäß dem Hauptanspruch derart gelöst, dass eine Vorrichtung bereitgestellt wird, die bezüglich der Art und Anzahl der verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen und bezüglich der Produktionskapazität modular aufgebaut ist. Hierbei läuft in jedem Prozessmodul mindestens eine der erforderlichen verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen ab, wobei jedes Prozessmodul seinerseits modular aufgebaut ist.This is achieved with the present invention according to the main claim in such a way that a device is provided which is modular in terms of the type and number of basic procedural operations and in terms of production capacity. At least one of the necessary procedural basic operations takes place in each process module, with each process module itself being modular.
[007] Von der Erfindung wird weiterhin offenbart, dass idealerweise die Übergänge zwischen den einzelnen Prozessmodulen ohne zusätzliche Rohrleitungen direkt verbunden sind.The invention further discloses that ideally the transitions between the individual process modules are directly connected without additional piping.
[008] Die verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen, welche in den einzelnen Prozessmodulen durchgeführt werden, sind unter anderem Mischung, Reaktion, Stofftrennung, Phasenübergang oder Wärmetransport, wobei gegebenenfalls in einem Prozessmodul auch mehrere Grundoperationen gleichzeitig ablaufen können.[008] The basic procedural operations which are carried out in the individual process modules include mixing, reaction, material separation, phase transition or heat transfer, it being possible for several basic operations to run simultaneously in one process module.
[009] Der modulare Aufbau der einzelnen Prozessmodule geschieht dabei vorteilhafterweise in Plattenbauweise, so dass die Kapazität jedes oder mehrerer Prozessmodule oder der kompletten Vorrichtung durch eine Veränderung der Plattenanzahl beliebig variiert werden kann. Somit wird bei einer Erhöhung der Plattenzahl in den einzelnen Prozessmodulen auch der erforderliche Strömungsquerschnitt zur Verfügung gestellt, beziehungsweise kann der Querschnitt von Bohrungen für Stoffzuleitungen in den äußeren Platten den veränderten Anforderungen angepasst werden, ohne die bereits vorhandenen Platten baulich verändern zu müssen.The modular structure of the individual process modules is advantageously carried out in plate construction, so that the capacity of each or more process modules or the complete device can be varied as desired by changing the number of plates. If the number of plates in the individual process modules is increased, the required flow cross-section is also made available, or the cross-section of holes for material feed lines in the outer plates can be adapted to the changed requirements without having to change the existing plates structurally.
[010] Die Verbindung der Platten untereinander geschieht mittels aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Systeme, wie beispielsweise innen liegende Anker oder von außen ver- schraubter Ankerplatten. Die Verbindungen der Prozessmodule untereinander sind ebenfalls mittels bekannter Vorrichtungen, wie beispielsweise Rahmen in der Art von Überwurfflanschen oder mittels an den Platten vorgesehener Verschraubungen, realisiert.The plates are connected to one another by means of systems known from the prior art, such as, for example, internal anchors or anchor plates screwed from the outside. The connections between the process modules are also realized by means of known devices, such as frames in the manner of coupling flanges or by means of screw connections provided on the plates.
[011] Weiterhin offenbart die Erfindung Verbindungssysteme für die Platten, welche vergleichbar einem Nut- und Federsystem kompatibel zu den Platten mindestens eines nachfol- genden Prozessmoduls gestaltet sind, so dass die Platten am Ein- oder Auslass gegen die Umgebung gas- und füssigkeitsdicht abgeschlossen werden können.[011] Furthermore, the invention discloses connection systems for the plates, which are comparable to a tongue and groove system compatible with the plates of at least one subsequent Process module are designed so that the plates at the inlet or outlet can be sealed gas and liquid-tight against the environment.
[012] Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass die einzelnen Prozessmodule für einen großtechnischen Einsatz bezüglich des Hauptprozessstroms vorteilhafterweise alle parallel und wei- testgehend gleichgerichtet durchströmt werden sollten, wobei idealerweise beim Übergang von einem Prozessmodul zum nachfolgenden Prozessmodul keine Umlenkungen erfolgt.It has been found that the individual process modules for large-scale use with respect to the main process stream should advantageously all be flowed through in parallel and largely in the same direction, ideally there being no diversions during the transition from one process module to the next process module.
[013] Somit sind Variationen der Grundoperationen und der Kapazität bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung unabhängig voneinander. Bei einer Umstellung der Grundoperationen wächst oder verringert sich die Vorrichtung in der Länge beziehungsweise in der Höhe, und bei der Variation der Kapazität wächst oder verringert sich die Vorrichtung in der Breite beziehungsweise in der Tiefe durch das Hinzufügen oder Entnehmen von beispielsweise Plattenlagen.[013] Thus, variations in the basic operations and the capacity in the device according to the invention are independent of one another. When the basic operations are changed, the device increases or decreases in length or height, and when the capacity is varied, the device increases or decreases in width or depth by adding or removing, for example, plate layers.
[014] In der Zeichnung ist in Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsvariante gezeigt. Der dargestellte Pro- zess bestehend aus vier Prozessmodulen 1 bis 4. Der Eduktstrom 5 tritt in Z-Richtung von unten in den Verdampfer 1 ein, welcher aus einer Anzahl N plus X Platten oder Schichten aufgebaut ist. In dem sich direkt anschließenden Prozessmodul 2, einem Mischer, wird das gasförmige Edukt 5 mit einem über den Leitungsweg 6 zugeführten Edukt 7 gemischt. Nach dem Mischer 2 tritt der Stoffstrom in das Prozessmodul 3 ein, welches ein Reaktor für hete- rogen-katalytische Reaktionen ist und aus N plus Y Platten aufgebaut ist. Das nachfolgende Prozessmodul 4 ist ebenfalls ein Reaktionsmodul, wobei über den Leitungsweg 8 das E- dukt 9 in jede der N plus Y Platten zugeführt wird. Das Produkt 10 verlässt die Vorrichtung in Z-Richtung.[014] In the drawing, an embodiment variant is shown in FIG. 1. The process shown consists of four process modules 1 to 4. The educt stream 5 enters the evaporator 1 in the Z direction from below, which is composed of a number N plus X plates or layers. In the directly adjoining process module 2, a mixer, the gaseous educt 5 is mixed with an educt 7 supplied via the conduit 6. After the mixer 2, the material flow enters the process module 3, which is a reactor for heterogeneous catalytic reactions and is composed of N plus Y plates. The subsequent process module 4 is also a reaction module, the product 9 being fed into each of the N plus Y plates via the conduit 8. The product 10 leaves the device in the Z direction.
[015] Wie deutlich zu erkennen, wächst die Vorrichtung bei einer Variation der Prozessschritte in Z-Richtung und bei einer Variation bezüglich der Kapazität in Y-Richtung. As can be clearly seen, the device grows with a variation of the process steps in the Z direction and with a variation in the capacitance in the Y direction.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur großtechnischen Durchführung chemischer Syntheseprozesse im Tonnenmaßstab, bestehend aus mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Prozessmodulen, wobei jedes Prozessmodul zur Durchführung mindestens einer verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen dient, und jedes dieser Prozessmodule mindestens teilweise aus mikrostrukturierten Komponenten gebildet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung in zwei räumlichen Dimensionen modular aufgebaut ist, wobei a) die erste Dimension in der Länge beziehungsweise in der Höhe besteht und durch die Aneinanderreihung der einzelnen und vorzugsweise unterschiedlicher Prozessmodule gebildet wird, welche ohne Rohrleitungen direkt miteinander verbunden sind, b) und die zweite Dimension im Wesentlichen vertikal zur ersten Dimension steht und durch die Platten- oder Schichtanzahl der einzelnen Prozessmodule ausgebildet wird, wobei die Platten- oder Schichtanzahl zur Variation der Produktionskapazität beliebig verringert oder erhöht werden kann.1.Device for the large-scale implementation of chemical synthesis processes on a ton scale, consisting of at least two different process modules, each process module being used to carry out at least one procedural basic operation, and each of these process modules being formed at least partially from microstructured components, characterized in that the device is in two spatial Dimensions is modular, where a) the first dimension is in length or height and is formed by stringing together the individual and preferably different process modules, which are directly connected to each other without piping, b) and the second dimension essentially vertically is the first dimension and is formed by the number of plates or layers of the individual process modules, the number of plates or layers being reduced or increased as desired to vary the production capacity can be.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Ein- und Auslasse mindestens einer Platten eines Prozessmoduls formschlüssig zu dem Ein- beziehungsweise Auslass von mindestens einer Platte einer angrenzenden Prozesstufe sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlets and outlets of at least one plate of a process module are form-fitting to the inlet or outlet of at least one plate of an adjacent process stage.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die formschlüssige Verbindung von Platten unterschiedlicher Prozessmodule wie Nut und Feder, Stempel und Matrix, Ringnut und Kranz oder vergleichbare Elemente ausgebildet sind.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the positive connection of plates of different process modules such as tongue and groove, punch and matrix, annular groove and ring or comparable elements are formed.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptproduktstrom beim Übergang von einem Prozessmodul in ein nachfolgendes Prozessmodul im Wesentlichen keine Umlenkung der Hauptströmungsrichtung erfährt.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the main product stream undergoes essentially no deflection of the main flow direction during the transition from a process module to a subsequent process module.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens teilweise zwischen zwei Prozessstufen ein- oder mehrteilige Übergangs- oder Distanzelemente vorgesehen sind. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one or more part transition or spacer elements are provided at least partially between two process stages.
PCT/EP2004/005230 2003-05-17 2004-05-14 Device for carrying out processes of chemical synthesis with independent modularisation with regard to the quantitative capacity and the number of possible process steps WO2004101138A1 (en)

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US9150494B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2015-10-06 Velocys, Inc. Process using microchannel technology for conducting alkylation or acylation reaction
US8383872B2 (en) 2004-11-16 2013-02-26 Velocys, Inc. Multiphase reaction process using microchannel technology
US9101890B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2015-08-11 Velocys, Inc. Support for use in microchannel processing
US7935734B2 (en) 2005-07-08 2011-05-03 Anna Lee Tonkovich Catalytic reaction process using microchannel technology
EP2617487A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-24 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Micro-reactor for catalytic reactions

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