WO2004101461A1 - Process for material treatment - Google Patents
Process for material treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004101461A1 WO2004101461A1 PCT/IB2004/050738 IB2004050738W WO2004101461A1 WO 2004101461 A1 WO2004101461 A1 WO 2004101461A1 IB 2004050738 W IB2004050738 W IB 2004050738W WO 2004101461 A1 WO2004101461 A1 WO 2004101461A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- siliceous material
- siliceous
- perlite
- heating
- reactor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005335 volcanic glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000045 chemical toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005306 natural glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
- C04B20/06—Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/001—Calcining
- B01J6/002—Calcining using rotating drums
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
- B01J2219/0286—Steel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for material treatment.
- the present invention relates to a process for treatment of siliceous materials.
- Perlite a naturally occurring siliceous volcanic glass
- the feature distinguishing perlite from other volcanic glasses is that when heated to a suitable point in its softening range, perlite expands from four to twenty times its original volume. This expansion process is due to the presence of two to six percent combined water in the crude perlite rock. When quickly heated to above 870 degrees Celsius, the crude rock pops in a manner similar to popcorn as the combined water vaporizes and creates countless tiny bubbles in the softened glassy particles. It is these tiny glass-sealed bubbles which are responsible for the amazing lightweight and other exceptional physical properties of expanded perlite.
- the expansion process also creates one of perlite's most distinguishing characteristics: its white color. While the crude perlite rock may range from transparent to light gray to glossy black, the color of expanded perlite ranges from snowy white to grayish white. Expanded perlite can be manufactured to weigh from 32 kg/m 3 to 240 kg/m 3 , making it adaptable for numerous uses, including filtration, horticultural applications, insulation, inert carriers and a multitude of filler applications. Since perlite is a form of natural glass, it is classified as chemically inert and has a pH of approximately 7. Diatomaceous earth is a siliceous deposit occurring as a whitish powder consisting essentially of the frustules of diatoms.
- Diatoms are microscopic sized hard shelled creatures found in both marine and fresh waters.
- the diatom shells, covered in sharp spines, are dangerous to exoskeletal insects, but not to animals with internal skeletons.
- the spines of the diatom skeletons pierce the soft body tissues of insects between their hard exoskeletal plates and it is through these numerous microscopic wounds that the insect loses bodily moisture to the point of desiccating and dying. Creatures with internal skeletons such as humans, cattle and pets have means of resisting such damage and are therefore not harmed.
- Diatomaceous earth works in a purely physical and not chemical manner and thus has no chemical toxicity.
- a process for material treatment includes the step of subjecting used siliceous material to heat to obtain treated siliceous material.
- the process may be used to recycle used siliceous material.
- material treatment apparatus for treating used siliceous material include heating means for heating used siliceous material to obtain treated siliceous material.
- siliceous material consists of a mixture of treated siliceous material and unused siliceous material.
- the unused siliceous material may be unused refined siliceous material.
- the used siliceous material may be substantially free of oil, wax, organic matter, residues from wine and fruit filtrations, and/or other filtration residues.
- the used siliceous material may include about 10-30 weight % moisture.
- the treated siliceous material may include about 0-4 weight % moisture.
- the used siliceous material may be pre-washed at least once with water and/or steam prior to the step of subjection to heat.
- the used siliceous material may include about 50-70 weight % wax and/or oil prior to the step of pre-washing.
- the used siliceous material may have been used for constructional, industrial, filtration and/or horticultural applications.
- the used siliceous material may be perlite and/or diatomaceous earth.
- the used siliceous material may be moist.
- Calcification and/or flash combustion of the siliceous material may take place.
- the used siliceous material may be screw fed to the process and/or be suspended.
- the step of heating may occur in a furnace dryer, CBR reactor, EBR reactor, fluidized bed reactor and/or other industrial dryers.
- the reactor(s) and/or dryer(s) and/or accessories may be made of stainless steel.
- the temperature of heating may be 600 to 850 degrees Celsius.
- Heat may be provided with a flame, burner, electrodes, coils and/or electrically operated heating devices. Means may be provided to prevent the siliceous material from contacting the flame.
- the siliceous material inside the reactor and/or dryer may be fed by means of rotation and/or gravity and/or a screw feeder and/or a vibrating hopper.
- Vapour may be released into the atmosphere.
- the duration of treatment of the siliceous material may be about 1 to 5 seconds.
- Chemicals may be used in the process.
- the invention also extends to any product obtained by means of the aforesaid process.
- Figure 1 a perspective view of a material treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 a photograph of a perlite particle measuring approximately 4mm in size
- Table 1 typical physical characteristics of raw perlite
- Table 4 chemical analysis of treated perlite
- Table 5 test results of experiment.
- material treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention, generally indicated by reference numeral 10, is shown.
- the material treatment apparatus 10 for treating used siliceous material includes a reactor/dryer 12, having a cylinder 14 and heating means (not shown).
- the reactor/dryer 12 is provided with an outer shell 16.
- the material treatment apparatus 10 is used for recycling siliceous material by heating used siliceous material to obtain treated siliceous material.
- the used siliceous material is perlite or diatomaceous earth and is generally moist.
- the used siliceous material is screw fed to the reactor/dryer 12 by means of a screw input 18.
- the reactor/dryer 12 is vertical. Normally a fluidized bed reactor is used in which the siliceous material is suspended. This facilitates the process of calcification or flash combustion of the siliceous material.
- the maximum temperature of heating is normally 850 degrees Celsius and the heat is provided with a flame (not shown).
- the siliceous material is suspended in the reactor/dryer 12 for a short period and then sucked out.
- the siliceous material inside the cylinder 14 is fed by means of rotation and/or gravity and vapour is released into the atmosphere.
- the duration of treatment of the siliceous material is about 1 to 5 seconds.
- Water in raw (unexpanded) perlite occurs two main forms, free water and combined water. Free water is simply wetness on the surface of the rock. It does little to effect the expansion process except to make handling more difficult and to consume energy otherwise needed for expansion. It is the existance of combined water that gives perlite its ability to expand and become what some have termed "the most versatile mineral in the world". The water has two effects: it lowers the softening point of the mineral, and it acts as the blowing agent which causes the molten rock to expand.
- Expansion of perlite requires very carefull delivery of heat and then removal of the particle from the heat zone.
- the particle must be heated quickly enough so that it becomes soft enough to expand before the water needed for expansion is driven off. This is most efficiently accomplished in specially designed furnaces which carry out the process in two or more stages and which include energy saving recuperation equipment.
- Table 1 exhibits the typical physical characteristics of perlite prior to industrial use.
- Table 2 exhibits the typical chemical characteristics of perlite prior to industrial use.
- Table 3 exhibits the physical characteristics of perlite after treatment in accordance with the invention.
- Table 4 exhibits the chemical characteristics of perlite after treatment in accordance with the invention.
- the process for material treatment in accordance with the invention thus enables recycling of perlite and diatomaceous earth for re-use in similar or other applications.
- a Sample of about 85 kg of contaminated perlite was used for these tests.
- a large feeder with an open flight screw was used, with only occasional bridging of the material.
- a flat bar clamped to the vibrating hopper of the feeder kept the material just above the screw in motion and allowed the tests to proceed.
- the resultant minimum feed rate that could be set was 27 kg/hr and was used for all tests.
- a series of four tests were performed at temperatures of 600, 700, 800 and 850°C using a solids feed rate of 27 kg/hr and in the same way.
- the reactor was brought up close to the temperature for the test, the feed was started and the inlet air temperature was adjusted to compensate for any net exotherm or net endotherm caused by the introduction of the solid feed and to bring the reactor temperature back to the test condition.
- the reactor was run for about 20 minutes to ensure steady state operation. A sample of the feed was then collected.
- perlite Due to the outstanding insulating characteristics and light weight, perlite is widely used as a loose-fill insulation in masonry construction. In this application, free- flowing perlite loose-fill masonry insulation is poured into the cavities of concrete block where it completely fills all cores, crevices, mortar areas and ear holes. In addition to providing thermal insulation, perlite enhances fire ratings, reduces noise transmission and it is rot, vermin and termite resistant perlite is also ideal for insulating low temperature and cryogenic vessels.
- perlite When perlite is used as an aggregate in concrete, a lightweight, fire resistant, insulating concrete is produced that is ideal for roof decks and other applications. Perlite can also be used as an aggregate in Portland cement and gypsum plasters for exterior applications and for the fire protection of beams and columns. Other construction applications include under-floor insulation, chimney linings, paint texturing, gypsum boards, ceiling tiles and roof insulation boards.
- perlite Industrial applications for perlite are the most diverse, ranging from high performance fillers for plastics to cements for petroleum, water and geothermal wells. Other applications include its use as a filter media for pharmaceuticals, food products, chemicals and water for municipal systems and swimming pools. Additional applications include its use as an abrasive in soaps, cleaners and polishes and a variety of foundry applications utilizing perlite's insulating properties and high heat resistance. This same heat resistant property is taken advantage of when perlite is used in the manufacture of refractory bricks, mortars, and pipe insulation.
- perlite In horticultural applications, perlite is used throughout the world as a component of soilless growing mixes where it provides aeration and optimum moisture retention for superior plant growth. For rooting cuttings, 100% perlite is used. Other benefits of horticultural perlite are its neutral pH and the fact that it is sterile and weed-free. In addition, its light weight makes it ideal for use in container growing.
- Horticultural perlite is as useful to the home gardener as it is to the commercial grower. It is used with equal success in greenhouse growing, landscaping applications and in the home in house plants.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/557,937 US20070059199A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Process for material treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA2003/3841 | 2003-05-19 | ||
ZA200303841 | 2003-05-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004101461A1 true WO2004101461A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
Family
ID=33453102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2004/050738 WO2004101461A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Process for material treatment |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070059199A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004101461A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200509308B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005116166A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-08 | Francois Jacques Labuschagne | Separating wax from siliceous materials |
CN104162301A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-26 | 傅国红 | Oil filter assembly and fuel oil warmer |
CN109072453A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2018-12-21 | 安加拉工业有限公司 | Remove the solution of various types deposit |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2811218B1 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2003-02-28 | Patrice Suslian | IMPLANTABLE DEVICE FOR CORRECTING URINARY INCONTINENCE |
GB0025068D0 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2000-11-29 | Browning Healthcare Ltd | Apparatus and method for treating female urinary incontinence |
US8167785B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2012-05-01 | Coloplast A/S | Urethral support system |
US20060205995A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-09-14 | Gyne Ideas Limited | Apparatus and method for treating female urinary incontinence |
GB0108088D0 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-05-23 | Browning Healthcare Ltd | Surgical implant |
DE60334919D1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2010-12-23 | Bard Inc C R | SELF-ANCHORING SLING AND INTRODUCTION SYSTEM |
GB0307082D0 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-04-30 | Gyne Ideas Ltd | Drug delivery device and method |
GB0411360D0 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2004-06-23 | Mpathy Medical Devices Ltd | Implant |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB739617A (en) * | 1954-01-13 | 1955-11-02 | Joseph James Clift | Improvements in and relating to the processing of perlite and the like |
US4512736A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1985-04-23 | Deutsche Perlite Gmbh | Apparatus for the expansion of mineral matter, especially perlite and vermiculite |
US4521182A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1985-06-04 | Grefco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heating particulate material |
US5002696A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1991-03-26 | Grefco, Inc. | Expanded mineral particles and apparatus and method of production |
US6296697B1 (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 2001-10-02 | Wir Corporation | Thermally insulating building material |
US6541108B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2003-04-01 | Hoffmann Laszlo | Process for the preparation, preferably from waste materials, of silicate foam with closed pores, and the product produced by the process |
WO2003059844A1 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-24 | Oscar Hernandez Osorio | Method of producing lightweight aggregates at a low temperature |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3989941A (en) * | 1972-09-28 | 1976-11-02 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Extruder and screw therefor for effecting transverse currents in work material handled thereby |
US6090298A (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2000-07-18 | Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for cleaning filter material in a filter apparatus utilizing a suction generating assembly |
US6251979B1 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2001-06-26 | Advanced Construction Materials Corp. | Strengthened, light weight wallboard and method and apparatus for making the same |
-
2004
- 2004-05-18 US US10/557,937 patent/US20070059199A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-18 WO PCT/IB2004/050738 patent/WO2004101461A1/en active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-11-17 ZA ZA200509308A patent/ZA200509308B/en unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB739617A (en) * | 1954-01-13 | 1955-11-02 | Joseph James Clift | Improvements in and relating to the processing of perlite and the like |
US4512736A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1985-04-23 | Deutsche Perlite Gmbh | Apparatus for the expansion of mineral matter, especially perlite and vermiculite |
US4521182A (en) * | 1982-01-21 | 1985-06-04 | Grefco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for heating particulate material |
US5002696A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1991-03-26 | Grefco, Inc. | Expanded mineral particles and apparatus and method of production |
US6296697B1 (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 2001-10-02 | Wir Corporation | Thermally insulating building material |
US6541108B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2003-04-01 | Hoffmann Laszlo | Process for the preparation, preferably from waste materials, of silicate foam with closed pores, and the product produced by the process |
WO2003059844A1 (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-24 | Oscar Hernandez Osorio | Method of producing lightweight aggregates at a low temperature |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005116166A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-08 | Francois Jacques Labuschagne | Separating wax from siliceous materials |
CN104162301A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-26 | 傅国红 | Oil filter assembly and fuel oil warmer |
CN109072453A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2018-12-21 | 安加拉工业有限公司 | Remove the solution of various types deposit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA200509308B (en) | 2008-03-26 |
US20070059199A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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