WO2004104620A1 - 固有値分解を利用しない信号到来方向推定手法および受信ビーム形成装置 - Google Patents
固有値分解を利用しない信号到来方向推定手法および受信ビーム形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004104620A1 WO2004104620A1 PCT/JP2003/006411 JP0306411W WO2004104620A1 WO 2004104620 A1 WO2004104620 A1 WO 2004104620A1 JP 0306411 W JP0306411 W JP 0306411W WO 2004104620 A1 WO2004104620 A1 WO 2004104620A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/74—Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
Definitions
- the present invention provides a radio wave arrival direction estimating device for a base station that accurately estimates a radio wave arrival direction using an array antenna, and a variable directivity of a base station that changes the beam directivity of the antenna based on the estimation result of the arrival direction. It concerns the receiving and transmitting device.
- the present invention is a method for estimating the arrival directions of a plurality of incident signals (signals that are not mutually uncorrelated or multiwaves (multipaths) having perfect correlation) by means that are computationally effective. Even if the length of the received data is short or the SNR is low, this method can accurately estimate the direction of arrival of incident waves with similar incident directions. Background art
- adaptive array antennas For mobile communications.
- a plurality of antenna elements are arranged at different spatial positions in a certain shape.
- the problem of estimating the direction of arrival of radio waves (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as signals from the standpoint of signal processing) is considered to be one of the important elemental technologies of adaptive array antennas.
- Subspace-based methods that use orthogonality between the signal subspace and the noise subspace are well known from the standpoint of computational complexity and computational complexity.
- EDD eigenvalue decomposition
- SVD singular value decomposition
- a typical example is Spatial smoothing based MUSIC (Spatial smoothing based MUSIC) (For details of this method, see TJ Shan,. Wax and T. Kailatli, "On spatial smoothing ior direction-of- arrival estimation of coherent signals. , "IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 33, no.4, pp. 806-811 (1985) and SU Pillai and BH Kwon," Forward / backward spatial smoothing techniques for coherent signals identilication, "IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 8-15 (1989)).
- the subspace method for estimating the direction of arrival of an uncorrelated signal obtains an array covariance matrix from the signal incident on the array antenna, and obtains a signal subspace and a noise subspace by eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix. Then, the arrival direction of the signal is estimated using the orthogonality between the signal subspace and the noise subspace.
- a linear array (Untform linear array: ULA) is sub-arrayed in order to suppress the correlation of the incident signal.
- ULA Uniform linear array
- the dimension of the signal subspace of the spatially averaged covariance matrix is restored to the number of multiple waves by averaging the covariance matrix of each subarray. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the arrival direction of the correlation signal by using the orthogonal relationship between the signal subspace and the noise subspace as in the conventional subspace method.
- the array received signal of each element can be expressed as follows.
- rik r * ik , ( ⁇ ) * represents a complex conjugate.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating sub-array conversion of a linearly-spaced array.
- Spatial smoothing MUSIC estimates the direction of arrival ⁇ 0iJ of a multiplexed wave with perfect correlation, so as shown in Fig. 1, the entire linear equally-spaced array is composed of L m (l ⁇ m ⁇ M) elements. It is divided into overlapping subarrays (Overlapped subarrays).
- a m [a m ( ⁇ , a m (0 2 ), ⁇ -, a m ( ⁇ ⁇ )]
- Equation 6 the covariance matrix as shown in Equation 6 is obtained.
- ei and li are the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the matrix
- E is a matrix with ⁇ ej as columns
- ⁇ is a diagonal matrix with ⁇ as elements.
- the signal vector ⁇ ei, e 2, ⁇ ⁇ -, e p ⁇ and ⁇ sound base Kutonore ⁇ e p + ls e p + 2, ⁇ - -, e m ⁇ respectively signal subspace space spanned by the noise Call it a subspace.
- the signal subspace can be represented using the array response vector.
- the DOA estimation method based on the orthogonal relationship between the signal subspace and the noise subspace is called a subspace method.
- Spatial smoothing MUSIC is based on the position of the maximum p peaks of the spectrum given by Equation 7: Estimate the arrival direction of the incoming multiplex wave.
- the aim is to provide a method that can accurately estimate the direction of arrival of a multiwave with perfect correlation).
- the method of estimating the direction of arrival of a signal obtains a correlation between some element data from a received signal from an array antenna element in which a plurality of antenna elements are arranged at different linear positions at the same element interval, Forming one correlation matrix from the correlation; estimating a noise subspace by a linear operation from the correlation matrix; and a peak position of a spatial spectrum using the noise subspace; or And an estimation step for calculating the direction of arrival of the signal by calculating the zero point of one polynomial equivalent to the following.
- the correlation matrix uses only the correlation between some of the antenna elements, so that less data is required than the correlation between all the antenna elements.
- eigenvalue decomposition is not performed, the amount of computation is reduced, and a practical method is provided for implementing the estimation of the arrival direction of a signal that changes in real time in a base station.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating sub-array conversion of a linearly-spaced array.
- 2 to 5 are diagrams illustrating each aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a transmission source and a base station receiving antenna 20.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a multiplexed wave arrival direction estimation system in which the embodiment of the present invention is introduced into base station antenna 20.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing performed by the arrival direction estimation unit 50.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing RMSE (root mean-sq ared-errors) of the estimated values of the direction of arrival and.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the RMSE of the estimated value and ⁇ obtained by the 100-times calculation.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a receiving beam forming apparatus of a base station that forms a beam having a peak in a desired direction of arrival by using the DOA using the DOA of the embodiment of the present invention. It is. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the present invention provides a method for reducing the length of data received by an array antenna or a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a spatiotemporally uncorrelated white noise or a spatially correlated noise environment.
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- 2 to 5 are diagrams illustrating each aspect of the embodiment of the present invention.
- M-th element data and first, second, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Correlation between M-1st element data ⁇ r 1M , r 2M , ' ⁇ ⁇ , r MI, M ⁇ is calculated, one correlation matrix ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is generated from the correlation, a noise subspace is calculated by linear operation from the correlation matrix, and the noise subspace is used. Then, the direction of arrival of the multiplex wave is calculated based on the peak position of the spatial spectrum or the zero point of the polynomial obtained by the calculation. .
- the first element data and the second, third,... Calculate the correlation ⁇ r 21 , r 3 -..., R M1 ⁇ between the third element data, create one correlation matrix / from the correlation, use the noise subspace to find the peak position of the spatial spectrum, Alternatively, the direction of arrival of the multiplex wave is calculated based on the zero point of the polynomial obtained by the operation.
- the first element data and the second, third, and second data are obtained from the complex digital reception data from the antenna elements of the linearly spaced array.
- ⁇ , M-th correlation between elements data ⁇ r 12, r 13 - ⁇ ⁇ , r 1M ⁇ computes the, make one correlation matrix $ b from the correlation peak of the spatial spectrum with the noise subspace
- the direction of arrival of the multiplex is calculated based on the position or the zero point of the polynomial obtained by the operation.
- M-th element data and second, third,... The correlation between the M-th element data (r Ml , r M2 ,... ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ - ⁇ ! A space is calculated, and a direction of arrival of a multiplex wave is calculated based on a peak position of a spatial spectrum or a zero point of a polynomial obtained by calculation using the noise subspace.
- a first element is obtained from complex digital reception data from antenna elements of a linearly-spaced array.
- the correlation between the child data and the second, third,..., Mth element data and the correlation between the Mth element data and the first, second, ⁇ , ⁇ , M—first element data are calculated.
- first element data and second and third element data are obtained from complex digital reception data from antenna elements of a linearly-spaced array.
- the correlation matrix between the ⁇ element data and the ⁇ element data and the first, second, ⁇ , M—correlation calculations between the first element data are obtained.
- the subspace is calculated, and the direction of arrival of the multiplex wave is calculated based on the peak position of the spatial spectrum or the zero point of the polynomial obtained by the calculation using the noise subspace.
- the first element data and the second and third element data are obtained from the complex digital reception data from the antenna elements of the linearly spaced array.
- the correlation matrix ⁇ obtained by calculating the correlation between the ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ element data and the correlation between the ⁇ element data and the first, second, ⁇ , ⁇ , M-1 element data
- the arrival direction of the multiplex wave is calculated based on the peak position of the spatial spectrum using the subspace or the zero point of the polynomial obtained by the operation.
- the direction of arrival of the uncorrelated signal in the uncorrelated white noise environment is calculated.
- the arrival direction of the partially correlated signal in the uncorrelated white noise environment is calculated in a spatiotemporal manner by using the arrival direction estimation method in the aspect of the above embodiment.
- the first element data and the ⁇ + 2 , +3, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the correlation between the ⁇ ⁇ th element data and the ⁇ ⁇ th element data and the correlation between the first, second, ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ -1 -th element data are calculated.
- a noise subspace is calculated, and the noise subspace is used to multiplex uncorrelated or partial correlations in a noise environment that is spatially correlated based on a peak position of a spatial spectrum or a zero point of a polynomial obtained by an operation.
- the direction of arrival of the wave signal is calculated.
- first digital complex data received from antenna elements of a linearly-spaced array are used.
- Th element data and the + 2, + 3, ' ⁇ ', M -th correlation between elements data, and, M-th element data and the 1, 2, ⁇ ⁇ , M one 1 - th element data
- the first element data and the? Th element data are obtained from the complex digital reception data from the antenna elements of the linear equally-spaced array. + 2, + 3, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , correlation between Micromax th element data, and, Micromax th element data and the 1, 2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , - 1 a correlation calculation between a singlet th element data
- the direction of arrival of the corresponding multiplexed signal is calculated.
- direction-of-arrival estimation method is applied to the direction-of-arrival estimation device of the base station.
- the base station is provided with a device that forms a transmission beam that generates a beam having a peak in the direction of arrival of the obtained signal by applying the direction of arrival estimation method according to the aspect of the above embodiment to the base station.
- the present invention relates to a radio wave direction-of-arrival estimating device for a base station that accurately estimates the direction of radio wave using an array antenna, and an antenna beam based on the estimation result of the direction of arrival.
- the present invention relates to a directivity variable reception and transmission device of a base station that changes the system directivity.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the transmission source and the base station receiving antenna 20.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a multiplexed wave arrival direction estimation system in which the embodiment of the present invention is introduced into base station antenna 20.
- the base station reception antenna 20 is provided with the multi-wave arrival direction estimation system including the arrival direction estimation unit 50 shown in FIG.
- a signal directly incident on the base station receiving antenna 20 from the transmission source 10 is a direct wave 11.
- a signal that is reflected by a building or the like and then enters the base station receiving antenna 20 is a reflected wave 12.
- two reflected waves are shown as an example.
- the total number of direct waves and reflected waves from the transmission source 12 is p. Also assume that p is known.
- the relationship between the direct wave and the reflected wave can be expressed by the following equation.
- This direction-of-arrival estimation system includes an array antenna 30, a baseband digital processing unit 40, and a direction-of-arrival estimation unit 50.
- the array antenna 30 is assumed to be composed of M (here, M> 2p) antenna elements 31.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the processing performed by the arrival direction estimation unit 50.
- the direction-of-arrival estimating unit 50 includes a means 51 for calculating the correlation between the arrays, It comprises a forming means 52, a calculating means 53 for a linear operator, a calculating means 54 for an orthogonal projection operator, and a means 55 for determining a peak position of a spectrum or a zero point phase of a polynomial.
- the correlation matrix forming means 52 uses the correlation value obtained in Equation 11 to estimate the (L-1) Xp correlation matrix F ⁇ disturb ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the calculation means 53 of the linear operator divides the estimated value ⁇ of the correlation matrix into two parts as follows.
- the orthogonal projection operator calculation means 54 obtains the orthogonal projection operator ⁇ ⁇ by Expression 15 . .
- the means 55 for determining the peak position of the spectrum or the zero-point phase of the polynomial uses the orthogonal projection operator to obtain p peaks of the spectrum P ( ⁇ ) shown in Equation 16 Calculates the direction of arrival of the multiplexed wave from the position of the highest peak in, or the zero point closest to the unit circle among the p zeros of the polynomial P (z) shown in Equation 17 and estimates Output as result ⁇ .
- the arrival direction estimating unit 50 can estimate the arrival direction of the multiplex wave.
- the number M of antenna elements is set to 10.
- ⁇ 2 12 ° and incident on the array antenna.
- the performance of estimating the direction of arrival of multiple waves based on the embodiment of the present invention with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will be considered.
- the length N of the received data is set to 128, and the SNR is changed in the range from 110 to 25 dB. Perform 1000 calculations for each SNR.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an estimated value of direction of arrival 6 and: MSE (root mean-squared-errors).
- CRB Cramer-Rao lower bound
- m-7 conventional spatial smoothing MUSIC
- the estimation performance of the multiplexed wave arrival direction based on the present invention with respect to the length of the received data will be described.
- the SNR is set to 10 dB
- the length N (the number of snapshots) of the received data is changed in the range of 10 to 1000.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the RMSE of ⁇ and the estimated value obtained by 1000 calculations.
- the estimation error RMSE of the method of the present invention is very small even if the received data is small even if the force approaching the ideal minimum error CRB is small.
- the method of the present invention provides a more accurate DOA estimation than conventional spatial smoothing MUSIC.
- one embodiment of the method of estimating the direction of arrival of a multiplex wave was described by configuring the estimated correlation matrix as 0 ⁇ [/ ⁇ ], but the estimation is performed using a combination of correlation matrices ⁇ , ⁇ /, ⁇ & By forming the correlation matrix ⁇ , a method of estimating the direction of arrival of a multiplexed wave, a partially correlated signal, or an uncorrelated signal in an uncorrelated white noise environment can be easily performed.
- Equation 1 8 Furthermore, the corresponding estimated correlation matrix ⁇ is divided into two parts as in Equation l9.
- Equations 14 to 17 a method of estimating the direction of arrival of a multiplexed wave, a partially correlated signal, or an uncorrelated signal in a spatially correlated noise environment can be implemented.
- the reason why the correlation matrix is formed by excluding elements close to each pair of elements of the covariance matrix R is that a noise component is placed on a portion near the diagonal element. Therefore, by creating a correlation matrix by removing elements close to each pair of elements of the covariance matrix R, it is possible to provide a method capable of correctly estimating the arrival direction of a signal even when noise components are included.
- the direction-of-arrival estimation device using the direction-of-arrival estimation method described above, it is possible to implement a reception beam forming device of a base station that forms a beam whose intensity peak is directed to a desired direction of arrival.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a receiving beam forming apparatus of a base station that forms a beam having a peak in a desired direction of arrival by using the DOA using the DOA of the embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- the signal is received by the array antenna 20
- the complex digital reception data is obtained from the base and digital processing section 30, and the arrival direction estimating section 40 is
- a desired beam can be formed by the beamformer 60 using the obtained estimated value of the direction of arrival.
- Data for extracting a desired signal while suppressing interference and noise is sent from the beamformer 60 to the channel receiving unit 70, where the receiving process is performed by a conventional well-known method. Data is obtained.
- Various configurations are possible for the beamformer 70 using the information on the direction of arrival obtained by the method of the present invention. For example, OL J, rost, "An algorithm for linearly constrained adaptive array processing, "Proc. IEEE, vol. 60, no. 8, pp.
- This may be used to control the peak of the receive beam that directs the peak of the receiving sensitivity at the base station to the estimated direction of arrival, or the strength of the transmitted signal when the base station transmits a signal.
- the peak of the transmission beam may be controlled such that the peak of the transmission beam is directed to the estimated arrival direction.
- the present invention estimates the arrival direction of a signal having a spatially close angle with a small amount of computation without using eigenvalue decomposition.
- the arrival direction of the signal incident on the array antenna at the base station can be obtained by the method of the present invention. Can be accurately estimated.
- the method of the present invention can obtain extremely excellent estimation performance with a small amount of computation compared to the conventional spatial smoothing MUSIC method. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy in estimating the arrival direction of the multiplex wave.
- variable directivity receiving and transmitting apparatus of a base station capable of forming a beam having directivity in a desired direction is implemented. be able to.
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PCT/JP2003/006411 WO2004104620A1 (ja) | 2003-05-22 | 2003-05-22 | 固有値分解を利用しない信号到来方向推定手法および受信ビーム形成装置 |
EP03730586A EP1626287A4 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2003-05-22 | TECHNOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE SIGNAL RECEPTION DEVICE WITHOUT USING OWN PRICING AND RECEIVING RADIUS MOLDING |
JP2004572110A JP4339801B2 (ja) | 2003-05-22 | 2003-05-22 | 固有値分解を利用しない信号到来方向推定手法および受信ビーム形成装置 |
US11/170,326 US7068221B2 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2005-06-29 | Technique for direction-of-arrival estimation without eigendecomposition and its application to beamforming at base station |
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- 2003-05-22 JP JP2004572110A patent/JP4339801B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP1850147A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2007-10-31 | Fujitsu Ltd. | Arriving correction deducing device and program |
JPWO2006067869A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2008-06-12 | 富士通株式会社 | 到来方向推定装置及びプログラム |
JP4559438B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2010-10-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 到来方向推定装置及びプログラム |
EP1850147A4 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2013-01-16 | Fujitsu Ltd | ARRIVAL CORRECTION DEFINITION AND PROGRAM |
JP2006258615A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | 電波到来方向の追尾方法及び電波到来方向追尾装置 |
JP2009243947A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | 到来方向推定装置、到来方向推定方法および到来方向推定プログラム |
US7912680B2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2011-03-22 | Fujitsu Limited | Direction-of-arrival estimation apparatus |
JP2011053056A (ja) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-17 | Fujitsu Ltd | 到来方向推定装置及び方法 |
JP2016142628A (ja) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 到来方向推定装置及び到来方向推定方法 |
CN109309506A (zh) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-05 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种基于信号空间特征值分解的无线信号噪声抑制方法 |
CN109309506B (zh) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-12-17 | 南京邮电大学 | 一种基于信号空间特征值分解的无线信号噪声抑制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7068221B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 |
EP1626287A4 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
JPWO2004104620A1 (ja) | 2006-07-20 |
EP1626287A1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
JP4339801B2 (ja) | 2009-10-07 |
US20050285788A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
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