WO2004107628A1 - Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte - Google Patents

Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004107628A1
WO2004107628A1 PCT/US2003/017201 US0317201W WO2004107628A1 WO 2004107628 A1 WO2004107628 A1 WO 2004107628A1 US 0317201 W US0317201 W US 0317201W WO 2004107628 A1 WO2004107628 A1 WO 2004107628A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fabry
lasing
injected
light source
laser diode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/017201
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Chang-Hee Lee
Wayne Sorin
Original Assignee
Novera Optics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novera Optics, Inc. filed Critical Novera Optics, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2003/017201 priority Critical patent/WO2004107628A1/fr
Priority to EP03734316A priority patent/EP1634398A4/fr
Priority to US10/558,820 priority patent/US7515626B2/en
Priority to AU2003238859A priority patent/AU2003238859A1/en
Priority to JP2005500433A priority patent/JP2006526307A/ja
Priority to CN038268272A priority patent/CN1802807B/zh
Publication of WO2004107628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004107628A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2587—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission using a single light source for multiple stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
    • H04J14/0245—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for downstream transmission, e.g. optical line terminal [OLT] to ONU
    • H04J14/0246—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for downstream transmission, e.g. optical line terminal [OLT] to ONU using one wavelength per ONU
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
    • H04J14/0249—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for upstream transmission, e.g. ONU-to-OLT or ONU-to-ONU
    • H04J14/025—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for upstream transmission, e.g. ONU-to-OLT or ONU-to-ONU using one wavelength per ONU, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0282—WDM tree architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0226—Fixed carrier allocation, e.g. according to service

Definitions

  • Embodiments of this invention relate to wavelength-division-multiplexing passive-optical-networks. More particularly, an embodiment of this invention relates to a light source capable of lasing that is wavelength locked by an injected light signal.
  • WDM PONs wavelength-division-multiplexing-passive-optical-networks
  • a remote node containing the signal- distributing device is typically located outdoors without any electrical power supply.
  • the transmission band of wavelengths of the outdoor signal-distributing device can change according to the variation of the external temperature. Misalignment of the wavelength between the transmitted signal and the operating wavelength of the device distributing the signal introduces extra insertion loss in the signal.
  • a possible way to minimize the misalignment can be to use a narrow- linewidth distributed feedback laser diode (DFB LD) that essentially always falls within the shifting bandwidths of the multiplexers as an optical transmitter to satisfy the wavelength alignment condition.
  • DFB LD distributed feedback laser diode
  • this arrangement may not be an economic solution because of the high price of each accurately stabilized DFB LD.
  • Some PONS also use optical transmitters with a high bit rate and an adequate amount of gain to support high bit rate.
  • Some passive optical network may use a broadband light emitting diode (LED) as an optical transmitter. However, the modulation bandwidth of the LED can be narrow, thereby, making it difficult to send data at a high bit rate.
  • LED broadband light emitting diode
  • a light source capable of lasing is wavelength locked by an injected light signal.
  • the light source capable of lasing such as a Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP LD), may have antireflective coating on one or more facets of the light source capable of lasing.
  • the light source capable of lasing receives a spectral slice of a light signal from a broadband light source to wavelength lock the output wavelength of the light source capable of lasing within the bandwidth of the injected light signal.
  • a current pump may bias the light source capable of lasing to operate as a reflective regenerative semiconductor optical amplifier so that the injected light is reflected back out a front facet after being amplified and wavelength locked.
  • the current pump may also bias the light source capable of lasing such that the externally injected narrow-band light signal into the light source capable of lasing suppresses the lasing modes outside of the bandwidth of injected incoherent light.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a wavelength-division- multiplexing passive-optical-network using an optical transmitter wavelength locked by an injected light signal.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a light source capable of lasing having one or more facets and a laser chip.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a graph of input power spectral density of an injected light signal versus wavelength for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a graph of power versus wavelength before the injected light signal and after the injected light signal for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing.
  • Figures 5a and 5b illustrate the gain shape versus wavelength of a light source capable of lasing, such as a FP LD, for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing.
  • a light source capable of lasing such as a Fabry-Perot laser diode
  • a light source capable of lasing has antireflective coating on one or more facets of the Fabry-Perot laser diode.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode receives a spectral slice of a light signal from a broadband light source to wavelength lock the output wavelength of the Fabry-Perot laser diode within the bandwidth of the injected light signal.
  • a current pump biases the Fabry-Perot laser diode to operate as a reflective regenerative semiconductor optical amplifier so that the injected light is reflected back out a front facet after being amplified.
  • This regenerative amplifying process results in an effective wavelength locking of the Fabry-Perot laser diode to the injected spectral slice of the broadband light source.
  • the current pump also biases the Fabry-Perot laser diode such that the externally injected narrow-band light signal into the Fabry-Perot laser diode suppresses the lasing modes outside of the bandwidth of injected incoherent light.
  • the bandwidth of the injected light signal and a length of the laser chip in the Fabry-Perot laser diode may be selected to usually cause wavelengths in the bandwidth of the injected light signal to overlap with one or more cavity modes of the Fabry-Perot laser diode.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a wavelength- division-multiplexing passive-optical-network using an optical transmitter wavelength locked by an injected light signal.
  • the wavelength-division-multiplexing passive-optical- network 100 includes a first location such as a central office, a second location remote from the first location such as a remote node, and a plurality of subscriber locations.
  • the example central office contains a first group of optical transmitters 101- 103 emitting optical signals in a first band of wavelengths, a first group of optical receivers 104-106 to accept an optical signal in a second band of wavelengths, a first group of band splitting filters 107-109, a wavelength-tracking component 130, a first 1xn bi-directional optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 112, an optical coupler 115, a first broadband light source 114, and a second broadband light source 113.
  • the first optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 spectrally slices a first band of wavelengths received from the first broadband light source 114 and demultiplexes a second band of wavelengths received from the second optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116.
  • a band splitting filter such as the first broadband splitting filter 107, splits the first band of wavelengths and the second band of wavelengths signals to different ports.
  • the first multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 couples to a first group of band splitting filters 107-109.
  • Each optical transmitter in the first group of optical transmitters 101-103 receives a discrete spectrally sliced signal in the first band of wavelengths and aligns the operating wavelength of that optical transmitter to the wavelengths within bandwidth of the received spectrally sliced signal.
  • Each optical transmitter such as a Fabry Perot laser diode, may cooperate with a current pump, such as the first current pump 141 , and a modulator, such as the first modulator 140.
  • the first current pump 141 biases the first optical transmitter 101 such that the externally injected narrow-band light signal into the first optical transmitter 101 suppresses the lasing modes outside of the bandwidth of injected incoherent light.
  • the first modulator 140 directly modulates the output signal generated by the optical transmitter with a data stream.
  • a first controller 142 may also cooperate with the first optical transmitter 101 to provide an optimized gain for the injected light signal by shifting one or more cavity modes of the optical transmitter to overlap with the bandwidth of the injected light signal.
  • the first controller may change the temperature of the first optical transmitter 101 or the current applied to the first optical transmitter 101 to shift the cavity modes of the optical transmitter 101.
  • the bandwidth of the injected light signal and the size of the laser chip may be selected to approximately cause wavelengths in the bandwidth of the injected light signal to overlap with one or more cavity modes of the first optical transmitter 101 independent of an external device, such as the first controller 142, to shift the modes of the first optical transmitter 101.
  • the first optical transmitter 101 may have one or more facets with antireflective coating and a laser chip with two or more cavity modes.
  • the first current pump 141 may bias first optical transmitter101 to operate as a reflective regenerative semiconductor optical amplifier.
  • a front facet of the first optical transmitter 101 receives the spectral slice light signal to wavelength lock the output wavelength of the first optical transmitter 101 within the bandwidth of the injected light signal.
  • the first optical transmitter 101 reflects the injected light back out the front facet after being amplified, sideband suppressed, and wavelength locked.
  • the first optical transmitter 101 transmits the modulated signal on a unique wavelength in the first band of wavelengths.
  • Each band splitting filter 107-109 couples to a given optical transmitter in the first group of optical transmitters 101-103 and a given optical receiver in the first group of optical receivers 104-106.
  • Each optical receiver in the first group of optical receivers 104-106 receives a discrete demultiplexed signal in the second band of wavelengths.
  • the wavelength tracking component 130 includes an electrical or optical power summing device 110 and a temperature controller 111.
  • the power summing device 110 measures the strength of an output signal of one or more of the optical receivers 104-106 to determine the difference in the transmission band of wavelengths between the first multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 and the second multiplexer/demultiplexer 116.
  • the temperature controller 111 controls the operating temperature of the first optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 to maximize the strength of the measured output signal from the optical receivers 104-106.
  • the transmission band of wavelengths of the first multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 and the second multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 are matched, then the strength of the measured output signal from the optical receivers 104-106 is at its maximum.
  • the multiplexed/demultiplexed transmission wavelength of the optical multiplexer/demultiplexers 112, 116 located in the central office and the remote node can be locked to each other.
  • the example remote node contains the second 1xn bi-directional optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116.
  • the second 1xn bi-directional optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 connects to the central office via a single optical fiber 128.
  • the second 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 multiplexes and demultiplexes bi-directionally both the broadband optical signal containing the first band of wavelengths and the broadband optical signal containing the second band of wavelengths.
  • the second 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 spectrally slices the second band of wavelengths from the second broadband light source 113.
  • multiplexing may be the combining of multiple channels of optical information into a single optical signal.
  • Demultiplexing may be the disassembling of the single optical signal into multiple discrete signals containing a channel of optical information.
  • Spectral slicing may be the dividing of a broad band of wavelengths into small periodic bands of wavelengths.
  • Each example subscriber location for example, the first subscriber location, contains a band splitting filter 117, an optical transmitter 123 to emit optical signals in the second band of wavelengths, and an optical receiver 120 to receive optical signals in the first band of wavelengths.
  • the second multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 to demultiplex the first band of wavelengths and spectrally slice the second band of wavelengths.
  • the second multiplexer/demultiplexer sends these signals to each band splitting filter 117-119.
  • the band splitting filters 117-119 function to split the input signal to an output port according to the input signal band.
  • Each optical transmitter such as the second optical transmitter 123, receives the spectrally sliced signal in the second band of wavelengths and aligns its operating wavelength for that optical transmitter to the wavelengths within the spectrally sliced signal.
  • Each subscriber communicates with central office with a different spectral slice within the second band of wavelengths.
  • each optical transmitter may cooperate with a modulator, a current pump and a controller.
  • a second current pump 144 may bias the second optical transmitter 123 such that the externally injected narrowband light signal into the second optical transmitter 123 suppresses the lasing modes outside of the bandwidth of injected incoherent light.
  • the second modulator 143 directly modulates the output signal generated by the second optical transmitter 123 with a data stream.
  • a second controller 145 may also cooperate with the second optical transmitter to provide an optimized gain for the injected light signal by changing the temperature of the second optical transmitter or the current applied to the second optical transmitter to shift one or more cavity modes of the optical transmitter to overlap with the bandwidth of the injected light signal.
  • the second optical transmitter 123 may have one or more facets with antireflective coating and a laser chip with two or more cavity modes.
  • the bandwidth of the injected light signal and the size of the laser chip may be matched to approximately cause wavelengths in the bandwidth of the injected light signal to overlap with one or more cavity modes of the second optical transmitter independent of an external device, such as the second controller 145, to shift the modes of the second optical transmitter.
  • the bandwidth of the injected signal either encompasses at least one cavity mode of the optical transmitter or falls in between two cavity modes but the wavelengths at both ends of the inject light signal band are so close to the FP LD's respective cavity modes that the reflected output wavelengths at both ends of the band are at least 3dB greater in signal strength then the other Fabry-Perot modes of the laser.
  • the optical fiber such as the first optical fiber 146, coupling to the input facet of an optical transmitter may be aligned with the optical transmitter to achieve a coupling efficiency between 10 % and 100%. Coupling efficiency may be measured as coupled measured power divided by the uncoupled measured power.
  • the optical fiber may be a single mode optical fiber coupled to the front facet of the optical transmitter.
  • the power of the output wavelength of the optical transmitter coupled back into the single mode optical fiber can be between + 3 dBm (optical power measured in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt) and - 20 dBm.
  • the first broadband light source 114 such as an amplified-spontaneous- emission source, supplies, via the first multiplexer/demultiplexer 112, the first band of wavelengths of light to a given optical transmitter in the first group of optical transmitters 101-103 in order to wavelength lock the transmission band of wavelengths of that optical transmitter.
  • the range of operating wavelengths for the group of transmitters 101-103 in the central office is matched to the operating wavelengths of the first multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 in the central office via the injection of these spectrally sliced signals into each of these transmitters in the first group of optical transmitters 101-103.
  • the wavelength locking of the each optical transmitter to the particular spectral slice passed through the band splitting filter solves the large power loss on down-stream signals in the 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 112. In this way, the large power loss due to the misalignment between the wavelength of the signal from an optical transmitter 101-103 and the transmission band of wavelengths of the multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 at the central office is minimized.
  • the second broadband light source 113 supplies the second band of wavelengths of light to a given optical transmitter 123-125 to wavelength lock the transmission band of wavelengths of that optical transmitter in the second group.
  • the operating wavelengths of the second group of transmitters 123-125 in the subscriber's local is matched to the range of operating wavelengths for the second multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 via the injection of these spectrally sliced signal into each of these transmitters in the second group of optical transmitters.
  • the wavelength locking of the each optical transmitter to the particular spectral slice passed through the band splitting filter solves the large power loss on up-stream signals in the 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 due to the wavelength detuning depending on the temperature variation in the device at the remote node.
  • the large power loss due to the misalignment between the wavelength of the signal from an optical transmitter 123-125 and the transmission band of wavelengths of the multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 at the remote node is minimized.
  • the wavelength alignment between multiplexer/demultiplexer 112 and multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 can be achieved resulting in minimized transmission loss between the Central Office and the subscribers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a light source capable of lasing having one or more facets and a laser chip gain medium.
  • An optical transmitter such as a Fabry-Perot laser diode, may have antireflective coating on one or more facets 250, 251 of the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201.
  • the antireflective coated Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 may obtain a better extinction ratio and thus a better bit rate error than a standard uncoated Fabry-Perot laser diode because of the lower reflectivity of the front facet 250.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 may have a better side mode suppression ratio because the FP LD 201 has a lower insertion loss due to the input facet 250 having this antireflective coating.
  • the injected light signal may have a lower magnitude and the gain of the FP LD 201 may be set lower, thereby, making an energy starved environment that does not amplify unwanted side modes of the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201.
  • the front facet 250 of the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 can be anti-reflection coated to reduce the reflectivity.
  • Optical reflectivity for the front facet 250 may have values that can range from 0.1% to 25 %.
  • the back facet 251 can be uncoated with a reflectivity of approximately 30%. Alternatively, the back facet 251 can be coated to obtain an optical reflectivity within the range from 10% to 100%.
  • the sizing of the laser chip 252 with relation to the bandwidth of the injected light signal helps to decrease the spacing of the cavity modes associated with the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201.
  • a gain region of the laser chip 252 may have one or more chirped quantum wells in the gain region, one or more strained quantum wells in the gain region, one or more quantum dots in the gain region, an increased doping beyond a standard doping in the gain region, or other similar enhancement to modify the FP LD to increase the gain-bandwidth of the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201.
  • the enhanced gain-bandwidth supports a wider wavelength locking range for the FP LDs.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 may be operated as a reflective regenerative semiconductor optical amplifier.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 may act as regenerative semiconductor amplifier amplifying an injected light signal even if the narrow band injected noise signal occurs between two cavity modes of the laser.
  • the bandwidth of the injected light signal and the size of the laser chip 252 may be matched to approximately cause wavelengths in the bandwidth of the injected light signal to overlap with one or more cavity modes of the FP LD 201.
  • the wavelengths at both ends of the bandwidth of the injected light signal band are so close to the FP LD's respective cavity modes that the amplified wavelengths at both ends of the band are at least 3dB greater in signal strength then the other side modes of the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201.
  • a controller changes the operating temperature of the FP LD 201 or the current applied to the FP LD 201 to shift the cavity modes of the FP LD to overlap with the bandwidth of the injected light/noise signal to provide an optimized gain for the injected signal.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode 201 generally reflects and amplifies the injected spectrally sliced noise signal.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a graph of input power spectral density of an injected light signal versus wavelength for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing.
  • the input power spectral density (power per wavelength band) 354 of the injected light signal 355 delivered to the front facet of the FP LD may have a power spectral density between -10 dBm/0.1 nm bandwidth to - 30 dBm/0.1 nm bandwidth.
  • the bandwidth of the spectral slice 356 may be taken as the spectral width at a value, for example, - 3dB lower than the peak.
  • the bandwidth of the spectral slice 356 may be taken as the spectral width at values as low as - 20 dB lower than peak. Due to the low power actually required from the injected light signal 355, the noise is reduce due to the saturation level of the laser and the quasi-lasing action to suppress sidebands.
  • the spectral bandwidth 356 of the narrow-band input injection signal 355 received on the input facet can vary from 5 GHz to 500 GHz.
  • the Fabry-Perot laser diode due to the antireflective coating on one or more facets, generates a side-mode suppression ratio having values between 3dB to 35 dB.
  • the side-mode suppression ratio may be the ratio of the optical output power of the modes within the injection bandwidth to the modes outside the injection bandwidth.
  • the broadband light source may generate a light signal having approximately equal polarization states.
  • the input optical signal injected 355 into the laser diode is typically unpolarized so that a polarization state that matches that of the laser diode is present.
  • the injected light signal 355 received on the input facet of the Fabry-Perot laser diode may have a polarization ratio between 0 dB and 3 dB.
  • the polarization ratio refers to the maximum ratio of power between any two orthogonal input polarization states.
  • a range for the polarization ratio of the injected power can be from 0 dB to 3 dB.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a graph of power versus wavelength before the injected light signal and after the injected light signal for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing. For the upper curves, the solid line shows the output spectrum of the light source capable of lasing, when the bias current is above the lasing threshold current and without injection.
  • the dotted lines in upper curves show the spectrum of the injected broadband light into the light source capable of lasing.
  • the solid line shows the output spectrum of the light source capable of lasing with an injection of the light signal.
  • the dotted lines in lower curves show the output spectrum of the light source capable of lasing, when the bias current to the FP LD is turned off. It represents the reflected spectrum of injected broadband light.
  • the current pump biases the Fabry-Perot laser diode to operate near or above a lasing threshold when no input signal is injected into the laser.
  • the gain of the laser is suppressed to below that of the free-running laser when the light signal is injected into the laser.
  • the operating pump current for the FPLD can range from 0.9 to 1.5 times the lasing threshold of the free running laser.
  • the Fabry-Perot modes outside of the bandwidth of the injected incoherent light incur a side mode suppression ratio between 3 dB and 35 dB.
  • the addition of antireflective coating to a FP LD that has a fixed pump current increases the side mode suppression ratio of that FP LD.
  • a modulator may directly data modulate an output signal generated by the Fabry-Perot laser diode.
  • the extinction ratio of the directly modulated signal may be greater than 5 dB.
  • Data modulation rates may be in the ranges from 100 Mbps to 175 Mbps, 600 to 650 Mbps, and 1000 to 1500 Mbps (Megabits per second).
  • the combination of amplification of the injected light signal along with the large suppression of sidebands and noise allows a high transfer bit rate in the WDM PON.
  • Figures 5a and 5b illustrate the gain shape of a light source capable of lasing, such as a FP LD, versus wavelength for an embodiment of the light source capable of lasing.
  • the solid line represents the nominal gain curve 580 of a Fabry Perot laser diode and the rectangular box represents the effective practical operating range ( ⁇ o ) 579 over which adequate signal quality exists when the light source capable of lasing, such as a FP LD, is modulated with a data stream.
  • the horizontal line represents wavelength locking range ( ⁇ _) 581 over which adequate signal quality exists when the FP LD is modulated with a data stream.
  • the dashed line illustrates a potential center wavelength shift in the gain curve of that FP LD which is possible due to manufacturing tolerances 582.
  • the dotted line illustrates a potential center wavelength shift in the gain curve of that FP LD which is possible due to manufacturing tolerances plus a shift due temperature drift of the FP LD 583.
  • the alternating dashed and dotted line illustrates a gain curve of a Fabry Perot laser diode having a laser chip with an unmodified gain region 587.
  • the required system bandwidth that the FP LDs need to be wavelength-locked over is about ⁇ 13 nm.
  • a standard FP LD may not be able to adequately cover the required system bandwidth by itself.
  • the center wavelength for a FP LD may vary due to both temperature and manufacturing tolerances.
  • ⁇ L is the required locking range of the FP laser diode
  • ⁇ 0 is the effective operating range of the FPLD after taking into account variations in temperature and manufacturing tolerances
  • ⁇ c is the variation in the center of the gain curve due to manufacturing tolerances
  • ⁇ r is the offset of the gain curve due to temperature changes of the FP LD.
  • the WDM PON may solve this problem in a number of ways.
  • One solution may be the use of FP LDs with larger wavelength locking ranges, via a wider nominal gain curve 580, than that of the standard values to anticipate the effects of temperature drift and manufacturing tolerances in the center of the gain spectrum.
  • the FP LD may use a non-standard laser chip whose gain- bandwidth is larger than that of the standard values of about ⁇ 15 nm. These types of laser diodes can be manufactured by modifying the gain region of the laser chip to generate a wider nominal gain curve 580.
  • Some methods for increasing the gain- bandwidth of semiconductor lasers include, increasing the doping in the gain region, using chirped quantum well for the gain region, using strained quantum wells for the gain region or the use of quantum dots for the gain region, or another similar method.
  • the laser chip of the Fabry-Perot laser diode having an enhanced gain region may have a gain-bandwidth value of greater than 40 nanometers ( ⁇ 20 nm) to support wavelength locking over that bandwidth after being injected with the input incoherent signal while still supporting a useable signal quality when the Fabry-Perot laser diode is modulated with the data stream.
  • a useable output signal generated by the FP LD has an acceptable bit error rate in the modulated operating range after being modulated.
  • each type of Fabry Perot laser diode having a laser chip with an unmodified gain region 587.
  • Each type of FP LD being manufactured with a different offset center wavelength 585, 586. Lasers may be binned into specific wavelength regions so that two or more different lasers may be combined to be used for different parts of the channel plan.
  • a plurality of light sources capable of lasing such as the third optical transmitter 124a and the forth optical transmitter 124b, couple at the output ends of the second multiplexer/demultiplexer 116.
  • the third optical transmitter 124a and the forth optical transmitter 124b emit an output signal at an approximately same wavelength and each output signal is locked by the injected spectrally-sliced narrow-band light signal.
  • the third optical transmitter 124a may have a laser chip with a first center wavelength.
  • the forth optical transmitter 124b may have a second laser chip with a second center wavelength.
  • the second center wavelength is offset from the first center wavelength.
  • the bandwidth of the wavelength locking range of the first light source capable of lasing and the bandwidth of the wavelength locking range of the second light source capable of lasing combine to be equal or greater than the sum of the operating range of the system bandwidth, the variation in the center wavelength due manufacturing tolerances, and an offset in a gain curve due to temperature changes.
  • the optical transmitters in the subscribers may be binned into two or more groups so that two or more different lasers may be combined to cover the overall system bandwidth.
  • the first group has laser chips with a first center wavelength and individually connect to a port in the top half of ports in the multiplexer/demultilplexer.
  • the second optical transmitter 123 may have a laser chip with a first center wavelength and connect to a first port in the top half of ports in the multiplexer/demultilplexer 116.
  • the second group has laser chips with a second center wavelength and individually connect to a port in the bottom half of ports in the multiplexer/demultilplexer.
  • the fifth optical transmitter 125 may have a laser chip with a second center wavelength and individually connect to an Nth port in the bottom half of ports in the multiplexer/demultilplexer 116.
  • the wavelength-division-multiplexing passive-optical- network 100 may use different wavelength bands in downstream signals, such as the first band of wavelengths, and up-stream signals, such as the second band of wavelengths.
  • the down-stream signals may represent the signals from optical transmitters 101-103 in the central office to the subscribers and the up-stream signals may represent the signals from optical transmitters 123-125 in the subscribers to the central office.
  • the wavelengths of the down-stream signals may be, for example, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2,... ⁇ n and the upstream signals would be ⁇ 1 * , ⁇ 2 * , ⁇ n * but carried in a different band of wavelengths, where ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 * are separated by the free spectral range of the multiplexer/demultiplexer.
  • the 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 has the function that an optical signal from a port in the left side is demultiplexed to the n number of ports in the right side. Further, the optical signals from the n-ports in the right side are multiplexed to a port in the left side simultaneously.
  • the 1xn optical multiplexer/demultiplexer 116 spectrally splices the second band of wavelengths into narrow spectral widths of wavelengths. Because the optical multiplexer/demultiplexer can be operated on more than two bands of wavelengths, the bi-directionally propagated up-stream signals and down-stream signals in different bands can be multiplexed and demultiplexed at the same time.
  • Each of the bands of wavelengths operated on by the optical multiplexer/demultiplexer may be offset by one or more intervals of the free spectral range of the optical multiplexer/demultiplexer.
  • the upstream band of wavelengths may be in the wavelength range from 1520 nm to 1620 nm. This is due to the higher power ASE sources available in this wavelength range, an example being the erbium doped fiber amplifier.
  • the downstream band of wavelengths may be in the bandwidth range of 1250 nm to 1520 nm.
  • the upstream and downstream wavelength ranges may be in 1525 ⁇ 1565 nm and 1570 - 1610 nm, respectively.
  • the second band of wavelengths may be a band of wavelengths having a spectral separation of between 5-100 nanometers apart from a peak wavelength of the first band of wavelengths.
  • the spectral separation between the first band of wavelengths and the second band of wavelengths should be great enough to prevent the occurrence of interference between the filtered spectrally sliced downstream signal to a subscriber and the filtered upstream signal from that subscriber.
  • the specific numeric reference should not be interpreted as a literal sequential order but rather interpreted that the first band of wavelength is different than a second band of wavelengths.
  • Some additional embodiments may include the following.
  • a single device may provide the function of both the first broadband light source and the second broadband light source.
  • the WDM PON may use more than two different bands of wavelengths.
  • Each multiplexer/demultiplexer may be an athermal arrayed waveguide grating.
  • Each multiplexer/demultiplexer may merely divide an input light signal rather than spectrally slice the input light signal.
  • More than one remote node may exist.
  • An optical transmitter may be operated continuous wave and modulated by an external modulator, etc.
  • the receiver input power may vary from -27 dBm to - 36 dBm for 100 Mb/s to approximately 170 Mb/s.
  • the fiber length between the Central Office and the Remote Node can be up to 20 kilometers.
  • the fiber length between the Remote Node and Subscribers can be up to 15 kilometers.
  • Each optical transmitter may be directly modulated by, for example, electrical current modulation to embed information onto the specific wavelength transmitted by that optical transmitter.
  • Each optical transmitter includes a light source capable of lasing.
  • One or more of the optical transmitters may be a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser that are injected with the spectrum-sliced broadband incoherent light from an amplified-spontaneous-emission light source.
  • One or more of the optical transmitters may be a wavelength-seeded reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).
  • SOA wavelength-seeded reflective semiconductor optical amplifier
  • One or more of the optical transmitters support high bit-rate modulation and long-distance transmission.
  • a reflective SOA may also as act as the modulation device.
  • the optical transmitters may be modulated, wavelength locked using wavelength seeding, provide signal gain for the wavelengths within the spectral slice and increase the extinction ratio between the injected wavelengths and wavelengths outside the spectral slice.
  • the broadband light source may be a light source based on semiconductor optical amplifiers, a light source based on rare-earth ion-doped optical fiber amplifiers, a light emitting diode, or similar device.
  • the broadband light source may provide light with any kind of characteristic such as coherent or incoherent light.
  • the optical multiplexer/demultiplexer can be achieved by an arrayed waveguide grating including an integrated waveguide grating, a device using thin-film filters, a diffraction grating, or similar device.
  • the optical multiplexer/demultiplexer can also be a dielectric interference filter or similar device.
  • the multiplexer/demultiplexer may have wavelength spacing between individual wavelength channels between 25 gigahertz and 400 gigahertz.
  • the use of temperature control of the laser diodes limits the wavelength drift of the lasers. Small heaters near the laser may be used to control their temperature between 40 degrees centigrade to 50 degrees centigrade. This limits the wavelength drift and reduces the required locking range for the laser diodes. Other values for the temperature ranges can also be used.
  • the optical-passive-network may consist of non-power supplied passive optical devices without any active devices between the central office and optical subscribers.
  • the topology structure of the optical distribution network may be a star topology that has the remote node with an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer placed near the subscribers, and plays a role to relay communications with the central office through a single optical fiber and to distribute signals to and from each of the subscribers through their own optical fiber.
  • the second multiplexer/demultiplexer may be in a remote location such that the ambient conditions differ enough from the environment of the first multiplexer/demultiplexer to substantially alter the transmission band of wavelengths of the second multiplexer/demultiplexer when matched to the transmission band of wavelengths of the first multiplexer/demultiplexer.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur différents procédés, systèmes et appareils permettant de verrouiller au moyen d'un signal lumineux injecté la longueur d'onde d'une source lumineuse (101) à capacité laser. Ladite source lumineuse (101), par exemple une diode laser de Fabry-Pérot, qui peut présenter un revêtement antireflets sur une ou plusieurs de ses facettes, reçoit une tranche spectrale d'un signal lumineux provenant d'une source lumineuse à large bande (113) qui verrouille la longueur d'onde de sortie de la source lumineuse (101), comprise dans la largeur de bande du signal lumineux injecté. On peut utiliser une pompe à courant (141) pour polariser la source lumineuse (101) et la faire fonctionner en amplificateur optique à semi-conducteurs à régénération par réflexion, de manière à ce que la lumière injectée soit réfléchie à travers l'une des facettes frontales après avoir été amplifiée et verrouillée en longueur d'onde. La pompe à courant (141) peut également polariser la source lumineuse (101) pour que le signal lumineux à bande étroite y étant injecté supprime les modes laser hors de la largeur de bande de la lumière non cohérente injectée.
PCT/US2003/017201 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte WO2004107628A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2003/017201 WO2004107628A1 (fr) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte
EP03734316A EP1634398A4 (fr) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte
US10/558,820 US7515626B2 (en) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 Light source capable of lasing that is wavelength locked by an injected light signal
AU2003238859A AU2003238859A1 (en) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 A light source cable of lasing that is wavelength locked by an injected light signal
JP2005500433A JP2006526307A (ja) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 注入される光信号によって波長ロックされるレーザ発振可能な光源
CN038268272A CN1802807B (zh) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 由注入光信号进行波长锁定的能够发射激光的光源

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2003/017201 WO2004107628A1 (fr) 2003-05-29 2003-05-29 Source lumineuse a capacite laser, verrouillable en longueur d'onde par un signal lumineux injecte

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WO2004107628A1 true WO2004107628A1 (fr) 2004-12-09

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EP (1) EP1634398A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006526307A (fr)
CN (1) CN1802807B (fr)
AU (1) AU2003238859A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004107628A1 (fr)

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JP2005198286A (ja) * 2004-01-02 2005-07-21 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 双方向波長分割多重方式の自己治癒受動型光加入者網
JP2006191612A (ja) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-20 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 光送受信機及びこれを用いる受動型光加入者網
US7313157B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2007-12-25 Novera Optics, Inc. Integration of laser sources and detectors for a passive optical network
US7903979B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2011-03-08 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Low-cost WDM source with an incoherent light injected Fabry-Perot laser diode
US7920797B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2011-04-05 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Receiver having an apparatus for varying decision threshold level and an optical transmission system having the same
US8290370B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2012-10-16 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network for providing both of broadcasting service and communication service and central office used thereof
US8571410B2 (en) 2006-10-11 2013-10-29 Novera Optics, Inc. Mutual wavelength locking in WDM-PONS
US8861963B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2014-10-14 Novera Optics, Inc. Shared high-intensity broadband light source for a wavelength-division multiple access passive optical network
US9130671B2 (en) 2005-09-07 2015-09-08 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Apparatus for monitoring failure positions in wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical networks and wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network systems having the apparatus

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CN101207443B (zh) * 2007-11-29 2012-05-30 华为技术有限公司 一种光源注入锁定的方法、系统和装置
EP2372936A1 (fr) * 2010-03-29 2011-10-05 Alcatel Lucent Émetteur/récepteur photonique intégré
JP5895558B2 (ja) * 2012-01-27 2016-03-30 富士通株式会社 光伝送システム
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8798478B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2014-08-05 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Low-cost WDM source with an incoherent light injected fabry-perot laser diode
US7903979B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2011-03-08 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Low-cost WDM source with an incoherent light injected Fabry-Perot laser diode
US8861963B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2014-10-14 Novera Optics, Inc. Shared high-intensity broadband light source for a wavelength-division multiple access passive optical network
US7313157B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2007-12-25 Novera Optics, Inc. Integration of laser sources and detectors for a passive optical network
US7593444B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2009-09-22 Novera Optics, Inc. Integration of laser sources and detectors for a passive optical network
US7916767B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2011-03-29 Novera Optics, Inc. Integration of laser sources and detectors for a passive optical network
US7944960B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2011-05-17 Novera Optics, Inc. Integration of laser sources and detectors for a passive optical network
JP2005198286A (ja) * 2004-01-02 2005-07-21 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 双方向波長分割多重方式の自己治癒受動型光加入者網
JP2006191612A (ja) * 2004-12-29 2006-07-20 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 光送受信機及びこれを用いる受動型光加入者網
US7920797B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2011-04-05 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Receiver having an apparatus for varying decision threshold level and an optical transmission system having the same
US9130671B2 (en) 2005-09-07 2015-09-08 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Apparatus for monitoring failure positions in wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical networks and wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network systems having the apparatus
US8290370B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2012-10-16 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network for providing both of broadcasting service and communication service and central office used thereof
US8571410B2 (en) 2006-10-11 2013-10-29 Novera Optics, Inc. Mutual wavelength locking in WDM-PONS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1802807A (zh) 2006-07-12
EP1634398A1 (fr) 2006-03-15
CN1802807B (zh) 2011-01-12
AU2003238859A1 (en) 2005-01-21
JP2006526307A (ja) 2006-11-16
EP1634398A4 (fr) 2008-08-20

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