WO2005006739A1 - System for wired transmission of signals from a video source to a processing and switching unit - Google Patents

System for wired transmission of signals from a video source to a processing and switching unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005006739A1
WO2005006739A1 PCT/DK2004/000503 DK2004000503W WO2005006739A1 WO 2005006739 A1 WO2005006739 A1 WO 2005006739A1 DK 2004000503 W DK2004000503 W DK 2004000503W WO 2005006739 A1 WO2005006739 A1 WO 2005006739A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impedance
signal
wired transmission
cable
signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2004/000503
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Erik Albert Jensen
Original Assignee
Bang & Olufsen A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bang & Olufsen A/S filed Critical Bang & Olufsen A/S
Priority to EP04739000A priority Critical patent/EP1649686A1/en
Publication of WO2005006739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005006739A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/10—Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable
    • H04N7/102—Circuits therefor, e.g. noise reducers, equalisers, amplifiers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a distribution system for video signals comprising at least one source of video signals, at least one transmitting device for video signals, a cable or cordset containing several signal carrying wires leading from a transmitter to a receiver in a signal distributing assembly and means for inputting distribution control signals in order to control the signal distributing assembly.
  • the invention furthermore relates to transmission means for such a system.
  • DK133840B a problem related to time delay distortion of pulses in time multiplex in a case of simultaneous transmission by means of a single conductor (termed “busbar”) is counteracted by impedance matching.
  • the video signal is used to drive an output amplifier stage having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable, which is loaded by the characteristic impedance of the cable at the receiving end in the signal distributing assembly.
  • the high output impedance of the output amplifier absorbs the cable termination impedances across which are developed noise voltages and similar intererences, and for this reason their contribution becomes unimportant. This will provide for a much reduced crosstalk levels between the terminations of the various cables in the bundle in comparison to known solutions.
  • the invention enables the use of lower signal levels, and this in turn causes less stress on the components in the output amplifiers.
  • high impedance and low impedance are relative expressions to be viewed in the light of the standardized cable impedance of 75 ⁇ for each channel in a SCART cordset.
  • a “low impedance” may typically be in the range 0.5 ⁇ to 10 ⁇
  • a “high impedance” may be in the range 2000 ⁇ to 1 M ⁇ .
  • the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable or cables for the video signals is below 75 ⁇ , preferably below 50 ⁇ .
  • the invention advantageously enables the use of lower-impedance cables that display a much reduced diameter and hence contributes to the ease of handling the cordset installations in the home.
  • An advantageous embodiment obtains the high output impedance by means of a dedicated voltage-to-current converter.
  • This may take the form of a simple grounded- base transistor amplifier or be obtained by a sufficiently large series resistor to a voltage amplifier.
  • the transistor will obviously have an upper frequency limit and internal capacities commensurate with the need to perform as desired in the whole frequency range of interest.
  • the termination of the cable with its characteristic impedance is obtained by means of a load resistor in parallel with a voltage follower.
  • the same functionality may be obtained if the input circuit has a low input impedance, by placing a load resistor in series with a current- to-voltage converter.
  • a simple configuration is to use a grounded-base transistor as the input amplifier stage.
  • the invention also relates to transmission means in a wired transmission system, said channel being particular in that the signal in question is used to drive an output amplifier stage having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable, which is loaded at the receiving end by an impedance corresponding to the characteristic impedance of the cable.
  • the transmission means is used for coded digital audio, such as SPDIF.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a cordset according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows the principal components used in one realization of the invention
  • Fig. la a cross section of a SCART cordset according to EN 50 049-1, Type U.
  • the scale is approximately 5:1.
  • the standard specifies coaxial cables (where applicable) having 75 ⁇ characteristic impedance, and these have an outer diameter in the range 5.5-7 mm, dependent on the dielectric.
  • a cordset of such cables containing 6 coaxial cables combined with simple shielded audio cables would have a diameter around 15 mm, however in practice 12 mm diameter will be found, because the characteristic impedance requirement is not fully complied with..
  • Fig. lb is shown the cross section of a typical cordset according to the invention to the same scale as that used for Fig. la.
  • a cordset consists of a bundle of in particular coaxial cables all encased in a sheath and all terminated in suitable plug- and-socket means at the respective ends of the cordset.
  • the cordset contains coaxial cables for the video signals as well as for digital audio signals. Power supply leads for the video source are shown at the centre of the cordset. Furthermore there are wires for control signals.
  • the total outside diameter of this embodiment of the cable of the invention is ca. 7.5 mm. It will be observed that the cross sectional area that determines the stiffness of the cordset is considerably lower in the cordset enabled by the invention than in known cordsets. It should be noted that non-European markets do not use a standardized pin-allocated plug-and-socket at the ends, but individual coaxial connectors for the cables in a bundle. Such a bundle is similarly less unwield
  • FIG. 2 is shown the principle of one channel in a cordset (C) according to the invention.
  • a source of video signal (one component) is shown as a voltage generator 1; in practice it would come as the voltage output of a demodulator of an analogue video recorder or as a decoded video signal from a digital source.
  • This voltage signal is converted to a current in an amplifying stage 2 having a high output impedance in the frequency range of interest.
  • the signal is taken to one (4) of a number of coaxial cables in the cordset (C) via a socket and plug 3.
  • the other end of the coaxial cable is connected by means of a further plug-and-socket 5, where it is terminated by the input circuit 6 of the receiver providing the characteristic impedance Zt of the cable itself.
  • the signal output is subsequently amplified as required in an amplifier, under certain circumstances configured as a current-to-voltage converter 7 and routed according to the control adjustments provided, for use in further equipment connected to the processing and switching unit.
  • Fig. 3 is shown one embodiment of the invention using discrete transistors as the amplifying and impedance-converting elements.
  • the signal from the signal generator 1 is converted into a current by means of resistor Rl to the emitter of transistor TRl in a common-base configuration.
  • the high output impedance of this configuration is used to drive a current through the cable 4, the impedance of which is small in comparison; in the present example it is 45 ⁇ .
  • the signal at the receiving end of the cable 4 is received by a series resistor R2 forming part of the termination of the cable.
  • the correct termination is obtained by means adding the input impedance of the transistor TR2, which is in series with R2.
  • the resistor R3 provides a bias current to both transistors TRl and TR2.
  • the resistor R4 provides the load for the high- impedance output of TR2 and converts the signal back into a voltage.
  • the resistor R4 also provides a direct control, by a single component, of the amplification of this stage.
  • the output voltage is buffered by the voltage follower 8.
  • An artificial ground circuit 9 of a well-known type provides the reference DC potential to the base of transistor TR2. Hereby the DC level on the output of the voltage follower 8 is held at predetermined level, and any temperature influences will be absorbed.
  • a series resistor R5 is connected between the output of the voltage follower 8 and the output.
  • the cordset embodiment of the invention cannot be considered a direct replacement for SCART cordsets according to EN 50049, because the latter is completely specified in order to interconnect arbitrary audiovisual equipment, and it does not take into account the use of digitally coded audio signals.
  • the diameter of the cordset is only 7.5 mm in diameter
  • the diameter of a SCART cordset type U in full accordance with the European Standard is close to 15 mm, unless very high-quality dielectrics are used.
  • the increase in mechanical resilience obtained by the invention due to the reduced diameter is a distinct advantage for distribution in the home.

Abstract

One important source of cross-talk in cabled distribution of video-type signals is the voltage developed over the terminating impedance due to return currents in the shield of several coaxial cables when run in parallel. The invention solves this problem by absorbing the termination impedance in the much higher impedance of a current-output drive (2) for the coaxial cable (4) and by terminating the cable at the receiving end by its characteristic impedance (6).

Description

SYSTEM FOR WIRED TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS FROM A7VIDE0
SOURCE TO A PROCESSING AND SWITCHING UNIT
The invention relates to a distribution system for video signals comprising at least one source of video signals, at least one transmitting device for video signals, a cable or cordset containing several signal carrying wires leading from a transmitter to a receiver in a signal distributing assembly and means for inputting distribution control signals in order to control the signal distributing assembly.
The invention furthermore relates to transmission means for such a system.
In the consumer electronics field it is well known to interconnect sources of video signals, such as VCRs, DVD reproducers, or satellite receiver boxes to a television set or between themselves and further equipment. Habitually this occurs by means of SCART cables (according to CENELEC EN 50 049-1) containing a bundle or cordset of individual coaxial cables carrying signals corresponding to CVBS and to stereo (audio frequency) signals. RGB and YC may also be used, depending on the properties of the equipment in use. This in practice means broad-band (up to 5 MHz) for video and up to 20 kHz for audio, both with negligible time delay distortion in the respective passbands. Such cabled distribution is widely accepted, however due to manufacturing shortcuts the quality is not necessarily good in practice, and in case of long connections (more than 5 metres), a source of noise is increasingly found in the crosstalk between the individual circuits. The crosstalk is caused by the high signal levels carried on these coaxial cables and the corresponding return currents in the shields. These currents generate voltages accross the matched generator impedances, which are added to the desired signal. The crosstalk causes interference patterns and possibly negative representation of some disturbing signals, which are very visible on the actual television screen. In case it is desired to transmit digitally coded audio in the same cordset, such as SPDIF, there is no SCART standard available, and the frequency range and levels are such that interference due to cross-talk is aggravated. In practice, it is desired to provide five video signals (when the source is a DVD), i.e. signals representing R, G, B, Y, and C (albeit on a sub-carrier) as well as two coaxial links for digital audio, furthermore power supply leads and two line level audio frequency signals. The high signal level specified for SCART causes power losses which cause a strain on in particular SMD (surface mounted device) components used at the transmitter side of the connection.
Some related problems of signal transmission have been treated in the prior art. In DK133840B a problem related to time delay distortion of pulses in time multiplex in a case of simultaneous transmission by means of a single conductor (termed "busbar") is counteracted by impedance matching.
In US 5,578,943 digital signals are transmitted on a circuit board, it is however not clear whether there are parallel and independent connections. However, a voltage-to- current converter is used as a transmitter and a current-to-voltage converter is used as a receiver. However the text is completely linked to the embodiment shown, and it is difficult to draw any general teaching from this.
In US 6,150,997 a similar problem to the problem of the present invention is described, however the solution is one of pulse re-shaping at the receiving end, which means that the losses in the cable as such are accepted. Furthermore there is a use of impedance matching at the transmitter side, which has been declared as undesirable above.
It is the purpose of the invention to provide a distribution system that does not suffer from the cross-talk defects discussed above and which is more power efficient than known systems. Furthermore, it is desired that longer cable bundles shall be utilizable without signal degradation. The distribution system must be robust against customer-specified selection of cable length
This is obtained in a system according to the invention, which is particular in that the video signal is used to drive an output amplifier stage having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable, which is loaded by the characteristic impedance of the cable at the receiving end in the signal distributing assembly. It has been realized that the high output impedance of the output amplifier absorbs the cable termination impedances across which are developed noise voltages and similar intererences, and for this reason their contribution becomes unimportant. This will provide for a much reduced crosstalk levels between the terminations of the various cables in the bundle in comparison to known solutions. The invention enables the use of lower signal levels, and this in turn causes less stress on the components in the output amplifiers.
The terms "high impedance" and "low impedance" are relative expressions to be viewed in the light of the standardized cable impedance of 75 Ω for each channel in a SCART cordset. For instance, a "low impedance" may typically be in the range 0.5 Ω to 10 Ω, and a "high impedance" may be in the range 2000 Ω to 1 MΩ.
In a preferred embodiment the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable or cables for the video signals is below 75 Ω, preferably below 50 Ω. The invention advantageously enables the use of lower-impedance cables that display a much reduced diameter and hence contributes to the ease of handling the cordset installations in the home.
An advantageous embodiment obtains the high output impedance by means of a dedicated voltage-to-current converter. This may take the form of a simple grounded- base transistor amplifier or be obtained by a sufficiently large series resistor to a voltage amplifier. The transistor will obviously have an upper frequency limit and internal capacities commensurate with the need to perform as desired in the whole frequency range of interest.
In a further advantageous embodiment the termination of the cable with its characteristic impedance is obtained by means of a load resistor in parallel with a voltage follower. However, the same functionality may be obtained if the input circuit has a low input impedance, by placing a load resistor in series with a current- to-voltage converter. A simple configuration is to use a grounded-base transistor as the input amplifier stage.
The invention also relates to transmission means in a wired transmission system, said channel being particular in that the signal in question is used to drive an output amplifier stage having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable, which is loaded at the receiving end by an impedance corresponding to the characteristic impedance of the cable.
Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment the transmission means is used for coded digital audio, such as SPDIF.
The invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the drawing, in which
Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a cordset according to the invention,
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 3 shows the principal components used in one realization of the invention
In Fig. la is shown a cross section of a SCART cordset according to EN 50 049-1, Type U. The scale is approximately 5:1. The standard specifies coaxial cables (where applicable) having 75 Ω characteristic impedance, and these have an outer diameter in the range 5.5-7 mm, dependent on the dielectric. A cordset of such cables containing 6 coaxial cables combined with simple shielded audio cables would have a diameter around 15 mm, however in practice 12 mm diameter will be found, because the characteristic impedance requirement is not fully complied with..
In Fig. lb is shown the cross section of a typical cordset according to the invention to the same scale as that used for Fig. la. Such a cordset consists of a bundle of in particular coaxial cables all encased in a sheath and all terminated in suitable plug- and-socket means at the respective ends of the cordset. The cordset contains coaxial cables for the video signals as well as for digital audio signals. Power supply leads for the video source are shown at the centre of the cordset. Furthermore there are wires for control signals. The total outside diameter of this embodiment of the cable of the invention is ca. 7.5 mm. It will be observed that the cross sectional area that determines the stiffness of the cordset is considerably lower in the cordset enabled by the invention than in known cordsets. It should be noted that non-European markets do not use a standardized pin-allocated plug-and-socket at the ends, but individual coaxial connectors for the cables in a bundle. Such a bundle is similarly less unwieldy.
In Fig. 2 is shown the principle of one channel in a cordset (C) according to the invention. A source of video signal (one component) is shown as a voltage generator 1; in practice it would come as the voltage output of a demodulator of an analogue video recorder or as a decoded video signal from a digital source. This voltage signal is converted to a current in an amplifying stage 2 having a high output impedance in the frequency range of interest. The signal is taken to one (4) of a number of coaxial cables in the cordset (C) via a socket and plug 3. The other end of the coaxial cable is connected by means of a further plug-and-socket 5, where it is terminated by the input circuit 6 of the receiver providing the characteristic impedance Zt of the cable itself. The signal output is subsequently amplified as required in an amplifier, under certain circumstances configured as a current-to-voltage converter 7 and routed according to the control adjustments provided, for use in further equipment connected to the processing and switching unit.
In Fig. 3 is shown one embodiment of the invention using discrete transistors as the amplifying and impedance-converting elements. The signal from the signal generator 1 is converted into a current by means of resistor Rl to the emitter of transistor TRl in a common-base configuration. The high output impedance of this configuration is used to drive a current through the cable 4, the impedance of which is small in comparison; in the present example it is 45 Ω. The signal at the receiving end of the cable 4 is received by a series resistor R2 forming part of the termination of the cable. The correct termination is obtained by means adding the input impedance of the transistor TR2, which is in series with R2. The resistor R3 provides a bias current to both transistors TRl and TR2. The resistor R4 provides the load for the high- impedance output of TR2 and converts the signal back into a voltage. The resistor R4 also provides a direct control, by a single component, of the amplification of this stage. The output voltage is buffered by the voltage follower 8. An artificial ground circuit 9 of a well-known type provides the reference DC potential to the base of transistor TR2. Hereby the DC level on the output of the voltage follower 8 is held at predetermined level, and any temperature influences will be absorbed. In order to interface with standard 75 Ω circuitry a series resistor R5 is connected between the output of the voltage follower 8 and the output.
It is obvious that the invention may equally be realized by means of integrated circuits.
The cordset embodiment of the invention cannot be considered a direct replacement for SCART cordsets according to EN 50049, because the latter is completely specified in order to interconnect arbitrary audiovisual equipment, and it does not take into account the use of digitally coded audio signals. However, to the extent that the two types of cordset perform identical tasks, there is the added advantage of the present invention that the diameter of the cordset is only 7.5 mm in diameter, whereas the diameter of a SCART cordset type U in full accordance with the European Standard is close to 15 mm, unless very high-quality dielectrics are used. The increase in mechanical resilience obtained by the invention due to the reduced diameter is a distinct advantage for distribution in the home.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the present invention that others skilled in the art can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without undue experimentation and without departing from the generic concept, and therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. The means, materials, and steps for carrying out various disclosed functions may take a variety of forms without departing from the invention.
Thus, the expressions "means to ... " and "means for ...", or any method step language, as may be found in the specification above and/or in the claims below, followed by a functional statement, are intended to define and cover whatever structural, physical, chemical, or electrical element or structure, or whatever method step, which may now or in the future exist which carries out the recited functions, whether or not precisely equivalent to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed in the specification above, i.e., other means or steps for carrying out the same function can be used; and it is intended that such expressions be given their broadest interpretation.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. A system for wired transmission of signals from a video source, such as signals in component form, comprising at least one source of video signals (1), at least one transmitting device for video signals, a cable or coreset (C) containing several signal carrying wires leading from a transmitter to a receiver in a signal distributing assembly and means for inputting distribution control signals in order to control the signal distributing assembly, characterised in that the video signal is used to drive an output amplifier stage (2) having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable (4), which is loaded at the receiving end in the signal distributing assembly by an impedance (6) corresponding to the characteristic impedance of the cable.
2. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable or cables (6) for the video signals is below 75 Ω, preferably below 50 Ω.
3. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the high output impedance is obtained by means of a dedicated voltage-to-current converter (2).
4. A system for wired transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that the output amplifier stage is a grounded-base transistor (TRl).
5. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterised in that the output amplifier stage is a voltage amplifier with a high series resistance.
6. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that the load impedance is obtained by means of a load resistor in parallel with a voltage follower.
7. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterised in that the load impedance is obtained by means of a load resistor (6) in series with a current-to-voltage converter (7).
8. A system for wired transmission according to claim 1, characterised in that the input amplifier stage is a grounded-base transistor (TR2).
9. Transmission means for a video signal for use in a system according to claim 1, characterised in that the video signal is used to drive an output amplifier stage (2) having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable (4), which is loaded at the receiving end in the signal distributing assembly by an impedance (6) matching the characteristic impedance of the cable.
10. Transmission means for a coded digital audio signal for use in a system according to claim 1, characterised in that the coded digital audio signal is used to drive an output amplifier stage (2) having a high output impedance, connected to a coaxial cable (4), which is loaded at the receiving end in the signal distributing assembly by an impedance (6) matching the characteristic impedance of the cable.
PCT/DK2004/000503 2003-07-11 2004-07-12 System for wired transmission of signals from a video source to a processing and switching unit WO2005006739A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04739000A EP1649686A1 (en) 2003-07-11 2004-07-12 System for wired transmission of signals from a video source to a processing and switching unit

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200301069 2003-07-11
DKPA200301069 2003-07-11

Publications (1)

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WO2005006739A1 true WO2005006739A1 (en) 2005-01-20

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257390A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-10-26 Cybex Corporation Extended range computer communications link
WO1994030012A1 (en) * 1993-06-07 1994-12-22 John Aloysius Mcdermott Apparatus for transmission of video information
US20030169374A1 (en) * 2001-06-08 2003-09-11 Cole Gary Dean Method and apparatus for equalizing video transmitted over twisted pair cable

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5257390A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-10-26 Cybex Corporation Extended range computer communications link
WO1994030012A1 (en) * 1993-06-07 1994-12-22 John Aloysius Mcdermott Apparatus for transmission of video information
US20030169374A1 (en) * 2001-06-08 2003-09-11 Cole Gary Dean Method and apparatus for equalizing video transmitted over twisted pair cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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