WO2005011005A1 - 裏面入射型光検出素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
裏面入射型光検出素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005011005A1 WO2005011005A1 PCT/JP2004/010503 JP2004010503W WO2005011005A1 WO 2005011005 A1 WO2005011005 A1 WO 2005011005A1 JP 2004010503 W JP2004010503 W JP 2004010503W WO 2005011005 A1 WO2005011005 A1 WO 2005011005A1
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- window plate
- semiconductor substrate
- impurity semiconductor
- outer edge
- illuminated
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Classifications
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0203—Containers; Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation of photodiodes
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- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03921—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/103—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/105—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier being of the PIN type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/12—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/13—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual bump connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/19—Details of hybrid assemblies other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/191—Disposition
- H01L2924/19101—Disposition of discrete passive components
- H01L2924/19107—Disposition of discrete passive components off-chip wires
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a back-illuminated photodetector and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a P + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 102 and an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 103 are formed on a surface layer on the front side of an N-type silicon substrate 101. Have been.
- An anode electrode 104 and a force source electrode 105 are connected to the P + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 102 and the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 103, respectively.
- bump electrodes 106 made of solder are formed on both electrodes 104 and 105.
- a portion corresponding to the P + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 102 is thinned from the back side. This thinned part becomes the incident part of the light to be detected.
- the back illuminated photodiode 100 is mounted on a ceramic package 107 by flip chip bonding as shown in FIG. That is, it is connected to the bump electrode 106 force S of the back-illuminated photodiode 100 and the solder pad 109 provided on the bottom wiring 108 of the ceramic package 107.
- the bottom wiring 108 is connected to the output terminal pin 110 by wire bonding.
- a window frame 111 is seam-welded to the surface of the ceramic package 107 with a brazing material 112. An opening is formed in the window frame 111 at a position corresponding to the thinned portion of the back illuminated photodiode 100, and a transmission window material 113 such as Kovar glass for transmitting the light to be detected is provided in the opening. Let's do it.
- Patent document 1 JP-A-9-219421
- the back-illuminated photodiode uses a ceramic package, but the above configuration has a problem that the package becomes large.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a CSP (chip size package) for semiconductor electronic components.
- the technology is disclosed.
- semiconductor electronic components were fabricated. Both surfaces were sealed with an organic material such as resin, and openings were formed by photolithography in an organic material provided on one side of the wafer. An electrode is formed in the opening.
- the above-mentioned CSP technology is applied to back-illuminated photodiodes, and it is possible to reduce the package size.
- the following problems occur. That is, in the case of a back-illuminated photodiode in which the back surface is sealed with resin, the surface of the resin is the incident surface of the detection light. However, it may be difficult to sufficiently flatten the resin surface at the wavelength level of the light to be detected. If the resin surface is not sufficiently flattened, the incident surface of the light to be detected becomes rough, so that the light to be detected is scattered on the incident surface. The scattering of the light to be detected leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the back illuminated photodiode.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has a back-illuminated type photodetector capable of sufficiently reducing the size of a package and suppressing scattering of light to be detected. It is intended to provide a manufacturing method.
- a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention is provided on a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate, a surface layer on the first surface side of the semiconductor substrate, and a second conductivity type impurity semiconductor region.
- a concave portion formed in a region of the second surface facing the impurity semiconductor region and through which the light to be detected enters; a window plate joined to an outer edge of the concave portion so as to cover the concave portion and transmitting the light to be detected; It is characterized by having.
- a window plate is joined to the outer edge of the semiconductor substrate. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodetector can be obtained. Therefore, a back-illuminated photodetector having a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the surface of the window plate is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the detected light on the incident surface is suppressed.
- the back illuminated photodetector is provided on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and supports the semiconductor substrate. It is preferable to provide a supporting film to be held. In this case, the mechanical strength of the back illuminated photodetector is improved.
- the back-illuminated photodetector element includes a filling electrode that penetrates the support film and has one end electrically connected to the impurity layer. In this case, the detection signal can be easily taken out of the back illuminated photodetector.
- the window plate is preferably made of a light-transmitting member, and is preferably joined to the outer edge by anodic bonding. In this case, at the interface between the window plate and the outer edge, both can be firmly joined.
- the light-transmitting member is quartz (colts), and the window plate is joined to the outer edge portion through glass containing an alkali metal formed on the window plate.
- the glass containing an alkali metal is, for example, Pyrex (registered trademark) glass, and ensures strong anodic bonding between the window plate made of quartz and the outer edge portion.
- the window plate is joined to the outer edge portion via a metal layer.
- the window plate and the outer edge are firmly joined by metal joining.
- the back illuminated photodetector may be characterized in that a step is formed on the side surface of the semiconductor substrate or the side surface of the window plate. This step is formed by performing dicing in a plurality of stages and using blades having different thicknesses in each stage. If dicing is performed in a plurality of stages, dicing can be performed by using a blade suitable for each of a semiconductor substrate and a window plate having different hardnesses. For this reason, it is possible to prevent occurrence of chipping at the interface between the semiconductor substrate and the window plate during dicing.
- a high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer to which a first conductivity type impurity is added at a high concentration is provided on a surface layer on a second surface side of an outer edge portion of the semiconductor substrate.
- a crystal defect is generated near the surface on the second surface side of the outer edge, ⁇ current and noise due to unnecessary carriers generated due to the crystal defect can be removed by the high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer. It can be suppressed by providing.
- a high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer in which impurities of the first conductivity type are added at a high concentration is provided on the bottom surface of the concave portion. is there.
- This high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer functions as an accumulation layer. Thereby, the carriers generated by the incidence of the light to be detected can be effectively guided to the PN junction by the electric field distribution, and the sensitivity is improved.
- a high-concentration impurity semiconductor region to which a first-conductivity-type impurity is added at a high concentration is exposed on the entire side surface of the semiconductor substrate. In this case, even if the side surface of the semiconductor substrate is mechanically damaged by dicing or the like, a high-concentration impurity semiconductor region is provided to reduce ⁇ current and noise caused by unnecessary carriers generated near the side surface of the semiconductor substrate. This can be suppressed.
- the cross section of the window plate in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction is a quadrangle with at least one corner cut out. In this case, occurrence of chipping at the time of dicing of the back-illuminated photodetector is suppressed.
- the method of manufacturing a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention is a method of forming an impurity semiconductor region for forming an impurity semiconductor region of the second conductivity type on a surface layer on the first surface side of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type.
- a step of forming a recess in which light to be detected is incident on a region of the second surface of the semiconductor substrate facing the impurity semiconductor region, and a window plate that transmits the light to be detected so as to cover the recess.
- the window plate is bonded to the outer edge of the semiconductor substrate in the window plate bonding step. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodetector can be obtained. Therefore, according to this manufacturing method, a back illuminated photodetector having a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the window plate is made of a light-transmitting member, and in the window plate joining step, it is preferable to join the window plate to the outer edge portion by anodic bonding. In this case, the two can be firmly joined at the interface between the window plate and the outer edge.
- the window plate joining step it is preferable to join the window plate to the outer edge portion via a metal layer. In this case, the window plate and the outer edge are firmly joined by metal joining.
- the impurity semiconductor region forming step a plurality of impurity semiconductor regions are formed, and in the concave portion forming step, concave portions are formed in each of the plurality of impurity semiconductor regions.
- the first surface of the semiconductor substrate is bonded to the outer edge portion so as to cover the plurality of recesses, and the plurality of pairs of the impurity semiconductor region and the recesses facing the impurity semiconductor region are divided into pairs. It is preferable to provide a dicing step of dicing the surface of the window plate into a plurality of stages.
- dicing can be performed on the semiconductor substrate and the window plate in different stages.
- dicing from the first surface of the semiconductor substrate to the surface of the window plate does not limit the dicing direction. That is, in the dicing step, dicing may be performed from the first surface side to the second surface side of the semiconductor substrate, or from the second surface side to the first surface side;
- a back-illuminated photodetector capable of sufficiently reducing the size of a package and suppressing scattering of light to be detected, and a method for manufacturing the same are realized.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 3 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 4 is a process drawing showing a method for manufacturing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 5 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 6 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 7 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 8 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 9 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 10 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 11 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 12 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 15 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- Garden 17 is a process drawing showing a method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining a modification of the dicing step shown in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure example of a back-illuminated photodiode obtained by the dicing step described in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure example of a back-illuminated photodiode obtained by the dicing step described in FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure example of a back-illuminated photodiode obtained by the dicing step described in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure example of a back-illuminated photodiode obtained by the dicing step described in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a second modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a third modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing a state of the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1 when a wafer before dicing is viewed from the window plate 13 side.
- FIG. 27 is a plan view showing a state of the back-illuminated photodiode lc of FIG. 25 when the wafer before dicing is viewed from the window plate 13 side.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a view illustrating an example of a method of forming N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 in FIG. 28.
- FIG. 30 is a view illustrating an example of a method of forming N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 in FIG. 28.
- FIG. 31 is a view illustrating an example of a method of forming N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 in FIG. 28.
- FIG. 32 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- Garden 33 FIG. 32 is a sectional view of the back illuminated photodiode array 3 shown in FIG. 32, taken along the line XX—XX.
- FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the back illuminated photodiode array 3 in FIG. 33.
- FIG. 35 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 37 is a process chart showing a method of manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 38 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 39 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 40 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 41 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 42 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 4 shown in FIG. 35.
- FIG. 43 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 44 is a process diagram showing a method for manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 4 of FIG. 35.
- FIG. 45 is a view showing a step of the method for producing a back-illuminated photodiode 4 shown in FIG. 35.
- FIG. 46 is a view showing a step of the method for producing a back-illuminated photodiode 4 shown in FIG. 35.
- FIG. 47 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 48 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 49 is a process diagram showing a method for manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 50 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- 51 is a process diagram showing a method of manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 52 is a process diagram showing a method for manufacturing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 53 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 54 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 55 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 56 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 57 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 5 of FIG. 47.
- FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 59 is a process view showing a method for manufacturing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 60 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 61 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 62 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 63 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 64 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 65 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 66 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 67 is a view showing a step of the method for producing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 68 is a view showing a step of the method for manufacturing the back-illuminated photodiode 6 of FIG. 58.
- FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional back illuminated photodiode.
- intermediary metal layer 21, 61 ⁇ N + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor layer, 22, 28, 62 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor body regions , 23, 24, 63, 64 ... insulating film, 25, 65 ... anode electrode, 26, 66 ... force electrode electrode, 31, 71 ... passivation film, 32, 72 ... support film, 33a, 33b, 73a, 73b ... filling Electrode, 34a, 34b, 74a, 74b---UBM, 35a, 35b, 75a, 75b ... bump, SI ... top surface, S2 ... back surface, S3 ... bottom surface of recess, S4-side surface of N-type semiconductor substrate 20.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- the back illuminated photodiode 1 receives the detection light from the back side, generates carriers by the incidence of the detection light, and outputs the generated carrier as a detection signal from the front side.
- the back illuminated photodiode 1 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 10, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, a concave portion 12, and a window plate 13.
- the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 for example, a silicon substrate to which an N-type impurity such as phosphorus is added can be used.
- the impurity concentration of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is, for example, 10 12 -10 15 / cm 3 .
- the thickness tl of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is, for example, 200 to 500 ⁇ m.
- An upper surface (first surface) of N-type semiconductor substrate 10 has a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 formed in a part of the surface layer on the SI side.
- the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is doped with a P-type impurity such as boron, and forms a pn junction with the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the impurity concentration of the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is, for example, 10 15 to 10 2 ° / cm 3 .
- the depth of the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is, for example, 0.1-20 ⁇ — ⁇ .
- the concave portion 12 becomes an incident portion of the light to be detected.
- the recess 12 has a shape whose width gradually decreases from the rear surface S2 to the upper surface S1.
- the shape of the concave portion 12 can be, for example, a quadrangular pyramid shape or a tapered shape in which the width gradually decreases from the rear surface S2 to the upper surface S1.
- the depth of the concave portion 12 is, for example, 2400 ⁇ m.
- a region of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 sandwiched between the concave bottom surface S3 and the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is generated by the incident light to be detected from the rear surface S2 side.
- the carrier is made thinner than the other regions so that carriers easily reach the vicinity of the P + type impurity semiconductor region 11 provided on the upper surface S1 side surface layer.
- the thickness of the thinned region is, for example, 10200 ⁇ m.
- a window plate 13 is provided on the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the recess 12. This joining is performed via a resin layer 15 provided between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14.
- the window plate 13 has a flat plate shape and is made of a material having a sufficient transmittance for the wavelength of the light to be detected.
- the window plate 13 covers the concave portion 12 and seals the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- a material for the window plate 13 for example, For example, glass or an optical crystal can be used. Specific examples of the material of the window plate 13 include Ishige, Safaya, Kovar glass, and the like.
- the thickness of the window plate 13 is, for example, 0.2 mm-1 mm. Further, the window plate 13 may be provided with an AR (Anti Reflection) coating.
- the outer edge portion 14 refers to a portion of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 that surrounds the concave portion 12 from the side.
- the resin of the resin layer 15 may be, for example, an epoxy-based, silicone-based, acrylic-based, or polyimide-based resin, or a composite material thereof.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 1 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21, an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, insulating films 23 and 24, an anode electrode 25, and a force source electrode 26. ing.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 has an N-type impurity added at a higher concentration than the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the impurity concentration of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is, for example, 10 15 to 10 2 Q / cm 3 .
- the depth of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is, for example, 0.1 to 20 ⁇ .
- the ⁇ + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is formed on the surface layer on the upper surface S1 side of the ⁇ -type semiconductor substrate 10 at a predetermined distance from the ⁇ + -type impurity semiconductor region 11.
- New + -type high concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is likewise New type impurity and New + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor layer 21 is highly doped, a contact layer of the force cathode electrode 26 to be described later.
- the impurity concentration of the ⁇ + type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is, for example, 10 15 10 2 ° / cm 3 .
- the depth of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is, for example, 0.130 zm.
- the insulating film 23 and the insulating film 24 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the rear surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, respectively.
- the insulating films 23 and 24 have, for example, SiO force.
- the thickness of the insulating film 23 is
- Openings (contact holes) 23a and 23b are formed in the insulating film 23.
- One of the openings 23a is in the portion of the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, and the other is a N + -type high-concentration impurity.
- the part semiconductor region 22 Provided in the part semiconductor region 22.
- An anode electrode 25 and a cathode electrode 26 are formed in regions including the openings 23a and 23b on the insulating film 23, respectively.
- the thickness of these electrodes 25 and 26 is, for example, 1 / im.
- These electrodes 25 and 26 are provided so as to fill the openings 23a and 23b, respectively.
- the anode electrode 25 is directly connected to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 through the opening 23a
- the force source electrode 26 is directly connected to the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 through the opening 23b.
- A1 is used as the anode electrode 25 and the force sword electrode 26, for example.
- the back illuminated photodiode 1 further includes a passivation film 31, a support film 32, filling electrodes 33a and 33b, UBMs (Under Bump Metal) 34a and 34b, and pumps 35a and 35b.
- the passivation film 31 is provided on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 so as to cover the insulating film 23, the anode electrode 25, and the force source electrode 26. Further, in the portion of the passivation film 31 provided on the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26, a through-hole 31a is formed to be filled with filling electrodes 33a and 33b described later.
- the passivation film 31 is made of, for example, SiN and protects the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the passivation film 31 can be formed by, for example, a plasma CVD method. Further, the thickness of the passivation film 31 is, for example, ⁇ .
- the support film 32 is formed on the noise film 31.
- the support film 32 supports the ⁇ -type semiconductor substrate 10. Further, in a portion of the support film 32 corresponding to the through hole 31a of the passivation film 31, a through hole 32a is formed to fill the filling electrodes 33a and 33b together with the through hole 31a.
- a material of the support film 32 for example, a resin or a Si film that can be formed by plasma CVD or the like can be used. Also, the thickness of the support film 32
- Is for example, about 2- ⁇ m, preferably about 50 ⁇ m.
- Filling electrodes 33a and 33b are filled in through holes 31a and 32a, and have one end in contact with anode electrode 25 and force source electrode 26, respectively, so that P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and N + -type It is electrically connected to the high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22.
- the other ends of the filling electrodes 33 a and 33 b are both exposed on the surface of the support film 32. That is, the filling electrodes 33a and 33b penetrate the passivation film 31 and the support film 32, and extend from the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to the surface of the support film 32, respectively.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b have a substantially columnar shape.
- These filling electrodes 33a and 33b are for electrically connecting the electrodes 25 and 26 to bumps 35a and 35b described later.
- Filled electrodes 33a, 33b It consists of Cu.
- the diameter of the through holes 31a, 32a is, for example, 10 200 zm, preferably about 100 xm.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed in portions of the filling electrodes 33a and 33b exposed on the surface of the support film 32.
- the UBMs 34a and 34b are made of, for example, Ni and Au laminated films.
- the thickness of the UBMs 34a and 34b is, for example, 0.1 to 10 zm.
- the bumps 35a and 35b are electrically connected to the anode electrode 25 and the cathode electrode 26, respectively.
- the bumps 35a and 35b are substantially spherical except for the contact surfaces with the UBMs 34a and 34b.
- solder, gold, Ni—Au, Cu, or a resin containing a metal filler can be used as the bumps 35a and 35b.
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the back-illuminated photodiode 1 having the above configuration.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 1 is diced so that the overall shape except for the UBMs 34a and 34b and the bumps 35a and 35b is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
- the illustration of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 and the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 exposed on the side surface of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is omitted.
- the operation of the back illuminated photodiode 1 will be described.
- a reverse bias voltage is applied to the back illuminated photodiode 1 and a depletion layer is formed in the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 around a thinned region.
- the light to be detected that has passed through the window plate 13 and entered the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 from the concave portion 12 is mainly absorbed in a thinned region, and carriers (holes and electrons) are generated in this region.
- the generated holes and electrons move to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 according to the reverse bias electric field.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodiode 1 can be obtained. Therefore, the back of the package is small enough
- the surface illuminated photodiode 1 is realized.
- the manufacturing cost of the back illuminated photodiode 1 can be reduced by the amount that the ceramic package and the like are unnecessary.
- the window plate 13 improves the reliability of the back-illuminated photodiode 1 by sealing the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. As described above, an inexpensive, highly reliable and small back-illuminated photodiode 1 is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 13 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 13 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. Thus, a back-illuminated photodiode 1 capable of high-sensitivity light detection is realized.
- the provision of the window plate 13 improves the mechanical strength of the back illuminated photodiode 1.
- the incident portion of the detection light is the concave portion 12. Therefore, the window plate 13 joined to the outer edge portion 14 having a structure protruding from the bottom surface S3 of the concave portion 12 does not come into contact with the bottom surface S3 which is the incident surface of the light to be detected with respect to the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. For this reason, since the bottom surface S3 is prevented from being damaged by contact with the window plate 13, a decrease in sensitivity and an increase in dark current and noise can be suppressed.
- the provision of the support film 32 improves the mechanical strength of the back illuminated photodiode 1.
- a back-illuminated photodiode in which a part of the substrate is thinned it is generally required to handle the thinned part so that the thinned part is not damaged.
- the back illuminated photodiode 1 is easily broken due to the improvement in mechanical strength, and therefore is easy to handle.
- the back illuminated photodiode 1 is hard to be damaged, so that dicing is easy.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b may be formed on the side walls of the through holes 31a and 32a, and may be electrically connected to the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S 2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. Provided on the surface of the back surface S2, which is exposed on the bottom surface S3 of the recess 12 The N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 functions as an accumulation layer. Thereby, carriers generated in the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 can be effectively guided to the PN junction on the upper surface S1 side by the electric field distribution. Therefore, a more highly sensitive back-illuminated photodiode 1 is realized.
- the impurity concentration of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is preferably 10 15 Zcm 3 or more. In this case, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 can suitably function as an accumulation layer.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 provided on the surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the outer edge portion 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 may have a crystal defect in the outer edge portion 14. Therefore, current and noise generated due to crystal defects can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the back-illuminated photodiode 1, a detection signal can be obtained with a high SN ratio.
- the impurity concentration of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is preferably 10 15 / cm 3 or more. In this case, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 can sufficiently suppress dark current and noise generated due to crystal defects.
- an N-type semiconductor substrate 10 made of an N-type silicon wafer whose upper surface S1 and back surface S2 are (100) surfaces is prepared.
- an insulating film having Si strength is formed on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. Insulating film
- An opening is formed in a predetermined portion, and the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is doped with phosphorus through the opening to form an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22. Thereafter, the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is oxidized to form an insulating film on the upper surface S1. Similarly, an opening is formed in a predetermined portion of the insulating film, and the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is doped with boron from the opening to form a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 (impurity semiconductor region forming step). Thereafter, the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is oxidized to form an insulating film 23 on the upper surface S1. Next, the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is polished (FIG. 3).
- SiN84 is deposited on the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 by LP-CVD (see FIG.
- an opening 85 is formed in the SiN 84 on the back surface S2 to form the concave portion 12 (FIG. 5).
- the concave portion 12 is formed by performing etching using K ⁇ H or the like from the opening 85 (recess forming process) (FIG. 6).
- the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 in which the concave portion 12 is formed is doped with an N-type impurity by ion implantation or the like, so that the back surface S2 side
- an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer (FIG. 7).
- an insulating film 24 is formed on the back surface S2 by performing thermal oxidation (FIG. 8).
- a contact hole for an electrode is formed in the insulating film 23 on the upper surface S1, and aluminum is deposited on the upper surface S1 and a predetermined pattern is applied from a force to form an anode electrode 25 and a force sword electrode 26 (FIG. 9). ).
- a passivation film 31 made of SiN is deposited on the upper surface S 1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 on which the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 are formed by a plasma CVD method. Further, through holes 31a are formed in portions of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the bumps 35a and 35b (FIG. 10). Further, a thick support film 32 made of a resin or an inorganic insulating film is formed on the upper surface S1, and a through-hole 32a is formed in a portion of the nodding film 31 corresponding to the through-hole 31a.
- the supporting film 32 for example, an epoxy-based, acrylic-based, or polyimide-based material can be used as long as it is a resin, and CV D or SVG (Spin On-glass (SiO) or the like can be used.
- the through-hole 32a of the support film 32 can be formed by photolithography using a photosensitive resin, for example, or can be formed by patterning by etching or the like (FIG. 11).
- a conductive member 33 made of Cu is deposited on the upper surface S1 so as to fill the through holes 31a and the through holes 32a.
- the Cu seed layer is plated on the Cu seed layer by plating. This can be performed by depositing Cu or the like. Note that an intervening metal (not shown) is provided on the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to improve the bonding with the conductive member 33 (FIG. 12).
- the conductive member 33 deposited on the support film 32 is removed by polishing the surface of the conductive member 33. Thereby, filling electrodes 33a and 33b are formed (FIG. 13).
- the window plate 13 is bonded on the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate using the outer edge portion 14 of the concave portion 12 as a bonding portion (window plate bonding step). This bonding is performed via a resin layer 15 in which a resin layer 15 is previously formed at a position corresponding to the outer edge portion 14 of the window plate 13 by printing or the like. This Thereby, the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is sealed. Note that it is preferable to use a B-stage resin or a thermoplastic resin for the resin layer 15.
- the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined in a state where the resin is in a liquid phase, it is preferable to use a resin having high viscosity. Further, the joining of the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is preferably performed in a dry N atmosphere (see FIG.
- UBMs 34a and 34b each made of a laminated film of Ni and Au are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b on the upper surface S1 by electroless plating. Furthermore, bumps 35a and 35b made of solder or the like are formed on the UBMs 34a and 34b by printing or a ball mounting method (FIG. 15).
- dicing is performed to obtain the individualized back illuminated photodiode 1 (dicing step).
- a cut is made at the center of each outer edge portion 14 on the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- Dicing is performed from the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 to the rear surface S2 side.
- the wafer shown in FIG. 16 is diced in the order of the support film 32, the passivation film 31, the insulating film 23, the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, the insulating film 24, the resin layer 15, and the window plate 13.
- the wafer shown in FIG. 16 is singulated to obtain a back illuminated photodiode 1 having one pair of a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and a concave portion 12 (FIG. 17).
- the window plate 13 is bonded to the outer edge portion 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 in the window plate bonding step (see FIG. 14).
- FIG. 18 is a view for explaining a modification of the dicing step shown in FIG.
- dicing may be performed in multiple stages. For example As a first step, dicing from the support film 32 to a part of the window plate 13 is performed. Figure 18 shows the state of the wafer immediately after the completion of the first stage. A cut C is formed in the diced part. Then, dicing of the remaining portion of the window plate 13 is performed as a second stage. In the second stage dicing, a case is shown in which a blade that is thinner than the first stage is used.
- the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 and the window plate 13 can be diced in different stages. This makes it possible to perform dicing using blades suitable for the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 and the window plate 13 having different hardnesses. That is, the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 and the window plate 13 can be diced with blades made of different materials suitable for the respective hardnesses. Therefore, it is possible to prevent occurrence of chipping (crack) at the interface between the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 and the window plate 13 during dicing.
- chipping chipping
- the position where the first-stage dicing ends (in other words, the position where the second-stage dicing starts) Is preferably near the interface between the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 and the window plate 13.
- FIGS. 19 to 22 show examples of the structure of the back illuminated photodiode obtained by the dicing step described with reference to FIG.
- the first-stage dicing was applied to the side surface of the window plate 13, as shown in Fig. 19, because dicing was performed using blades having different thicknesses in the first and second stages.
- a step ST is formed at a predetermined position near the interface with the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 corresponding to the completed position.
- a step is formed near the interface with the window plate 13 on the side surface of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- An ST is formed. 19 and 20, the window plate 13 side is higher than the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 side from the step ST.
- the dicing may be performed from the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 to the top surface S1 side.
- dicing from the window plate 13 to a part of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is performed as a first step, and dicing from the remaining part of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 to the support film 32 is performed as a second step.
- a step ST is formed on the side surface of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. Is done.
- the first-stage dicing is completed in the middle of the window plate 13
- a step ST is formed on the side surface of the window plate 13, as shown in FIG. In FIGS. 21 and 22, the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 side is higher than the window plate 13 side from the step ST.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG.
- the back-illuminated photodiode la differs from the back-illuminated photodiode 1 in FIG. 1 in the shape of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21.
- Other configurations of the back illuminated photodiode la are the same as those of the back illuminated photodiode 1. That is, in the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed with a substantially uniform thickness over the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. In the back-illuminated photodiode la, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed such that a portion provided on the surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the outer edge portion 14 is thicker than other portions.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 provided on the bottom surface S3 of the concave portion 12 can function as an accumulation layer.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 provided on the surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the outer edge portion 14 is generated due to the crystal defect even when the outer edge portion 14 has a crystal defect. Dark current and noise can be suppressed.
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a second modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG.
- the back-illuminated photodiode lb is different from the back-illuminated photodiode 1 in FIG. 1 in the shape of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21.
- Other configurations of the back illuminated photodiode la are the same as those of the back illuminated photodiode 1. That is, in the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1, the N + -type high concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, whereas in the back illuminated photodiode lb.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed only in the concave portion 12 in the surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. Also in this back-illuminated photodiode lb, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 provided on the bottom surface S3 of the concave portion 12 functions as an accumulation layer.
- FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a third modification of the back illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG.
- the back-illuminated photodiode lc has a notch 13a formed in the window plate 13 as shown in FIG. This is different from the back-illuminated photodiode 1 described above.
- the remaining configuration of the back illuminated photodiode lc is the same as that of the back illuminated photodiode 1.
- the window plate 13 has a rectangular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction, and cutout portions 13a are formed at four corners of the square.
- the shape of the cutout portion 13a is a sector with a central angle of 90 ° centered on the corner of the square in the above cross section.
- the shape of the notch 13a in the cross section is not limited to a sector shape, but may be a square shape.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing the back-illuminated photodiode 1 of FIG. 1 when a wafer before dicing (for example, Ueno in the state shown in FIG. 16) is viewed from the window plate 13 side.
- a portion where the concave portion 12 is formed is indicated by a broken line L2.
- the recesses 12 are arranged at regular intervals in a grid pattern on the wafer before dicing.
- the dicing line at the time of dicing is indicated by a dashed line L3.
- the dicing lines are set in the up-down direction and the left-right direction in the figure, and the dicing lines pass between the concave portions 12 adjacent to each other.
- Each area surrounded by the dicing line corresponds to the back-illuminated photodiode 1 after dicing.
- the corner of the window plate 13 in the back-illuminated photodiode 1 after dicing corresponds to the position P where two dicing lines intersect.
- the position corresponding to the position P on the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, that is, the four corners of the back surface S2 are intensively subjected to stress at the time of dicing, so that chipping may occur 1 ".
- the notch 13a is formed at the corner of the window plate 13 so as to avoid dicing of the window plate 13 at the position P where the dicing lines intersect. ing.
- the stress applied to the four corners of the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is reduced, so that in the back-illuminated photodiode lc, occurrence of chipping during dicing is suppressed.
- FIG. 27 shows the wafer before dicing for the back illuminated photodiode lc of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state when viewed from the window plate 13 side. As shown in this plan view, a columnar hole 13b is formed at a position P where the dicing lines intersect. The hole 13b is formed in the window plate 13 and penetrates the window plate 13. The notch 13a is derived from the hole 13b. That is, the hole portion 13b is divided into four equal portions by dicing, and becomes the cutout portion 13a in the back illuminated photodiode lc.
- the window plate 13 in which the hole 13b is formed in advance at a predetermined position is placed on the N-type semiconductor substrate so that the position P where the dicing line intersects and the hole 13b coincide. I'll stick it on the back side of 10 S2.
- the hole 13b is not limited to a columnar one, but may be a prismatic one.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- the back illuminated photodiode 2 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 20, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, a concave portion 12, and a window plate 13.
- a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is formed in a part of the surface layer on the upper surface S 1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20.
- a recess 12 is formed in a region of the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 opposite to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11. Further, a window plate 13 is joined to an outer edge portion 14 of the concave portion 12 via a resin layer 15.
- the back illuminated photodiode 2 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28, insulating films 23 and 24, an anode electrode 25, and a force source electrode 26.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 is formed so as to be exposed on the entire side surface S4 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. Further, the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 reaches the entire back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. Therefore, in the N-type semiconductor substrate 20, the portion 20a where neither the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 are formed is the side surface S4 and the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. From the side, it is completely surrounded by an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28.
- FIG. 29 An example of a method for forming the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 will be described with reference to FIG.
- an N-type semiconductor substrate 20 is prepared.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 41 extends from the rear surface S2 except for a part on the upper surface S1 side. A part of the remaining upper surface S1 side is more impure than the N + type high concentration impurity semiconductor layer 41.
- the N-type impurity semiconductor layer 42 has a low material concentration (FIG. 29).
- an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 43 is formed by diffusing an N-type impurity at a high concentration from the upper surface S1 side (FIG. 30).
- N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 43 reaches the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 41 (FIG. 31).
- N + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor layer 41 and the N + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor region consisting of 43 N + -type highly-doped impurity semiconductor region 28 is formed.
- the regions where the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and the concave portion 12 are formed are indicated by broken lines L4 and L5, respectively. According to this method, the manufacturing process of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 is simplified, and the manufacturing process of the fins and the entire back-illuminated photodiode 2 is simplified.
- an insulating film 23 and an insulating film 24 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the lower surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20, respectively.
- openings 23a and 23b are formed in the insulating film 23.
- One opening 23a is formed in the portion of the P + type impurity semiconductor region 11 and the other opening 23b is formed in the N + type high concentration impurity semiconductor region 28. It is provided in the part.
- An anode electrode 25 and a cathode electrode 26 are formed in regions including the openings 23a and 23b on the insulating film 23, respectively. These electrodes 25 and 26 are provided so as to fill the openings 23a and 23b, respectively.
- the anode electrode 25 is directly connected to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 through the opening 23a, and the force source electrode 26 is directly connected to the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 through the opening 23b.
- the back illuminated photodiode 2 includes a passivation film 31, a support film 32, filling electrodes 33a and 33b, UBMs 34a and 34b, and pumps 35a and 35b.
- the passivation film 31 is provided on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 so as to cover the insulating film 23, the anode electrode 25, and the force source electrode 26.
- a support film 32 is formed on the passivation film 31, a support film 32 is formed.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b penetrate the passivation film 31 and the support film 32, and extend from the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to the surface of the support film 32, respectively.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on portions of the filling electrodes 33a and 33b that are exposed on the surface of the support film 32, and are formed.
- Bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b of the UBMs 34a and 34b and on the surface of the opposite side J.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodiode 2 can be obtained. Therefore, a back-illuminated photodiode 2 with a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 13 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 13 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. As a result, a back-illuminated photodiode 2 capable of detecting light with high sensitivity is realized.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 is formed so as to be exposed on the entire side surface S 4 of the force-type semiconductor substrate 20. Thereby, the negative current and noise generated near the side surface S4 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 can be suppressed by the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28. Since the side surface S4 hits the dicing line, crystal defects may be generated during dicing, but dark current and noise generated due to such crystal defects are also suppressed by the N + type high concentration impurity semiconductor region 28. It is. For this reason, according to the back illuminated photodiode 2, it is possible to obtain a detection signal with a higher SN ratio.
- a part 20a of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 is completely surrounded by the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor regions 28 from the side surface S4 and the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20.
- a PIN structure in which the enclosed portion 20a is the I layer is realized.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 2 has such a PIN structure that the sensitivity is increased by increasing the length of light absorption by increasing the thickness of the depletion layer, and the distance between the electric double layers is increased by increasing the thickness of the depletion layer. As a result, the capacity decreases and high-speed response becomes possible.
- FIG. 32 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- the back-illuminated photodiode array 3 is composed of a total of 64 back-illuminated photodiodes arranged in a grid pattern, each of which has a length and breadth of 8 systems. The arrangement pitch of these photodiodes is, for example, lmm.
- FIG. 32 shows a state when the back illuminated photodiode array 3 is viewed from the back side.
- the back surface of each photodiode is covered with a window plate, similarly to the back-illuminated photodiode 1 in FIG.
- the formed portion is indicated by a broken line L6.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the back illuminated photodiode array 3 shown in FIG. 32, taken along the line XX—XX. In this cross-sectional view, two photodiodes Pl and P2 of the 64 photodiodes shown in FIG. 32 are shown. As shown in FIG. 33, the back illuminated photodiode array 3 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 50, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51, a concave portion 52, and a window plate 53.
- a plurality of P + -type impurity semiconductor regions 51 are formed. These P + -type impurity semiconductor regions 51 are provided for the photodiodes PI and P2, respectively.
- the area of each P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51 is, for example, 0.75 ⁇ 0.75 mm 2 .
- a concave portion 52 is formed in a region of the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50 opposite to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51.
- a plurality of concave portions 52 are formed with the provision of the plurality of P + -type impurity semiconductor regions 51.
- a pair of the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51 and the concave portion 52 are provided for each of the photodiodes PI and P2. Further, a window plate 53 is joined to an outer edge portion 54 of the concave portion 52 via a resin layer 55.
- the back illuminated photodiode array 3 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 61, an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 62, insulating films 63 and 64, an anode electrode 65, and a force source electrode 66.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 61 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 62 is formed in a surface layer on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 62 is desirably provided so as to surround the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51 constituting each photodiode.
- An insulating film 63 and an insulating film 64 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the rear surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50, respectively. Openings 63a and 63b are formed in the insulating film 63. One of the openings 63a is located at the portion of the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51, and the other opening 63b is located at the portion of the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 62. It is provided in
- An anode electrode 65 and a cathode electrode 66 are formed in regions including the openings 63a and 63b on the insulating film 63, respectively.
- the anode electrode 65 and the force electrode 66 are provided for each of the photodiodes PI and P2. In addition, these electrodes 65 and 66 are open respectively.
- the ports 63a and 63b are provided so as to be filled.
- the anode electrode 65 is directly connected to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51 through the opening 63a
- the force source electrode 66 is directly connected to the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 62 through the opening 63b.
- the back illuminated photodiode array 3 further includes a passivation film 71, a support film 72, filling electrodes 73a and 73b, UBMs 74a and 74b, and pumps 75a and 75b.
- the passivation film 71 is provided on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50 so as to cover the insulating film 63, the anode electrode 65, and the force source electrode 66.
- a support film 72 is formed on the passivation film 71. Further, the filling electrodes 73a and 73b penetrate the passivation film 71 and the support film 72, and extend from the anode electrode 65 and the force source electrode 66 to the surface of the support film 72, respectively.
- UBMs 74a and 74b are formed on portions of the filling electrodes 73a and 73b exposed on the surface of the support film 72, and are formed.
- Bumps 75a and 75b are formed on the surfaces of the UBMs 74a and 74b opposite to the filling electrodes 73a and 73b.
- the window plate 53 is joined to the outer edge 54 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 50. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that it is possible to obtain a back-illuminated photodiode array 3 with a perfect array size without any extra parts around the array. Therefore, a back-illuminated photodiode array 3 with a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 53 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 53 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. As a result, a back-illuminated photodiode array 3 capable of high-sensitivity light detection is realized.
- P + -type impurity semiconductor regions 51 are formed in a plurality of regions on the surface layer on the upper surface S 1 side of N-type semiconductor substrate 50, and face each P + -type impurity semiconductor region 51 on back surface S 2.
- the concave portion 52 By forming the concave portion 52 in the region, a plurality of photodiodes are formed. Therefore, the back illuminated photodiode array 3 can be suitably used for an image sensor or the like in which each photodiode corresponds to one pixel.
- FIG. 34 is a sectional view showing a modification of the back illuminated photodiode array 3 of FIG.
- the back illuminated photodiode array 3a is different from the back illuminated photodiode array 3 in FIG. 33 in that the resin layer 55 is provided only on a part of the outer edge portion 54.
- Other configurations of the back illuminated photodiode array 3a are the same as those of the back illuminated photodiode array 3. That is, in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 34, the resin layer 55 is provided only between the outer edge portions 54 at both ends and the window plate 53, and the resin layer 55 is provided between the outer edge portion 54 at the center and the window plate 53. Not provided.
- the 64 concave portions indicated by the broken line L6 are considered as being divided into sets of four (two in the vertical and horizontal directions) concave portions that are closest to each other, and the outer edge around each set is considered.
- a resin layer 55 is provided only between the glass plate and the window plate 53. In this way, by providing the resin layer 55 only on a part of the outer edge portion 54, the step of joining the window plate 53 and the outer edge portion 54 can be simplified. 3 The entire manufacturing process can be simplified.
- FIG. 35 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- the back illuminated photodiode 4 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 10, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, a concave portion 12, and a window plate 13.
- a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is formed in a part of the surface layer on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- a concave portion 12 is formed in a region opposite to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 on the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20.
- a window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the recess 12.
- the window plate 13 is made of a light transmissive member, and the bonding between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is performed by anodic bonding.
- the light transmitting member of the window plate 13 it is preferable to use glass containing an alkali metal such as Pyrex (registered trademark) glass or Kovar glass.
- a borosilicate glass containing an alkali metal such as # 7740 of Kojung is suitable as a material of the window plate 13.
- a 4 X 10 ° C substantially coincides with the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon (3 X 10- 6 / ° C ).
- the thickness of the window plate 13 is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 4 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21, an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, insulating films 23 and 24, an anode electrode 25, and a force source electrode 26. ing.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- N + type high concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is an N type semiconductor substrate
- the upper surface 10 is formed on the surface layer on the SI side at a predetermined distance from the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11.
- the insulating film 23 and the insulating film 24 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the rear surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, respectively. Openings 23a and 23b are formed in the insulating film 23.
- the insulating film 24 is formed only on the concave portion 12, and is formed on the outer edge portion 14 which is to be joined to the window plate 13.
- an anode electrode 25 and a cathode electrode 26 are formed, respectively. These electrodes 25 and 26 are provided so as to fill the openings 23a and 23b, respectively.
- the anode electrode 25 is directly connected to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 through the opening 23a
- the force source electrode 26 is directly connected to the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 28 through the opening 23b.
- the back illuminated photodiode 4 further includes a passivation film 31, a support film 32, filling electrodes 33a and 33b, UBMs 34a and 34b, and pumps 35a and 35b.
- the nomination film 31 is provided on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 so as to cover the insulating film 23, the anode electrode 25, and the force source electrode 26.
- a support film 32 is formed on the passivation film 31, a support film 32 is formed.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b penetrate the passivation film 31 and the support film 32, and extend from the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to the surface of the support film 32, respectively.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on portions of the filling electrodes 33a and 33b that are exposed on the surface of the support film 32, and are formed.
- Bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b of the UBMs 34a and 34b and on the surface of the opposite side J.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodiode 4 can be obtained. Therefore, a back-illuminated photodiode 4 having a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 13 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 13 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. As a result, a back-illuminated photodiode 4 capable of high-sensitivity light detection is realized.
- the joining between the window plate 13 made of glass and the outer edge portion 14 is performed by anodic joining. Thereby, at the interface between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14, both can be firmly joined.
- the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 can be hermetically sealed (hermetic seal), so that the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 4 is further improved. Further, by performing anodic bonding in a dry inert gas such as dry nitrogen or in a vacuum atmosphere, reliability is further improved.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 4 is bonded to the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 by anodic bonding, it can be suitably used even when the light to be detected is UV light. . That is, when the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined by using a resin, there is a possibility that a gas is generated from the resin by irradiation with UV light (degassing reaction). In this case, since the gas adheres to the window plate 13 and the concave portion 12 and solidifies, the incidence of the detection light is hindered, and the sensitivity of the back illuminated photodiode 4 may be reduced.
- window plate 13 when glass containing alkali metal such as Pyrex glass or Kovar glass is used as the light transmitting member of window plate 13, the bonding strength between window plate 13 and outer edge portion 14 is further improved.
- alkali metal such as Pyrex glass or Kovar glass
- FIG. 35 An example of a method for manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 4 shown in Fig. 35 will be described with reference to Figs.
- An N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared, and an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and a concave portion 12 are formed on the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, and on the upper surface S1 and the back surface S2. Insulating films 23 and 24 are formed respectively.
- the steps up to this point are the same as those in the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 and FIGS. 7 and 8 (FIG. 36).
- the insulating film 24 on the outer edge portion 14 is further removed by etching (FIG. 37).
- the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined by anodic bonding (window plate joining step).
- the processing conditions for anodic bonding are, for example, air atmosphere, N atmosphere, or vacuum atmosphere at a temperature of 150 to 500 ° C and a voltage of 200.
- a contact hole is formed in the insulating film 23, and aluminum is deposited on the upper surface S1.
- a predetermined pattern is formed to form an anode electrode 25 and a force sword electrode 26 (FIG. 39).
- a passivation film 31 is deposited on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 on which the anode electrode 25 and the force electrode 26 are formed by a plasma CVD method or the like. Further, through holes 31a are formed in portions of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the bumps 35a and 35b (FIG. 40). Further, a support film 32 is formed on the upper surface S1, and a through hole 32a is formed in a portion of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the through hole 31a. ( Figure 41).
- a conductive member 33 is deposited on the upper surface S1 so as to fill the through holes 31a and the through holes 32a.
- An intermediary metal (not shown) is provided on the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to improve the bonding with the conductive member 33 (FIG. 42).
- the conductive member 33 deposited on the support film 32 is removed by polishing the surface of the conductive member 33.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b are formed (FIG. 43).
- a thin-film electrode (having a thickness of, for example, about 0.5 lO xm, preferably about ⁇ ) is formed so as to cover the side walls of the through-hole 31a and the through-hole 32a. May be.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b on the upper surface S1 by electroless plating. Further, bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the UBMs 34a and 34b by printing, ball mounting, transfer, or the like (FIG. 44).
- dicing is performed along a line indicated by a chain line L1 in FIG. 45 (dicing step). As a result, the wafer shown in FIG. 45 is singulated to obtain a back illuminated photodiode 4 (FIG. 46).
- FIG. 36 According to the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 46, the window plate is joined in the window plate joining step (see FIG. 38).
- the back-illuminated photodiode 4 whose package is sufficiently small is realized. Further, since the step of mounting the back illuminated photodiode 4 in a ceramic package or the like is unnecessary, the manufacturing process of the entire back illuminated photodiode 4 is simplified.
- the joining between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is performed by anodic joining. Thereby, at the interface between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14, both can be firmly joined. Also the anode According to the bonding, the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 can be hermetically sealed, so that the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 4 is further improved.
- the bonding strength between the window plate 13 and the outer edge 14 by anodic bonding is improved. It is not essential to remove the insulating film 24 on the outer edge portion 14.Even if the insulating film 24 is formed on the outer edge portion 14, the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 should be joined by anodic bonding. Can be. However, in this case, it is desirable that the thickness of the insulating film 24 on the outer edge portion 14 be thin (for example, 0.1 lzm or less).
- the anodic bonding is performed in a dry inert gas such as a dry N atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere in the window plate bonding step, a region sandwiched between the concave portion 12 and the window plate 13 is sealed with N. Or it will be vacuum sealed. Therefore, in this case, the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 4 is further improved.
- a dry inert gas such as a dry N atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere in the window plate bonding step
- FIG. 47 is a sectional view showing a back-illuminated photodetector according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the back illuminated photodiode 5 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 10, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, a concave portion 12, and a window plate 13.
- a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is formed in a part of the surface layer on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- a recess 12 is formed in a region of the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 opposite to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11.
- a window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the recess 12.
- the window plate 13 is made of quartz, and the bonding between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is performed by anodic bonding. Further, the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined via a Pyrex glass 16 provided therebetween.
- Pyrex glass 16 contains alkali metal but is glass, and is formed on window plate 13. Specifically, the Pyrex glass 16 is formed in advance at a position corresponding to the outer edge 14 of the window plate 13. The thickness of the Pyrex glass 16 is, for example, about 0.110 xm.
- the glass between the window plate 13 and the outer edge 14 is not limited to Pyrex glass, but may be glass containing an alkali metal.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 5 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21, an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, insulating films 23 and 24, an anode electrode 25, and a force source electrode 26. ing.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10. It is formed on the entire surface layer.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is formed on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 at a predetermined distance from the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 on the surface layer.
- the insulating film 23 and the insulating film 24 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the rear surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, respectively. Openings 23a and 23b are formed in the insulating film 23. In a region including the openings 23a and 23b on the insulating film 23, an anode electrode 25 and a force source electrode 26 are formed, respectively.
- the back illuminated photodiode 5 includes a passivation film 31, a support film 32, filling electrodes 33a and 33b, UBMs 34a and 34b, and pumps 35a and 35b.
- the nomination film 31 is provided on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 so as to cover the insulating film 23, the anode electrode 25, and the force source electrode 26.
- a support film 32 is formed on the passivation film 31, a support film 32 is formed.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b penetrate the passivation film 31 and the support film 32, and extend from the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to the surface of the support film 32, respectively.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on portions of the filling electrodes 33a and 33b exposed on the surface of the support film 32.
- Bumps 35a, 35b are formed on the surfaces of the UBMs 34a, 34b opposite to the filling electrodes 33a, 33b.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodiode 5 can be obtained. Therefore, the back-illuminated photodiode 5 whose package is sufficiently small is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 13 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 13 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. As a result, a back-illuminated photodiode 5 that can detect light with high sensitivity is realized.
- quartz is used as the glass of the window plate 13. Quartz has a particularly high transmittance for visible light as compared with Kovar glass or Pyrex, and thus greatly contributes to the improvement of the sensitivity of the back-illuminated photodiode 5. Furthermore, since quartz has a very high transmittance also for UV light, the back illuminated photodiode 5 can be used when the light to be detected is UV light. Can also detect light with high sensitivity.
- the provision of the glass containing an alkali metal between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 makes it possible to obtain a favorable condition between the window plate 13 made of quartz containing no alkali metal and the outer edge portion 14. Enables anodic bonding. Further, according to the anodic bonding, the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 can be hermetically sealed (hermetic seal), so that the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 5 is further improved. Further, by performing anodic bonding in a dry inert gas such as dry nitrogen or a vacuum atmosphere, reliability is further improved.
- a dry inert gas such as dry nitrogen or a vacuum atmosphere
- FIG. 47 One example of a method for manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 5 shown in FIG. 47 will be described with reference to FIGS. 48 to 57.
- An N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared, and an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and a concave portion 12 are formed on the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, and on the upper surface S1 and the back surface S2. Insulating films 23 and 24 are formed respectively.
- the steps up to this point are the same as the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 and FIGS. 7 and 8 (FIG. 48).
- the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined by anodic bonding (window plate joining step).
- This bonding is performed through the Pyrex glass 16 by previously forming a Pyrex glass 16 at a position corresponding to the outer edge portion 14 on the window plate 13 by vapor deposition or sputtering.
- puttering is performed on the window plate 13. Only the Pyrex glass 16 formed at the position corresponding to the outer edge 14 is left (Fig. 49).
- the Pyrex glass 16 that connects the window plate 13 and the outer edge 14 is prepared in a plate shape previously processed into a shape corresponding to the outer edge 14 in addition to the vapor-deposited and sputtered film. 14 may be interposed. Also, by depositing aluminum on the upper surface S1, and then performing a predetermined patterning, an anode electrode 25 and a force sword electrode 26 are formed (FIG. 50).
- a nomination film 31 is deposited by a plasma CVD method or the like. Further, through holes 31a are formed in portions of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the bumps 35a and 35b (FIG. 51). Further, the support film 32 is formed on the upper surface S1, and the passivation film 3 is formed. A through hole 32a is formed at a portion corresponding to one through hole 31a. ( Figure 52). Further, a conductive member 33 is deposited on the upper surface S1 so as to fill the through holes 31a and the through holes 32a. An intermediary metal (not shown) is provided on the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to improve the bonding with the conductive member 33 (FIG. 53).
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b are formed (FIG. 54).
- a thin film electrode (the film thickness is, for example, about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 ⁇ m) is provided so as to cover the side walls of the through holes 31a and 32a. It may be formed. In that case, the polishing step can be omitted.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b on the upper surface S1 by electroless plating. Further, bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the UBMs 34a and 34b by printing or ball mounting (FIG. 55).
- dicing is performed along the line indicated by the dashed-dotted line L1 in FIG. 56 (dicing step).
- the wafer shown in FIG. 56 is singulated to obtain a back-illuminated photodiode 5 (FIG. 57).
- the window plate is joined in the window plate joining step (see Fig. 49).
- the back-illuminated photodiode 5 whose package is sufficiently small is realized. Further, since the step of mounting the back illuminated photodiode 5 in a ceramic package or the like is unnecessary, the manufacturing process of the entire back illuminated photodiode 5 is simplified.
- quartz is used for the glass of the window plate 13. Quartz has a particularly high transmittance for visible light as compared with Kovar glass or Pyrex, and thus greatly contributes to the improvement of the sensitivity of the back-illuminated photodiode 5. Furthermore, since quartz has a very high transmittance even at the wavelength of UV light, according to this manufacturing method, a back-illuminated photodiode capable of detecting light with high sensitivity even when the light to be detected is UV light. You can get 5.
- window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are joined via the glass containing an alkali metal is that the window plate 13 made of quartz that does not contain an alkali metal and the outer edge portion 14 are bonded together. Smell Good anodic bonding is possible. A similar effect may be obtained by providing a metal layer instead of glass containing an alkali metal at the junction between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14.
- FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the back illuminated photodetector according to the present invention.
- the back illuminated photodiode 6 includes an N-type semiconductor substrate 10, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11, a concave portion 12, and a window plate 13.
- a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 is formed in a part of the surface layer on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- a recess 12 is formed in a region of the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 opposite to the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11.
- a window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the recess 12.
- the joining between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is performed via the metal layers 17a and 17b and the intermediate metal layer 18. That is, a metal layer 17a, an intervening metal layer 18, and a metal layer 17b are provided between the window plate 13 and the outer edge 14 in order from the outer edge 14 side.
- a metal layer 17a, an intervening metal layer 18, and a metal layer 17b are provided between the window plate 13 and the outer edge 14 in order from the outer edge 14 side.
- the metal of the metal layers 17a and 17b for example, Al, Cu, Au, Ni, Ti, Pt, W, In, or Sn, or a laminated film or alloy of these metals can be used.
- a metal solder made of Sn, SnPb, SnAg, AuSn, Al, In, or the like can be used as the metal of the intermediate metal layer 18.
- the back illuminated photodiode 6 includes an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21, an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, insulating films 23 and 24, an anode electrode 25, and a force source electrode 26. ing.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 is formed on the entire surface layer on the back surface S2 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 is formed on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 at a predetermined distance from the P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 on the surface layer.
- the insulating film 23 and the insulating film 24 are formed on the upper surface S1 and the rear surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, respectively. Openings 23a and 23b are formed in the insulating film 23. In a region including the openings 23a and 23b on the insulating film 23, an anode electrode 25 and a force source electrode 26 are formed, respectively.
- the back illuminated photodiode 6 includes a passivation film 31, a support film 32, filling electrodes 33a and 33b, UBMs 34a and 34b, and pumps 35a and 35b.
- the passivation film 31 is formed on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 by the insulating film 23 and the anode electrode 25. And the power source electrode 26.
- a support film 32 is formed on the passivation film 31, a support film 32 is formed.
- the filling electrodes 33a and 33b penetrate the passivation film 31 and the support film 32, and extend from the anode electrode 25 and the force sword electrode 26 to the surface of the support film 32, respectively.
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on portions of the filling electrodes 33a and 33b that are exposed on the surface of the support film 32, and are formed.
- Bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b of the UBMs 34a and 34b and on the surface of the opposite side J.
- the window plate 13 is joined to the outer edge 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20. This eliminates the need for an external package such as a ceramic package, so that a chip-sized back-illuminated photodiode 6 can be obtained. Therefore, a back-illuminated photodiode 6 with a sufficiently small package is realized.
- the surface of the window plate 13 is the incident surface of the detection light. Since the surface of the window plate 13 is easier to flatten than the resin, scattering of the light to be detected on the incident surface is suppressed. As a result, a back-illuminated photodiode 6 that can detect light with high sensitivity is realized.
- metal layers 17a and 17b and an intermediate metal layer 18 are provided between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14.
- the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are firmly joined by metal joining.
- the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 can be hermetically sealed (hermetic seal), so that the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 6 is further improved.
- a dry inert gas such as dry nitrogen or a vacuum atmosphere, the reliability is further improved.
- the metal layer 17a and the metal layer 17b, which do not have the intermediate metal layer 18, are directly bonded.
- the back-illuminated photodiode 4 can be suitably used even when the light to be detected is UV light because the bonding between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is performed by metal bonding. .
- FIG. 59 An example of a method of manufacturing the back illuminated photodiode 6 shown in Fig. 58 will be described with reference to Figs.
- An N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared, and an N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22, a P + -type impurity semiconductor region 11 and a concave portion 12 are formed on the N-type semiconductor substrate 10, and on the upper surface S1 and the back surface S2.
- Insulating films 23 and 24 are formed respectively.
- the process so far is 3 and FIG. 6 and the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.
- a contact hole for an electrode is formed in the insulating film 23 (FIG. 59).
- a predetermined patterning is performed to form the anode electrode 25 and the force sword electrode 26. Further, a metal layer 17a is formed on the outer edge 14 (FIG. 60). Further, a passivation film 31 is deposited on the upper surface S1 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 on which the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 are formed by a plasma CVD method or the like. Further, through holes 31a are formed in portions of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the bumps 35a and 35b (FIG. 61). The metal layer 17a may be formed after the formation of the notification film 31.
- a support film 32 is formed on the upper surface S1, and a through hole 32a is formed in a portion of the passivation film 31 corresponding to the through hole 31a.
- a conductive member 33 is deposited on the upper surface S1 so as to fill the through holes 31a and the through holes 32a.
- An intermediary metal (not shown) is provided on the anode electrode 25 and the force source electrode 26 to improve the bonding with the conductive member 33 (FIG. 63).
- the conductive member 33 deposited on the support film 32 is removed. As a result, the filling electrodes 33a and 33b are formed (FIG. 64).
- a thin film electrode (having a thickness of, for example, about 0.5-— ⁇ , preferably about 1 ⁇ m) is formed so as to cover the side walls of the through-holes 31a and 32a. May be. In that case, the polishing step can be omitted.
- a metal layer 17b is previously formed at a position corresponding to the outer edge portion 14 on the window plate 13, and the metal layer 17a of the outer edge portion 14 and the metal layer 17b of the window plate 13 are interposed via the intermediate metal layer 18.
- the metal bonding is preferably performed in a dry inert gas atmosphere such as a dry N atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere (FIG. 65).
- UBMs 34a and 34b are formed on the filling electrodes 33a and 33b on the upper surface S1 by electroless plating.
- bumps 35a and 35b are formed on the UBMs 34a and 34b by printing or a ball mounting method (FIG. 66).
- dicing is performed along a line indicated by a chain line L1 in FIG. 67 (dicing step). As a result, as shown in FIG. The wafer is singulated to obtain a back-illuminated photodiode 6 (FIG. 68).
- FIG. 59 According to the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 68, in the window plate joining step (see FIG. 65), the window plate is joined.
- the back illuminated photodiode 6 whose package is sufficiently small is realized. Further, since the step of mounting the back illuminated photodiode 6 in a ceramic package or the like is unnecessary, the manufacturing process of the entire back illuminated photodiode 6 is simplified.
- metal layers 17a and 17b are formed on outer edge portion 14 and window plate 13, respectively, and window plate 13 and outer edge portion 14 are joined via these metal layers 17a and 17b.
- the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 are firmly joined by metal joining.
- the back surface S2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20 can be hermetically sealed (hermetic seal), so that the reliability of the back illuminated photodiode 6 is further improved.
- the back-illuminated photodetector according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible.
- a P-type semiconductor substrate may be used instead of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the impurity semiconductor region 11 has an N-type conductivity
- the high-concentration impurity semiconductor layer 21 and the high-concentration impurity semiconductor region 22 have a P-type conductivity.
- FIG. 12 an example is shown in which the conductive member 33 made of Cu is deposited. Ni is used instead of Cu, the anode electrode 25 exposed from the through-hole 31a and the through-hole 32a, and the force source. Electroless plating of Ni may be applied directly to the surface of the electrode 26. In this case, the step of polishing the surface of the conductive member 33 described with reference to FIG. 13 can be omitted.
- FIG. 15 (Folding electrodes 33a, 33b, and the filling electrodes 33a, 33b on the filling electrodes 33a, 33b and the bumps are used as the force filling electrodes 33a, 33b, respectively, showing an example of forming the bumps 35a, 35b) That is, the surface of the support film 32 (see FIG. 14) in which the through-holes 32a are filled with the filling electrodes 33a and 33b is dry-etched by using ⁇ or the like.
- the protruding part may be used as a bump, in which case the UBMs 34a and 34b need not be formed, or the filling electrodes 33a and 33 may be used.
- a conductive member for forming b a conductive resin may be used. According to this, it is possible to complete the operation of filling the electrodes into the through holes in a short time by printing or the like.
- FIG. 25 shows a configuration in which cutouts 13 a are formed at four corners of window plate 13, respectively, but cutouts 13 a are formed in at least one of the four corners of window plate 13. What is necessary is that it is formed. Also in this case, the probability of occurrence of chipping can be reduced as compared with the case where the notch 13a is not provided at all.
- the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region and the N + -type high-concentration impurity semiconductor region have a lower impurity concentration than the N-type impurity semiconductor region.
- a wafer may be used as the N-type semiconductor substrate 20.
- an N-type impurity semiconductor layer is provided on the upper surface S1 side of the N-type semiconductor substrate 20, and an N + -type high concentration impurity semiconductor region is provided on the rear surface S2 side.
- the window plate bonding step shown in FIG. 38 may be performed after the step (see FIG. 40) of forming noise barrier film 31.
- the window plate joining step may be performed after the step of polishing the surface of the conductive member 33 (see FIG. 43).
- Preventing power S can be performed while the thinned portion of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is protected by the support film 32, physical damage to the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 during anodic bonding is reduced.
- Preventing power S can.
- anodic bonding is performed with the insulating film 24 formed on the entire back surface S 2 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10.
- the anodic bonding may be performed in a state where the outer edge portion 14 of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is exposed by removing 24. In this case, the joining strength between the window plate 13 and the outer edge portion 14 is further improved.
- the window plate bonding step shown in FIG. 49 may be performed after the step of forming the noise film 31 (see FIG. 51).
- this window plate joining step may be performed after the step of polishing the surface of conductive member 33 (see FIG. 54).
- Preventing power S can be performed while the thinned portion of the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 is protected by the support film 32, physical damage to the N-type semiconductor substrate 10 during anodic bonding is reduced. Preventing power S can.
- the pipette is located only at the position corresponding to the outer edge portion 14 of the window plate 13.
- the Pyrex glass 16 may be formed on the entire surface of the window plate 13 because the thin glass and Pyrex glass that forms the Tas glass 16 do not impair the light transmittance.
- the window plate joining step shown in FIG. 65 may be executed immediately after the step of forming metal layer 17a on outer edge 14 (see FIG. 60).
- a back-illuminated photodetector capable of sufficiently reducing the size of a package and suppressing scattering of light to be detected, and a method of manufacturing the same are realized.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP04770896A EP1653521A4 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-23 | BACKLIGHT PHOTODETECTOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
CN2004800220862A CN1830095B (zh) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-23 | 背面入射型光检测部件及其制造方法 |
US10/565,942 US7560790B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-23 | Backside-illuminated photodetector |
IL173375A IL173375A0 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2006-01-26 | Back illuminated photodetector and method for manufacturing same |
US12/453,232 US7964898B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2009-05-04 | Back illuminated photodetector |
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JP2003-282164 | 2003-07-29 | ||
JP2003282164A JP4499386B2 (ja) | 2003-07-29 | 2003-07-29 | 裏面入射型光検出素子の製造方法 |
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US10/565,942 A-371-Of-International US7560790B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-07-23 | Backside-illuminated photodetector |
US12/453,232 Continuation US7964898B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2009-05-04 | Back illuminated photodetector |
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US (2) | US7560790B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1653521A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4499386B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060086258A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1830095B (ja) |
IL (1) | IL173375A0 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI345304B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005011005A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2141749B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
TW200511568A (en) | 2005-03-16 |
TWI345304B (en) | 2011-07-11 |
CN1830095A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
KR20060086258A (ko) | 2006-07-31 |
US7964898B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
EP2141749B8 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
US20100019340A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
EP1653521A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
EP2141749A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
JP4499386B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
US20060278898A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
EP1653521A4 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
JP2005051080A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
IL173375A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
US7560790B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
CN1830095B (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
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