WO2005033726A1 - Bestimmung von patientenbezogenen informationen zur position und orientierung von mr-bildern durch individualisierung eines körpermodells - Google Patents
Bestimmung von patientenbezogenen informationen zur position und orientierung von mr-bildern durch individualisierung eines körpermodells Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005033726A1 WO2005033726A1 PCT/DE2004/002226 DE2004002226W WO2005033726A1 WO 2005033726 A1 WO2005033726 A1 WO 2005033726A1 DE 2004002226 W DE2004002226 W DE 2004002226W WO 2005033726 A1 WO2005033726 A1 WO 2005033726A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
- A61B5/0037—Performing a preliminary scan, e.g. a prescan for identifying a region of interest
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/374—NMR or MRI
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4528—Joints
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining patient-related information on the position and orientation of magnetic resonance tomographic aphic sectional images of a patient.
- the sectional image recordings (recordings) u. a.
- Information about the position and orientation in which the respective recordings were made relative to the patient are determined.
- Such patient-related information on the position and orientation of the sectional image recordings is generally shown when the recordings are displayed or printed on the edge of the recordings and also enable the spatial position of the recordings to be reconstructed in relation to the patient even after the examination.
- the recording plane in which a specific recording is produced can be defined within an arbitrarily defined reference coordinate system by the coordinates of direction vectors that span the relevant recording plane.
- a standard coordinate system the so-called “main coordinate system” of the patient, is usually used as the reference coordinate system in radiological diagnostics.
- the axial directions of this main coordinate system are defined by the intersection lines of the so-called “main planes" of the patient's body, which are perpendicular to one another, these main planes - as in anatomy - referred to as the transversal plane, sagittal plane and coronary plane. This is shown in FIG. 1, the transverse plane with the letter T, the sagittal plane with the letter S and the coronary plane with the letter C.
- orientation marks for the linguistic description of your patient-related orientation of images of any orientation.
- Common letters for use as orientation marks are:
- orientation marks describe the position of the direction vectors spanning the recording plane with respect to the patient's main coordinate system in the form of linguistic designations which are easy for the doctor to understand. The orientation marks are described usually at the edge of the would - as with a geographic map - represented graphically.
- All such patient-related information on the position and orientation of the sectional images such as. B.
- the specification of orientation marks in the main coordinate system of the patient must refer to a reference coordinate system which is based on the patient's body.
- the coordinates of the individual volume elements from which the image information is received are determined in a fixed coordinate system with respect to the tomograph. Therefore, the position of the patient relative to the MR device must be known during the image data acquisition. Only under this condition can the desired patient-related information on the position and orientation of the sectional image recordings be determined reliably in a magnetic resonance imaging examination.
- the patient is introduced into the device by a horizontally movable patient bed and the position of the patient is described by the operator of the MR device.
- a distinction is usually made between a head and foot position and between a stomach, back, left side and right side position.
- the operator has to choose between several possible patient positions from a selection list.
- a detailed description of the patient's position in particular a description of the arm position, e.g. B. whether the arm is on the body or above the head does not take place.
- the control software of the MR device assumes that the patient is in the normal position in the position described and consequently determines the patient's main coordinate system on the basis of this normal position.
- the determination of the examination region is usually linked to the selection of a measurement program.
- the manufacturer provides a large number of measurement programs, which are usually arranged hierarchically.
- An important sort criterion is the affiliation to an anatomical region, since a ⁇ ge measurement parameter for the corresponding anatomical region, i. H. a specific study region are optimized. For example
- Measurement programs for knee examinations can be summarized in a measurement program folder called "knee”. Depending on the diagnostic problem (such as meniscus lesion, cartilage damage, ...), the appropriate measurement protocols can then be further sorted. As a rule If the selection of a measurement program is linked to the information about the associated examination region, this information is included in the linguistic name of the recordings. These recordings are usually arranged hierarchically in a database, the sorting criterion for the top level usually being the patient name At a lower level, the information about the examination region, which results from the name of the measurement program, is used as a sorting criterion. However, with some questions, this procedure does not allow a clear description of the examination region.
- An objective determination of the patient position is possible in different ways and is not only important in MR diagnostics.
- patients should be positioned reproducibly in therapeutic radiation therapy and their position monitored.
- optical methods are now possible. Examples of this are described in US 5,080,100, US 6,279,579 and US 5,823,192. They are based on optical measuring systems for three-dimensional surface detection or use tracking systems for three-dimensional coordinate detection such as B. in the method proposed in US 6,138,302.
- a transfer to the situation MR imaging is problematic in many ways. To describe the patient position, the body surface of the patient would have to be measured, which requires an almost completely undressed patient. This cannot be assumed in the daily routine.
- an optical measurement of the patient in the MR device is made considerably more difficult by the typical tubular design.
- a method for determining patient-related information on the position and orientation of sectional image recordings in magnetic resonance imaging examinations, in which initial MR overview recordings (magnetic resonance overview recordings) are first made of the patient's body. Using these initial MR overview recordings, a predefined, parameterized anatomical body model, i. h an anatomical body model with certain variable model Parameters, individualized. The determination of the patient-related information about the position and orientation of the subsequent (diagnostic) sectional image recordings is then carried out on the basis of the relative position of the sectional image recordings to the individualized body model.
- the body model is adapted to certain structures determined from the initial MR overview recordings (overview recordings), which preferably represent the body surface of the patient, by varying the model parameters.
- the individualization process corresponds to a mathematical optimization problem. Those values of the variable model parameters are determined that minimize a measure of deviation of the model from the structures from the overview photographs. I.e. the best possible adaptation of the body model takes place essentially to the entire body of the patient in the current situation that is actually present.
- information from the body model can be transferred to subsequent diagnostic recordings.
- the body model in the normal position hereinafter also referred to as the “norm model”
- the relative position of a recording can then be used Parts of the individualized body model located in the immediate vicinity can be used to determine both information on the position of the image in text form and information on the orientation of the image in the form of orientation marks. That is to say, for example, all image pixels or volume elements, which are less than a predetermined maximum spatial distance from an area which is defined by a specific body part of the individualized model are counted as components of the relevant body part of the patient.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that patient-related information on the position and orientation of sectional image recordings can be determined objectively and in a standardized manner in magnetic resonance imaging examinations. This applies in particular to the automatic generation of orientation marks and text information on the examination region. This ensures independence in determining the information described by the operator of the MR device, which leads directly to an increase in the quality of a subsequent medical diagnosis.
- a control device for operating a magnetic resonance tomography device must carry out the method according to the invention in addition to a control interface for controlling the magnetic resonance tomography device for measuring a number of sectional image recordings corresponding to scan parameters specified by the control device and an image data interface for detecting magnetic resonance imaging Image data acquired by the imaging device have an overview image determination unit in order to control the magnetic resonance imaging device for measuring a number of initial MR overview recordings of the patient's body.
- control device requires a memory device with an anatomically parameterized body model, the geometry of which can be varied by changing certain parameters, an individualization unit in order to individualize the body model using the measured initial MR overview recordings and a localization unit which is used to determine patient-related Information about a position and orientation of the sectional image recordings subsequently created determines the relative position of the relevant sectional image recordings in relation to the individualized body model.
- the individualization unit and the localization unit can particularly preferably be in the form of software on a programmable processor of a control device Magnetic resonance imaging device can be realized.
- the storage device does not necessarily have to be an integrated part of the control device, but it is sufficient if the control device can access an external storage device.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the initial MR overview recordings are made in a standardized arrangement.
- Fast MR sequences can be used, which are characterized by an acquisition time per overview in the range of seconds.
- the advantage achieved with this embodiment of the invention is, in particular, that a uniform examination protocol can be used for each patient in order to obtain the overview recordings. A manual adjustment to the individual patient geometry is not necessary.
- the individualization algorithm is started with a uniform data basis, which increases the stability of the results.
- Cross-sectional images ie images oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the patient, are particularly preferably made as initial MR overview images.
- Cross-sectional images are ideal for individualizing a whole-body model, since a complete image of the body surface is possible in each cross-sectional image. This is generally not the case when taking pictures along the body's longitudinal axis.
- MR overview images When cross-sectional images are taken as initial MR overview images, a complete reconstruction of the patient's body surface is possible in any cross-sectional image. This information NEN increase the stability of the individualization algorithm.
- At least three cross-sections with a distance of approx. 50 cm (for an adult) should be made as initial MR overview images.
- the distance between two adjacent cross-sectional images is preferably less than 50 cm, particularly preferably even less than 15 cm.
- the more overview recordings are made the easier it is to solve the individualization problem due to the improved data basis.
- this is offset by the increased measuring time for the overview recordings. In practice, therefore, you have to find a compromise between stability and time. It has been found that a layer spacing of approx. 10 cm represents a good compromise between accuracy and speed when recording the entire patient position. In addition, it is not necessary to choose equidistant slice spacings over the entire body.
- Recording the hand geometry with the finger positions requires, for example, a higher spatial density of overview recordings than recording the trunk geometry. If z. For example, if a hand is to be examined in more detail, a local layer spacing of two centimeters can be useful there. A foot examination, for example, usually requires a layer spacing of five centimeters.
- the positions and orientations of MR overview recordings which may have to be additionally produced, if the quality of the individualization is not sufficient, are vidualization algorithm automatically determined.
- the quality is quantified by calculating a deviation of the body model from the structures from the overview. I.e. the positions and orientations of the additional overview images can be determined by the individualization algorithm from the analysis of the model deviation to structures in the individual overview images and the body region depicted in each case.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the model parameters that can be set in an individualization include at least one translation parameter, a rotation parameter and a scaling parameter of the entire body model as well as further parameters that determine the spatial position and shape of predetermined important body parts, such as, for example, B of the extremities.
- the number of parameters for describing the human anatomy depends primarily on the required accuracy of the modeling. In order to obtain information about the position and orientation of recordings during MR examinations, an accurate modeling of anatomical structures located inside the body is of secondary importance. Rather, a modeling of the movement possibilities of essential body parts and their surface is relevant. By parameterizing the position and shape of the essential parts of the body, sufficient but not too detailed modeling of the human anatomy is achieved.
- a relatively simple, but sufficient in many situations model can, for. B. can be described by the following parameters: Height, arm length, leg length, angle information to describe the shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee and ankle joint, circumference of the chest and abdomen.
- a linguistic description of the patient position is determined from the parameter values of the individualized model (e.g. head or feet ahead; back, stomach, left side, right side position).
- the three basic model parameters for describing the rotations around the three main axes are of particular importance. From these parameters and the other model parameters, the linguistic description of the patient position in the MR device can be concluded.
- the difference between the position with the head first and the position with the feet first is in a 180 ° different rotation angle around the sagittal axis.
- the back, stomach, left side and right side position is primarily differentiated by the angle of rotation around the longitudinal axis.
- a parameter entered by the operator can be used with particular preference using the parameter values of the individualized model.
- given description of the patient position can be checked. If the language descriptions of the patient position that are possible through the individualization algorithm match the selection options for the description of the patient position by the operator, the description of the patient position entered by the operator can be checked automatically. Such a check of the patient position description by means of the individualization algorithm results in an increase in the quality of the examination.
- the patient-related information about the position and orientation of slice image recordings is encoded in linguistic and / or graphic form and displayed with the individualized model.
- patient-related information is e.g. B. by means of text and orientation marks on the position and orientation of sectional images in the individual images.
- the individual images can also be represented three-dimensionally in their position and orientation using the individualized body model.
- the patient's body weight can preferably be calculated with the aid of the individualized body model.
- a body weight entered by the operator or already existing in a patient data file can be checked.
- the patient's body weight is particularly important for calculating the specific absorption rate (SAR) in magnetic resonance imaging examinations.
- SAR specific absorption rate
- the volume and the body weight of the patient can be estimated from the individualized body model. By controlling the body weight through the individualization algorithm, an additional quality Liability increase of the investigation reached. In particular, the SAR limit values are adhered to more reliably.
- the individualized model is used to position the patient in the MR device for examining a desired region.
- the procedure for determining information on the position of recordings is reversed in this question.
- An examination region is then given and a suitable starting position for subsequent recordings is sought.
- those parts of the individualized model with which the desired region is linked are determined for the desired examination region.
- a table shift is calculated from the spatial position of these parts, which moves the examination region into the
- Magnetic field center brings. This procedure enables the patient to be positioned automatically depending on the desired examination region. A time-consuming manual positioning of the region to be examined, which is usually carried out with laser light sights, can then be omitted.
- a model individualized in a first MR examination is particularly preferably stored and the patient is positioned in a further MR examination with the aid of this individualized body model.
- Way z For example, it can be ensured that the patient is in the same position as possible in a later MR course examination as in the first MR examination. In the course of a follow-up examination, taking the same patient situation is of crucial importance. In particular, the joint positions and the shape of the soft parts depend on the storage. By comparing a model individualized in the subsequent course examination with the stored individualized model of the previous examination, not only a qualitative comparison is possible. A deviation measure of both models can also be calculated and this for taking the same patient position be used. The sum of the squares of deviations of corresponding model triangles offers itself as a measure of deviation of the two differently individualized models.
- a signal is preferably emitted. If the operator is notified by a signal during automatically running process steps, the operator can devote himself to other tasks. This increases the workflow during the examination.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the main coordinate system and the main planes of a patient's body
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart to illustrate a possible sequence of the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3a shows a schematic representation of a patient lying on his back in the normal position on a patient couch
- FIG. 3b shows a schematic representation of a patient lying on his back in a position deviating from the normal position
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a magnetic resonance tomograph with an embodiment of a control device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the main coordinate system of the body of a patient in the normal position.
- a possible course of the method according to the invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 2, the following steps after the patient has been positioned:
- cross-sectional images in a standardized arrangement offer themselves as initial overview images, since a coherent reconstruction of the body surface in the individual cross-sectional images is then possible.
- a simple threshold method can be used for this, whereby the jump in the signal air to skin defined the body surface. Due to the large geometric measuring ranges of the MR devices, one can generally assume that complete cross-sections of the patient are recorded during the measurement. This leads to a coherent reconstruction of the body surface in the individual cross-sectional images, which is expressed mathematically in the description of the body surface by closed lines.
- a patient PT is schematically in the normal position (FIG. 3a) lying on the back on a patient support table 3 and in a position deviating from the normal position (FIG. 3b), also lying on the back, but with the right Hand drawn over the head.
- the exposure planes AE are shown, in which the initial cross-sectional overview exposures are produced.
- the distance between the recording planes is about 10 cm.
- a suitable body model is also required for the individualization process, although its variable parameters are not clearly defined. Only the basic parameters for the elementary transformations such as translation, rotation and scaling of the body model are obvious. On the other hand, the type and number of the parameters describing the model geometry mainly depends on the intended use.
- Very simple body models can only be described by a few parameters, such as B. Height, arm length, leg length, chest circumference, abdominal circumference as well as parameters to describe the arm and leg position.
- the geometry of the human pelvis is described by the following parameters: distant cristarum, distantia spinarum, diameter spinarum posterior, diameter transverse of the pelvic width, diameter transverse of the pelvic cavity, diameter transverse of the pelvic outlet, diameter sagittalis of the pelvic width, diameter sagittalis the Pelvic narrowing, sagittal diameter of the pelvic exit, conjugata anatomica, conjugata diagonalis, conjugata vera.
- the position of the body parts is mainly described by the degrees of freedom of the anatomical joints.
- Exercise of the hip joint which is a ball joint
- three parameters namely extension and diffraction, spreading and advancing, internal rotation and external rotation are sufficient.
- the shape of a thigh can be parameterized, for example, by two diameters which are arranged at right angles to one another at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the thigh and which represent the main axes of the oval thigh to a good approximation.
- the relevant joints are: lower and upper ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, and wrist.
- the spine occupies a special position. It consists of a large number of joints between the individual vertebrae and the movement options can only be parameterized in a complex manner. For the description of the patient position, it is useful to divide the spine into the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine with simplified movement options.
- the range of values of the individual parameters is preferably restricted.
- the limitation is such that only those parameter value combinations are allowed that describe an anatomically possible position of the patient.
- the parameter values belonging to the normal position of the model are also referred to as normal parameter values.
- the individualization algorithm can then be started with the target structures described in the individual overview images and the body model.
- the aim is to determine a set of parameter values that minimizes the deviation of the body model from the target structures on the overview recordings.
- the result is the individualized body model with the individualized parameter value set.
- the deviation of the body model from the target structures is described by a deviation function, the arguments of the deviation function being the model parameter values.
- a deviation function the arguments of the deviation function being the model parameter values.
- a possible deviation function can then be defined via the deviation values of the surface elements of the body model.
- the calculation of the deviation is useful as a weighted sum of the squares of the deviation values from the individual surface elements.
- the weighting factor of a surface element is the ratio of the surface area of the surface element to the mean value of the surface area of all surface elements.
- the minimum geometric distance to the target structures is defined as the deviation value of a surface element, provided that the surface element geometrically intersects an overview image. Otherwise the deviation value is not defined. This makes sense since, for example, for a surface element lying in the middle between two overview photographs, there is no information about the distance to the patient's body surface anyway. Depending on the position of the body model, a different number of upper area elements in the deviation calculation. In order to be able to calculate comparable deviations from these values for different parameters, it is advisable to standardize the deviations by the area of all surface elements included in the calculation. The optimal parameter set for minimizing the deviation can then be determined using conventional search path or raster methods. Suitable methods are e.g. B. in "Numerical Mathematics", R. Schaback, Springer Verlag, 1992 described ..
- the quality of the individualization is quantified by the value of the calculated deviation. If this is below a specified limit, the individualization has been successfully carried out. If not, then additional overview pictures are taken to increase the quality of adaptation at points with the greatest deviation values from the surface elements.
- the body surface of the patient is therefore measured more precisely in the critical areas determined by the individualization algorithm. This procedure is carried out iteratively until a sufficiently precise description of the patient position is achieved by the body model, or it is terminated after a certain number of iterations if the convergence behavior is insufficient.
- the three-dimensional graphic representation of the individualized body model enables the operator to control the individualization by comparing it with the actual patient position. If relevant deviations occur, the operator can abort the process and continue working in the conventional manner.
- each volume element is ment of the standard model information linked. This information sometimes describes the body region and orientation of each volume element. For example, the information "right knee" is linked in text form with all volume elements of the standard model that form the right knee.
- information in text form on the position of the body can then be obtained from the relative position of a recording to the associated volume elements of the individualized body model If, for example, the image only intersects volume elements with the linked information "right knee”, then "right knee” can also be specified as the examination region of the image (ie as position information for the image) transferred from the individualized body model to the image, where it denotes the examination region.
- the situation is similar with orientation marks.
- the orientation of a volume element is described by a local coordinate system, with all local coordinate systems matching the main coordinate system in the normal position. After individualization, these usually no longer match. If, for example, the patient is placed with his arms over his head, then after the individualization, the local coordinate systems for the volume elements of the hand describe the local orientation axes and differ from the local orientation axes on the trunk. If an image then depicts the patient's hand, then information about the orientation of the image can be obtained from the relative position of the image to the corresponding volume elements of the hand.
- the orientation marks of the exposure then refer locally to the hand and no longer to a uniform coordinate system for the entire patient.
- a linguistic designation can also be derived from the parameter values of the individualized body model.
- position of the patient e.g. head or feet forward; back, stomach, left side, right side position
- the three parameters for the description of the rotation around the three main axes are of outstanding importance.
- the back, belly, left side and right side position differ primarily by the angle of rotation around the longitudinal axis.
- the position of the arms is mainly described by the parameters for the description of the shoulder and elbow joint.
- a language description of the patient position can be assigned to each set of parameter values.
- a linguistic description of the patient position can be defined in tabular form for a finite number of parameter value sets.
- the best-suited parameter value set from the table with the associated language description of the patient position is then determined and displayed to the operator in text form.
- the patient position description in text form also enables simple checking of the description of the patient position selected by the operator, provided that the same pool of linguistic names was used in both cases.
- This visualization technique enables one Interactive viewing of the scenery in real time and still has a sufficient display quality, a simple and intuitive presentation of the essential information can be achieved by simultaneously visualizing the triangulated model surface with the pictures taken in their three-dimensional position and orientation, whereby the text information and orientation marks can also be shown.
- This method uses the information associated with each volume element about the associated body region. For this purpose, those volume elements of the individualized body model with which the linguistic name of the region is linked are determined for the desired examination region. The geometric center of these volume elements defines the center of the examination region and is brought into the magnetic field center by a then defined table displacement. For example, one would like to examine the right knee in a patient. After individualization, the positions of volume elements with the linked information "right knee" are known. The center of these volume elements then defines the position for examining the knee. The table displacement is the difference between the magnetic field center and the calculated center point.
- individualized body models Another possible application of individualized body models is to take the same patient position during follow-up examinations.
- the model parameter values from the reference examination are stored and read in again during a follow-up examination. These parameter values then define the reference model.
- the individualized body model of the course examination (course model) is compared with the reference model.
- the goal is to minimize the deviation of the two body models.
- a deviation value is assigned to each surface element of the profile model, this being defined as the geometric distance to the corresponding surface element of the reference model.
- the deviation is defined as the sum of the squares of the deviation values.
- the patient position is changed in the course of the course of the examination until the newly determined course model shows sufficient agreement with the reference model. A simultaneous three-dimensional display of the two models with color coding of the deviation values is helpful for this.
- FIG. 4 shows, roughly schematically, an embodiment of an inventive magnetic resonance tomography device 1 with an associated control device 5 according to the invention.
- control device 5 is housed in a separate device.
- This is a computer with a programmable processor 10, on which the control software for controlling the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 is stored.
- the control device 5 transmits control commands SB to the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 via a control interface 8, so that the desired measurement is carried out by the latter.
- control interface 8 Via an image data interface 9, the means of
- Magnetic resonance tomography device 1 acquired raw image data BD accepted and then further processed within the control device 5 in the usual manner.
- the control device 5 In order to be able to operate the control device 5, it is connected to a console 4 which, as a user interface, has a screen, a keyboard and a pointing device, for example a mouse. Alternatively, however, it is also possible that, instead of using the console 4 directly connected to the control device 5, the operation is carried out, for example, via a work station (not shown) which is connected to a bus 7 to which the control device 5 is connected.
- the console 4 can also be an integral part of the control device 5.
- the control device 5 can also be an integral part of the magnetic resonance tomography device 1, so that all components are combined in one device.
- the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 is a conventional magnetic resonance tomography device with conventional high-frequency, gradient and basic magnetic field coils (not shown).
- the patient PT is in the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 on a patient pedigree table. 3 positioned within a measuring space 2, around which the coils are arranged.
- local coils can be used that are positioned directly on the patient PT.
- the features and the mode of operation of a magnetic resonance tomography device 1 are known to the person skilled in the art and need not be explained further here.
- the core of the control device 5 is a processor 10, on which various components are implemented in the form of software so that the control device 5 functions in the manner according to the invention. These components are shown schematically in FIG. 4 as blocks within the processor 10. In addition to the components shown, the
- Control device 5 on all other usual software or hardware components in order in the usual way control a magnetic resonance imaging device and acquire and (pre) process image data.
- these customary components are not shown in the figure and are also not explained in more detail below unless they have been specifically modified for the function according to the invention.
- This image acquisition unit 12 converts various measurement protocols or, as a result, predetermined scan parameters, with which the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 is signaled in which position or orientation image data are to be determined, into control commands SB. These are then transferred to the magnetic resonance tomography device 1 via the control interface 8, so that the right sequence is found there in the correct sequence
- the image acquisition unit 12 has as a subroutine an overview image determination unit 13 which ensures that the magnetic resonance tomography device is controlled in such a way that a number of initial MR overview recordings, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 3a and 3b, are measured ,
- the MR overview recordings generated in these overview scans are then (like all other image data BD) taken over by the control device 5 via the image data interface 9 and processed there. For example, the desired images are first reconstructed from the determined raw image data BD in a reconstruction unit 11. The MR overview recordings UA determined in this way are then transferred to an individualization unit 14.
- This individualization unit 14 contains, as a subroutine, a structure recognition unit 15 which, from the overview recordings UA, contains the required structures, here the interfaces between the patient's body PT and the environment. exercise, ie the surface structure of the patient's body PT, determined.
- the individualization unit 14 contains an adaptation unit 16, which adapts a standard model NM to the target structure by setting certain, variable parameters of the standard model NM (ie a body model in the normal position), as has already been described in detail above.
- a norm model NM is stored in a memory 6 of the control device 5.
- the finished individualized body model IM can then be stored again in the memory 6. It is not necessary to store all data that describe the complete, individualized body model IM. It is generally sufficient if a set of parameter values is stored with which the individualized body model IM can be generated from the standard model NM.
- the data record of the individualized body model IM is also transferred to a localization unit 17. With the aid of this localization unit 17, the relative position of the subsequent (diagnostic) sectional image recordings with respect to the individualized body model IM can then be determined and the patient-related information about a position and orientation of the subsequent sectional image recordings can be determined in the manner according to the invention.
- the individualization unit 14 also has the option of outputting a signal to the overview image determination unit 12 in order to ensure that, in certain spatial areas, a larger number of densely adjacent overview images are also produced in order to improve the quality of the individualization.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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CN2004800293721A CN1864074B (zh) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | 确定患者相关信息的方法、控制设备和磁共振断层摄影仪 |
DE112004002435T DE112004002435B4 (de) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Bestimmung von patientenbezogenen Informationen zur Position und Orientierung von MR-Bildern durch Individualisierung eines Körpermodells |
US10/575,032 US20070038070A1 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Determining patient-related information on the position and orientation of MR images by the individualisation of a body model |
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DE10346410A DE10346410A1 (de) | 2003-10-07 | 2003-10-07 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von patientenbezogenen Informationen zur Position und Orientierung von Schnittbildaufnahmen bei magnetresonanztomographischen Untersuchungen |
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WO2005033726A1 true WO2005033726A1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
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PCT/DE2004/002226 WO2005033726A1 (de) | 2003-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | Bestimmung von patientenbezogenen informationen zur position und orientierung von mr-bildern durch individualisierung eines körpermodells |
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US (1) | US20070038070A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1864074B (de) |
DE (2) | DE10346410A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005033726A1 (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070038070A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
WO2005033726A8 (de) | 2005-06-02 |
DE10346410A1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
DE112004002435D2 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
DE112004002435B4 (de) | 2012-12-06 |
CN1864074A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
CN1864074B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
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