WO2005048699A1 - Animal management system - Google Patents
Animal management system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005048699A1 WO2005048699A1 PCT/CA2004/001982 CA2004001982W WO2005048699A1 WO 2005048699 A1 WO2005048699 A1 WO 2005048699A1 CA 2004001982 W CA2004001982 W CA 2004001982W WO 2005048699 A1 WO2005048699 A1 WO 2005048699A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- animal
- set forth
- weight
- computer
- transmitter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K11/00—Marking of animals
- A01K11/006—Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
Definitions
- This invention relates to an animal identification, measurement, monitoring and management system and a method of using the same in an animal production environment, more specifically, a system, which is capable of being used with multiple transmitters to automatically and continuously monitor the consumption behavior of individual animals; determine substance intake, and measure body weight and growth in order to predict and determine a variety of conditions relating to health, performance, production efficiency, quality and safety and moreover to visually mark an animal enabling intervention.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION5 Over the past forty years or so passive radio frequency identification has been used to automatically identify objects.
- passive radio frequency identification has been used to automatically identify objects.
- One example of a practical application of this technology has resulted in electronic identification of individual animals.
- the basic elements of such systems include a reader/transmitter, an antenna and a transponder.
- the reader/transmitter sends an electromagnetic charge wave through the antenna to the transponder, which uses this energy to transmit a radio frequency signal back through the antenna to the reader/transmitter.
- the signal typically, the signal includes an identification code unique to each transponder.
- the reader/transmitter sends an electromagnetic charge wave through the antenna to the transponder, which uses this energy to transmit a radio frequency signal back through the antenna to the reader/transmitter.
- the signal typically, the signal includes an identification code unique to each transponder.
- Water accounts for 50-80% of an animal's weight and is involved in every physiological process. Feed intake is directly related to water intake. Measuring water consumption behavior will enable the delineation of the role of variability in water intake in the etiology of metabolic disorders. Measuring water intake will provide the information required to determine an individual animal's feed intake and utilization of feed relative to efficiency, weight gain and performance including beef production and milk output. It has been determined that behavioral changes precede metabolic disease (Sowell et al., Basarab et al.).
- Determining the weight of an anjmal at various growth stages presently requires the directing of individual animals through a chute, stall, restraining gate, crush or squeeze equipped with a weighing device. Such practice is generally far more expensive than the potential financial gain obtained by such measurement because the animals are often bruised and stressed by this procedure, which may impact the feeding behavior and weight of the animals. Chute processing may require up to three feedlot or farm personnel. Handling, sorting and crowding is a major stressor in cattle. Excessive stress during handling lowers livestock productivity. Cattle are often placed in a holding pen from which they are pushed through walkways, often assisted by electric prods, before they are captured in the chute.
- weights can be taken with greater frequency than on arrival, but this is accomplished through a series of complicated and expensive gates, photosensors and scale placements. Animals are provided access to an individual scale stall through shuttle gates, and gate arms must block the animal into the scale stall before a weight measurement can be acquired.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a transmission/receiving mechanism to facilitate transmission and receiving of data from the panel by means of wireless RF technology.
- a further objective of the invention is to allow one transmitter decoder to receive signals from a plurality of transmitters.
- a further objective of the invention is to assimilate data combining both data mining and data modeling techniques. Data mining will seek individual animal and group correlations between large behavior, health, consumption and intake data sets the system acquires. Data modeling tools will further analyze observational and measured data using probability and what if simulation models to provide an improved predictive system. The outcome of this analysis will be the determination of the best economic method or interval at which to manage, treat and market animals thus providing the maximum return on investment to the operator.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the system where one measurement unit identifies, measures, monitors and visibly marks an animal in accordance with the teaching of the present invention
- Fig. 1A is a perspective view of the system incorporating multiple measurement units
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic schematic representation showing details of the various components comprising the system of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a flow diagram for determining event definition and preliminary individual animal measurements
- Fig. 4 shows a flow diagram for performing a level of statistical data and identifying statistical outliers.
- a transmitter generally attached to, injected, implanted or ingested by a particular animal which identifies the individual animal by a unique signal.
- This transmitter may be of the type distributed by Allflex USA, manufactured by TIRIS, a business unit of Texas Instruments. It is appreciated that a transponder includes the function of a transmitter and, therefore, may be interchangeable therewith in the following embodiments of the invention.
- the invention further comprises a non-confining measurement unit (1 ) by which it is to be understood that an animal is not physically confined by the structure of the measurement unit (1). The animal is free to come and go at its own will with respect to interaction with the measurement unit (1).
- a panel (30) of the type manufactured by GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada mounted to the measurement unit receives the unique animal identification signal via an antenna (12) from the transmitter (2).
- An electronic signal transmitting and receiving device enclosed in the panel (30) sends acquired signals to the remote computer (20) and receives instructions from a remote computer (20).
- the measurement unit (1 ) consists of a weight platform (4) and load bars (19) which measure partial body weight of animals while they consume substances.
- the load bars (19) measure any weight applied to the weight platform (4).
- the neck bars (6) and neck guides (17) position one animal on the weight platform (4).
- the neck bars (6) can be positioned in different bar positions (15) allowing for different size animals. Due to the size of the weight platform (4) and the alignment of the neck bars (6), the animal must place its front legs on the weight platform (4) and insert its head through an opening between the bars (6) to consume from the consumption location (10). This ensures that both front legs of the animal are on the weight platform (4) and minimizes the forces, which can transfer to the load bars (19) when the animal comes in contact with the measurement unit (1 ). Thus, only the vertical forces exerted by the animal's forelegs are being measured.
- the transmitter (2) located generally on the neck and head portion of the animal is then brought into close proximity with the antenna (12), which can be placed in the rim or outer frame of the measurement unit structure or incorporated into the neck bars (6).
- An animal marking device (42) visibly marks animals requiring intervention by spraying a single color combination of colors while the animal is consuming substances. This enables visible identification and or sorting of animals in the production environment by behavior characteristics, group adaptation or lack thereof, weight and growth or lack thereof, or consumption patterns. This type of visual marking will enable specific types of animals such as bullers or aggressive animals to be removed from the pen.
- Supporting brackets (11 ) attach the structure to a consumption location (10).
- the supporting brackets (11) include a location transmitter (38), which is read by the panel (30) to confirm the geographical location of the measurement unit (1).
- the measurement unit (1 ) is also equipped with adjustable legs (16), which can be raised or lowered.
- the weight platform (4) is supported by load bars (19), and essentially also by the supporting brackets (11) and the adjustable legs (16).
- the weight platform (4) is positioned substantially parallel but spaced between about 1 to 8 inches from the ground.
- the weight platform (4) is suspended from the ground due to the tendency of animal manure and mud to build up in the vicinity of the apparatus.
- the free space below the weight platform (4) and cantilevered nature of the weight platform (4) permits cleaning of the area around the weight platform (4) to be undertaken with little obstruction.
- the measurement unit (1 ) is placed in front of the consumption location, (10) which may be positioned along the existing fence line (8) and limits more than one animal consuming from one measurement unit (1) at one time.
- a solar panel (14) can be used to provide power to the system if a conventional power source is not available.
- Fig 1 A the diagram further demonstrates how a plurality of individual measurement units (1) can be joined or bolted together to form an expanded measurement unit (3) capable of individually measuring one or several animals. This configuration allows multiple animals to consume at the same time in production environment without segregation or confinement from their pen mates. Different feed yards typically have different widths for either food or water troughs herein referred to as consumption locations (10).
- the panel (30) mounted to the expanded measurement unit (3) consisting of a plurality of individual measurement units (1) can receive the unique signal from a plurality of antennas (12).
- An electronic signal transmitting and receiving device enclosed in the panel (30) sends acquired signals to a remote computer (20) and receives instructions from a remote computer (20).
- the neck bars (6) and neck guides (17) position one animal on the weighing device.
- An animal marking device (42) visibly marks animals by spraying a single or combination of colors while the animal is consuming substances.
- Supporting brackets (11) attach the structure to a consumption location (10).
- One of the supporting brackets (11) include a location transmitter (38) which is read by the panel (30) to confirm the geographical location of the measurement unit (1).
- the measurement unit (1) is equipped with adjustable legs (16), which can be raised or lowered.
- the weight platform (4) is supported by load bars (19), the supporting brackets (11), and the adjustable legs (16).
- the expanding measurement unit (3) is placed in front of the consumption location (10), which may be positioned along the existing fence line (8).
- One solar panel (14) can be used to provide power to the system if a conventional power source is not available.
- the measurement unit (1) is semi-portable and can be lifted into the pen by the lug rings (9) and may be moved in the pen using a front-end loader or; if supplied with wheels, wheeled into the pen by an attached trailer.
- the design of the measurement unit (1) positions him on the weight platform (4) and the neck guides (17) ensure that the antenna (12) can read the transmitter (2).
- the animal equipped with the transmitter (2) places his front two legs on the weight platform (4) and his head through the neck bars (6) to begin consumption.
- the transmitter (2) signal received by the antenna (12) is relayed via the switching mechanism (23) to the signal to code translator (28). From the signal to code translator (28) the signal is now translated into a unique code, which becomes the system's individual animal identification number.
- the processor (22) sequences the switching mechanisms (23). The unique code is then relayed to the transmitting and receiving device (34).
- the analog signal collected by the load bars (19) is translated into a digital signal by the conversion unit (40) and then relayed to the transmitting and receiving device (34).
- the transmitting and receiving device (34) transfers the data to the remote computer (20).
- the animal weight signal the computer (20) receives is filtered to determine if the calculated weight would be greater than 20kg.
- the system continuously measures weight signals measured by the load bars (Fig. 2-19), this determines changes in platform weight due to ice, manure and other buildup. The system automatically retards and compensates for this buildup. If the signal's calculated weight is determined to be greater than 20kg, the computer at Step 52 seeks a unique identification code that will identify the animal at the consumption location.
- the computer at Step 54 starts a time stamp to acquire data for the commenced consumption event. If the computer at Step 52 does not identify a unique identification code and weight greater than 20kg would be calculated, the computer at Step 52A triggers the marking mechanism and at Step 52B the animal is marked. In this manner, the computer will identify and mark any animal that may have lost their transmitter.
- the signal continues to be received by the computer indicating that the consumption event continues.
- the computer does not receive a weight signal for a period longer than a certain time period, usually a period of 60 seconds the computer generates an event end time stamp.
- the computer determines the lapsed time of the event.
- the computer calculates a start weight and an end weight for the consumption period.
- the computer modifies the preliminary results by adjustment factors, which include a conversion from the partial body weight measurement to a full body weight measurement.
- the computer stores unique information in individual animal files for further analysis. [035] Turning now to Figure 4, the computer retrieves event information and assembles the data into an interval period. Samples may be segmented in 0 to 24:00 hour intervals. At Step 70 this period in the diagram is described as a 24:00 hour interval. [036] Preliminary daily measurements for each individual animal are calculated and then at Step 74 known adjustment factor ' s may be applied to enhance daily calculations.
- the computer begins the statistical analysis on individual animal data. This includes linear regression of animal weight from all data collected in the interval period and to date. This analysis enables individual animal growth to be graphically represented and further manipulated in the computer.
- the computer determines the mean and standard deviation of individual animal weight, behavior and consumption intake from previous interval data and then compares this to an animal's contemporaries. The any grouping relevant to management.
- statistical outliers are determined from this process.
- the computer classifies each animal into a specific state which might include healthy, gaining, finished and within these, as in the case of disease, may be able to determine whether an animal is in a state of sub-clinical or clinical disease. Individual animals identified as statistical outliers have been flagged for intervention. These animals may have left a normal state such as healthy and/or performing or they may be transitioning into a beneficial state such as market ready.
- the models attach costs to the different states and the instances at which they appear, and- thus provide management with the ability to determine or study the most economical path to treat, market or otherwise intervene.
- the computer uses probabilities to describe the chance that something moves from one state to another.
- the computer constructs a transition matrix that predicts or studies the likelihood and cost or benefit of an animal transitioning from one state to another. Some of the states such as gaining or losing weight can be readily observed in the data the system collects. Other states may be underlying and not readily observed.
- the system uses markov chain models, semi markov models, hidden markov models and other advanced data modeling tools to study the data the system acquires. With continued data acquisition the models seek the hidden or underlying states and adapts model parameters to respond to newly acquired knowledge.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004290474A AU2004290474B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-17 | Animal management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/717,690 | 2003-11-20 | ||
US10/717,690 US6868804B1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2003-11-20 | Animal management system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005048699A1 true WO2005048699A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
Family
ID=34274849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CA2004/001982 WO2005048699A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2004-11-17 | Animal management system |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6868804B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004290474B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2485129C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005048699A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
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US6868804B1 (en) | 2005-03-22 |
AU2004290474A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
AU2004290474B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
CA2485129C (en) | 2011-08-23 |
US20050161007A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CA2485129A1 (en) | 2005-05-20 |
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