WO2005071507A1 - A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption - Google Patents
A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005071507A1 WO2005071507A1 PCT/NO2004/000023 NO2004000023W WO2005071507A1 WO 2005071507 A1 WO2005071507 A1 WO 2005071507A1 NO 2004000023 W NO2004000023 W NO 2004000023W WO 2005071507 A1 WO2005071507 A1 WO 2005071507A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nodes
- node
- network
- control
- chara
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2642—Domotique, domestic, home control, automation, smart house
Definitions
- This invention concerns a method for measuring and for adjusting energy consumption. More specifically, it concerns a method for monitoring and adjusting of energy consumption and related parameters in, for example, a house by means of wireless communication. This invention also concerns a device for carrying out the invention.
- the traditional cable-dependent adjusting of energy consumption provides little flexibility when carrying out room changes, for example.
- WO 99/49680 describes a method for monitoring and controlling equipment in buildings by means of communication networks, such as a Global system for mobile communication (GSM) .
- GSM Global system for mobile communication
- US 5.926.776 concerns a thermostat containing control logic and a transceiver that communicates with an electricity supplier, the thermostat receiving information concerning the prevailing electricity price, and the thermostat setpoint being controlled based on the prevailing electricity price.
- the object of the invention is to disclose a method for providing a more flexible and suitable way of monitoring physical parameters, such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas- and water leakages, etc., and for adjusting, for example, energy supply to, for example, heating based on the measured parameters and submitted values .
- physical parameters such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas- and water leakages, etc.
- a number of nodes are placed in suitable positions to monitor and to adjust the desired parameters.
- the nodes may be stationary or moveable.
- the nodes are provided with control logic and a transceiver and are arranged for wireless and encrypted communication with each other. At least a portion of the nodes is provided with a device for measuring one physical parameter, for example temperature.
- the nodes may be provided with a mechanical or semi-conductor switch for adjusting, for example, electricity supply to a heater.
- the nodes are arranged for wireless communication by means of standards for short-range radio communication known per se, cf . description below. This type of radio communication has proven suitable for use, owing to the material being available at an acceptable cost in view of the object at hand, and owing to such equipment having a small, radiated power, thus having a low power consumption. Communication of this type, however, may be contingent upon use of relay nodes to achieve the desired range.
- the nodes be manufactured as identical as possible, regardless of their function in the monitoring- and control system.
- the nodes are programmed during the installation to comprise a control node, an area control node, or a controlled node, respectively.
- a controlled node may serve as a relay node, a measuring node, an executing node or combinations thereof.
- a node installed in a socket may be programmed for on/off switching of the electricity supply to the socket, for measuring the energy consumption via the socket and for being a relay node. All nodes are arranged to register and to communicate their own status to the control node.
- the control node comprises, or is associated with, an input-output node connected to a device for communication with the user or with an external data network in the form of, for example, a computer or a telephone.
- the control node must be connected to a keyboard for entering parameters, and a display unit arranged for showing set values, present values, possibly also the history and forecasts for chosen parameters.
- Groups of nodes may be arranged in an area network. For example, an area control node may control the temperature in a room if the control node malfunctions. During normal operation, the area control node maintains the tasks of a control node within the area network. The control node controls the area control node for the entire network.
- the information path from one node to another node is determined by means of so-called "routing", as known per se .
- An overview of possible routes from the control node to, for example, a controlled node may be in the form of a table in the control node. If one relay node malfunctions, the control node will detect this, possibly setting off an alarm, and selects an alternate route.
- the information exchange between the nodes is encrypted, Among other things, encrypted communication is necessary to prevent adjacent networks from assuming control of the nodes, and also for security reasons, inasmuch as it is conceivable that outsiders may attempt to disturb the function of the node network.
- Encryption known per se is used, each node network being assigned a unique network key registered in all nodes of the network, and a key being changed sequentially with time.
- a message from, for example, the control unit comprises at least a transmitter and receiver identification and address that determines, by means of the routing, which route the message will take, and which node the message is intended for.
- the message also comprises an encrypted portion comprising the static code identifying the network and the variable code.
- the message By allowing messages between the nodes to comprise source- and destination addresses and not transmitter and receiver addresses, the message must be combined with the routing table in order for the message to reach the correct destination address.
- the addresses of the controlled nodes, which constitute relay nodes, do not form a part of the message itself. Thus, it is possible to transmit messages via relay nodes that are not part of the node network at hand. This is due to foreign relay nodes not having to interpret the contents of the message, but merely conveying it to the next node .
- the nodes may be provided with necessary operational energy from the electricity network, local emergency electricity networks, solar energy or from their own batteries.
- the frequency of receiving and transmitting messages significantly affects the energy consumption of the nodes .
- the response time and energy consumption of individual nodes is adjusted by determining, among other things, how often the node is to handle messages. For example, having a relatively long response time is acceptable when the room temperature setpoint is to be changed, whereas a short response time is necessary for switching lighting off or on.
- forecasts may be generated automatically as an aid to the user. Measuring and summarizing energy consumption values from nodes within one area may render unnecessary to install a separate energy meter for measuring the energy consumption in, for example, an apartment or a section.
- the user may receive information from or submit control data to the node network via cabled or wireless apparatuses, for example a telephone or a computer.
- Fig. 1 schematically shows a node network according to the invention, in which arrows indicate wireless communication between the nodes .
- reference numeral 1 denotes a node network comprising a control node 2, an area control node 4, controlled nodes 6 and an input-output node 8.
- the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 communicate mutually by means of relatively short-range radio communication.
- each of the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 is assigned, through programming, a service and a function within the node network 1, an address and the fixed network encryption key.
- the nodes are installed in their respective positions that, for a switch-type controlled node 6, may be in a socket (not shown) , in a heater (not shown) or in association with valve (not shown) or similar, in which it is arranged to control the energy consumption and to report back to the control node 2 about, for example, switch position and energy consumption.
- a registration-type, controlled node 6 may be placed outside to measure physical values, for example, such as temperature and solar intensity.
- the control node 2 When the node network 1 is turned on, the control node 2 will initiate a self-configuration at first, in which the other nodes 4, 6 and 8 are surveyed.
- the surveying is carried out in that the control node 2 contacts all the controlled nodes 4, 6 and 8 and asks each node 4, 6 and 8 for identification with respect to identity and function.
- the inquiry from the control node uses the unique, fixed encryption code of the network and an electronic signature.
- Controlled nodes 4, 6 and 8 not recognizing this fixed encryption code, hence not recognizing the electronic signature of the control node 2, ignores the inquiry from the control node 2 and thus is not accepted as a part of the node network.
- a routing table for communication between the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 is determined either automatically or, alternatively, is submitted by the user.
- messages After having established the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 incorporated in the node network 1 as a node network 1, messages are transmitted between the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 in an encrypted form, also incorporating a variable encryption key
- the node network 1 may comprise an area node network 10. If the connection to the control node 2 malfunctions, the area control node 4 will assume control of the controlled nodes 6 within the area node network 10.
Abstract
A method and a device for monitoring physical parameters, such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas development, gas- and water leakages and similar, and for adjusting energy supply to, for example, heating based on the measured parameters and submitted values, wherein said monitoring and adjusting is carried out by trasmitting two-way encrypted information between nodes (2, 4, 6, 8), which include control electronics in a node network (1).
Description
A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR MEASURING AND ADJUSTING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
This invention concerns a method for measuring and for adjusting energy consumption. More specifically, it concerns a method for monitoring and adjusting of energy consumption and related parameters in, for example, a house by means of wireless communication. This invention also concerns a device for carrying out the invention.
Increased energy prices bring about a need for improved energy control in, for example, buildings.
The traditional cable-dependent adjusting of energy consumption provides little flexibility when carrying out room changes, for example.
It is known to adjust energy consumption by means of a wireless connection. Thus, WO 99/49680 describes a method for monitoring and controlling equipment in buildings by means of
communication networks, such as a Global system for mobile communication (GSM) .
US 5.926.776 concerns a thermostat containing control logic and a transceiver that communicates with an electricity supplier, the thermostat receiving information concerning the prevailing electricity price, and the thermostat setpoint being controlled based on the prevailing electricity price.
Relative to prior art, the object of the invention is to disclose a method for providing a more flexible and suitable way of monitoring physical parameters, such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas- and water leakages, etc., and for adjusting, for example, energy supply to, for example, heating based on the measured parameters and submitted values .
According to the invention, the object is achieved by means of features disclosed in the following description and in the subsequent claims.
According to the invention, a number of nodes are placed in suitable positions to monitor and to adjust the desired parameters. The nodes may be stationary or moveable.
The nodes are provided with control logic and a transceiver and are arranged for wireless and encrypted communication with each other. At least a portion of the nodes is provided with a device for measuring one physical parameter, for example temperature. The nodes may be provided with a mechanical or semi-conductor switch for adjusting, for example, electricity supply to a heater.
At their own accord, the nodes are arranged for wireless communication by means of standards for short-range radio communication known per se, cf . description below. This type of radio communication has proven suitable for use, owing to the material being available at an acceptable cost in view of the object at hand, and owing to such equipment having a small, radiated power, thus having a low power consumption. Communication of this type, however, may be contingent upon use of relay nodes to achieve the desired range.
From a production point of view, it is preferable that the nodes be manufactured as identical as possible, regardless of their function in the monitoring- and control system. Thus, the nodes are programmed during the installation to comprise a control node, an area control node, or a controlled node, respectively. A controlled node may serve as a relay node, a measuring node, an executing node or combinations thereof. For example, a node installed in a socket may be programmed for on/off switching of the electricity supply to the socket, for measuring the energy consumption via the socket and for being a relay node. All nodes are arranged to register and to communicate their own status to the control node.
Usually, it is appropriate to provide a superior control function to one control node. The control node comprises, or is associated with, an input-output node connected to a device for communication with the user or with an external data network in the form of, for example, a computer or a telephone. As a minimum, the control node must be connected to a keyboard for entering parameters, and a display unit arranged for showing set values, present values, possibly also the history and forecasts for chosen parameters.
Groups of nodes may be arranged in an area network. For example, an area control node may control the temperature in a room if the control node malfunctions. During normal operation, the area control node maintains the tasks of a control node within the area network. The control node controls the area control node for the entire network.
The information path from one node to another node is determined by means of so-called "routing", as known per se . An overview of possible routes from the control node to, for example, a controlled node may be in the form of a table in the control node. If one relay node malfunctions, the control node will detect this, possibly setting off an alarm, and selects an alternate route.
The information exchange between the nodes is encrypted, Among other things, encrypted communication is necessary to prevent adjacent networks from assuming control of the nodes, and also for security reasons, inasmuch as it is conceivable that outsiders may attempt to disturb the function of the node network.
Encryption known per se is used, each node network being assigned a unique network key registered in all nodes of the network, and a key being changed sequentially with time.
When a measured parameter is changed, for example, or when a preset time interval has expired, unsolicited information to this effect is transmitted to the control node. If a measured value falls outside a preset area, the control node may be programmed to recognize this as an alarm condition, subsequently initiating an alarm procedure.
Additional to the information to be transmitted, a message from, for example, the control unit comprises at least a transmitter and receiver identification and address that determines, by means of the routing, which route the message will take, and which node the message is intended for. The message also comprises an encrypted portion comprising the static code identifying the network and the variable code.
Thus, it is not possible for a foreign control node to assume control of a node in a network. It is possible, however, to use a controlled node in a neighbouring network as a relay node for communication without disturbing the functions of the neighbouring network.
By allowing messages between the nodes to comprise source- and destination addresses and not transmitter and receiver addresses, the message must be combined with the routing table in order for the message to reach the correct destination address. The addresses of the controlled nodes, which constitute relay nodes, do not form a part of the message itself. Thus, it is possible to transmit messages via relay nodes that are not part of the node network at hand. This is due to foreign relay nodes not having to interpret the contents of the message, but merely conveying it to the next node .
The nodes may be provided with necessary operational energy from the electricity network, local emergency electricity networks, solar energy or from their own batteries. The frequency of receiving and transmitting messages significantly affects the energy consumption of the nodes . The response time and energy consumption of individual nodes
is adjusted by determining, among other things, how often the node is to handle messages. For example, having a relatively long response time is acceptable when the room temperature setpoint is to be changed, whereas a short response time is necessary for switching lighting off or on.
On the basis of collected measurement values and information provided about the object to be energy-controlled, forecasts may be generated automatically as an aid to the user. Measuring and summarizing energy consumption values from nodes within one area may render unnecessary to install a separate energy meter for measuring the energy consumption in, for example, an apartment or a section.
The user may receive information from or submit control data to the node network via cabled or wireless apparatuses, for example a telephone or a computer.
In the following, a non-restricted example of a preferred embodiment is described and depicted on the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 schematically shows a node network according to the invention, in which arrows indicate wireless communication between the nodes .
On the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a node network comprising a control node 2, an area control node 4, controlled nodes 6 and an input-output node 8.
The nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 communicate mutually by means of relatively short-range radio communication.
When operation of the node network according to the invention is to be initiated, each of the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 is assigned, through programming, a service and a function within the node network 1, an address and the fixed network encryption key.
The nodes are installed in their respective positions that, for a switch-type controlled node 6, may be in a socket (not shown) , in a heater (not shown) or in association with valve (not shown) or similar, in which it is arranged to control the energy consumption and to report back to the control node 2 about, for example, switch position and energy consumption. A registration-type, controlled node 6 may be placed outside to measure physical values, for example, such as temperature and solar intensity.
When the node network 1 is turned on, the control node 2 will initiate a self-configuration at first, in which the other nodes 4, 6 and 8 are surveyed. The surveying is carried out in that the control node 2 contacts all the controlled nodes 4, 6 and 8 and asks each node 4, 6 and 8 for identification with respect to identity and function. The inquiry from the control node uses the unique, fixed encryption code of the network and an electronic signature. Controlled nodes 4, 6 and 8 not recognizing this fixed encryption code, hence not recognizing the electronic signature of the control node 2, ignores the inquiry from the control node 2 and thus is not accepted as a part of the node network. A routing table for communication between the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 is determined either automatically or, alternatively, is submitted by the user.
After having established the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 incorporated in the node network 1 as a node network 1, messages are transmitted between the nodes 2, 4, 6 and 8 in an encrypted form, also incorporating a variable encryption key.
The node network 1 may comprise an area node network 10. If the connection to the control node 2 malfunctions, the area control node 4 will assume control of the controlled nodes 6 within the area node network 10.
Claims
1. A method for monitoring physical parameters, such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas development, gas- and water leakages and similar, and for adjusting energy supply to, for example, heating based on the measured parameters and submitted values, chara c t e r i z ed i n that said monitoring and adjusting is carried out by transmitting two-way encrypted information between nodes (2, 4, 6, 8), which include control electronics in a node network (1) .
2. The method according to claim 1, chara c t er i z ed in that, prior to transmitting their monitoring- and adjustment messages, the nodes (2, 4, 6, 8) automatically identifies and accepts each other .
3. The method according to claim 1 and 2 , chara c t er i z ed i n that information between the nodes (2, 4, 6, 8) is assigned source- and destination addresses, after which the information route is determined by means of a routing table, whereby non- accepted, controlled nodes (6) also may be used as relay nodes .
4. The method according to claim 1 and 2 , chara c t er i z ed i n that measured energy consumption values from nodes within one area are summarized in order to measure the electricity consumption, typically for an apartment or a section.
5. A device for measuring physical parameters, such as room temperature, outside temperature, weather condition, gas development, gas- and water leakages and similar, and for adjusting energy supply to, for example, heating based on the measured parameters and submitted values, charac t eri z e d i n that nodes (2, 4, 6, 8) , which comprise control electronics and a device for measuring physical parameters and/or an electric switch, are placed in suitable positions and constitute a node network (1) , the nodes being arranged for wireless and encrypted communication with each other.
6. The device according to claim 5, charac t e ri z ed in that the node network (1) comprises at least one area network (10), in which an area control node (4) is arranged to assume the control if the communication with a control node (2) malfunctions .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NO2004/000023 WO2005071507A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2004-01-27 | A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NO2004/000023 WO2005071507A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2004-01-27 | A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005071507A1 true WO2005071507A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
Family
ID=34806247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NO2004/000023 WO2005071507A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2004-01-27 | A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2005071507A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008145279A3 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-04-09 | Heat Energy And Associated Tec | Heating system |
| US10580094B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2020-03-03 | Promanthan Brains LLC, Series Cold Futures only | Energy cost optimizer |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5748104A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-05-05 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless remote telemetry system |
| US5926776A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-07-20 | Gas Research Institute | Smart thermostat having a transceiver interface |
| WO1999049680A1 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-09-30 | Bellsouth Intellectual Property Corporation | Wireless telemetry methods and systems for communicating with or controlling intelligent devices |
| US20020044559A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2002-04-18 | Ardalan Sasan H. | Remote access to electronic meters using a TCP/IP protocol suite |
| US20020124269A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-09-05 | Sel-Brian Colak | Catv system |
| US20020125998A1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-09-12 | Petite Thomas D. | System and method for monitoring and controlling remote devices |
| US20030036822A1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2003-02-20 | James Davis | System and method for controlling power demand over an integrated wireless network |
| US20040066271A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | Leck Michael John | Monitor system |
-
2004
- 2004-01-27 WO PCT/NO2004/000023 patent/WO2005071507A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5748104A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-05-05 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless remote telemetry system |
| US20020044559A1 (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 2002-04-18 | Ardalan Sasan H. | Remote access to electronic meters using a TCP/IP protocol suite |
| US5926776A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-07-20 | Gas Research Institute | Smart thermostat having a transceiver interface |
| WO1999049680A1 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 1999-09-30 | Bellsouth Intellectual Property Corporation | Wireless telemetry methods and systems for communicating with or controlling intelligent devices |
| US20020125998A1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-09-12 | Petite Thomas D. | System and method for monitoring and controlling remote devices |
| US20020124269A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-09-05 | Sel-Brian Colak | Catv system |
| US20030036822A1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2003-02-20 | James Davis | System and method for controlling power demand over an integrated wireless network |
| US20040066271A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | Leck Michael John | Monitor system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008145279A3 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-04-09 | Heat Energy And Associated Tec | Heating system |
| EA016524B1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2012-05-30 | Хотхаус Текнолоджиз Лимитед | Heating system |
| US10580094B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2020-03-03 | Promanthan Brains LLC, Series Cold Futures only | Energy cost optimizer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7606635B2 (en) | Radio frequency enabled control of environmental zones | |
| CN110049092B (en) | Electronic device, medium, and method for wirelessly transmitting data | |
| US20220018562A1 (en) | Hvac control with a remote user interface and a remote temperature sensor | |
| CA2944142C (en) | Process variable transmitter with loop-powered wireless transceiver | |
| US8750859B2 (en) | Antenna management system and program for optimization of broadcast characteristics of an antenna and method for determining physical parameters of an antenna | |
| CA2601379C (en) | Method of selecting data communication provider in a field device | |
| US20080122575A1 (en) | Remote configuration of security-oriented devices | |
| US20180132183A1 (en) | Wireless device power saving system and method | |
| CN107218706B (en) | Air-conditioner control method and air conditioner based on NB-IoT network | |
| US20070078980A1 (en) | Control system | |
| CN107430499B (en) | System and method for accurately sensing user location in IoT system | |
| GB2501765A (en) | Apparatus to control a central heating system using a remote server | |
| WO2005071507A1 (en) | A method and a device for measuring and adjusting energy consumption | |
| CN100455933C (en) | Air conditioning system and controlling method thereof | |
| WO2018062223A1 (en) | Device control system, device control method, and program | |
| EP3404366B1 (en) | A wireless sensor network | |
| CN108302698A (en) | Air-conditioner control method, system and air conditioner | |
| KR20180035364A (en) | Wireless communication terminal having complex environment sensors | |
| JP5369810B2 (en) | Wireless system | |
| CN101663656A (en) | networked electrical interface | |
| KR102101655B1 (en) | Control system of venturi type variable air volume unit and method of the same | |
| JP2011257294A (en) | Wireless control system | |
| WO2023089360A1 (en) | Actuator with wireless communication capability | |
| JP2011257086A (en) | Radio control system | |
| Gopinath et al. | Sensor component proposed in a valuable approach for better power economy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |