WO2005076635A1 - Vorrichtung zur reziproken polarisation mit zueinander komplementären polarisationsschichten (kreuzpolarisator) - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur reziproken polarisation mit zueinander komplementären polarisationsschichten (kreuzpolarisator) Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
Definitions
- cross polarizer Device for reciprocal polarization with mutually complementary polarization layers
- the present invention relates to optical systems in the visible and adjacent electromagnetic spectrum that include a polarizer.
- the invention relates to complex, i.e. Polarizers composed of several polarization layers.
- the invention relates to the coupling of mutually complementary polarization layers.
- this application reveals and explains a principle of cross-polarization in which mutually complementary polarizer layers are used reciprocally coupled.
- transmissive LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- PBS Polarizing Beam Splitter
- Baur et al. (US5028121) uncovered an architecture based on a single PBS.
- This single PBS is used for polarization division (as a splitter) as well as for polarization recombination and image overlay (superposition).
- a similar arrangement was developed by Gibbon et al. 2001 (US20030020809) further expanded and also by Svardal et al. 2O01 (WO03058342) used for LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) displays (Fig.la).
- LCoS Liquid Crystal on Silicon
- DMD Digital Mirror Devices
- Fielding US20010040670
- Simple polarization beam splitters are characterized by different levels of polarization of the two partial beams. While the transmitting P-beam (solid line) is contaminated with only one per thousand (S-polarization is practically not transmitted at the PBS), the reflected S-beam (dotted line) contains approx. Five percent P-polarization impurities (P-polarization reflects) at the PBS to 5%). A lack of polarization quality is particularly problematic when using LCoS (LC displays, which reflect bright image points with a rotated polarization, on the other hand reflect dark pixels with unchanged polarization) (Fig.la). When irradiated in RLM1, about 5% P polarization impurities are contained in the reflected S-beam (not shown).
- LCoS LC displays, which reflect bright image points with a rotated polarization, on the other hand reflect dark pixels with unchanged polarization
- Pixels without changing the direction of polarization of RLM2 reflected P light is also 5% of P1 reflected in the ON beam. Both channels are equally burdened by the incomplete polarization function of the PBS (channel 1 for radiation and channel 2 for radiation), which leads to a low image contrast (approx. 20: 1 for both channels).
- the S-polarized partial beam folded at P1 is also reflected by the P3, which is also in the input quadrant of the X, in the direction of the radiation onto a first LCoS (RLM1).
- the P-polarized, P1-transmitting partial steel also transmits the P2 behind it, and strikes the second LCoS (RLM2) in the quadrant of the X opposite to the radiation.
- With dark, light points (OFF), the light beams return in the same way in the direction of the radiation reflected.
- Bright light spots (ON) are modulated by a polarization rotation.
- the S-beam which was deflected twice before the modulation, is now just leaving the arrangement as a P-beam by two transmissions at P3 and P4.
- the P beam that was previously transmitted twice thus becomes the twice reflected S beam (at P2 and P4), which leaves the X in the output quadrant opposite the input quadrant.
- This complex polarizer is a significant improvement over 1 PBS solutions in LCoS displays.
- the advantage compared to simple PBS lies in the combination of several polarization processes, whereby the "polarization impurities" contained are removed multiplicatively.
- additional absorbing cleanup polarizers are also useful in the X arrangement of 4 PBS, so that they are upstream and downstream for the RLM, the P components contained in the S channel can be removed. This is a disadvantage of coupling similar polarization processes.
- cross-polarization in our application DE102004006148, which couples symmetrical, complementary, reciprocal polarization processes.
- Three polarizer layers are coupled in such a way that both partial beams in the polarizer undergo both a transmissive and a reflective process - both then have the same polarization contrast and the same light intensity, 90 and both are folded once.
- the cross polarizer enables symmetrical beam splitting or beam combination.
- Composite cross polarizers enable efficient arrangements of optical systems that work with complementarily polarized light (e.g. 2-channel image display systems with spatial light modulators).
- Polarization layers of the polarization beam splitter type split an unpolarized light beam into two 100 linearly polarized light beams (Fig. 2).
- the layer vector forms, together with 105 of the axis of incidence A1, a plane E1 to which the plane of polarization E2 (plane of polarization) of the transmitting beam is perpendicular and together with the reflection axis A2 the plane of polarization E3 of the reflected beam.
- Fig.2a thin-film polarization beam splitters 110
- Fig.2b Cartesian polarization beam splitters
- the plane of incidence determines which plane of polarization (POP) the transmitted light and which mainly has the reflected light : the transmitted light (“P polarization”) has a POP (E2 in Fig.2a) parallel to the POI, the POP (E3 in Fig.2a) of the reflected light (“S polarization”) is perpendicular to the POI.
- POP plane of polarization
- S polarization the reflected light
- Cartesian polarizers enable a decoupling of POI and POP (Fig.2b).
- the layer vector V of a Cartesian polarizer is determined by properties of the polarization layer itself (e.g. in the case of wire grid polarizers, through the alignment of the wire lines in the polarization layer; here V1 from P1 in Fig.2b).
- the layer vector, and thus the POPs, can be selected independently of the POI.
- Simple polarization beam splitters both of the thin-film polarizer type, and simple Cartesian polarization beam splitters are distinguished by the different polarization quality of the two partial beams. While the transmitting beam is contaminated with less than one per thousand, the reflected beam contains approximately five percent polarization contaminants.
- the cross polarizer reciprocal polarization on mutually complementary polarization layers
- a central aspect of our invention is the multiple coupling of a polarizing transmission process on a PBS with a polarizing reflection process on a PBS complementary to this polarizer.
- three polarization layers P1, P2 and P3 with the layer vectors V1, V2 and V3 are structurally arranged along two optical axes A1 and A2 (Fig.3) so that P1 and P2 as well as P1 and P3 are mutually complementary polarization layers.
- the 140 plane E1, which is formed from A1 and V1 is perpendicular to the plane E2, which is formed from A1 and V2, and also the plane E3, which is formed from A2 and V1, is perpendicular to the Level E4, which is formed from A2 and V3.
- a polarizing transmission process at P1 along A1 145 can be coupled to a polarizing reflection process at P2 (Fig.4a) and a polarizing transmission process at P2 along A1 can be coupled to a polarizing reflection process at P1 (Fig.4b ).
- a polarizing transmission process at P1 along A2 can be coupled to a polarizing reflection process at P3 and a polarizing transmission process at P3 along A2 can be coupled to a polarizing reflection process at P1 150 (according to Fig. 4, not shown).
- one selects the alignment of the two optical axes A1 and A2 in such a way that they are the corresponding transmission and reflection axes of a possible polarization process at P1, by choosing the two angles that are the same size that the
- Fig. ⁇ a shows a first embodiment of the three-armed cross polarizer with three WGP, in which the alignment of the layer vectors is not specifically matched to the irradiation level POI (plane of incidence).
- An unpolarized light beam incident on P1 is broken down into two linearly polarized partial beams, both of which undergo an additional complementary polarization process.
- the reference system for the definition of the direction of vibration is the xyz reference system from the direction of propagation z, and the two vectors x and y perpendicular and parallel to POI and perpendicular to z. Only after each sub-beam has undergone folding, that is to say that the P1-transmitting sub-beam has been reflected at P2, are the two sub-beams polarized orthogonally to one another in their xyz reference system. This is always achieved in the cross polarizer.
- Fig. ⁇ b shows in a second embodiment an important special case in which the layer vectors are chosen so that V1 from P1 is perpendicular to the POI and V2 from P2 and V3 from P3 are therefore parallel to the POI.
- This enables a cross polarizer made of two polarization layers.
- the functioning of the wire grid polarizer P1 corresponds to the irradiation shown here (45 degrees to
- Fig.6 we show how the high polarization contrast of the cross polarizer is created.
- the complementary polarization processes are described quantitatively.
- the use of a 200 cross polarizer means that both partial beams have the same polarization purity.
- the cross polarizer is made of ProFIux-WGP (Moxtek)
- the following values apply:
- both partial beams are 295 x 17.6> 5000: 1 by coupling a polarizing transmission with a polarizing reflection of the same polarization contrast.
- Fig.7 shows in a third embodiment of our invention a four-armed cross polarizer with layer vectors decoupled from the POI.
- Fig.7b shows a fourth embodiment of a four-armed cross polarizer with layer vectors
- the fourth embodiment enables both irradiation cross-polarizers to send P light in the west quadrant and S light in the east quadrant (Fig.7b).
- the layers P2 and P3 have the same layer vector in this four-arm cross polarizer and additionally P1 and P4 also have the same layer vector. The layers can thus touch or through in the center of the arrangement
- FIG.7b An important detail of this closed design (Fig.7b) is the central crossing line. In addition to inaccuracies in production, their size is also determined by the thickness of the Cartesian polarization layer, which is less than 0.2 ⁇ m for wire grid polarizers from Moxtek.
- the closed design of Fig.7b shows that the temporal commutative law for
- Fig.8 shows in a fifth and sixth embodiment of our invention the use of the four-armed cross polarizer in the open (Fig. ⁇ a) and closed (Fig. ⁇ b) design for two-channel image display systems.
- the beam path shows 2-channel image display systems with two reflective spatial image modulators (e.g. polarization-rotating image modulators of the type LCoS) with a cross-polarizer, in which the layer vectors are parallel and 265 perpendicular to the POI.
- two reflective spatial image modulators e.g. polarization-rotating image modulators of the type LCoS
- a second cross-polarizer (P4, P2, P3) is used to superposition the ON rays in one half of the radiation quadrant (north).
- This open design can also be realized with layer vectors that are not perpendicular or parallel to the POI, i.e. for any complementary polarization directions.
- the symmetrically functioning function of the cross-polarizer becomes clear both in the polarization beam splitting and in the superposition.
- Both partial beams created by polarization leave the cross polarizer 295 symmetrically in diametrically opposite directions along the east-west axis, since in contrast to simple polarization beam splitters, each partial beam is folded once.
- the superposition in which on and off beams for both channels leave the cross polarizer symmetrically in diametrically opposite directions along the north-south axis.
- reflection surfaces M e.g. mirrors
- the planes E1 and E2 formed in a common axis together with the layer vectors are no longer perpendicular to one another. Rather, the mirror plane E1 *, which arises from E1 along S1 on the successive reflection surfaces of S1 by successive reflections, is perpendicular to E2.
- the orientation of the POI of the mirrors M is chosen such that the planes to be mirrored are perpendicular or parallel to it. However, this preferred orientation of the mirror POl is not mandatory.
- the linearly polarized light can be reflected as elliptically polarized light.
- additional polarization corrections using lambda plates e.g. fill wave plates
- the common base plane 320 can be resolved by additional reflection surfaces (see Fig. 10).
- WGP with certain layer vectors V can be replaced by MacNeille-type polarization beam splitters (e.g. P1 in Fig.9), which we will discuss in more detail in the following embodiment.
- MacNeille-type polarization beam splitters e.g. P1 in Fig.9
- the four-arm cross polarizer consisting of four thin-film polarizers for polarization-rotating reflective spatial light modulators (seventh embodiment of the invention)
- the cross polarizer of this embodiment (Fig.10) consists of 4 PBS according to the MacNeille type in two 330 levels and two mirrors or total reflection prisms (M).
- Input and output PBS P1 and P4 of the cross polarizer have rectified layer vectors; these two PBS lie directly one above the other in the two levels.
- the layer vectors of the two polarizers P2 and P3 are perpendicular to it, so that the cross-polarization principle is fulfilled.
- This arrangement has one due to higher channel separation and lower absorption (0.0001 polarization impurities in the transmitting beam and 0.05 in the 335 reflected beam; 0.95 transmission and 0.998 reflection; taken from the data sheet for PBS, from Newport Oriel Instruments, Irvine, USA) even significantly higher theoretical channel separation of (0.95 x 0.998) / (0.0001 x 0.05)> 180 000: 1 than the values for WGP (> 5000: 1) determined in Fig. 6.
- this open design of the four-armed cross polarizer can be operated with 340 polarization-rotating reflective spatial light modulators. This design is also possible with WGP (not shown).
- the special feature of the light guide architecture for these 2-channel image display systems (Fig. 11) is the use of reflective image modulators which control a modulation of the radiation not via a polarization rotation, but via the direction of the reflection of the incident light beam.
- State of the art MEMS consist of an array of electronically deflectable 350 micromirrors which emit ON rays in the normal of the image modulator (Digital Mirror Devices DMD from Texas Instruments). The DMD is currently irradiated at 24 degrees to the normal of the image modulator.
- DMD image modulators have a stereoisomeric design (according to the prior art, only one form is currently produced 355). Since only a partial beam is folded when using a simple polarizer for superposition, either two mutually stereoisomeric image modulators are necessary or a channel must be converted into the virtually stereoisomeric form by additional reflection before the superposition (Bausenwein and Mayer DE10361915).
- the cross polarizer in Fig.11 the closed design is used) allows the use of only one DMD type (e.g. the current 360 form) without additional reflection, since both partial beams are folded.
- the cross-polarizer (or the DMD) is irradiated at an angle of 24 ° to the base plane of the arrangement.
- the ON rays are superposed in a plane parallel to the base plane of the cross polarizer 365.
- the light reflected by dark pixels is guided with a beam angle of 48 °, which corresponds to twice the beam angle, in the direction of a radiation disposal (not shown) (OFF). Irradiation and radiation take place in this embodiment in the south quadrant.
- a three-armed cross polarizer is sufficient. Become Lambda quarter plate ( ⁇ / 4) used in the beam path between cross polarizer and image modulators 370, the on-light is emitted in the north quadrant.
- the three-arm cross polarizer (Fig.12a) can reasonably be traced back to a 375 two-arm cross polarizer (Fig.12b).
- the partial beam (in this case P-polarized) guided by P1 into the beam path S1 by means of a polarizing transmission is guided through at least one additional reflection area (M) in the beam path S1 onto a second complementary polarizer P2 in such a way that P2 this Partial beam reflected.
- the partial beam (in this case S-polarized) 380 guided by P1 into the beam path S2 by means of a polarizing reflection is guided to P2 by at least one additional reflection surface (M) in such a way that this partial beam now transmits P2.
- the two-armed cross polarizer can be used for any complementary polarization directions. However, there is a serious difference to all three- and four-armed ones
- Cross polarizers a partial beam polarized by mutually complementary polarization processes cannot be tapped outside the PBS involved, since the partial beams in S1 and S2 only exist separately between the two polarization processes in question.
- This embodiment can be useful e.g. can be used in 2-channel image display systems with spatial image modulators of the MEMS type, which are then located in S1 and S2 between P1 and P2 (not shown).
- 395 beam of superposed modulated partial beams of the two channels can be determined using an external analyzer, e.g. Passive polarization glasses can be broken down into two partial beams.
- an external analyzer e.g. Passive polarization glasses can be broken down into two partial beams.
- Fig.13a shows such a MacNeille type PBS, whose polarization layer lies between two straight partial prisms T1 and T2.
- the resulting prism is supplemented in Fig.13a with a wire grid polarizer to a three-armed cross polarizer, the layer vector of the WGP being such that it acts complementarily to the PBS.
- Thin-film polarizer P1 from Fig. 13a can of course also have a WGP between T1 and T2 incorporated (Fig. 13b, c).
- the closed four-armed cross polarizer can be set up in several ways: e.g. by two prisms from Fig.13a to Fig.13f (as an example is Fig.13i shown) or by four prisms from Fig.13e or / and Fig.13f
- a prism according to Fig.13a or b can also be used to build a closed design of the cross polarizer through a triangular thin-film polarizer without applied WGP (Fig.13g).
- the person skilled in the art can derive many other possibilities. Some of these structures lead to a two-layer WGP layer with parallel layer vectors (e.g. Fig.13h, i).
- a bilateral WGP can of course be attached to a layer (described e.g. in EP1158319 of
- Fig.14 we show a four-armed cross polarizer, which is enclosed by a housing.
- Fig.14a shows the open design
- Fig.14b the closed design, each in a housing.
- the spatial light modulators can directly on the existing windows
- Projection optics can also be integrated in the north quadrant, which means that the very compact design can be achieved.
- Fig.1 shows a schematic comparison of a simple polarizer with a complex one.
- Fig.2 shows schematically how polarizing beam splitters work.
- Fig.3 shows schematically the structural features of the cross polarizer.
- Fig.4 shows the functional characteristics of the cross polarizer.
- Fig.5 shows schematically a first and second embodiment of the cross polarizer (three-armed).
- 445 Fig.6 shows schematically the polarization contrast in the cross polarizer.
- Fig.7 shows schematically a third and fourth embodiment of the cross polarizer (four-armed).
- Fig. ⁇ shows schematically a fifth and sixth embodiment of the cross polarizer (with RLM).
- Fig.9 shows schematically optional folds of the beam path in the cross polarizer.
- Fig.10 shows schematically a seventh embodiment of the cross polarizer (from 4 MacNeille-PBS).
- 450 Fig.11 shows schematically an eighth embodiment of the cross polarizer (with MEMS).
- Fig.12 shows schematically a ninth embodiment of the cross polarizer (two-armed form).
- Fig.13 shows schematically cross polarizers with glass prisms.
- Fig.14 shows schematically cross polarizers with closed housing.
- Fig.1 shows the comparison of a simple and a composite polarizer in 2-channel image display systems with polarization-rotating reflective spatial light modulators RLM.
- Abb.la shows an arrangement with only one PBS. Irradiated unpolarized light (IN) is emitted by the beam splitter
- P1 split into two linearly polarized beams.
- S-polarized light (dotted line) is directed onto the image modulator RLM1 by polarizing reflection at P1.
- P-polarized light (solid line) is directed to the image modulator RLM2 by polarizing transmission at P1.
- Light rays that fall on dark pixels of the RLM are reflected unchanged in the radiation axis (OFF). Rays of light that point to brightly displayed pixels
- FIG.lb shows a polarizer composed of four identical polarizers P1 to P4 of the MacNeille type.
- the unpolarized input beam (IN) is split into two polarized partial beams at P1.
- the partial beam reflected at P1 (S-polarized, dotted
- the P1 partial beam (P-polarized, solid line) also transmits P2 and strikes RLM2.
- Light rays that fall on dark pixels of the RLM are reflected unchanged in the radiation axis (OFF).
- Light rays that fall on brightly displayed pixels of the RLM and experience a rotation of the polarization plane at the RLM are superposed in such a way that the
- Partial beam that transmits radiation twice after image modulation has two reflections at P2 and P4, and the partial beam that is reflected twice at radiation now experiences two transmissions at P3 and P4.
- both ON beams are reflected in a common ON axis via P4.
- Additional clean-up (CP) polarizers are installed between P1 and P3 and between P2 and P4. They are intended to eliminate polarization impurities in the reflected partial beams, but are not on
- Fig.2 shows the function of polarization beam splitters and the definition of layer vectors V and normal vectors N.
- Thin-film polarizers e.g. MacNeille-PBS, P1 in Fig.2a
- the layer vector V1 perpendicular to the POI forms together with A2 the plane of polarization of the reflected partial beam (E3) and together with A1 a plane E1 perpendicular to the plane of polarization of the transmitted partial beam (E2).
- E3 the plane of polarization of the reflected partial beam
- E2 the plane of polarization of the transmitted partial beam
- E2 the layer vector V1 from P1 can be selected independently of the POI from P1.
- V1 corresponds in the alignment of the lattice structure of the WGP and forms together with A2 the plane of polarization of the reflected partial beam (E3) and together with A1 a plane E1 perpendicular to the plane of polarization of the transmitted partial beam (E2).
- the polarization planes of the partial beams form an angle with the POI of P1, which for example differs from 0 ° and 90 °.
- FIG.3 shows the structural features of the cross polarizer: three polarization beam splitters P1, P2, P3 with the layer vectors V1, V2, V3 and the normal vectors N1, N2, N3 normal to the layer are arranged along two optical axes so that said layer vectors with the two optical axes A1, A2 each form two planes (E1-E2, E3-E4) that are perpendicular to each other.
- the orientation of the optical axis A1 is different from N1 and N2 and likewise the orientation of A2
- This three-arm cross polarizer can be expanded by a fourth polarization layer P4 with a layer vector V4 and a normal vector N4 along two further optical axes A3 and A4 to a four-arm cross polarizer which contains four three-arm cross polarizers: (P1, P2, P3), (P4, P2 , P3), (P2, P1, P4) and (P3, P4, P1).
- Fig.4 shows the functional characteristics of the cross-polarizer: the reciprocal coupling of a polarizing transmission with a polarizing reflection on mutually complementary polarizing beam splitters.
- Two polarizers P1 and P2 arranged along an optical axis A1 such that the structural requirements described in Fig. 3 are met, i.e. E1 perpendicular
- Fig. ⁇ a shows the three-armed cross polarizer in a first embodiment of our invention.
- Three 520 polarization layers P1, P2, P3 are arranged perpendicular to a common base area, which is parallel to the irradiation plane POI.
- the layer vectors of the polarizers correspond to the wire grid axes and are selected so that the structural and functional requirements described in Fig.3 and Fig.4 are met.
- the division of an unpolarized input beam into two different linearly polarized partial beams is shown.
- the P1 transmitting beam experiences a reflection 525 at P2 (the arrow visible on P2 is the projection of the vibration vector of this sub-beam onto P2), and the beam reflected at P1 transmits P3 (the arrow visible at P3 is the projection of the vibration vector of this sub-beam onto P3 ).
- Each partial beam experiences a polarizing transmission and a polarizing reflection.
- the partial beams in an xyz reference system from the beam direction z and the x and y vectors are complementarily linearly polarized 530 parallel and perpendicular to the POI - their oscillation vectors are perpendicular in the reference system.
- Fig. ⁇ b shows in a second embodiment a case in which the layer vector of P1 is perpendicular to the POI and the Layer vectors of P2 and P3 are parallel to the POI.
- P2 and P3 are replaced by a single polarization layer.
- Fig.6 shows how the polarization contrast of 5000: 1 is the same in both channels of the cross polarizer when using WGP (data taken from: Kahn: Doing it with stripes, Private Report on Projection Display, V7, No.10, 2001 , www.profluxpolarizer.com).
- P1 with a layer vector perpendicular to the POI and thus to the drawing plane is shown in dotted lines.
- the polarizers P2, P3 with layer vectors in the plane of the drawing, which are complementary to P1, are by a solid line
- P-polarized light (solid thin line), which oscillates in the plane of the drawing, transmits P1 maximally (with the factor of 0.3 ⁇ 5) and is maximally reflected at P2 (with the factor 0.880; Fig.6a).
- the S-polarized light (dotted thin line), which vibrates orthogonally, transmits P1 only with a factor of 0.003 and is reflected at P2 with a factor of 0.050 (Fig. ⁇ b).
- a polarization contrast can be determined from this: when unpolarized light is irradiated
- Fig.6c shows the complementary situation for the second sub-beam.
- S-polarized light P3 transmits maximally and is maximally reflected at P1 (Fig.6d).
- the P-polarized light which vibrates orthogonally, transmits P3 only with a factor of 0.003 and is reflected at P1 with a factor of 0.050 (Fig.6c). This results
- Fig.7 shows four-armed cross polarizers in a third and fourth embodiment of our invention in a planar arrangement.
- a fourth polarization layer P4
- the three-armed cross polarizer from Fig. 5 is expanded to a four-armed cross.
- the polarization layers are in
- a first beam path couples P1 with the complementary P2 and P3.
- a second beam path couples P3 with the complementary P1 and P4.
- the layer vectors of the open design shown in Fig.7a are not
- Fig. 7b shows the closed design of the four-armed cross polarizer.
- the four polarization layers touch each other on a common intersection axis normal to the base plane. This design is particularly useful with layer vectors parallel and perpendicular to the base plane of the arrangement.
- Fig.8 shows the four-armed cross polarizer in a fifth and sixth embodiment of our invention with 2-channel image displays.
- the open design Fig. ⁇ a
- the closed design 570 Fig. ⁇ b
- a cross polarizer P1, P2, P3
- P1, P2, P3 is used to irradiate the two RLMs (IN, P-polarized light on RLM1 and S-polarized light on RLM2).
- the light falling on dark pixels is without either RLM Polarization rotation reflected in the beam path (OFF).
- the light falling on bright pixels is rotated by both RLM in the polarization (ON) and by a second cross poiarizer (P4, P2, P3)
- Fig.8b allows simultaneous irradiation on P1 and P3 in the entire south quadrant of the arrangement. According to Fig.7b, this leads to P-polarized light in the east and S-polarized light in the west quadrant for both single-beam cross-polarizers (P1, P2, P3) and (P3, P1, P4). Two further cross polarizers (P2, P1, P4) and (P4, P3, P2) are used for the superposition. All in all, for reflection
- the RLM and four overlapping cross polarizers were used to reflect the ON and OFF beams.
- the closed design occupies less than 25% of the area of the open design.
- Fig.9 shows schematically optional foldings of the beam path in the cross poiarizer.
- the principle of reciprocal coupling of mutually complementary polarization layers is shown here on one
- the layer vector V1 of the polarizer P1 (a MacNeille PBS is shown) and the optical axis of S1 applied to P1 form the plane E1.
- the layer vector V2 of the polarizer P2 (a Cartesian polarizer is shown) and the optical axis of S1 applied to P2 form the plane E2.
- the mirror plane E1 * which arises from E1 along S1 on the successive reflection surfaces M of S1 by successive reflections,
- N1 is the normal vector of the polarization layer P1 and N2 is the normal vector of the polarization layer P2.
- Fig. 10 shows a folded cross poiarizer consisting of four 595 MacNeille-type polarizers P1, P2, P3, P4 and two mirror surfaces (M) in the form of TIR prisms (Total Infernal Reflectance) in conjunction with polarization-rotating reflective RLM1 and RLM2.
- the irradiation (IN) of unpolarized light and the radiation of the OFF rays is carried out via a cross poiarizer (P1, P3, P2), which is expanded in both beam paths by a reflecting surface M.
- the ON rays are super-positioned using a cross poiarizer (P4, P3, P2) without an additional 600 reflecting surfaces.
- This embodiment corresponds to the open design of the four-armed cross polarizer.
- Fig.11 shows a four-arm cross poiarizer of the closed design in connection with reflective RLM of the type DMD. These modulate it
- DMD1 and DMD2 have identical topology (are the same stereoisomeric type). They reflect the light radiated onto bright pixels normal to the DMD surface. Since the polarization does not rotate, the ON beams of both DMDs are superposed again in the radiation quadrants.
- the radiation POl forms an intersection angle with the radiation POl, which corresponds to the
- Fig.12 shows a two-armed form of the cross polarizer (ninth embodiment of our invention).
- the 615 three-arm cross poiarizer shown in Fig.12a can be changed to a two-arm cross poiarizer by inserting additional mirrors (M) (Fig.12b).
- the partial beam guided by P1 into the beam path S1 through a polarizing transmission (here P-polarized) and the partial beam guided into the beam path S2 through a polarizing reflection (here S-polarized) are both guided to a second complementary polarizer P2, that S-polarized light P2 is transmitted and 620 P-polarized light is reflected thereon. Since the partial beams in S1 and S2 only exist separately from one another between the two polarizers in question, this embodiment can usefully be used, for example, in 2-channel image display systems with spatial image modulators, for example of the MEMS type, which are located in S1 and S2 between P1 and P2.
- Fig.13 shows cross polarizers with glass prisms.
- Fig.13a shows a cross poiarizer, which consists of a straight triangular prism, which is composed of two straight partial prisms T1 and T2.
- a polarization layer P1 of the thin-film polarizer type is located between T1 and T2.
- An outer surface of the assembled prism carries a Cartesian polarization layer P2 / P3, the layer vector V2 of which is parallel to the base surface.
- a third glass prism can, as in Fig.13a to c
- Fig.13b P1 is realized by a Cartesian polarization layer.
- Fig.13c corresponds to Fig.13b with exchanged layer vectors.
- Fig.13d-f show prism arrangements with Cartesian layers, from which a cross poiarizer (three- or four-armed) can be assembled. A four-armed cross poiarizer can already be built from two of the prisms shown in Fig.13d-f. Four of the prisms shown in Fig.13e-f make one
- Fig.13h four-arm cross poiarizer with double polarization layers (e.g. Fig.13h).
- the polarization layers are applied to the large lateral surfaces of the partial prisms T1a and T1b.
- the three-arm cross poiarizer shown in Fig.13a is supplemented by another triangular MacNeille-type polarizer.
- Fig.13i shows an example of a four-arm cross poiarizer, in which the polarization layers are not orthogonal
- Fig.14 shows cross polarizers with closed housing.
- Fig.14a shows the open
- Fig.14b the closed design of the four-armed cross polarizer each in a housing.
- the RLM can be attached directly to the existing openings (Fig.14b).
- Optical 645 elements e.g. the projection optics L
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/587,850 US7929208B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2005-02-02 | Complex polarizer system for reciprocal polarization (cross-polarizer) |
DE112005000801T DE112005000801B4 (de) | 2004-02-04 | 2005-02-02 | Vorrichtung zur reziproken Polarisation mit zueinander komplementären Polarisationsschichten (Kreuzpolarisator) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004006148.3 | 2004-02-04 | ||
DE102004006148A DE102004006148A1 (de) | 2004-02-04 | 2004-02-04 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur reziproken Polarisation mit komplementär wirkenden kartesischen Polarisationsschichten (Kreuzpolarisator) |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005076635A1 true WO2005076635A1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
Family
ID=34832560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2005/000194 WO2005076635A1 (de) | 2004-02-04 | 2005-02-02 | Vorrichtung zur reziproken polarisation mit zueinander komplementären polarisationsschichten (kreuzpolarisator) |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7929208B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102004006148A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005076635A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011117569A1 (de) | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-10 | blnsight3D GmbH | Bifurkales Strahlenteiler- Kreuz |
US10477194B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2019-11-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Two imager projection device |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004006148A1 (de) * | 2004-02-04 | 2005-09-08 | Bausenwein, Bernhard, Dr. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur reziproken Polarisation mit komplementär wirkenden kartesischen Polarisationsschichten (Kreuzpolarisator) |
DE102008035045B4 (de) | 2008-07-26 | 2015-02-12 | blnsight3D GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines räumlichen Lichtrasters mit verschiedenen Lichteigenschaften sowie dessen Anwendung in Anzeige-Verfahren und -Vorrichtungen |
DE102011102132A1 (de) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-22 | blnsight3D GmbH | Mehrkanalanzeige mit MOEMS und Verfahren der Superposition nicht-normal abgestrahlter Bildstrahlen in Mehrkanalanzeigen mit MOEMS |
DE102011117568A1 (de) | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-10 | blnsight3D GmbH | 3-paariges Additionsverfahren für polarisationskodierte 3-farbige 6-Kanal-Stereo-Bildanzeigen |
DE102011110947B4 (de) | 2011-08-13 | 2013-03-28 | blnsight3D GmbH | Stereo-2-Kanal-6-Farb-Bildanzeige mit Wellenlängensortierung |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004006148A1 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
US20070159693A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
US7929208B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
DE112005000801B4 (de) | 2013-01-10 |
DE112005000801A5 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
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