WO2005086338A1 - System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor - Google Patents
System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005086338A1 WO2005086338A1 PCT/US2005/006232 US2005006232W WO2005086338A1 WO 2005086338 A1 WO2005086338 A1 WO 2005086338A1 US 2005006232 W US2005006232 W US 2005006232W WO 2005086338 A1 WO2005086338 A1 WO 2005086338A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- voltage
- frequency
- output
- speed drive
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to increasing the performance of a motor. More specifically, the present invention relates to the increasing of the horsepower and efficiency of an induction motor by applying a motor input voltage and frequency greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency.
- induction motors both single phase and multi-phase, were designed to operate from standard line (main) voltages and frequencies that were available from the power distribution system of the facility where the motor was being operated.
- line voltages and frequencies typically limited the output of a motor to one speed and one horsepower because the motor's output speed is related to the input frequency to the motor and the motor's output power is related to the input voltage to the motor.
- variable speed drives were developed that could vary the frequency and/or voltage that was provided to a motor.
- This capability to vary the input frequency and voltage to a motor resulted in a motor that was capable of providing a variable output speed and power to the load of the motor.
- the motor had to be operated in a constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode.
- the operation of a motor in a constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode requires that any increase or decrease of the output frequency of the NSD that drives the motor be matched by a corresponding increase or decrease of the output voltage of the NSD, and vice versa.
- the current drawn by the motor will remain relatively constant, especially in situations where the motor is being used with a constant torque load, such as a positive displacement compressor used in air conditioning equipment.
- variable speed drives are not capable of providing an output voltage to the motor that is any greater than the input AC line voltage provided to the variable speed drive.
- This limitation on the output voltage of the variable speed drive results in the variable speed drive not being able to provide a constant torque to the load when the speed of the motor is increased (as a result of an increase in the output frequency of the variable speed drive above the line frequency provided to the variable speed drive) because the output voltage of the variable speed drive cannot match the increase in the output frequency.
- a motor for use with a particular load is dependent upon a variety factors including the input voltage to the motor.
- a motor is usually selected to have a rated voltage that is equal to a standard line voltage or the variable speed drive's rated output voltage, which is equal to its input voltage, if applicable.
- the horsepower of an induction motor can be increased by operating the motor at a voltage and frequency greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency.
- One technique for operating the motor at a voltage and frequency greater than the rated voltage and frequency is to connect the motor to a variable speed drive that is providing an output voltage and frequency greater than the standard line voltage and frequency.
- the connection of the variable speed drive to the induction motor enables the motor to be operated in constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode and provide a greater output horsepower to the corresponding motor load.
- the operation of the motor at the higher voltage and frequency for a constant torque load, such as a screw compressor, results in the motor current remaining relatively constant as the frequency is increased.
- the relatively constant current generates relatively constant motor losses at frequencies above the motor's rated frequency, thus horsepower is increased, while motor losses remain constant, thereby providing increased motor efficiency as compared to the motor operating at its rated frequency.
- Another technique for operating the motor at a voltage and frequency greater than the rated voltage and frequency is to use a dual voltage motor (e.g., a motor rated for both a lower voltage operation, 230 V, and a higher voltage operation, 460 V) configured for the lower voltage operation and then provide the motor a voltage and frequency for the higher voltage operation.
- the higher voltage and higher frequency can be provided by a variable speed drive with or without voltage boost.
- a variable speed drive without voltage boost, but with frequency boost can be used in situations where the standard main voltage is greater than the lower voltage rating of the motor.
- the use of higher voltage and frequency increases the available horsepower and results in increased motor efficiency when operated in a constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode.
- One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of increasing the output horsepower of an induction motor.
- the method includes the steps of providing an induction motor having a predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency and providing a variable speed drive capable of outputting a voltage and frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency of the motor.
- the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency of the motor provides a predetermined output horsepower.
- the method also includes the steps of connecting the variable speed drive to the induction motor to provide power to the induction motor and operating the variable speed drive to provide an output voltage and frequency to the induction motor greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency of the induction motor. Wherein powering the induction motor at an output voltage and frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency results in the motor generating an output horsepower greater than the predetermined output horsepower.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a system for increasing the output horsepower of a motor.
- the system includes a motor having a predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency and a variable speed drive connected to the motor to power the motor.
- the motor is configured to generate a predetermined output horsepower in response to the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency of the motor being input to the motor.
- the variable speed drive is configured to provide a variable output voltage and variable output frequency to the motor.
- the variable output voltage and variable output frequency ranging between an output voltage and output frequency less than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency and an output voltage and output frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency. Wherein operation of the motor at an output voltage and output frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency results in the motor generating an output horsepower greater than the predetermined output horsepower.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is directed to a refrigeration system having a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator connected in a closed refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigeration system further including a motor connected to the compressor to drive the compressor.
- the motor has a predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency and is configured to generate a predetermined output horsepower in response to the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency of the motor being input to the motor.
- the refrigeration system also includes a variable speed drive connected to the motor to power the motor. The variable speed drive is configured to provide a variable output voltage and variable output frequency to the motor.
- variable output voltage and variable output frequency ranges between an output voltage and output frequency less than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency and an output voltage and output frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency. Wherein operation of the motor at an output voltage and output frequency greater than the predetermined rated operational voltage and frequency results in the motor generating an output horsepower greater than the predetermined output horsepower.
- One advantage of the present invention is that greater output horsepower can be obtained from an induction motor.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that the operating efficiency of an induction motor can be increased when operated at the higher operating frequencies.
- Still another advantage of the present invention is that an induction motor can be operated in a broader range of voltages and frequencies.
- a further advantage of the present invention is that the induction motor used for driving a particular load can have a reduced size, a reduced weight and/or a reduced cost.
- Figure 1 illustrates schematically a general system configuration of the present invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates schematically one embodiment of a variable speed drive used in the present invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates schematically a refrigeration system that can be used with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates generally the system configuration of the present invention.
- An AC power source 102 supplies AC power to a variable speed drive (VSD) 104, which in turn, supplies AC power to a motor 106.
- VSD variable speed drive
- the AC power source 102 provides single phase or multi-phase (e.g., three phase), fixed voltage, and fixed frequency AC power to the VSD 104 from an AC power grid or distribution system that is present at a site.
- the AC power grid can be supplied directly from an electric utility or can be supplied from one or more transforming substations between the electric utility and the AC power grid.
- the AC power source 102 can preferably supply a three phase AC voltage or line voltage of 200 V, 230 V, 380 V, 460 V, or 600 V, at a line frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz to the VSD 104 depending on the conesponding AC power grid. It is to be understood that the AC power source 102 can provide any suitable fixed line voltage or fixed line frequency to the VSD 104 depending on the configuration of the AC power grid.
- a particular site can have multiple AC power grids that can satisfy different line voltage and line frequency requirements. For example, a site may have 230 VAC power grid to handle certain applications and a 460 VAC power grid to handle other applications.
- the VSD 104 receives AC power having a particular fixed line voltage and fixed line frequency from the AC power source 102 and provides AC power to the motor 106 at a desired voltage and desired frequency, both of which can be varied to satisfy particular requirements.
- the VSD 104 can provide AC power to the motor 106 having higher voltages and frequencies or lower voltages and frequencies than the fixed voltage and fixed frequency received from the AC power source 102.
- Figure 2 illustrates schematically some of the components in one embodiment of the VSD 104.
- the VSD 104 can have three stages: a converter stage 202, a DC link stage 204 and an inverter stage 206.
- the converter 202 converts the fixed line frequency, fixed line voltage AC power from the AC power source 102 into DC power.
- the DC link 204 filters the DC power from the converter 202 and provides energy storage components such as capacitors and/or inductors.
- the inverter 206 converts the DC power from the DC link 204 into variable frequency, variable voltage AC power for the motor 106.
- tiie converter 202 DC link 204 and inverter 206 are not critical to the present invention so long as the VSD 104 can provide appropriate output voltages and frequencies to the motor 106.
- the converter 202 can be a diode or thyristor rectifier coupled to a boost DC/DC converter to provide a boosted DC voltage to the DC link 204 in order to obtain an output voltage from the VSD 104 greater than the input voltage of the VSD 104.
- the converter 202 can be a pulse width modulated boost rectifier having insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) to provide a boosted DC voltage to the DC link 204 to obtain an output voltage from the VSD 104 greater than the input voltage of the VSD 104.
- the VSD 104 can provide output voltages and frequencies that are at least twice the fixed voltage and fixed frequency provided to the VSD 104.
- the VSD 104 can incorporate different components from those shown in Figure 2 so long as the VSD 104 can provide the motor 106 with appropriate output voltages and frequencies.
- the VSD 104 can prevent large inrush cunents from reaching the motor 106 during the startup of the motor 106.
- the inverter 206 of the VSD 104 can provide the motor 106 with power having about a unity power factor.
- the ability of the VSD 104 to adjust both the input voltage and input frequency received by the VSD 104 permits the VSD 104 to be operated on a variety of foreign and domestic power grids without having to alter the motor 106 for different power sources.
- the motor 106 is preferably an induction motor that is capable of being driven at variable speeds.
- the induction motor can have any suitable pole anangement including two poles, four poles or six poles.
- the induction motor is used to drive a load, preferably a compressor as shown in Figure 3.
- the system and method of the present invention can be used to drive a compressor of a refrigeration system.
- Figure 3 illustrates generally the system of the present invention connected to a refrigeration system.
- the HVAC, refrigeration or liquid chiller system 300 includes a compressor 302, a condenser 304, an evaporator 306, and a control panel 308.
- the control panel 308 can include a variety of different components such as an analog to digital (A/D) converter, a microprocessor, a non-volatile memory, and an interface board, to control operation of the refrigeration system 300.
- the control panel 308 can also be used to control the operation of the VSD 104 and the motor 106.
- the conventional refrigeration system 300 includes many other features that are not shown in Figure 3. These features have been purposely omitted to simplify the drawing for ease of illustration.
- Compressor 302 compresses a refrigerant vapor and delivers the vapor to the condenser 304 through a discharge line.
- the compressor 302 is preferably a screw compressor, but can be any suitable type of compressor, e.g., centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor, etc.
- the refrigerant vapor delivered by the compressor 302 to the condenser 304 enters into a heat exchange relationship with a fluid, e.g., air or water, and undergoes a phase change to a refrigerant liquid as a result of the heat exchange relationship with the fluid.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant from condenser 304 flows through an expansion device (not shown) to an evaporator 306.
- the liquid refrigerant in the evaporator 306 enters into a heat exchange relationship with a second fluid, e.g., air or water, to lower the temperature of the second fluid.
- the refrigerant liquid in the evaporator 306 undergoes a phase change to a refrigerant vapor as a result of the heat exchange relationship with the second fluid.
- the vapor refrigerant in the evaporator 306 exits the evaporator 306 and returns to the compressor 302 by a suction line to complete the cycle.
- any suitable configuration of condenser 304 and evaporator 306 can be used in the system 300, provided that the appropriate phase change of the refrigerant in the condenser 304 and evaporator 306 is obtained.
- the present invention obtains increased horsepower and efficiency from a motor 106 by operating the motor 106 at a voltage and frequency greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency in a constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode when the motor's load profile is a substantially constant torque load (such as a screw compressor).
- the flux or volts/Hz may be reduced in situations where the motor's load profile is a variable torque load, such as a centrifugal compressor or fan.
- the constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode of motor operation which is used for a load with a substantially constant torque profile, requires any increases or decreases in frequency provided to the motor 106 to be matched by conesponding increases and decreases in the voltages provided to the motor 106.
- a four pole induction motor can deliver twice its rated output horsepower and speed when operated at twice its rated voltage and twice its rated frequency.
- any increase in the voltage to the motor 106 results in an equivalent increase in the output horsepower of the motor 106.
- any increase in the frequency to the motor 106 results in an equivalent increase in the output speed of the motor 106.
- the volts/Hz ratio may be reduced to provide a slight improvement in motor efficiency, as rated motor flux is not required if rated torque is not required.
- Low voltage motors i.e., those rated below 600 VAC, include stator insulation systems that are rated for full 600 VAC operation, thus the motor voltage limitation is typically 600 VAC for motors rated less than or equal to the 600 VAC level.
- the input voltage to the motor 106 can be increased until the input voltage is equal to the rated voltage of the insulation of the motor windings. As seen in the above example, doubling of the input voltage and frequency to the motor 106 results in a doubling of the output horsepower and speed provided by the motor 106.
- One embodiment of the present invention for obtaining increased horsepower and efficiency in the motor 106 involves connecting the motor 106 to a VSD 104 that is capable of providing the motor 106 with an input voltage and input frequency that is greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency.
- the motor 106 can be rated for the conesponding line voltage and line frequency and the VSD 104 can provide an output voltage and output frequency to the motor 106 that is greater than the line voltage and line frequency.
- the motor 106 can be rated for the conesponding line frequency, and less than the conesponding line voltage and the VSD 104 can provide an output voltage substantially equal to the line voltage and an output frequency greater than line frequency. In either anangement, the motor 106 is receiving an input voltage and input frequency that is greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency.
- Another embodiment of the present invention for obtaining increased horsepower and efficiency in the motor 106 involves connecting a dual voltage motor, i.e., a motor having both a high voltage connection and a low voltage connection, to a VSD 104.
- the VSD 104 is connected to the low voltage connection of the dual voltage motor and provides the low voltage connection of the dual voltage motor with an input voltage conesponding to the high voltage connection and an input frequency greater than the line frequency.
- the input voltage provided to the low voltage connection of the dual voltage motor by the VSD 104 can either be increased from the line voltage by the VSD 104 or be substantially equal to the line voltage depending on the particular anangement of the dual voltage motor.
- the motor 106 is operated at an input voltage and input frequency from the VSD 104 greater than the motor's rated voltage and frequency to obtain a greater output speed and output horsepower of the motor.
- the VSD 104 can provide a variable input voltage and variable input frequency to the motor 106, the motor can be operated at a variety of different levels in the constant flux or constant volts/Hz mode depending on the particular load of the motor.
- a control panel, microprocessor or controller can provide control signals to the VSD 104 to control the operation of the VSD 104 (and possibly motor 106) to provide the optimal operational setting for the VSD 104 and motor 106 depending on the particular sensor readings received by the control panel.
- control panel 308 can adjust the output voltage and frequency of the VSD 104 to conespond to changing conditions in the refrigeration system, i.e., the control panel 308 can increase or decrease the output voltage and frequency of the VSD 104 in response to increasing or decreasing load conditions on the compressor 302 in order to obtain a desired operating speed of the motor 106 and a desired load output of the compressor 302.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05714102A EP1721384A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor |
CA002557586A CA2557586A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor |
JP2007501040A JP4615008B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | System and method for increasing the output horsepower and efficiency of an electric motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/789,632 US7075268B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2004-02-27 | System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor |
US10/789,632 | 2004-02-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005086338A1 true WO2005086338A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
Family
ID=34887321
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/006232 WO2005086338A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | System and method for increasing output horsepower and efficiency in a motor |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7075268B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1721384A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4615008B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100880195B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100521504C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2557586A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI286877B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005086338A1 (en) |
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- 2004-02-27 US US10/789,632 patent/US7075268B2/en active Active
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- 2005-02-25 KR KR1020067019978A patent/KR100880195B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-02-25 CA CA002557586A patent/CA2557586A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-25 CN CNB2005800125148A patent/CN100521504C/en active Active
- 2005-02-25 EP EP05714102A patent/EP1721384A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-25 TW TW094105782A patent/TWI286877B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-25 WO PCT/US2005/006232 patent/WO2005086338A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-25 JP JP2007501040A patent/JP4615008B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI286877B (en) | 2007-09-11 |
KR100880195B1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
JP2007525940A (en) | 2007-09-06 |
CN100521504C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
CN1961476A (en) | 2007-05-09 |
US20050189904A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
JP4615008B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
CA2557586A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
US7075268B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 |
KR20060115402A (en) | 2006-11-08 |
EP1721384A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
TW200536249A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
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