WO2005096555A1 - Optimizing the delivery of low-latency data for constantly active stations in virtual lans - Google Patents
Optimizing the delivery of low-latency data for constantly active stations in virtual lans Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005096555A1 WO2005096555A1 PCT/US2005/001329 US2005001329W WO2005096555A1 WO 2005096555 A1 WO2005096555 A1 WO 2005096555A1 US 2005001329 W US2005001329 W US 2005001329W WO 2005096555 A1 WO2005096555 A1 WO 2005096555A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- local area
- access point
- station
- virtual local
- latency
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
- H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
- H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to wireless broadcast transmissions and more particularly to a method for optimizing the delivery of multicast and broadcast transmission packets, especially in an 802.11 network.
- IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- the IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11e specifications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
- the current draft standard refers to the current draft supplement to the 802.1 le specification, which is also hereby incorporated by reference.
- An 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN) is based on a group or cellular architecture where the system is subdivided into basic units or cells.
- Each cell (called a Basic Service Set, or BSS, in the IEEE 802.11 nomenclature) is controlled by a base station, called an Access Point.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- a wireless LAN may be formed by a single cell, with a single access point, (or no access point), most installations will be formed by several cells, where the access points are connected through some kind of backbone (called Distribution System or DS).
- This backbone is typically Ethernet, but may be any other type of network, such as a token ring.
- the whole interconnected wireless LAN, including the different cells, their respective access points and the Distribution System is seen as a single 802 network to the upper layers of the Open Systems Interconnection model and is known in the Standard as the Extended Service Set (ESS).
- ESS Extended Service Set
- PGP Power-Save Protocol
- the station With power save mode on, the station indicates its desire to enter a "sleep" state to the access point via a status bit located in the header of each frame.
- the access point takes note of each station wishing to enter into power save mode and buffers packets corresponding to the sleeping station.
- the sleeping station In order to still receive data frames, the sleeping station must wake up periodically (at a synchronized time) to receive regular beacon transmissions coming from the access point. These beacons identify whether sleeping stations have frames buffered at the access point. After requesting and receiving the frames, the station can go back to sleep.
- PSP Power-Save Protocol
- the entire BSS adopts different characteristics in order to be able to provide services to the PSP station.
- this PSP operation may not present a hardship.
- PSP operation would cause a slight lag and delay in the transmission of multicast and broadcast packets, which would not be noticeable in data latency-tolerant transfer environments.
- VoIP voice-over-internet Protocol
- a lag and delay time becomes noticeable and problematic to the application.
- the BSS-wide characteristics will have changed to accommodate the PSP station.
- the AP when a single BSS station enters PSP mode, all subsequent multicast and broadcast transmissions are queued by the AP and transmitted as a batch following the next 802.11 Data Traffic Indicator Mark (DTLM) beacon.
- DTLM Data Traffic Indicator Mark
- the access point takes a high priority stance in BSS transmissions, relegating all other transmissions to secondary status, until such time as the DTLM has been completed. In essence, all other traffic in the BSS, both to and from the access point, are effectively halted for the DTIM transmission.
- Virtual networking refers to the ability of switches and routers to configure logical topologies on top of the physical network infrastructure allowing any arbitrary collection of LAN segments within a network to be combined into an autonomous station group, appearing as a single LAN.
- Virtual local area networks offer significant benefits in terms of efficient use of bandwidth, flexibility, performance, and security.
- VLAN technology functions by logically segmenting the network into different "broadcast domains" whereby packets are only switched between ports that are designated for the same VLAN. Thus, by containing traffic originating on a particular LAN only to other LAN's within the same VLAN, switched virtual networks avoid wasting bandwidth.
- the VLAN approach also improves scalability, particularly in LAN environments that support broadcast- or multicast-intensive protocols as well as other applications that flood packets throughout the network.
- a problem associated with access points conforming minimally to the 802.11 protocol is that if there is a single station in PSP mode associated to an access point, all multicast frames on all VLANs are buffered and transmitted immediately following an 802.11 DTLM beacon. Accordingly, higher-priority Quality-of-Service unicast transmissions may be delayed for the duration of the multicast delivery period. Power-save stations must stay awake, for the duration of the multicast delivery period, to receive multicast transmissions. As a result, multicast transmissions can reduce battery life in power-save stations.
- stations not in PSP operation and subscribed to low-latency multicast streams must wait for delivery of those multicasts.
- station A and station B are both clients of an 802.11 access point.
- station A enters into 802.11 PSP operation while station B remains in active operation.
- the 802.11 access point will buffer the IP multicast stream to compensate for station A being in PSP mode, even though station A is not a subscriber to the IP multicast group.
- station A is in VLAN 1 and station B is in VLAN 2, holding all other variables as in the preceding example.
- station A and station B are clients of the same 802.11 access point, while station A is in PSP mode, transmissions to station B are buffered to compensate for the station A PSP operation. Thus, even though the stations are on different respective VLANs, transmissions must still be buffered because of the PSP mode of station A. Thus, there exists a need for a system and method which may be suitably configured to immediately transmit low-latency multicasts/broadcasts to VLANs containing only active stations.
- the present innovation disclosed and claimed herein comprises a system and method for an access point to provide superior Quality-of-Service to a plurality of stations when those stations are grouped into virtual local area networks.
- the access point may be an IEEE 802.11 access point and the station may be a portable personal computer or a personal digital assistant.
- All stations associated with a particular virtual local area network are then determined to support low- latency data transmission, or otherwise stated as in constantly active mode.
- the access point then identifies the virtual local area networks determined to have only constantly active stations, i.e., those stations supporting low-latency data transmission.
- the access point will then transmit immediately, all incoming multicast/broadcast data packets destined for a virtual local area network having all associated stations operating in constantly active mode.
- Each virtual local area network with all stations supporting low-latency data transmission thereby receive such transmissions immediately.
- One aspect of the present method provides the step of identifying at least one of the virtual local area networks which has at least one station associated with the access point supporting high-latency data packets, that is, operating in power-save protocol operation.
- Yet another aspect of the present method provides the step of buffering data packets for the virtual local area network having at least one associated station operating in power-save protocol operation.
- a system for automatically optimizing delivery of low-latency data packets over at least one of the virtual local area networks includes means adapted for monitoring, at the access point, all virtual local area networks which have at least one station associated with the access point.
- the system further includes means adapted for determining, on one of the virtual local area networks, all associated stations that support low-latency data transmission.
- the system comprises means adapted for identifying the virtual local area network having all associated stations supporting low-latency data transmission.
- the system also comprises means adapted for transmitting immediately, all multicast/broadcast data packets destined for the virtual local area network having all associated stations supporting low-latency data transmission, i.e., all stations are operating in constantly active mode.
- One aspect of the present system provides means adapted for identifying at least one virtual local area network having at least one associated station supporting high-latency data packets.
- Yet another aspect of the present system provides means adapted for buffering data packets for the virtual local area network having at least one associated station operating in power-save protocol operation, i.e., a station supporting only high-latency data packet transmissions.
- a computer program product having a computer readable medium having computer program logic recorded thereon for performing a computer implemented method for an access point to provide immediate delivery of low-latency data packets to at least one of a plurality of virtual local area networks.
- the computer implemented method includes the step of monitoring, at the access point, all virtual local area networks comprising at least one station associated with the access point.
- the computer implemented method further includes the step of determining, on at least one of the virtual local area networks, that all associated stations support low-latency data transmission, i.e., all associated stations are operating in constantly active mode.
- the computer implemented method then provides the step of identifying the virtual local area network having all associated stations operating in constantly active mode.
- the computer implemented method further provides for transmitting multicast/broadcast data packets immediately to the virtual local area network having all associated stations operating in constantly active mode.
- One aspect of the computer implemented method provides the step of identifying at least one virtual local area network having at least one associated station supporting high- latency data packets.
- Yet another aspect of the present computer implemented method provides the step of buffering the data packets for the at least one virtual local area network having the at least one associated station in power-save protocol operation. The buffered data packets are subsequently transmitted with the next data traffic indicator mark.
- FIG 1 is a diagram illustrative of a typical VLAN 802.11 network
- FIG 2 is a flow chart illustrating the present invention in operation on an 802.11 network
- FIG 3 is a diagram illustrating the present invention in operation on VLANs organized by application mix on an 802.11 network
- FIG 4 is a diagram illustrating the present invention in operation on VLANs organized by device/hardware mix on an 802.11 network.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a representation of an 802.11 system 100 utilizing virtual local area network (VLAN) organization.
- VLAN virtual local area network
- stations 104 and 106 are generally categorized into VLANs according to both their security requirements and their application mix.
- Such categorization is well known in the art and the skilled artisan will appreciate the present invention takes advantage of such categorization of 802.11 stations operating on VLANs in an 802.11 network.
- a wired backbone 118 may be any suitable wired local area network (LAN) as is known in the art, including, but not limited to Ethernet and token ring.
- the wired backbone 118 contains a plurality of VLANs, VLAN 1 108, VLAN 2 110, VLAN 3 112, VLAN 4 114 and VLAN 5 116.
- VLAN 1 108 the wired local area network
- VLAN 2 110 the wired local area network
- VLAN 3 112 the wired local area network
- VLAN 4 114 VLAN 5 116.
- FIG 1 demonstrates Station A 104 operating on VLAN 2 110 and Station B 106 operating on VLAN 3 112.
- the assignment to a specific VLAN occurs upon association of a station to an access point.
- Station A 104 associated with the access point 102 and was subsequently assigned to VLAN 2 110.
- Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the assignment of Station A 104 to VLAN 2 110 generally resulted from the particular type of application mix running on Station A 104 at the time of association with the access point 102.
- Station A 104 at the time of association, was running an Internet browser and thereby operating in Power-Save Protocol mode.
- Station B 106 associated with the access point 102 and it was determined that the application mix then running on Station B 106 merited assignment to VLAN 3 112.
- Station B 106 at the time of association with access point 102, was running a Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) application, thereby operating in continuously active mode.
- VoIP Voice-over-Internet Protocol
- device/hardware type such as personal data assistant, docked or undocked laptop, personal computer, or the like, may also bear on which VLAN the authentication server will assign the associating station.
- security access controls may dictate VLAN assignment.
- application mix is exemplary only and other bases for assignment may be substituted herein without affecting the functionality of the present invention.
- step 202 802.11 Authentication of a station, at 202, occurs when a station has located an access point and decides to join the access point's basic service set.
- both the access point and the station exchange information, which results in verification of the identity of the station.
- an exchange of information regarding the capabilities of the basic service set and the station, called association occurs at step 202.
- the 802.11 association process of step 202 allows the set of access points comprising the network to know about the current position of the station.
- a station is capable of transmitting and receiving data frames only after the association process is completed.
- step 204 the station is then authenticated with the network for which the access point provides connection to the station.
- step 204 network authentication occurs.
- network authentication occurs.
- the method continues to step 206, where a determination is made that the 802.11 network on which the access point resides supports VLAN operations. In the event that at step 206, the system does not support VLAN operations, the method terminates and the station is ready to join the basic service set of the access point.
- step 208 when the access point determines the VLAN assignment of the associating station.
- the access point Upon the determination of a VLAN assignment at step 208, the access point proceeds, at step 210, to track all VLANs for which the access point provides access to associated stations. Thus, the access point monitors all VLANs on which it has associated stations assigned. The access point then determines, at step 212, that all the associated stations operating on a particular VLAN are in constantly active mode.
- the access point monitors its associated stations, realizing that all stations on a given VLAN are operating in a continuously active state.
- the stations assigned to the given VLAN and associated with the access point may all be running a multimedia presentation, transmitting VoIP, or the like.
- the access point delivers immediately all multicasts/broadcasts to the VLAN having only constantly active stations at step 214.
- the access point will immediately transmit multicasts/broadcasts to the given VLAN, even if other stations operating on other VLANs, but belonging to the access point's basic service set, are operating in PSP.
- the access point determines that the VLAN for which the station has been assigned does not have only active stations.
- the access point then proceeds to step 216, where the incoming multicast/broadcast data packets are batched and queued in accordance with standard 802.11 PSP operations.
- the queued multicast/broadcast data packets are then transmitted with the next Data Traffic Indicator Mark (DTLM) beacon at step 218.
- DTLM Data Traffic Indicator Mark
- FIG 3 and 4 will now be used to demonstrate an application of the subject invention to both an application based categorization by an authentication server, as well as a device based categorization.
- FIG 3 there is shown an exemplary multiple VLAN system operating on an 802.11 wireless network, with each VLAN representing a different application mix.
- Station C 304 is in PSP operation on VLAN 2 310 while Station D 306 operates in constantly active mode on VLAN 3 312.
- the access point 302 transmits to VLAN 2 310 and VLAN 3 312 over communications channel 320.
- the access point 302 is connected to a local area network (not shown) via backbone 318. Contained within backbone 318 are the logical VLANs 1-5, reference numbers 308 through 316, respectively.
- VLAN 2 310 containing those devices operating latency-tolerant applications, that is, applications that do not require immediate transmission of multicast/broadcast data packets.
- the devices on VLAN 2 310 may be, but need not be limited to, operating Internet browsers, word processing or other latency-tolerant applications.
- VLAN 3 312 represents those devices operating low-latency applications, that is, applications having a need for high Quality-of-Service.
- such applications may be, but need not be limited to, Voice-over-Internet-Protocol, multimedia streams, or broadcast streams.
- the Power-Save-Protocol operation of VLAN 2 310 would require the access point 302 to hold all multicast/broadcast transmissions, such as VoLP, until the next DTLM. That is, all multicast/broadcast transmissions to stations belonging to the Basic Service Set (BSS) of the access point 302 would be batched and queued until the next DTLM beacon.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- the PSP operation of Station C 304 on VLAN 2 310 has no effect on the transmission of multicasts/broadcasts to Station D 306 operating on VLAN 3 312.
- the access point 302 determines that one of the devices in VLAN 2 310 is operating in PSP, for purposes of this example, Station C 304 is currently operating in PSP.
- the access point 302 will identify VLAN 2 310 as having an associated station in PSP mode and will buffer and queue all incoming multicast/broadcast data packets for any device operating on VLAN 2 310 until transmission of the next DTLM beacon. Concurrently, the access point 302 is also tracking VLAN 3 312, monitoring the devices operating on VLAN 3 312. The access point 302 identifies VLAN 3 312 as having all associated stations on VLAN 3 312 in a constantly active mode. Applying the present invention, the access point 302, realizing that all its associated stations operating on VLAN 3 312 are constantly active, i.e., not in PSP, the access point 302 immediately transmits all multicasts/broadcasts designated for VLAN 3 312 to the VLAN.
- FIG 4 there is shown an exemplary multiple VLAN system operating on an 802.11 wireless network.
- Station E 404 represented as a personal data assistant
- Station F 406 represented by a laptop computer
- the access point 402 transmits to both VLAN 2 410 and VLAN 3 412 over communications channel 420.
- the access point 402 is connected to a local area network (not shown) via backbone 418. Located within the local area network are the logical VLANs 1-5, designated by reference numbers 408 through 416, respectively. Each VLAN 408-416 exists independent of the access point 402 and each other.
- FIG. 4 demonstrates an alternate method of assigning associating stations to a VLAN based upon the hardware/device type of the station. As shown in FIG 4, VLAN 2 410 consists of personal data assistants, including Station E 404. Thus, VLAN 2 410 has been designated as the VLAN for which all personal data assistants associating with the 802.11 network should be assigned. The benefits of grouping such similar types of hardware on the same VLAN are well known in the art.
- VLAN 3 412 has been designated as the VLAN for which all associating personal computers, including Station F 406, should be assigned. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the designation of all personal data assistants to one VLAN and all personal computers to another VLAN is for exemplary purposes only. The skilled artisan will appreciate that the division of hardware depicted in FIG. 4 may be further delineated to separate VLANs for docked laptops versus undocked laptops versus workstations and the like. In standard operation, the Power-Save-Protocol operation of the personal data assistants of VLAN 2 410 would require the access point 402 to hold all multicast/broadcast transmissions, such as VoEP, until the next DTIM beacon.
- Standard 802.11 operations require that in the event that even one station belonging to an access point's BSS operating in PSP, all multicast/broadcast transmissions for the BSS are batched and queued. That is, all multicast/broadcast transmissions to stations belonging to the BSS of the access point 402 would be batched and queued until the next DTLM beacon. During this period, transmission of the DTLM, the access point 402 takes a high-priority in BSS transmissions, effectively halting all other transmissions in the BSS. This results in a low Quality-of-Service, with a detectable lag time between transmissions by all stations requiring low-latency data packet transmissions.
- the application of the method of the present invention enables the immediate transmission of all data packets to the stations of VLAN 3 412 including Station F 406, bypassing the PSP operation of Station E 404 on VLAN 2 410, or any other station of VLAN 2 410.
- the access point 402 uses the assumption that access point 402 has assigned Station E 402 to VLAN 2 410 and Station F 406 has been assigned to VLAN 3 412, the access point 402 then tracks both VLAN 2 410 and VLAN 3 412 because the access point 402 has associated stations, Station E 404 and Station F 406, operating on VLAN 2 410 and VLAN 3 412, respectively.
- the access point 402 determines that one of the devices in VLAN 2 410 is operating in PSP, for purposes of this example, Station E 404 is currently operating in PSP. Thus, the access point 402 will identify VLAN 2 410 as having at least one associated station in PSP operation and will buffer and queue all incoming multicast/broadcast data packets for any device operating on VLAN 2 410 until transmission of the next DTLM. Concurrently, the access point 402 is also tracking VLAN 3 412, monitoring the devices operating on VLAN 3 412. The access point 402 then identifies VLAN 3 412 as a VLAN having only constantly active stations.
- the access point 402 realizing that all its associated stations operating on VLAN 3 412 are constantly active, i.e., not in PSP, the access point 402 immediately transmits all multicasts/broadcasts designated for VLAN 3 412 to the VLAN. This occurs irrespective of one or more associated stations operating in PSP, provided such other associated stations are not assigned to VLAN 3 412.
- the PSP versus Active operational mode of one category of devices/applications has a greatly diminished effect on the Quality-of-Service for other categories of devices/applications. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the use of only two VLANs in the foregoing example is demonstrative only, and the subject application need not be so limited.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2005800071716A CN1930827B (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-18 | Method and system for optimizing the delivery of low-latency data for constantly active stations in virtual LANs |
EP05705764.8A EP1735960B1 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-18 | Optimizing the delivery of low-latency data in virtual lans |
AU2005229612A AU2005229612B2 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-18 | Optimizing the delivery of low-latency data for constantly active stations in virtual LANS |
CA2558459A CA2558459C (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2005-01-18 | Optimizing the delivery of low-latency data for constantly active stations in virtual lans |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/798,040 US7489648B2 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | Optimizing 802.11 power-save for VLAN |
US10/798,040 | 2004-03-11 |
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WO2005096555A1 true WO2005096555A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
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AU2005229612B2 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
US20050201341A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
CN1930827A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
EP1735960A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
US7489648B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 |
CN1930827B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
CA2558459A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
AU2005229612A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
CA2558459C (en) | 2010-12-07 |
EP1735960B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
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