WO2005109567A1 - Low profile antenna - Google Patents

Low profile antenna Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005109567A1
WO2005109567A1 PCT/US2005/014824 US2005014824W WO2005109567A1 WO 2005109567 A1 WO2005109567 A1 WO 2005109567A1 US 2005014824 W US2005014824 W US 2005014824W WO 2005109567 A1 WO2005109567 A1 WO 2005109567A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slot
low profile
profile antenna
branch arm
ground plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/014824
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Corbett Ray Rowell
Original Assignee
Molex Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Molex Incorporated filed Critical Molex Incorporated
Publication of WO2005109567A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005109567A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low profile antenna, more particularly, to a low profile antenna, which can reduce the profile height of the patch antenna, which can reduce the SAR value of the antenna and not influence the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the internal antennas gradually replace the exterior antennas used in the existing mobile telephones just because the internal antennas . have the low profile heights (low profile for short), low SAR values (Specific Absorption Ratio, which represents the measured value of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed by people) and so on.
  • the internal antennas can be divided into two groups: (1) The microstrip patch antenna without ground connection 7, as shown in FIG. 1, is also named as the half wave microstrip patch antenna. Although this kind of antenna has the perfect antenna effect, it is always used for the large devices such as the base station, the space shuttle, the guided missile and so on due to the larger radiating area required. (2) The microstrip patch antenna with ground connection 8, as shown in FIG.
  • PIFA Planar Inverted-F Antenna
  • the microstrip patch antenna is a good alternative for use in mobile telephones and in the radio devices in view of their volume/ size firstly because the length of the microstrip antenna is reduced to 1/4 wavelength due to the mapping effect of the PIFA produced by earthing.
  • the PIFA has some characters, the most important of which is the relation between its size and its bandwidth because the bandwidth of PIFA is determined by its volume (L(length) ⁇ W(width) ⁇ H(height)) and the height affects the bandwidth very much. Furthermore, the resonance efficiency of the PIFA is determined by its perimeter (namely the length (L)+the width (W)). Accordingly, the resonance efficiency can be regulated via changing its perimeter by means of forming the induced load on the PIFA (such as notching of the plate of the PIFA so as to near the ground plate). Furthermore, the PIFA is also named as the "electric-field antenna", i.e. the resonance efficiency of the PIFA is controlled by the electric field formed by the PIFA.
  • bandwidth resonance regions namely multi-frequency antenna
  • the bandwidth resonance regions influence each other, that is, when the length of one bandwidth resonance region changes, the others can be influenced. Therefore the PIFA has hi coupling.
  • the internal space of the mobile telephone will become narrower as mobile telephones become lighter, thinner, shorter and smaller.
  • Methods to reduce the profile height of the PIFA in order to reduce the volume of the PIFA have been investigated.
  • a piece of dielectric material, for example, is sandwiched between the PIFA and the ground plate so that the volume of the PIFA is reduced proportionately relative to the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, but the method can result in the situation that the bandwidth of the PIFA is shortened and then the PIFA does not perform as well.
  • the external antenna can produce the SAR value exceeding the current standard (FCC: 1.6Mw/g; EU: 2.0Mw/g) while it is in close proximity to the user.
  • a remarkable performance characteristic of the PIFA is that its bandwidth can't be directly influenced by the size of the ground plate lying under the PIFA, but it can be influenced by the length of the perimeter (that is, the length +the width) of the ground plate.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a low profile antenna, which can reduce the volume of the patch antenna while at the same time not reducing the bandwidth of the antenna, and which can satisfy the requirements of being low profile and having a low SAR value.
  • the present invention provides a low profile antenna including a radiator module and a ground plate.
  • the radiator module comprises a radiating surface and a feed-in point located on the radiating surface.
  • the ground plate and the radiator module are spaced and stacked one upon the other.
  • the feed-in member electrically connected to the feed-in point is formed on the ground plate.
  • a slot radiating member is also formed on the ground plate, which comprises a first end lying on the feed-in member, a second end lying on one edge of the ground plate and a slot connecting the two ends.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna without ground connection
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna with ground connection
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the low profile antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is another specific example of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is another specific example of the radiator module according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna without ground connection
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna with ground connection
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the low profile antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is another specific example of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is another specific example of the radiator module according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows the state of the current distribution in the radiator and the ground plate when the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment is in operation
  • FIG. 11 shows the state of the current distribution in the radiator and the ground plate when the radiator module according to the first embodiment is in operation
  • FIG. 12 shows the measure results of the SWR of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 13 shows that the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment covered with a piece of dielectric material; deposited with a layer of metallic material
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the low profile antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the low profile antenna 1.
  • the low profile antenna 1 includes a radiator module 2 and a ground plate 3, and in the embodiment the low profile antenna 1 is given an example of one in the small radio communication device (such as the mobile telephone).
  • the ground plate 3 is a copper foil formed on one side of an insulating base board (such as a printed circuit board) 30, and a feed-in member 31 connected to a signal transmission line (not shown) is located on the ground plate 3.
  • the feed-in member 31 and the ground plate 3, which are isolated from each other, are mounted on the insulating base board 30.
  • the radiator module 2 and the ground plate 3 are opposite and spaced, and the radiator module 2 is posited upon the ground plate 3, which comprises a radiating surface 20, a feed-in point 21 and a earthing point 22 located on the radiating surface 20.
  • the radiating surface 20 is a generally rectangular metallic planar plate. It is sometimes referred to as a patch antenna.
  • the radiating surface 20 is often attached to an insulating base plate (not shown) and then is stacked above the ground plate 3 in order to prevent distortion.
  • the feed- in point 21 is electrically connected with the feed-in member 31 on the ground plate 3 in order that the signals outputted by the feed-in member 31 are sent to the radiating surface 20 to radiate or that the signals received by the radiating surface 20 are sent to the feed-in member 31.
  • the earthing point 22 is electrically connected with the ground plate 3 in order that the radiator module 2 comes into being a PIFA, that is, an electric field antenna.
  • the surface area of the radiating surface 20 of the radiator module 2 is required to be equal to 1/4 wavelength of the resonance frequency (about half the surface area of a patch antenna without ground connection) due to the connection between the earthing point devices, such as mobile telephones.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the radiator module 4 When the radiator module 4 is used in larger radio communication devices (that is, where reduced volume/size is not a priority), the radiator module 4 comes into being a patch antenna without ground connection while it isn't electrically connected to the ground plate 3 (that is, no earthing point posited). At this rate, the area of the radiating surface 40 of the radiator module 4 must be about two times of the area of the radiating surface 20 of the radiator module 2.
  • the resonance efficiency of the radiator module 2 is determined by the perimeter (namely the length (L) +the width (W)) of the radiating surface 2, so the length and the width of the radiating surface 2 should be designed in order that the radiating surface 20 can happen to resonate at 1900Hz ( in high frequency region).
  • the resonance efficiency of the radiating surface 20 can be regulated by means of forming an induced load on the radiating surface 20 (such as notching a slot 23 extending inward from the edge on the radiating surface 20) and forming the capacitive load on the radiating surface 20 (such as forming a bending part 24 bending downward towards the ground plate 3 so as to near the ground plate 3 on one edge of the radiating surface 20).
  • the bandwidth of the radiator module 2 is determined by its volume, that is, the product of the surface area and the height (that is, the distance H between the radiating surface 20 and the ground plate 3) of the radiating surface 20 (L(length) ⁇ W(width) ⁇ H(height)) and the variety of the height (H) affects the bandwidth very much.
  • the present invention is charactered that a slot radiating member 6 is formed on the ground plate 3, which comprises a first end 61 close to the feed-in member 31, a second end 62 lying on one edge 33 of the ground plate 3 and a slot 63 connecting the first end 61 and the second end 62.
  • the slot antenna similar to the magnetic field antenna is formed on the ground plate 3 and its shape and structure are designed so that it can produce the resonance at 900Hz (in low frequency region).
  • the low profile antenna is double-frequency antenna which can work at both two different frequency regions including the high frequency region and the low frequency region (1900MHz and 900MHz) due to the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6 formed on the ground plate 3. by designing properly its shape and structure. As shown in FIG.
  • the slot 64 of the slot radiating member 6 is formed into a continuously winding jagged shape.
  • the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an L shape, that is, the first end 61 extends outward along the direction perpendicular to the slot 63 to form a first branch arm 65.
  • the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F shape, that is, the middle part of the slot 63 extends at the same side with and generally parallel to the first branch arm 65 to form a second branch arm 66 besides the said first branch arm 65.
  • FIG. 7 the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an L shape, that is, the first end 61 extends outward along the direction perpendicular to the slot 63 to form a first branch arm 65.
  • the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F shape, that is, the middle part of the slot 63 extends at the same side with and generally parallel to the first branch arm 65 to form a second branch arm 66 besides the said first branch arm 65.
  • the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an E shape, that is, the part of the slot 63 close to the second end 62 extends at the same side with and generally parallel to the second branch arm 66 to form a third branch arm 67 besides the said first branch arm 65 and the said second branch arm 66.
  • Each of the branch arms may be of the same length, or may be of different lengths.
  • the losing bandwidth of the radiator module 2 which is produced by reducing the profile height can be compensated via forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3 so as to resolve the problem that the bandwidth is shortened along with reducing height.
  • the bandwidth of the radiator module 2 isn't reduced while its volume is reduced besides that a low transformation frequency region of the low profile antenna is increased, and it can measure up and satisfy the object of further reducing the volume of the current PIFA.
  • FIG. 10 shows the measure results of the low profile antenna 1 when the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F style slot as shown in FIG. 8. It can be known from the figure radiating member 6 and the first branch arm 65 to diffuse to the whole ground plate 3 so that the peak value of the SAR is reduced. It can be known from the measure results as shown in FIG.
  • the low profile antenna works in high frequency region (that is, the radiator module 2), it can prevent the electromagnetic wave radiating along the direction to the ground (that is, the direction to the people), and the SAR value is held in a set range, just because the radiator module 2 is shielded with the ground plate 3 under it similar to the traditional inner antenna structure with the ground plate.
  • FIG.12 shows the results received by measuring the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) value of the low profile antenna 1 when the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F style slot as shown in FIG. 8. It can be know from the FIG.12 that the low profile antenna 1 has perfect SWR value and the bandwidth in the high and low frequency region (900MHz and 1900MHz).
  • a piece of dielectric material 70 is positioned on the slot radiating member 6 of the ground plate 3 (referring to FIG. 1), that is, between the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6 in order to further reduce the volume of the radiator module 2.
  • the volume of the radiator module 2 is reduced proportionately relative to the dielectric constant of the dielectric material 70 (that is, the height of the radiator module 2), and then it can compensate the losing bandwidth of the radiator module 2 produced by providing the dielectric material 70 via regulating the shape and the structure of the slot radiating member 6.
  • the embodiment may be further designed that a metallic layer 71 is placed partly on the surface of the dielectric material 70 to improve the direction performance of the electromagnetic field of the slot radiating member 6, so that the electromagnetic field produced by the slot radiating member 6 is more concentrated and the SAR value is reduced and the radiating efficiency is increased.
  • FIG. 15 shows a second embodiment of the low profile antenna according to the present invention, the only difference of which compared with the first embodiment is that the radiator module 5 isn't a patch, but rather, is a monopole antenna.
  • One end of the radiator module 5 is equipped with a earthing point 51 electrically connected to the ground plate 3, and a feed-in point 52 located at a position which is spaced at a proper distance to the earthing point 51 is electrically connected to the feed-in member 31 on the ground plate 3 so as to form a PIFA. It can compensate for reduced bandwidth produced by reducing the height of the radiator module 5 and can realize the many advantages which are member 6 on the ground plate 3.
  • the low profile antenna according to the present invention can produce the necessary resonance in the low frequency region (900MHz) by forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3 and it can compensate for the reduced bandwidth of the radiator modules 2 and 5 operating in the high frequency region (1900MHz) which is produced by reducing the profile height via providing the slot radiating member 6. It likewise does not affect the resonance frequencies of the radiator modules 2,5 and the slot radiating member 6 due to regulating their respective shapes and structures because that the low and high frequency antennas of the low profile antenna 1 are respectively formed into the individual modules.
  • radiator modules 2,5 can further reduce the heights of the radiator modules 2,5 to increase its ability to reduce its profile while not influencing the bandwidths of the radiator module 2,5 by means of covering a piece of dielectric material 50 upon the slot radiating member 6 and properly regulating the slot radiating member 6.
  • a layer of metallic material 52 is placed partly on the surface of the dielectric material 50 to improve the direction performance of the slot radiating member 6, so that the radiating efficiency of the slot radiating member 6 is further increased and the SAR value is reduced.

Abstract

A low profile antenna includes a radiator module and a ground plate. The ground plate and the radiator module are spaced and stacked one upon the other. The radiator module comprises a radiating surface and a feed-in point located on the radiating surface. The feed-in member is electrically connected to the feed-in point on the ground plate. A slot radiating member is also formed on the ground plate, which comprises a first end lying on the feed-in member of the ground plate, a second end lying one edge of the ground plate and a slot connecting the two ends. With this structure the profile height of the radiator module can be reduced. Simultaneously it can compensate for the bandwidth reduction of the radiator module resulting from the reduced height profile by providing the slot radiating member, and it can also reduce the SAR value of the antenna.

Description

LOW PROFILE ANTENNA
Field of the Invention: The invention relates to a low profile antenna, more particularly, to a low profile antenna, which can reduce the profile height of the patch antenna, which can reduce the SAR value of the antenna and not influence the bandwidth of the antenna.
Background of the Invention: In the radio communication devices, the internal antennas gradually replace the exterior antennas used in the existing mobile telephones just because the internal antennas . have the low profile heights (low profile for short), low SAR values (Specific Absorption Ratio, which represents the measured value of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed by people) and so on. The internal antennas can be divided into two groups: (1) The microstrip patch antenna without ground connection 7, as shown in FIG. 1, is also named as the half wave microstrip patch antenna. Although this kind of antenna has the perfect antenna effect, it is always used for the large devices such as the base station, the space shuttle, the guided missile and so on due to the larger radiating area required. (2) The microstrip patch antenna with ground connection 8, as shown in FIG. 2, is also named as the PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna), which has a feed-in point 81 electrically connected to a feed-in section 91 on a ground plate 9 lying under the antenna, and a earthing point 82 electrically connected to a ground plate 9. The microstrip patch antenna is a good alternative for use in mobile telephones and in the radio devices in view of their volume/ size firstly because the length of the microstrip antenna is reduced to 1/4 wavelength due to the mapping effect of the PIFA produced by earthing. The PIFA has some characters, the most important of which is the relation between its size and its bandwidth because the bandwidth of PIFA is determined by its volume (L(length)χ W(width)χH(height)) and the height affects the bandwidth very much. Furthermore, the resonance efficiency of the PIFA is determined by its perimeter (namely the length (L)+the width (W)). Accordingly, the resonance efficiency can be regulated via changing its perimeter by means of forming the induced load on the PIFA (such as notching of the plate of the PIFA so as to near the ground plate). Furthermore, the PIFA is also named as the "electric-field antenna", i.e. the resonance efficiency of the PIFA is controlled by the electric field formed by the PIFA. When several bandwidth resonance regions (namely multi-frequency antenna) are formed on one PIFA, the bandwidth resonance regions influence each other, that is, when the length of one bandwidth resonance region changes, the others can be influenced. Therefore the PIFA has hi coupling. In addition, the internal space of the mobile telephone will become narrower as mobile telephones become lighter, thinner, shorter and smaller. Methods to reduce the profile height of the PIFA in order to reduce the volume of the PIFA have been investigated. A piece of dielectric material, for example, is sandwiched between the PIFA and the ground plate so that the volume of the PIFA is reduced proportionately relative to the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, but the method can result in the situation that the bandwidth of the PIFA is shortened and then the PIFA does not perform as well. Although it can increase (compensate) for the reduced bandwidth of the PIFA via providing a plane external antenna, the external antenna can produce the SAR value exceeding the current standard (FCC: 1.6Mw/g; EU: 2.0Mw/g) while it is in close proximity to the user. Moreover, a remarkable performance characteristic of the PIFA is that its bandwidth can't be directly influenced by the size of the ground plate lying under the PIFA, but it can be influenced by the length of the perimeter (that is, the length +the width) of the ground plate.
Summary of the Invention: Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low profile antenna, which can reduce the volume of the patch antenna while at the same time not reducing the bandwidth of the antenna, and which can satisfy the requirements of being low profile and having a low SAR value. According to the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a low profile antenna including a radiator module and a ground plate. The radiator module comprises a radiating surface and a feed-in point located on the radiating surface. The ground plate and the radiator module are spaced and stacked one upon the other. The feed-in member electrically connected to the feed-in point is formed on the ground plate. A slot radiating member is also formed on the ground plate, which comprises a first end lying on the feed-in member, a second end lying on one edge of the ground plate and a slot connecting the two ends. By these, it can reduce the profile height of the radiator module. Simultaneously it can the profile height via providing the slot radiating member, and it can reduce the SAR value of the antenna.
Description of the Drawing: The organization and manner of the structure and operation of the invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals identify like elements in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna without ground connection; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a known microstrip patch antenna with ground connection; FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the low profile antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is another specific example of the first embodiment; FIG. 5 is another specific example of the radiator module according to the first embodiment; FIG. 6 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment; FIG. 7 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment; FIG. 8 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment; FIG. 9 is another specific example of the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment; FIG. 10 shows the state of the current distribution in the radiator and the ground plate when the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment is in operation; FIG. 11 shows the state of the current distribution in the radiator and the ground plate when the radiator module according to the first embodiment is in operation; FIG. 12 shows the measure results of the SWR of the first embodiment; FIG. 13 shows that the slot radiating member according to the first embodiment covered with a piece of dielectric material; deposited with a layer of metallic material; FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the low profile antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Disclosed Embodiments: While the invention may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosures are to be considered exemplifications of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that as illustrated and described herein. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the low profile antenna 1. The low profile antenna 1 includes a radiator module 2 and a ground plate 3, and in the embodiment the low profile antenna 1 is given an example of one in the small radio communication device (such as the mobile telephone). The ground plate 3 is a copper foil formed on one side of an insulating base board (such as a printed circuit board) 30, and a feed-in member 31 connected to a signal transmission line (not shown) is located on the ground plate 3. The feed-in member 31 and the ground plate 3, which are isolated from each other, are mounted on the insulating base board 30. The radiator module 2 and the ground plate 3 are opposite and spaced, and the radiator module 2 is posited upon the ground plate 3, which comprises a radiating surface 20, a feed-in point 21 and a earthing point 22 located on the radiating surface 20. The radiating surface 20 is a generally rectangular metallic planar plate. It is sometimes referred to as a patch antenna. The radiating surface 20 is often attached to an insulating base plate (not shown) and then is stacked above the ground plate 3 in order to prevent distortion. The feed- in point 21 is electrically connected with the feed-in member 31 on the ground plate 3 in order that the signals outputted by the feed-in member 31 are sent to the radiating surface 20 to radiate or that the signals received by the radiating surface 20 are sent to the feed-in member 31. The earthing point 22 is electrically connected with the ground plate 3 in order that the radiator module 2 comes into being a PIFA, that is, an electric field antenna.
Furthermore the surface area of the radiating surface 20 of the radiator module 2 is required to be equal to 1/4 wavelength of the resonance frequency (about half the surface area of a patch antenna without ground connection) due to the connection between the earthing point devices, such as mobile telephones. Indeed, another embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. When the radiator module 4 is used in larger radio communication devices (that is, where reduced volume/size is not a priority), the radiator module 4 comes into being a patch antenna without ground connection while it isn't electrically connected to the ground plate 3 (that is, no earthing point posited). At this rate, the area of the radiating surface 40 of the radiator module 4 must be about two times of the area of the radiating surface 20 of the radiator module 2. Furthermore, as shown in FIG.3, the resonance efficiency of the radiator module 2 is determined by the perimeter (namely the length (L) +the width (W)) of the radiating surface 2, so the length and the width of the radiating surface 2 should be designed in order that the radiating surface 20 can happen to resonate at 1900Hz ( in high frequency region). Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5, the resonance efficiency of the radiating surface 20 can be regulated by means of forming an induced load on the radiating surface 20 (such as notching a slot 23 extending inward from the edge on the radiating surface 20) and forming the capacitive load on the radiating surface 20 (such as forming a bending part 24 bending downward towards the ground plate 3 so as to near the ground plate 3 on one edge of the radiating surface 20). It can be known from above that the bandwidth of the radiator module 2 is determined by its volume, that is, the product of the surface area and the height (that is, the distance H between the radiating surface 20 and the ground plate 3) of the radiating surface 20 (L(length)χ W(width)χH(height)) and the variety of the height (H) affects the bandwidth very much. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, the present invention is charactered that a slot radiating member 6 is formed on the ground plate 3, which comprises a first end 61 close to the feed-in member 31, a second end 62 lying on one edge 33 of the ground plate 3 and a slot 63 connecting the first end 61 and the second end 62. The metallic material lying the path extending from the first end 61 of the ground plate 3 towards the edge 33 of the ground plate 3 to the second end 62 of the ground plate 3 is wiped off to form the slot 63 and the slot 63 is formed like the basic shape as shown in FIG. 3. By these, the slot antenna similar to the magnetic field antenna is formed on the ground plate 3 and its shape and structure are designed so that it can produce the resonance at 900Hz (in low frequency region). So, the low profile antenna is double-frequency antenna which can work at both two different frequency regions including the high frequency region and the low frequency region (1900MHz and 900MHz) due to the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6 formed on the ground plate 3. by designing properly its shape and structure. As shown in FIG. 6, for example, the slot 64 of the slot radiating member 6 is formed into a continuously winding jagged shape. As shown in FIG. 7, the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an L shape, that is, the first end 61 extends outward along the direction perpendicular to the slot 63 to form a first branch arm 65. As shown in FIG. 8, the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F shape, that is, the middle part of the slot 63 extends at the same side with and generally parallel to the first branch arm 65 to form a second branch arm 66 besides the said first branch arm 65. As shown in FIG. 9, the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an E shape, that is, the part of the slot 63 close to the second end 62 extends at the same side with and generally parallel to the second branch arm 66 to form a third branch arm 67 besides the said first branch arm 65 and the said second branch arm 66. Each of the branch arms may be of the same length, or may be of different lengths. By these, the whole length of the slot radiating member 6 is increased and then its resonance frequency in low frequency region is changed. Specially, the whole length of the ground plate 3 is increased by forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3. According to the relation between the PIFA and the whole length of the ground plate it is known that the bandwidth of the PIFA is increased while the whole length of the ground plate is increased. Hereby, when the height of the radiator module 2 is reduced in order to shorten the volume of the radiator module (PIFA) 2, the losing bandwidth of the radiator module 2 which is produced by reducing the profile height can be compensated via forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3 so as to resolve the problem that the bandwidth is shortened along with reducing height. So due to forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3, the bandwidth of the radiator module 2 isn't reduced while its volume is reduced besides that a low transformation frequency region of the low profile antenna is increased, and it can measure up and satisfy the object of further reducing the volume of the current PIFA. In addition, the resonance frequencies of the high and low frequency antenna (that is, the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6) of the low profile antenna 1 are controlled by their electric fields and their magnetic fields, and they aren't formed on the same patch, they have low coupling. Accordingly, when the structures and the shapes of the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6 formed on the ground plate 3 are changed, the resonance between the two can't be influenced easily. FIG. 10 shows the measure results of the low profile antenna 1 when the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F style slot as shown in FIG. 8. It can be known from the figure radiating member 6 and the first branch arm 65 to diffuse to the whole ground plate 3 so that the peak value of the SAR is reduced. It can be known from the measure results as shown in FIG. 11 that when the low profile antenna works in high frequency region (that is, the radiator module 2), it can prevent the electromagnetic wave radiating along the direction to the ground (that is, the direction to the people), and the SAR value is held in a set range, just because the radiator module 2 is shielded with the ground plate 3 under it similar to the traditional inner antenna structure with the ground plate. Furthermore as shown in FIG.12, it shows the results received by measuring the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) value of the low profile antenna 1 when the slot radiating member 6 is formed into an F style slot as shown in FIG. 8. It can be know from the FIG.12 that the low profile antenna 1 has perfect SWR value and the bandwidth in the high and low frequency region (900MHz and 1900MHz). In addition, a piece of dielectric material 70 is positioned on the slot radiating member 6 of the ground plate 3 (referring to FIG. 1), that is, between the radiator module 2 and the slot radiating member 6 in order to further reduce the volume of the radiator module 2. By this, the volume of the radiator module 2 is reduced proportionately relative to the dielectric constant of the dielectric material 70 (that is, the height of the radiator module 2), and then it can compensate the losing bandwidth of the radiator module 2 produced by providing the dielectric material 70 via regulating the shape and the structure of the slot radiating member 6. Also, the embodiment may be further designed that a metallic layer 71 is placed partly on the surface of the dielectric material 70 to improve the direction performance of the electromagnetic field of the slot radiating member 6, so that the electromagnetic field produced by the slot radiating member 6 is more concentrated and the SAR value is reduced and the radiating efficiency is increased. Now referring to FIG. 15, it shows a second embodiment of the low profile antenna according to the present invention, the only difference of which compared with the first embodiment is that the radiator module 5 isn't a patch, but rather, is a monopole antenna. One end of the radiator module 5 is equipped with a earthing point 51 electrically connected to the ground plate 3, and a feed-in point 52 located at a position which is spaced at a proper distance to the earthing point 51 is electrically connected to the feed-in member 31 on the ground plate 3 so as to form a PIFA. It can compensate for reduced bandwidth produced by reducing the height of the radiator module 5 and can realize the many advantages which are member 6 on the ground plate 3. All in all, the low profile antenna according to the present invention can produce the necessary resonance in the low frequency region (900MHz) by forming the slot radiating member 6 on the ground plate 3 and it can compensate for the reduced bandwidth of the radiator modules 2 and 5 operating in the high frequency region (1900MHz) which is produced by reducing the profile height via providing the slot radiating member 6. It likewise does not affect the resonance frequencies of the radiator modules 2,5 and the slot radiating member 6 due to regulating their respective shapes and structures because that the low and high frequency antennas of the low profile antenna 1 are respectively formed into the individual modules. Furthermore, it can further reduce the heights of the radiator modules 2,5 to increase its ability to reduce its profile while not influencing the bandwidths of the radiator module 2,5 by means of covering a piece of dielectric material 50 upon the slot radiating member 6 and properly regulating the slot radiating member 6. In addition, a layer of metallic material 52 is placed partly on the surface of the dielectric material 50 to improve the direction performance of the slot radiating member 6, so that the radiating efficiency of the slot radiating member 6 is further increased and the SAR value is reduced. While the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are shown and described, it is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS: What is claimed is: 1. A low profile antenna, comprising: a radiator module, the radiator module comprises a radiating surface and a feed-in point located on the radiating surface; and a ground plate, the ground plate and the radiating surface of the radiator module being spaced apart from each other and stacked relative to each other, and a feed-in member electrically connected to the feed-in point is formed on the ground plate, wherein: a slot radiating member is formed on the ground plate, the slot radiating member comprises a first end lying on the feed-in member, a second end lying on one edge of the ground plate and a slot connecting the two ends.
2. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiator module also comprises an earthing point electrically connected to the ground plate.
3. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slot of the slot radiating member is formed into a continuously winding jagged shaped slot.
4. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slot radiating member also comprises at least one branch arm extending from the slot.
5. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slot radiating member comprises a first branch arm extending from the first end along a direction generally perpendicular to the slot.
6. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slot radiating member comprises a first branch arm extending from the first end along a direction generally perpendicular to the slot and a second branch arm extending from the slot along a direction generally perpendicular from the slot.
7. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first branch arm and the second branch arm are generally parallel to each other. the second branch arm extend from the slot in the same direction.
9. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 6, comprising a third branch arm extending from the slot.
10. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first branch arm, the second branch arm and the third branch arm are generally parallel to each other.
11. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first branch arm, the second branch arm and the third branch arm extend from the slot in the same direction.
12. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dielectric material covers at least a portion of the slot radiating member.
13. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 12, wherein the dielectric material includes a metallic layer on a least a portion thereof.
14. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein an induced load is formed on the radiating surface of the radiator module.
15. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 14, wherein the induced load is a slot extending inward from the edge on the radiating surface.
16. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a capacitive load is formed on the radiating surface of the radiator module.
17. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 16, wherein the capacitive load is a bending part bending downward towards the ground plate so as to be located near the ground plate on one edge of the radiating surface
18. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feed-in point is electrically connected with the feed-in member via a signal transmission line. includes an earthing point spaced apart from the feed-in point and wherein the ground plate is electrically connected to the feed-in point.
20. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the radiator module is a monopole antenna.
21. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 20, wherein the earthing point is located on one end of the monopole antenna, and the feed-in point is located at a position, which is spaced at a distance to the earthing point.
22. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the slot of the slot radiating member is formed into a continuously winding jagged shaped slot.
23. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the slot radiating member also comprises at least one branch arm extending from the slot.
24. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the slot radiating member comprises a first branch arm extending from the first end along a direction generally perpendicular to the slot.
25. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the slot radiating member comprises a first branch arm extending from the first end along a direction generally perpendicular to the slot and a second branch arm extending from the slot along a direction generally perpendicular from the slot.
26. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 25, wherein the first branch arm and the second branch arm are generally parallel to each other.
27. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 25, wherein the first branch arm and the second branch arm extend from the slot in the same direction.
28. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 25, comprising a third branch arm extending from the slot. second branch arm and the third branch arm are generally parallel to each other.
30. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 28, wherein the first branch arm, the second branch arm and the third branch arm extend from the slot in the same direction.
31. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein a dielectric material covers at least a portion of the slot radiating member.
32. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 31, wherein the dielectric material includes a metallic layer on a least a portion thereof.
33. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein an induced load is formed on the radiating surface of the radiator module.
34. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 33, wherein the induced load is a slot extending inward from the edge on the radiating surface.
35. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein a capacitive load is formed on the radiating surface of the radiator module.
36. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 35, wherein the capacitive load is a bending part bending downward towards the ground plate so as to be located near the ground plate on one edge of the radiating surface
37. A low profile antenna as claimed in claim 19, wherein the feed-in point is electrically connected with the feed-in member via a signal transmission line.
PCT/US2005/014824 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Low profile antenna WO2005109567A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200410037401.0 2004-04-29
CN 200410037401 CN1691415B (en) 2004-04-29 2004-04-29 Low side height antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005109567A1 true WO2005109567A1 (en) 2005-11-17

Family

ID=34967872

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/014824 WO2005109567A1 (en) 2004-04-29 2005-04-29 Low profile antenna

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1691415B (en)
WO (1) WO2005109567A1 (en)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008032263A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Nxp B.V. Multiple antenna arrangement
WO2008086098A2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-17 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
WO2008086100A2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-17 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
WO2008157725A1 (en) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic device antennas
WO2009002575A2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-31 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US7688267B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2010-03-30 Apple Inc. Broadband antenna with coupled feed for handheld electronic devices
US7768462B2 (en) 2007-08-22 2010-08-03 Apple Inc. Multiband antenna for handheld electronic devices
US7864123B2 (en) 2007-08-28 2011-01-04 Apple Inc. Hybrid slot antennas for handheld electronic devices
CN102104188A (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 智易科技股份有限公司 Antenna with multi-bands
US8106836B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2012-01-31 Apple Inc. Hybrid antennas for electronic devices
US8270914B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2012-09-18 Apple Inc. Bezel gap antennas
US8368602B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2013-02-05 Apple Inc. Parallel-fed equal current density dipole antenna
US8638266B2 (en) 2008-07-24 2014-01-28 Nxp, B.V. Antenna arrangement and a radio apparatus including the antenna arrangement
US8665164B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2014-03-04 Apple Inc. Multiband handheld electronic device slot antenna
CN104733835A (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 中兴通讯股份有限公司 PIFA antenna and electronic device
US9136584B2 (en) 2006-07-12 2015-09-15 Apple Inc. Antenna system
US9160056B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2015-10-13 Apple Inc. Multiband antennas formed from bezel bands with gaps
US9166279B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2015-10-20 Apple Inc. Tunable antenna system with receiver diversity
US9172139B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2015-10-27 Apple Inc. Bezel gap antennas
US9246221B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2016-01-26 Apple Inc. Tunable loop antennas
US9350069B2 (en) 2012-01-04 2016-05-24 Apple Inc. Antenna with switchable inductor low-band tuning
US9634378B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2017-04-25 Apple Inc. Peripheral electronic device housing members with gaps and dielectric coatings

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8514138B2 (en) * 2011-01-12 2013-08-20 Mediatek Inc. Meander slot antenna structure and antenna module utilizing the same
US9634396B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2017-04-25 Galtronics Corporation Ltd. Extremely low-profile antenna
CN104716416A (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 Antenna device
TWI559611B (en) 2014-04-14 2016-11-21 仁寶電腦工業股份有限公司 Electronic device having antenna structure
CN106299638A (en) * 2016-05-20 2017-01-04 北京小鸟听听科技有限公司 A kind of for surface-pasted antenna and design and production method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1018779A2 (en) * 1999-01-05 2000-07-12 Lk-Products Oy Planar dual-frequency antenna and radio apparatus employing a planar antenna
WO2002101874A1 (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-19 Alcatel Compact multiband antenna
US20030112196A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Hanyang Wang Monopole slot antenna

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1018779A2 (en) * 1999-01-05 2000-07-12 Lk-Products Oy Planar dual-frequency antenna and radio apparatus employing a planar antenna
WO2002101874A1 (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-19 Alcatel Compact multiband antenna
US20030112196A1 (en) * 2001-12-18 2003-06-19 Hanyang Wang Monopole slot antenna

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9136584B2 (en) 2006-07-12 2015-09-15 Apple Inc. Antenna system
WO2008032263A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Nxp B.V. Multiple antenna arrangement
US7688267B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2010-03-30 Apple Inc. Broadband antenna with coupled feed for handheld electronic devices
US7595759B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2009-09-29 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
WO2008086098A3 (en) * 2007-01-04 2009-08-20 Apple Inc Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
WO2008086098A2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-17 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
US8350761B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2013-01-08 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
US7893883B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2011-02-22 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
US8907850B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2014-12-09 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
KR101208772B1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2012-12-05 애플 인크. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
KR101133860B1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2012-04-24 애플 인크. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
WO2008086100A3 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-09-04 Apple Inc Antennas for handheld electronic devices
WO2008086100A2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-17 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
US7808438B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2010-10-05 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
US8094079B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2012-01-10 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic devices with isolated antennas
AU2008205147B2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2010-12-16 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
AU2008269045B2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2010-11-25 Apple, Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
GB2463179A (en) * 2007-06-21 2010-03-10 Apple Inc Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
WO2008157725A1 (en) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic device antennas
US8907852B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2014-12-09 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US7843396B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2010-11-30 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US9882269B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2018-01-30 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
US7911387B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2011-03-22 Apple Inc. Handheld electronic device antennas
WO2009002575A2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-31 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US7924231B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2011-04-12 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
GB2463179B (en) * 2007-06-21 2011-11-09 Apple Inc Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US8169374B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2012-05-01 Apple Inc. Antenna for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US9356355B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2016-05-31 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices
US7612725B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2009-11-03 Apple Inc. Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
WO2009002575A3 (en) * 2007-06-21 2009-08-20 Apple Inc Antennas for handheld electronic devices with conductive bezels
US7768462B2 (en) 2007-08-22 2010-08-03 Apple Inc. Multiband antenna for handheld electronic devices
US7864123B2 (en) 2007-08-28 2011-01-04 Apple Inc. Hybrid slot antennas for handheld electronic devices
US8106836B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2012-01-31 Apple Inc. Hybrid antennas for electronic devices
US8410986B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2013-04-02 Apple Inc. Hybrid antennas for electronic devices
US8994597B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2015-03-31 Apple Inc. Hybrid antennas for electronic devices
US8638266B2 (en) 2008-07-24 2014-01-28 Nxp, B.V. Antenna arrangement and a radio apparatus including the antenna arrangement
US8665164B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2014-03-04 Apple Inc. Multiband handheld electronic device slot antenna
US8270914B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2012-09-18 Apple Inc. Bezel gap antennas
US9172139B2 (en) 2009-12-03 2015-10-27 Apple Inc. Bezel gap antennas
CN102104188A (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 智易科技股份有限公司 Antenna with multi-bands
CN102104188B (en) * 2009-12-16 2015-08-19 智易科技股份有限公司 The antenna of tool multiband
US9160056B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2015-10-13 Apple Inc. Multiband antennas formed from bezel bands with gaps
US9653783B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2017-05-16 Apple Inc. Multiband antennas formed from bezel bands with gaps
US8368602B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2013-02-05 Apple Inc. Parallel-fed equal current density dipole antenna
US9634378B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2017-04-25 Apple Inc. Peripheral electronic device housing members with gaps and dielectric coatings
US9166279B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2015-10-20 Apple Inc. Tunable antenna system with receiver diversity
US9246221B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2016-01-26 Apple Inc. Tunable loop antennas
US9350069B2 (en) 2012-01-04 2016-05-24 Apple Inc. Antenna with switchable inductor low-band tuning
CN104733835A (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 中兴通讯股份有限公司 PIFA antenna and electronic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1691415B (en) 2010-08-11
CN1691415A (en) 2005-11-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005109567A1 (en) Low profile antenna
CN1897355B (en) Internal antenna having perpendicular arrangement
CN1495966B (en) Internal antenna
EP1096602B1 (en) Planar antenna
EP1368855B1 (en) Antenna arrangement
EP1506594B1 (en) Antenna arrangement and module including the arrangement
US7375686B2 (en) Planar inverted F antenna and method of making the same
US8477073B2 (en) Internal wide band antenna using slow wave structure
US6111545A (en) Antenna
US20060170600A1 (en) Internal multiband antenna
EP1791213A1 (en) Multiband antenna component
US20050057416A1 (en) Small-size, low-height antenna device capable of easily ensuring predetermined bandwidth
KR20010075231A (en) Capacitively-tune broadband antenna structure
US6864842B2 (en) Tri-band antenna
KR100616545B1 (en) Multi-band laminated chip antenna using double coupling feeding
US10965018B2 (en) Antenna device
WO2010125240A1 (en) Antenna combination
US7109921B2 (en) High-bandwidth multi-band antenna
EP2991163B1 (en) Decoupled antennas for wireless communication
EP0938158A2 (en) Antenna
KR100735154B1 (en) Impedance Transformation Type Wide Band Antenna
CN108258403A (en) Compact dual-frequency nesting antenna
US20080094303A1 (en) Planer inverted-F antenna device
WO2011103710A1 (en) An antenna arrangement for covering a frequency band
US7522936B2 (en) Wireless terminal

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase