WO2006040619A1 - Updating quality of service reservation - Google Patents
Updating quality of service reservation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006040619A1 WO2006040619A1 PCT/IB2004/052099 IB2004052099W WO2006040619A1 WO 2006040619 A1 WO2006040619 A1 WO 2006040619A1 IB 2004052099 W IB2004052099 W IB 2004052099W WO 2006040619 A1 WO2006040619 A1 WO 2006040619A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- end point
- reservation
- router
- access router
- address
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/72—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
- H04L47/724—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/15—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/76—Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions
- H04L47/765—Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the end-points
- H04L47/767—Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the end-points after changing the attachment point, e.g. after hand-off
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/783—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers
- H04L47/785—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers among multiple network domains, e.g. multilateral agreements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/824—Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to reservation of resources in a network and more precisely to reserving and updating quality of service reservation of resources on the network via a proxy node.
- RSVP Resource Reservation
- IETF RFC 2205
- a reservation is defined between to end points for a given type of communication or protocol.
- the reservation mechanism of RSVP uses a first message (PATH) sent from the emitter of the com ⁇ munication toward the other end.
- PATH first message
- Each network equipment on the way therebetween simply forwards the PATH message up to its destination.
- the destination replies with a reservation message (RESV) that follows the same path as the PATH message.
- the RESV message reserves the resources in each network equipment on its way back to the source of the PATH message.
- Another prior art solution aimed at reducing overhead created by the RSVP refresh procedure. It enables a shorter refresh message to be used in lieu of the one specified in the original RSVP.
- the solution also provided a mechanism to ensure reliability of the refresh messages by re-emitting lost messages. It does not address the need for a reservation to be maintained efficiently in different administrative domains.
- a first aspect of the present invention is directed to a router in a first administrative domain of a telecommunications network wherein the first administrative domain comprises a first end point having a first address.
- the first end point is associated to a reservation for a session transiting through the router between the first end point and a second end point in a second administrative domain.
- the router comprises a quality of service (QoS) reservation module capable of receiving an address modification no ⁇ tification related to the reservation from the first end point through a first access router, wherein the address modification notification indicates that the first end point changes its first address for a second address since the first end point is changing from the first access router to a second access router and issuing a first reservation message on behalf of the second end point toward the second access router.
- QoS quality of service
- the QoS reservation module of the router may further comprise a reservation table and be capable of updating a first record related to the first end point and its first address in view of the address modification notification and receiving an acknowledge message addressed from the first end point issued from the second access router concerning the first reservation message.
- a second aspect of the present invention is directed to a method of updating a reservation established for a session between a first end point in a first administrative domain and a second end point in a second administrative domain wherein the reservation is valid in the first administrative domain between the first end point, an access router and a domain router.
- the method comprises the steps of detecting that the first end point connected to the access router needs to change toward a second access router, in the domain router, receiving an address modification notification related to the reservation from the first end point and issuing a first reservation message from the domain router on behalf of the second end point toward the second access router.
- the method may further comprise the steps of updating a first record in a reservation table maintained by the domain router, wherein the first record relates to the first end point and receiving an acknowledge message addressed from the first end point issued from the second access router concerning the first reservation message.
- a third aspect of the present invention is directed to an end point having a first address in a first administrative domain of a telecommunications network.
- the first ad ⁇ ministrative domain comprises a first access router and a domain router.
- the end point is associated to a reservation for a session transiting through the first access router and the domain router toward a second end point in a second administrative domain and comprises a quality of service (QoS) reservation module capable of, upon detection of a need for a change from the first access router to a second access router, issuing an address modification notification related to the reservation toward the domain router, wherein the address modification notification indicates that the end point changes its first address for a second address since the end point is changing from the first access router to a second access router.
- QoS quality of service
- the QoS reservation module of the end point is further capable of, upon detection of a need for a change from the first access router to the second access router, obtaining the second address from the second access router.
- Figure 1 is an exemplary network topology in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a nodal operation and flow chart of mechanisms in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a modular representation of a router in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a mechanism optimizing the reservation of resources best fitted for resource-limited networks by proxying the reservation es ⁇ tablishment, the reservation refresh and the reservation update.
- the terminology used in the following description could be seen as similar to the one used in the prior art RSVP, but do not limit the present invention to characteristics of the RSVP.
- Figure 1 shows a mobile node (MN) 112 involved hi a session with a correspondent node (CN) 190 via various pieces of network equipment.
- the MN 112 is connected to a first access router (ARl) 116 through a link 114.
- ARl first access router
- the link 114 is formed by multiple network equipment and, therefore, by multiple sublinks not shown for clarity purposes.
- the sublinks may also be completely or partly wireless.
- the ARl 116 is further connected to a Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) 140 through a link 118.
- MAP Mobile Anchor Point
- the link 118 is usually composed of multiple sublinks of various types not shown for clarity purposes.
- the MAP 140 is, in turn connected, to the CN 190 through the link 192.
- the ARl 116 defines a first coverage area 110 in which the MN 112 is located.
- Other access routers AR2 126 and AR3 136 further define respective coverage areas 120 and 130.
- the MAP 140 defines a first administrative domain 142 comprising the coverage areas 110, 120 and 130.
- the number of coverage areas and access routers in a typical network implementing the invention shown using the exemplary network 100 is higher than three, but this has been chosen as an illustrative example.
- the link 192 is shown in dotted line since it is unlikely that a direct link between the MAP 140 and the CN 190 could exist.
- the link 192 in typical implementations, would cross another admin ⁇ istrative domain's boundary (not shown) before reaching the CN 190.
- the MN 112 is further shown moving in time toward the second coverage area 120 (arrow 115).
- FIG. 112 shows a nodal operation and flow chart of mechanisms in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- the MN 112 has three addresses LCoAl, RCoA and HoA associated therewith.
- LCoAl is an address, typical IPv6, valid within the first coverage area 110.
- the RCoA is an address, typical IPv6, valid in the admin ⁇ istrative domain 142.
- HCoA or HA is a home address, typically IPv6, that is associated with the MN 112 permanently.
- FIG. 2 shows three scenarios separated by dotted lines 210 and 220. All three scenarios work together in a typical implementation of the present invention. However, each scenario may be implemented independently from the others in view of the needs and the char ⁇ acteristics of the existing infrastructure.
- the MN 112 connects with the CN 190 in the session (step 2100).
- Various messages may usually be exchanged between the MN 112, the CN 190 and various intermediate nodes.
- the present invention does not address these exchanges, but rather comes into consideration for QoS reservation related to the session (established already or currently establishing).
- the MN 112 sends a first reservation message 2110 address to the CN 190 toward the ARl 116 to reserve resources for all traffic related to the session sent from the MNl 12 toward the CN 190.
- the reservation message 2110 contains QoS requirements related thereto.
- the QoS requirements it is possible that the QoS requirements to be implicitly applied in view, for instance, of other information exchanged during establishment of the session or in view of the identity (e.g. addresses, client authentication, etc.) of the end points involved.
- the ARl 116 may create a refresh state (step 2220), which is used in case of implementation of the second scenario shown between lines 210 and 220, as will be shown later.
- the ARl 116 further reserves the resources in view of the QoS requirements and sends a second reservation message 2112 toward the MAP 140.
- the MAP 140 then updates a reservation table (step 2119) containing a record to associating the QoS requirements of the session with the MN 112 as the source and the CN 190 as the destination.
- the MAP 140 further replies to the first reservation message 2112 with an acknowledge message 2114 on behalf of the CN 190 just as if the acknowledge message 2112 had been sent therefrom and forwarded on the link 192 up to the MAP 140 and, then, to the ARl 116 on the linkl 18.
- the step 2118 of updating the reservation table can be done before or after the step of sending the acknowledge message 2114 without affecting the functioning of the present invention.
- the MAP 140 then sends a third reservation message 2120 on behalf of the CN 190 toward the ARl 116 to reserve resources for traffic related to the session transiting from the CN 190 toward the MN 112.
- the ARl 116 may then reserve the relevant resources and send a fourth reservation message 2122 toward the MN 112.
- the MN 112 then replies with an acknowledge message 2124 addressed to the CN 190 toward the ARl 116, which is forwarded thereby toward the MAP 140 in an acknowledge message 2126.
- the step 2118 of updating the table may further comprise a step of updating or adding a record to associate the QoS requirements of the session with the MN 112 as the destination and the CN 190 as the source. Again, these steps could be done in various orders for various reasons without affecting the general results of the present invention.
- the MAP 140 may further optionally exchange messages represented on Figure 2 by the triple dotted line 2500 in order to establish reservation of resources in the whole or part of the link 192. This may not be necessary due to existing Service Level Agreements (SLA) existing between the MAP 140 and other entities.
- SLA Service Level Agreement
- the CN 190 could be located in a further administrative domain similar to the admin ⁇ istrative domain 142. In such a case, the present invention would enable a reservation to be made in the further administrative domain by a further MAP similar to the MAP 140 on behalf of the MN 112 even though no reservation between the MAP 140 and the further MAP exist.
- the second scenario is shown between lines 210 and 220.
- the ARl 116 could create a refresh state as shown earlier by the step 2220.
- the refresh state could comprise a refresh timer set from any of the reservation messages 2110, 2114, 2120 and 2122 or implicitly from configuration or the like.
- the ARl 116 determines that a refresh of the existing reservation from the MN 112 toward the CN 190 is needed upon expiration of the refresh timer or by any other ways (step 2210). It then sends a refresh reservation message 2230 toward the MAP 140 on behalf of the MN 112 and receives an acknowledge message 2240, related thereto, addressed from the CN 190.
- the ARl 116 may further update its own reservation upon sending the refresh reservation message 2230.
- the acknowledge message 2240 is sent by the MAP 140 on behalf of the CN 190 upon reception of the refresh reservation message 2230.
- the MAP 140 then sends a further refresh reservation message 2250 on behalf of the CN 190 upon determining that a refresh is needed for the reservation from the CN 190 toward the MN 112.
- the determination could be done, for instance, via a refresh timer of a refresh state similar to the refresh state maintained by the ARl 116 or may be triggered by the reception of the refresh reservation message 2230 addressed from the MN 112 received from the ARl 116.
- the MN 112 moves from the first coverage area 110 toward the second coverage area 120 under the responsibility of the AR2 126 (arrow 115). Since the LCoAl is valid only within the first coverage area 110, the MNl 12 needs to obtain a second address (LCoA2) valid in the second coverage area 120 (step 2310). This is usually achieved upon detection by the MN 112 or the ARl 116 or the AR2 126 that the MN 112 is leaving the first coverage area 110. When and how this is achieved is outside of the scope of the present invention. Moreover, the way LCo A2 is communicated between the MN 112 and the AR2 126 is also outside of the scope of the present invention.
- the MN 112 when the MN 112 receives the LCoA2, it needs to change the ongoing reservations. This may involve updating the reservations maintained in the MAP 140 even though the usual implementation would use the RCoA in identifying the reservations therein.
- the address modification needs to trigger the reservation of resources in the AR2 126. In order to do so, the MN 112 sends an address modification notification 2320 toward the MAP 140, which sends a reservation message 2330 on behalf of the CN 190.
- the AR2 126 sends an acknowledge message 2340 related to the received the reservation message 2330.
- the AR2 126 may further create a refresh state 2222 used in the the second scenario described between lines 210 and 220.
- the AR2 126 also send a further reservation message 2350 on behalf of the MN 112 toward the CN 190.
- the MAP 140 acknowledges the further reservation message 2350 with a further acknowledge message message 2360 sent on behalf of the CN 190 toward the MN 112.
- the AR2 126 does not need to forward the acknowledge message 2360 to the MN 112.
- FIG. 3 shows a modular representation of a router 300 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- the router 300 is a generalization of the MAP 140 and the ARl 116 (or AR2 126 and AR3 136). It comprises a quality of service reservation module 310 and, optionally, may comprise a reservation table 320 and a refresh state 330.
- the refresh timer mentioned in the second scenario could be maintained in the reservation table 320 (as shown by the dotted box) or may be comprised in the refresh state 330.
- the quality of service module 310 may be capable of implementing the present invention completely or partially as described above. More specifically, an example is taken where the router 300 is located in a first admin ⁇ istrative domain comprising a first end point.
- the first end point is associated to a session transiting through the router 300 between the first end point and a second end point in a second administrative domain.
- the reservation module 310 maintains the reservation table 320 associated with the session.
- the QoS reservation module 310 is capable of, upon reception of a first reservation message from the first end point addressed to the second end point, establishing a first reservation for traffic related to the session issued from the first end point to the second end point by adding a cor ⁇ responding first record in the reservation table 320.
- the first record comprises an address of the first end point as the source of the traffic, an address of the second end point as the destination of the traffic and a first associated QoS level in accordance with the received first reservation message.
- the QoS reservation module 310 is further capable of replying with an acknowledge message confirming the first reservation back to the first end point on behalf of the second end point and sending a second reservation message toward the first end point on behalf of the second end point.
- the second reservation message relates to traffic related to the session issued from the second end point to the first end point.
- the QoS reservation module 310 is also further capable of establishing a second reservation in accordance with the second reservation message by adding a cor ⁇ responding second record in the reservation table 320.
- the second record comprises an address of the second end point as the source of the traffic, the address of the first end point as the destination of the traffic and a second associated QoS level in accordance with the sent second reservation message.
- the QoS reservation module 310 may also maintain the refresh state 330 and the refresh timer associated with the reservation.
- the QoS reservation module 310 is capable, upon expiration of the refresh timer associated to the refresh state or in the reservation table 320, of sending a refresh reservation message toward the second end point on behalf of the first end point; and upon reception of a refresh confirmation message to the refresh reservation message, resetting the refresh timer of the refresh state without forwarding the refresh confirmation message toward the first end point.
- the QoS reservation module 310 may further be capable of, upon expiration of the refresh timer associated to the refresh state, refreshing the reservation in the router 300.
- the QoS reservation module 310 may be capable of receiving an address modification notification related to the reservation from the first end point through the first access router.
- the address modification notification indicates that the first end point changes from a first address valid with the first access router to a second address valid with a second access router since the first end point is changing from the first access router to the second access router.
- the QoS reservation module 310 is capable of issuing a first reservation message on behalf of the second end point toward the second access router.
- the QoS reservation module may further be capable of updating a first record related to the first end point and its first address in view of the address modification notification in the reservation table 320 and receiving an ac ⁇ knowledge message addressed from the first end point issued from the second access router concerning the first reservation message.
- the end point having the first address needs to be capable of, upon detection of a need for a change from the first access router to the second access router issuing the address modification notification related to the reservation toward a domain router (MAP in the previous examples).
- the address modification notification indicates, as mentioned earlier, that the end point changes its first address for the second address since the end point is changing from the first access router to the second access router.
- This capability of the end point could be implemented in a QoS reservation module therein (not shown).
- the QoS reservation module of the end point may further be capable of obtaining the second address from the second access router . or the domain router prior to sending the address modification noitfication.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/577,242 US7599375B2 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | Updating quality of service reservation |
PCT/IB2004/052099 WO2006040619A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | Updating quality of service reservation |
EP04770259A EP1807981B1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | Updating quality of service reservation |
DE602004025521T DE602004025521D1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | SERVICES FREIGHT-BOOKING UPDATE |
AT04770259T ATE457576T1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | SERVICES RESERVATION UPDATE |
ES04770259T ES2340386T3 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | SERVICE QUALITY RESERVE UPDATE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2004/052099 WO2006040619A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | Updating quality of service reservation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006040619A1 true WO2006040619A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2004/052099 WO2006040619A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | Updating quality of service reservation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7599375B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1807981B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE457576T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004025521D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2340386T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006040619A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101325501B (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-04-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for implementing multimedia information play during conversation termination process |
WO2010022987A1 (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-04 | Nec Europe Ltd. | Method for supporting quality of service mechanisms during a handover process or in preparation of a handover process |
US20100284269A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Shan Zhu | Multi-Node State Recovery for a Communication Network |
Citations (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20010032262A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-10-18 | Jim Sundqvist | Method and apparatus for network service reservations over wireless access networks |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100356185B1 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-10-18 | 윈스로드 주식회사 | Method for guaranteeing transmission service quality in internet |
KR100454482B1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-10-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Wireless communication system to support real-time services and handover method therein |
US20030193952A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2003-10-16 | O'neill Alan | Mobile node handoff methods and apparatus |
US8068494B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2011-11-29 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for robust local mobility management in a mobile network |
US7031709B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2006-04-18 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Method and associated apparatus for increment accuracy of geographical foreign agent topology relation in heterogeneous access networks |
US7388851B2 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2008-06-17 | Spyder Navigations, L.L.C. | Proactive seamless service provisioning in mobile networks through transferring of application context |
US7453851B2 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2008-11-18 | Spyder Navigations L.L.C. | QoS signaling for mobile IP |
US7096022B2 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2006-08-22 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | System and method for supporting quality of service in vertical handovers between heterogeneous networks |
US7321587B2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2008-01-22 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Handover resource optimization |
KR100542580B1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-01-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Resource reservation system and a resource reservation method using the same in the mobile/wireless environments |
-
2004
- 2004-10-14 WO PCT/IB2004/052099 patent/WO2006040619A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-14 EP EP04770259A patent/EP1807981B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-14 AT AT04770259T patent/ATE457576T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-14 US US11/577,242 patent/US7599375B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-14 DE DE602004025521T patent/DE602004025521D1/en active Active
- 2004-10-14 ES ES04770259T patent/ES2340386T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20010032262A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-10-18 | Jim Sundqvist | Method and apparatus for network service reservations over wireless access networks |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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CHEN T ET AL: "A performance study of session state re-establishment schemes in IP-based micro-mobility scenarios", MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, 2004. (MASCOTS 2004). PROCEEDINGS. THE IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY'S 12TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VOLENDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, EU OCT. 4-8, 2004, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEE, 4 October 2004 (2004-10-04), pages 159 - 166, XP010736973, ISBN: 0-7695-2251-3 * |
HESHAM SOLIMAN; ERICSSON CLAUDE CASTELLUCCIA; INRIA KARIM EL-MALKI; ERICSSON LUDOVIC BELLIER; INRIA: "Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 mobility management (HMIPv6) <draft-ietf-mobileip-hmipv6-03.txt>", IETF STANDARD-WORKING-DRAFT, INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE, IETF, CH, 15 May 2004 (2004-05-15), XP002333447 * |
Also Published As
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DE602004025521D1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
EP1807981A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
US7599375B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
ATE457576T1 (en) | 2010-02-15 |
ES2340386T3 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
US20080137665A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1807981B1 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
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