WO2006056055A2 - Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts - Google Patents
Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006056055A2 WO2006056055A2 PCT/CA2005/001777 CA2005001777W WO2006056055A2 WO 2006056055 A2 WO2006056055 A2 WO 2006056055A2 CA 2005001777 W CA2005001777 W CA 2005001777W WO 2006056055 A2 WO2006056055 A2 WO 2006056055A2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/242—Gold; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/243—Platinum; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/34—Copper; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/38—Silver; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/02—Inhalators with activated or ionised fluids, e.g. electrohydrodynamic [EHD] or electrostatic devices; Ozone-inhalators with radioactive tagged particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/14—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
- A61N1/303—Constructional details
- A61N1/306—Arrangements where at least part of the apparatus is introduced into the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/44—Applying ionised fluids
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods for the treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal and vector pathogenic states in humans, animals, and plants, and to improvements thereto.
- Nonspecific resistance exists in all humans and virtually all other species and generally is thought to offer some protection against all parasites.
- Nonspecific resistance involves species and population immunities and such mechanical and chemical barriers as the skin surface, mucus secretions, stomach acid, lysosyme and interferon.
- Phagocytosis is a nonspecific mechanism in which macrophages (or large white blood cells) and other phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms. Fever and inflammation are other forms of nonspecific resistance.
- NK cells Natural Killer cells
- antigens are large, complex molecules that the host body interprets as ⁇ non-self' . Proteins, polysaccharides, and an enormous list of substances containing these molecules are antigenic. A small part of the antigen called the "antigenic determinant" performs the actual stimulation of the immune system. A person's own chemical substances are non-antigenic because they are interpreted as ⁇ self .
- the actual immune response may originate with the entry of one or more antigens into a host body and their penetration into the lymphatic or cardiovascular system.
- macrophages and other phagocytic cells may phagocytize the antigens, and break them down so as to release the antigenic determinants or epitopes. Thereafter, possibly to initiate a specific response, the macrophages may display the epitopes on their surface and transport them to the lymphoid ' organs, where the epitopes might be presented to waiting T and B-lymphocytes.
- Another important transporter might be the dendritic cells - cells with long finger-like extensions that form lacy networks in virtually all tissues, and that are capable of phagocytizing infected cells nearby. Phagocytosis and transportation of epitopes are extremely important, because research evidence indicates that unprocessed antigens stimulate the immune system poorly.
- the immune system may originate with bone marrow cells that undergo differentiation to form B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes. These cells comprise the tissue of the spleen, lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs, and they are the major underpinnings of the immune system.
- T-lymphocytes When T-lymphocytes are stimulated by epitopes or antigenic determinants that are presented to them by macrophages or other phagocytes, the T-lymphocytes may leave the immune system as ⁇ cytotoxic cells' and travel to the infection site. At the infection site, the cytotoxic T-lymphocytes may kill the infecting organisms in a process that may generally be referred to as ⁇ cell-mediated immunity' . Thereafter, memory T- lymphocytes may remain in the tissue to provide long-lasting protection.
- a second aspect of "specific resistance" is antibody- mediated, or humoral, immunity. In this case, B-lymphocytes may be stimulated to form antibody-producing cells called plasma cells.
- Antibodies may be formed in the lymph nodes and, typically, are protein molecules composed of light and heavy chains of amino acids.
- the antibodies may enter the circulation system so as to reach the infection site, where they may react with, and neutralize, micro-organisms by various mechanisms. Five types of antibodies are generally recognized, each with its own function and structure.
- Cell-mediated immunity may result in activated T- lymphocytes that may be particularly well suited for direct interaction with eukaryotic pathogens, as well as antigen-marked cells, such as virus-infected and transplanted cells.
- eukaryotic pathogens such as virus-infected and transplanted cells.
- cell-mediated immunity responds to cells that have been infected with pathogens such as viruses, rickettsiae and certain bacteria, including M tuberculosis, as well as, protozoa and fungi. Together with cytotoxic T- lymphocytes, the antibodies impart "specific resistance" during times of disease, and they remain in the body for long-lasting resistance.
- Humans, animals and plants may 1 succumb to infections that are bacterial, viral, fungal and vector induced, rendering their body defense mechanisms compromised and sometimes, leading to death.
- disease and/or pathogen-induced states may include the following: chagas, dengue, leishmania, encephalitis, rickettsia, Candida, tuberculosis, various pneumonias, septicemia, dysentary, polio, measles, chicken pox, small pox, mumps, ebola, HIV, malaria, eye infections, macular degeneration, skin cancers, nasal pharyngeal cancer, and breast and prostate cancer and HPV.
- autoimmune diseases may include the following: diabetes, thyroid disorders, arthritis, transplant rejections, and others.
- disease states in animals may include the following: hoof and mouth disease, leishmania, pig cholera, distemper, panleukopenia and feline immunodeficiency disease, as well as others.
- HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus
- the human immunodeficiency virus has become one of the largest leading causes of death among humans, next to malaria and tuberculosis.
- Past work with antiviral drugs has thus far failed to provide an effective treatment for HIV infected patients, creating resistance after repeated use, and problems with one time dosages of Nevaripine at time of 'delivery.
- some of the oral therapies that are presently available and most effective - such as, for example, protease inhibitors used in combination with other drugs - have been shown to be quite toxic, producing many side effects, enough so that some patients are unable to tolerate such therapies.
- HIV patients may yet die from infections with secondary opportunists, such as tuberculosis, because of a defeated immune system created by the human immunodeficiency virus' destruction of the immune system. While malaria still remains one of the number one killers in the world, AIDS patients fare poorly when dealing with such vector-induced organisms.
- Viruses may generally be said to be dependent upon living organisms. For a virus to live and reproduce, it must have a host cell. Viruses may be of many different sizes, shapes, and configurations. Viruses or virions are generally comprised of a viral core that is made up of nucleic acids and that carries the viral genes, as well as fatty acids and proteins that surround the core. Viruses are generally thought to attack host cells by causing, at least, the virus' nucleic acid to enter the cell. The virus then takes over the cell's metabolic machinery, and uses this machinery to make many copies of itself, thus producing many new virions. In the case of the human immunodeficiency virus, the virions are released from the cell by lysing, thereby destroying the cell. Many of these virions are able to go on to infect other host cells, each which may eventually be killed.
- T-lymphocyte or T-cell
- the specific T-cell that is targeted by HIV is the T4 helper lymphocyte.
- an HIV virion finds a T4 cell it is generally believed that it may attempt to penetrate the cell wall and gain access to the T4 cell's nucleus. After attachment and injection into the cell, the virus is able to enter into the cell's nucleus and splice itself into one of the T4 cell's chromosomes. At that point the T4 cell will be infected with HIV.
- the T4 cell may begin to reproduce copies of the human immunodeficiency virus, or virions.
- Thousands of virions are produced within one T4 cell wall until it eventually lyses and destroys the cell.
- the copies of the ' infecting human immunodeficiency virus that are released from the destroyed T4 cell may very likely, thereafter, go on to infect other T4 cells.
- an infected T4 cell produces copies of the human immunodeficiency virus faster than humans can produce T4 cells, eventually the immune system of the infected person is overrun and unable to fight off infection. This inability to stave off infection may largely be due to the presence of too few T4 cells remaining in the host to create an adequate immune response to invading agents. It is generally these secondary opportunistic diseases which eventually lead to the death of a patient from HIV.
- the HIV virion may be generally comprised of a core having nucleic acids, protein-like substances and RNA.
- One portion of the viral core may be generally thought to have a slight, but distinct, positive polarity, with another portion of the viral core for HIV (and for other viruses and bacteria) being thought to having a slight, but likewise distinct, negative polarity.
- the therapeutic power of silver has been investigated and/or utilized in Ayurvedic medicine, in Chinese medicine, in homeopathic medicine and in traditional medicine, as well as in the somewhat more esoteric field of gem therapy.
- Phoenicians for example, used silver vessels in the hope of keeping water, wine and vinegar pure during long voyages.
- American pioneers put silver and copper coins in their water barrels with the aim of keeping it clean.
- oligodynamic action expresses the activity of heavy metals - such as, for example, mercury, silver, and copper - on microorganisms. These elements are called heavy metals because of their large atomic weights and complex electron configurations.
- Mercury is a traditional heavy metal antiseptic, with mercuric chloride having been used for centuries by the Greeks and Romans in the treatment of skin diseases. In some of its more recent and various forms, mercury has previously been combined with various carrier compounds so as to be less toxic when applied to the skin, especially after surgical incisions. Other mercury derivatives have previously been used as preservatives in vaccines.
- Copper has previously been known to be active against chlorophyll-containing organisms and is a potent inhibitor of algae.
- copper sulfate copper has been incorporated into algicides which have been used in swimming pools and municipal water supplies. Copper sulfate has also previously been mixed with lime ' to form a bluish-white mixture that has been used since the late 1800s to control the growth of various fungi.
- Silver in the form of silver nitrate, has likewise previous been known to be useful as an antiseptic and as a disinfectant.
- drops of a diluted silver nitrate solution have heretofore been placed in the eyes of newborns to protect against infection by Neisseria Gonorrhea - a gram negative diplococcus bacteria that can cause blindness if contracted by newborns during passage through the birth canal.
- This treatment was first used, in the late 1800s, to prevent gonococcal eye infection, and many jurisdictions still utilize this method. Although effective, this therapy has largely been superseded by other therapies that have generally been perceived to be less irritating.
- silver ions has been shown to be quite effective (both in vitro and in vivo) in inactivating many species of bacteria, fungi and viruses, including the herpes simplex virus.
- Various silver compounds have also been used in the past to treat suturing threads.
- the use of silver ions has been shown to have some role in suspending mitosis in fibrosarcoma cells. Further, anecdotal evidence appears to suggest that silver ions may help to de-differentiate fibroblast cells and keep them "uncommitted", but able and ready for further differentiation.
- Gold and copper may have been indicated, in the prior art, to have a role in alleviating the pain of inflammation in diseases such as arthritis.
- Bracelets, pendants, and chains of these metals may heretofore have been "prescribed" by many different cultures and societies for several centuries.
- formulations containing zinc and/or selenium may likewise have been implicated, in the prior art, as having had a role in arresting the deterioration of, and/or even in reversing, opthalmological disorders such as the macular degeneration and weakening of the retina.
- preventative medicine It may be generally well-known, in the prior art, to prevent infection by many viruses through the process of vaccination. This process typically involves the injection of an uninfected patient with a weakened or denatured virus. In response to this injection, the body may create antibodies that are specific to that virus. In other preventative situations, humans may have been known to take antibiotics or vitamins, or to partake of a nutritional diet, so as to support ⁇ good health. Moreover, individuals have been generally counseled to attend annual physical check-ups with their local doctor and have diagnostic tests performed so that they might be kept apprised of their well-being.
- a method for treating a disease state in the body of an organism a therapeutically effective dose of a metal substance is delivered to the body of the organism using a delivery methodology that is selected from the group consisting of syringe, auto-injector, and pricking device delivery methodologies, buccal embedding techniques, transdermal patch methodologies, and aerosol inhaler techniques.
- the metal substance is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, zinc, selenium, platinum, and their ions, alloys, salts, and combinations thereof.
- the method also includes the additional step of introducing an electrical current to the body of the organism substantially in the course of utilizing the delivery methodology.
- the electrical current may, but not necessarily, be substantially constant, varied over time, and/or intermittent. Where the electrical current is varied over time, it may be varied according to a preprogrammed schedule.
- the electrical current is preferably, but not necessarily, a reversing electrical current.
- the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance, in a colloidal suspension ' with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be loaded into a dosage chamber of an auto-injector device.
- An electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, be formed substantially adjacent to a distal end portion of the dosage chamber. Introduction of the electrical current into the electrode preferably, but not necessarily, facilitates the delivery of the metal substance to the body of the organism.
- the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance, in a colloidal suspension with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may preferably, but not necessarily, be embedded in a transdermal patch.
- an electrode formed from the metal substance may preferably, but not necessarily, be embedded in the transdermal patch.
- Introduction of the electrical current into the electrode preferably, but not necessarily, facilitates the delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance from the transdermal patch into the body of the organism.
- the transdermal patch ' may preferably, but not necessarily, be a needle transdermal patch.
- the electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, be shaped to define one or more needle members that are formed from the metal substance. Preferably, but not necessarily, at least one of the needle members substantially penetrates an outer layer of skin on the body of the organism.
- substantially particulate portions of the metal substance may be each respectively encapsulated within a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and loaded, with a propellant, into a reservoir of a canister, which is itself loaded into an aerosol inhaler device.
- An electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, be provided in the aerosol inhaler device and formed substantially adjacent to a distal end portion of the canister.
- the particulate portions encapsulated within the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are preferably delivered into the respiratory system of the organism from a proximal end portion of the canister of the aerosol inhaler device.
- Introduction of the electrical current into the electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, facilitate spray delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance.
- a therapeutically effective dose of a metal substance is delivered to the body of the organism using a delivery methodology that is selected from the group consisting of ingestible dissolvable capsule methodologies, encapsulated bolus methodologies, and electrode catheterization methodologies.
- the metal substance is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, zinc, selenium, platinum, and their ions, alloys, salts, and combinations thereof.
- an electrical current is introduced to the body of the organism substantially in the course of utilizing the delivery methodology.
- the electrical current is substantially varied over time and is a reversing electrical current.
- the therapeutic dose of the metal substance may preferably, but not necessarily, be loaded into a dissolvable capsule.
- the dissolvable capsule may preferably, but not necessarily, be secured to an end portion of an electrically conductive string member that is . preferably, but not necessarily, encased in a biocompatible insulating material.
- the string member is preferably, but not necessarily, in electrical communication with an electrode situated within the dissolvable capsule.
- the electrode is preferably at least coated with the metal substance.
- the dissolvable capsule is preferably, but not necessarily, introduced into at least one of the windpipe and the foodpipe of the organism.
- Introduction of the electrical current into the string member from an external electric current source, and from there into the electrode preferably, but not necessarily, dissolves the capsule and/or delivers the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance into at least a respective one of the lungs and the stomach of the organism.
- a cathode may preferably, but not necessarily, be embedded substantially adjacent to a cationic chamber that is defined within an encapsulated bolus device.
- an anode may preferably, but not necessarily, be embedded substantially adjacent to a separate anionic chamber that is further defined within the encapsulated bolus device.
- the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance, in a colloidal suspension with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may preferably, but not necessarily, be embedded in at least one
- the preferable introduction of the electrical current into at least one of the anode and the cathode may preferably, but not necessarily, facilitate the delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance from the encapsulated bolus device into the body of the organism.
- substantially between about 1 milliamp per minute and about 500 milliamps per minute may- preferably, but not necessarily, be introduced to the body of the organism.
- an electrical conductor may preferably, but not necessarily, be disposed within a lumen of a catheter.
- a first electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, extend out of the lumen into the blood stream of the organism.
- the first electrode is preferably, but not necessarily, in electrical communication with the electrical conductor.
- a second electrode may preferably, but not necessarily, be placed on the skin of the organism. Alternately, the second electrode may be in direct contact with the blood stream of the organism.
- the electrical current may be introduced into the electrical conductor, and the first electrode, either from an external electric current source or from an internal battery, so as to preferably, but not necessarily, deliver the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance into the body of the organism.
- this method may preferably, but not necessarily, be carried out under hydration conditions, with a regimen adapted to substantially hydrate the organism being carried out before and during the method.
- the electrical current is preferably, but not necessarily, substantially within the range of between about 0.001 amps and about 0.01 amps.
- a corresponding electric potential is substantially within the range of between about 0.5 volts and about 3.0 volts.
- the electric potential is ( substantially in the order of about 1.0 volts, with the electrical current being substantially in the order of about 0.01 amps.
- the metal substance may preferably, but not necessarily, comprise silver ions produced by a reversing electrical current.
- the reversing electrical current is preferably, but not necessarily, a reversing DC current that alternates according to a substantially even duty cycle of about 1 second in the positive direction and about 1 second in the reverse direction.
- the duty cycle continues substantially as aforesaid for a duration of about 15 minutes.
- the metal substance may preferably, but not necessarily, comprise silver ions produced by a reversing electrical current.
- the reversing electrical current is preferably, but not necessarily, a reversing DC current that alternates according to an at least partially asymmetrical duty cycle of about 10 seconds in the positive direction and 1 second in reverse direction.
- the duty cycle continues substantially as aforesaid for a duration of about 15 minutes.
- the reversing electrical current may preferably, but not necessarily, include variations in cycle length, in electrical current strength, and/or in electrical current duration.
- the method may be used to treat bacterial, viral, fungal, and/or vector-induced disease states.
- the method may be used to improve plant (e.g., banana plant), animal, and human health.
- plant e.g., banana plant
- animal e.g., animal, and human health.
- the delivery of the metal substance to the body of the organism may preferably, but not necessarily, be varied according to the species and the body weight of the organism.
- the method in animals, may be used to treat or to preventatively treat hoof and mouth disease, leishmania, pig cholera, distemper, panleukopenia, panleukemia, heartworm disease, Johne's disease, feline immunodeficiency disease, and/or symptoms associated therewith.
- the method may be used to treat or to preventatively treat chagas, dengue, leishmania, encephalitis, rickettsia, Candida, tuberculosis, pneumonia, septisemia, dysentary, polio, measles, chicken pox, small pox, mumps, ebola, malaria, eye infections, macular degeneration, retinal weakening, precursors to cancer, HPV, skin cancers, nasal pharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, other carcinomas, diabetes, thyroid disorders, arthritis, transplant rejections, other autoimmune disease states, HIV, and/or symptoms associated therewith.
- Figure 1 is a depiction of a first step in an auto- injector delivery method according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a depiction of a second step in the auto- injector delivery method of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a depiction of a third step in the auto- injector delivery method of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a depiction of a fourth step in the auto- injector delivery method of Figure 1;
- Figure 5 is a depiction of an aerosol inhaler delivery method according to the invention.
- Figure 6 is a top view of a reservoir transdermal patch usable in another preferred method according to the invention.
- Figure 7 is cross-sectional view of the reservoir transdermal patch of Figure 6 taken along sight line 7-7, shown in use;
- Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 showing a drug- in-adhesive transdermal patch, as used in a further preferred method according to the invention;
- Figure 9 is a top view of a needle transdermal patch usable in another preferred method according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is cross-sectional view of the needle transdermal patch of Figure 9 taken along sight line 10-10, shown in use;
- Figure 11 is an exploded perspective view of an encapsulated bolus device usable in a further preferred method according to the invention;
- Figure 12 is a top view of a further encapsulated bolus device usable in another preferred method according to the invention.
- Figure 13 is cross-sectional view of the encapsulated bolus device of Figure 12 taken along sight line 13-13, shown in: use;
- Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 13, showing the encapsulated bolus device thereof used in a reversed current configuration;
- Figure 15 is a view, similar to Figure 13, of a needle encapsulated bolus device, shown in use in a further preferred method according to the invention.
- Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 15, showing ⁇ the needle encapsulated bolus device thereof used in a reversed current configuration;
- Figure 17 is a side view of a dissolvable capsule usable in another preferred method according to the invention, showing portions thereof in phantom outline;
- Figure 18A is a side sectional view of a catheter device usable in a further preferred method according to the invention.
- Figure 18B is a bottom view of the catheter of Figure
- Figure 19A is a side sectional view of a dissolvable capsule / catheter device usable in another preferred method according to the invention
- Figure 19B is a view, similar to Figure 19A, of another dissolvable capsule / catheter device usable in further preferred method according to the invention
- Figure 19C is a view, similar to Figure 19A, of yet another dissolvable capsule / catheter device usable in still further preferred method according to the invention.
- the methodologies ' ' of the present invention provide a means for destroying viruses, such as, for example, the HIV virus, and also lend themselves to treating a wide range of blood-borne pathogens, including bacteria, viral, • fungal and vector induced infections.
- viruses such as, for example, the HIV virus
- the objects are achieved in the present invention, inter alia, by way of modifications made to several pre-existing therapeutic delivery systems which have the effect of achieving significant improvement in the in situ delivery of therapeutic metal ions, metal alloys, metal salts (and combinations thereof) to the body of an infected patient in a controlled manner.
- metal substances including metal ions, salts, alloys and combinations thereof
- the preferred metals and metal ions according to the invention may include therapeutic silver, gold and copper ions.
- a special emphasis may have been placed on methods of delivering silver ions which are produced in situ in therapeutically efficacious doses, but ;the invention is not so limited, and extends to the therapeutic delivery of other metals, and metal ions, salts, alloys, and combinations thereof.
- the preferred metal substances according to the invention include silver, gold, copper, zinc, selenium, platinum, and their ions, alloys, salts, and combinations thereof, as well as other petals which may have been implicated as having a therapeutic value in association with different diseases and infections.
- a number of preferred modes and methods of delivery are described herein - only selected embodiments of which incorporate the use of a transdermal patch 80 (as shown in Figures 6 to 8) .
- transdermal patch methodologies will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow, it is worthwhile to presently note that the application of transdermal patches 80 at particular desired sites on the skin 136 of an organism 130, as best seen in Figures 7 and 8, is generally thought, though not essential to the invention, to offer improved localization of delivery and/or generation of therapeutic metal ions.
- transdermal patches 80 may contain silver salts and, upon electrical stimulation, the penetration of silver into the epidermis may be facilitated, thus delivering in situ a therapeutic dose of silver ions.
- the localization of the effect of transdermal patches 80 may allow an overall quantity of silver salts that are delivered to the organism 130 to be greatly reduced. As a result, any toxicity and/or other unwanted side effects which may generally be associated with systemic administration of -such materials may be eliminated or greatly reduced.
- an electrical current is typically introduced into the body 132 of the organism 130 substantially in the course of utilizing said delivery methodology.
- the electrical stimulation or impulse can be introduced in a constant manner or it may be varied over time.
- the electrical current may be intermittent and/or otherwise varied according to a preprogrammed schedule, including, for example, according to "on demand" schedules.
- the electrical current may be a reversing electrical current.
- there are a number of methods according to the invention which involve the production of metal ions using electrical charge, metal salts, metal alloys or combinations thereof.
- Appropriate electrical voltage for producing the metal ions may, in some embodiments, generally range between about 0.5 volts and about 3.0 volts, with about 1.5 volts being preferred.
- Appropriate electrical current for producing the metal ions may, in some embodiments, generally range between about 0.001 Amperes and about 0.01 Amperes, with about 0.01 Amperes being preferred. Accordingly, it may be appreciated that the power rating of some of the preferred embodiments, according to the invention, may be in the approximate order of about 0.015 watts.
- pin and/or pen prick methodologies the use of contact stun guns, subcutaneous embedding, buccal embedding techniques (including placement and/or embedding of metal substances under the surface of the gums) , aerosol inhaler techniques, ingestible dissolvable capsule methodologies, encapsulated bolus methodologies, and electrode catheterization methodologies.
- the delivery methodologies may include syringe, auto-injector, and pricking device delivery methodologies.
- the epi-pen is an existing apparatus that has been previously used to deliver epinephrine to overcome anaphylaxis, thus the name ⁇ epi-pen' . It is an auto-injector used as a medical delivery system of a single dose of a particular drug. Similarly, "insulin pens" are known in the prior art. Most prior art auto-injector devices have been spring loaded syringes which, by design, have been easy to use and intended for use by the layperson. Auto- injector devices have heretofore been used to administer drugs through various different entry points on the body. Typical entry points have included the thigh and/or buttocks.
- a modified auto- injector device 40 is used to deliver metal ions, metal salts, alloys and combinations thereof, particularly silver salts, which may be substantially neutral in nature.
- a therapeutically effective dose of the desired metal substance e.g., silver
- a colloidal suspension 28 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is loaded into a dosage container 42 that is adapted to hold same.
- the dosage container 42 is then loaded (in the direction generally indicated by arrow "A" in Figure 1) into a proximal housing portion 48 of the modified auto-injector device 40.
- the proximal housing portion 48 is then assembled (in the directions generally indicated by arrows "B” in Figure 2) with a distal housing portion 54 to assemble the auto-injector device 40.
- the administrator and/or patient organism 130 in the case of a human patient
- Predetermined procedures may preferably, but not necessarily, outline specific dosage requirements (as well as specific time allotments while administering to the patient 130) .
- the auto- injector device 40 may preferably be placed adjacent a target entry point on the organism 130.
- An injection button 58 thereof may be depressed to deliver the selected therapeutic dose of the metal substance, out of a proximal end portion 46 of the dosage chamber 42, and through a needle 52 of the auto-injector device 40 into the body 132.
- the auto-injector delivery method that is shown in Figures 1 to 4, and discussed hereinabove, may preferably, but not necessarily, have equal application to both non-electrical and electrical, embodiments alike.
- an electrode 30 is preferably formed substantially adjacent to a distal end portion 44 of the dosage container 42.
- the auto-injector device 40 is preferably, but not necessarily, also provided with a dosage charging button 50 (as shown in Figures 1 and 2) .
- the administrator of the therapeutic dose may preferably, but not necessarily, use one of her hands 14 to depress the charging button 50 prior to depressing the injection button 58.
- an electrical current may be introduced into the electrode 30 - from an internal electric current source, such as, for example, a battery (not shown) , and/or from an external electric current source, such as through a wire 32 - so as to facilitate the delivery of the metal substance into the body 132 of the organism 130.
- the auto-injector device 40 may be provided in any configuration that is capable of introducing electrical current into the body 132 of the organism 130 in any manner whatsoever that facilitates delivery of the metal substance.
- the auto-injector device 40 containing, for example, metal salts, is allowed to "prick" at the desired entry site and, either with an AC or a DC power source, delivers freshly produced metal ions.
- metal ions, metal salts, alloys and combinations thereof may be, in controlled doses, administered through the use of the modified auto-injector device 40 to treat various disease states.
- An example is the use of gold compounds in the treatment of arthritis.
- silver salts may be used to treat eye infections, and selenium and zinc salts may be used in the control of macular degeneration and in the strengthening of the retina.
- the delivery methodologies according to further embodiments of the invention may include buccal embedding techniques.
- Buccal embedding is a pre-existing technique and apparatus that may preferably use various medicinal regimes to implant a treatment under the surface of the gum.
- antibiotics have been implanted in the gums of patients to relieve infection.
- a modified buccal embedding technique may preferably provide for the introduction of various metal ions, metal salts, alloys, and/or combinations thereof, below the surface of the gums.
- the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance, in a colloidal suspension with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may preferably, but not necessarily, be loaded into a .known syringe device.
- the syringe device may preferably then be used to inject the colloidal suspension containing the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance below the surface of the gums in the buccal cavity of the body of the organism.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable sealant is then applied substantially adjacent to the surface of the gums and substantially adjacent to a site of injection so as to impede escape of the colloidal suspension therethrough.
- silver salts may be embedded under the gums and are engineered to deliver a constant or graded amount of silver ions.
- a buccal implant of silver salts may be preferable to other prior art treatment regimes, since the therapeutic doses of silver ions can be delivered exactly where they are needed.
- the delivery methodologies according to other embodiments of the invention may include contact dermal pressure devices.
- contact dermal pressure devices may preferably, but not necessarily, be equipped with silver salt (and/or other metal salt) tips.
- Extremely mild AC or DC power sources may be utilized according to these embodiments of the invention to effectively deliver therapeutic doses of silver (or other metal) ions to internal areas and/or organs that lay far below the immediate surface area.
- electrical stimulation may induce an angiogenic response in cells.
- the delivery methodologies according to still further embodiments of the invention may include subcutaneous embedding.
- the delivery methodologies may include aerosol inhaler techniques.
- Existing aerosol inhalers have heretofore, inter alia, been put to effective therapeutic use in the treatment of asthma.
- asthma medicaments have been loaded into the canisters of such existing aerosol inhalers to afford asthma sufferers some much needed respiratory relief at crucial times.
- substantially particulate portions of the metal substance 20 may preferably each be respectively encapsulated within a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (such as, for example, gelatin) and loaded, with a propellant, into a reservoir of a canister 62.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as, for example, gelatin
- the canister 62 is then preferably loaded into an upper portion 68 of a modified aerosol inhaler device 60.
- the aerosol inhaler device 60 preferably sprays the therapeutic dose of the metal substance 20 (in the form of the particulate portions each encapsulated within their pharmaceutically acceptable carrier) out of a proximal end portion 64 of the canister 62, through a delivery aperture 72 that is formed in the lower portion 70 of the aerosol inhaler device 60, and into the mouth 138 and respiratory system of the organism 130.
- the aerosol inhaler technique that is shown in Figure 5, and discussed hereinabove, may preferably, but not necessarily, have equal application to both non-electrical and electrical embodiments alike.
- an electrode 30 may be preferably formed substantially adjacent to a distal end portion 66 of the canister 62.
- the aerosol inhaler device 60 is preferably, but not necessarily, also provided with a dosage charging button 74 (as shown in Figure 5) .
- the administrator may preferably, but not necessarily, use one of his hands 14 to depress the charging button 74 prior to, or during, spray of the therapeutic dose of the metal substance 20 into the mouth 138 and respiratory system of the organism 130.
- an electrical current may be introduced into the electrode 30 - from an internal electric current source, such as, for example, a battery (not shown) , and/or from an external electric current source, such as through a wire 32 - so as to facilitate the delivery of the metal ' substance into the mouth 138 and respiratory system of the organism 130.
- an internal electric current source such as, for example, a battery (not shown)
- an external electric current source such as through a wire 32 - so as to facilitate the delivery of the metal ' substance into the mouth 138 and respiratory system of the organism 130.
- the aerosol inhaler device 60 may be provided in any configuration that is capable of introducing an electrical current in a manner that facilitates spray delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance from the aerosol inhaler device 60 into the respiratory system of the organism 130.
- the delivery methodologies may include transdermal patch methodologies.
- transdermal patches have been used to deploy various medicinal regimes for the alleviation of infection and to promote healing.
- Such prior art transdermal patches and/or transdermal delivery systems have typically been adhesive patches that have heretofore been used ⁇ to deliver controlled doses of conventional and known drugs.
- transdermal patches have involved special membranes that control the rate of delivery of a liquid drug contained in an internal reservoir thereof to pass through the skin and into the bloodstream.
- Some conventional and known drugs have heretofore been combined with carrier substances, such as alcohol, so as to increase their ability to penetrate the skin.
- Conventional and known drugs previously administered using transdermal patches have included scopolamine for motion sickness, nicotine for smokers, estrogen for menopause and prevention of osteoarthritis after menopause, nitroglycerine for angina, and lidocaine to relieve pain of herpes zoster (shingles) .
- predetermined amounts i.e., a therapeutically effective dose
- various metal ions, metal salts, alloys, or combinations thereof may preferably be loaded onto a suitable unders ⁇ rface or into a dosage chamber 86 of a modified transdermal patch 80.
- the dosage chamber 86 of the transdermal patch 80 shown in Figure 7 is a compartment that may preferably, but not necessarily, contain the metal substance 20 in a colloidal suspension 28 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the colloidal suspension 28 is preferably separated from an outer layer of skin 136 by a semi-permeable membrane 88.
- the membrane 88 forms the wall of the dosage chamber 86 in order to keep same compartmentalized and control the rate of release of the metal substance 20 therefrom.
- An adhesive layer 90 is provided, either as a continuous, layer (not shown) between the membrane 88 and the skin 136, or preferably, and as generally depicted in Figure 7, in a concentric configuration around the membrane 88.
- the adhesive layer 90 serves to adhere the various components of the patch 80 together and also to adhere the patch 80 to the 5 skin 136.
- a backing layer 82 being the outermost layer of the transdermal patch 80 shown in Figures 6 and 7, preferably protects the colloidal suspension 28 of the metal substance 20 against the environment, prevents loss of the metal substance 20, and provides anchorage for the formulation.
- FIG. 8 shows a different embodiment of the transdermal patch 80, according to the invention, that is provided in the form of single-layer metal-in-adhesive system. Similar reference numerals have been utilized throughout to designate and/or denote' similar structures.
- the transdermal 5 patch 80 shown in Figure 8 is characterized by the inclusion of the metal substance 20 directly within the skin-contacting adhesive layer 90.
- the adhesive layer 90 not only .serves to affix the system to the skin 136, but also serves as the foundation for the 0 therapeutic dose of the metal substance 20, and contains both the metal substance 20 and any excipients under its backing layer 82.
- the transdermal patches 80,80 preferably release the metal substance 20 to pass through 5 an outer layer of skin 136, from whence the metal substance 20 might possibly further travel into the organism' s blood stream 139.
- the direction of blood flow (as indicated generally by arrow ⁇ D" in Figures 7 and 8) may transport the C metal substance 20 to the desired target.
- transdermal patch methodologies may preferably, but not necessarily, have equal application to both non-electrical and electrical embodiments alike.
- an electrode may preferably be formed from the metal substance 20 (or alternately from some other conducting material) and embedded in the transdermal patch 80.
- an electrical current may preferably be introduced into the electrode 30, so as to facilitate delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance 20 from the transdermal patch 80 into the organism's skin 136 and blood stream 139.
- the electrical current may be introduced into the electrode 30 of the transdermal patch 80 either from an internal electric current source, such as, for example, a battery (not shown) , and/or from an external electric current source, such as, for example, through a wire 32 which may be connected to an electrical contact 84 formed on an exterior surface iof the backing layer 82 (as shown in Figures 6 to 8) .
- an internal electric current source such as, for example, a battery (not shown)
- an external electric current source such as, for example, through a wire 32 which may be connected to an electrical contact 84 formed on an exterior surface iof the backing layer 82 (as shown in Figures 6 to 8) .
- the electrical current may be introduced into the electrode 30 by contact with a stun gun type dermal press (not shown) .
- transdermal patches 80 similar to those non-electrical embodiments described above may additionally and preferably, but not necessarily, incorporate an electrode 30 made of silver (or other metal, metal ions or alloys or combinations thereof) , in the form of a prick or a prong, which may be activated, by a stun gun type device.
- an electrode 30 made of silver (or other metal, metal ions or alloys or combinations thereof) , in the form of a prick or a prong, which may be activated, by a stun gun type device.
- the delivery methodologies may include needle transdermal patch, or "prickly" patch, methodologies.
- This modality is much like the transdermal patch methodologies described hereinabove, and shown in Figures 6 to 8, but is additionally and preferably provided with any number of small needle-like extensions, or needle members 92, on the underside of the patch 80' .
- Similar reference numerals have been utilized throughout to designate and/or denote similar structures.
- the electrode 30 may preferably be shaped in a concentric ring about the dosage chamber 86.
- the electrode 30 is preferably further shaped to define the needle members 92 that may preferably, but not necessarily be, formed from the metal substance 20.
- the needle members 92 of the transdermal patch 80' substantially penetrates the organism's outer layer of skin 136.
- the needle members 92 may preferably act as the electrodes 30 to deliver metal ions 24.
- other metals i.e., other than silver can be used to deliver the corresponding metal ions.
- the underside of the needle transdermal patch 80' is saturated with metal ions 24, metal salts 22, alloys, or combinations thereof, and may or may not be activated using an external source of electric current, such as, for example, a wire 32 (as shown in Figures 9 and 10) , or a stun gun (not shown) or an remotely controllable battery system (not shown) .
- the introduction of the electric current preferably emits a low amount of electrical current, causing the metals ions 24, metal salts 22, alloys or combinations thereof to actually traverse the epidermis 136 and/or embedded area.
- Gold electrodes coupled with topical ointments may in fact augment the efficacy of both.
- the exact amounts of voltage, wattage and amperage may vary accordingly, but most studies place safe electrical stimulation at or close to about 1.0 volts at about 0.01 Amps, which would be a power rating of about 0.01 Watts. Reverse power modes may also be used here.
- the delivery methodologies may include encapsulated bolus methodologies.
- an encapsulated bolus acts and appears much like a prior art transdermal patch, but with the metal salts prepared on the undersurface of the patch presenting themselves as a large rounded area, or bolus, which is encapsulated or surrounded by an envelope.
- similar reference numerals have been utilized to designate and/or denote similar structures.
- the Joshi device desirably uses rugged mini-batteries to safely provide increased electromotive force to the ion transfer process in comparison to galvanic cells having electrolyte matched to a human body's electrolyte.
- Mini-batteries may be located in one or both cationic and anionic chambers 30a, 30b.
- One or more electric circuit components 106 may be arranged in a parallel circuit 108 to the body to provide enhanced efficacy of the device 100.
- the electric circuit component 106 may be a shunt resistance that may be provided to control delivery of a beneficial agent in an amount over a time interval corresponding to any portion of a battery capacity - typically, between about 1 milliamps per minute and about 500 milliamps per minute, or more.
- the Joshi patent contemplates that substrates are to be located in the chambers and adapted to hold electrolyte or treatment drugs.
- the substrates in the Joshi patent may be electrically conductive to resist polarization of the chemicals near a conducting terminal.
- the cationic and anionic chambers 30a, 30b may be made having different sizes and/or shapes to facilitate placement of treatment drugs into the correct chamber, according to the Joshi patent.
- the present invention preferably utilizes metal ions, metal salts, alloys, or combinations thereof, in association with modified versions of the encapsulated bolus device 100 disclosed by the Joshi patent.
- a cathode 30a is embedded substantially adjacent to a cationic chamber 102 that is defined within an encapsulated bolus device 100 (as described initially with reference to Figure 13) .
- an anode 30b is embedded substantially adjacent to a separate anionic chamber 104 that is further defined within the encapsulated bolus device 100.
- a therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance 20, in a colloidal suspension with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is embedded in at least one of the anionic chamber 104 and the cationic chamber 102 (and preferably, but not necessarily, in both) .
- the encapsulated bolus device 100 facilitates delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance 20 from the anionic chamber 104, across the organism's outer layer of skin 136. More preferably, but not necessarily, the metal substance 20 may traverse, still further, into the organism's blood stream 139, whereupon it may be carried by the blood flow "D" to a desired target.
- the electrical current may be substantially varied over time, and is a reversing electrical current.
- the encapsulated bolus device 100 may preferably facilitate delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance 20 from the anionic chamber 104 as shown in Figure 14 (nee cationic chamber 102 as shown in Figure 13), across the organism's outer layer of skin 136.
- the metal substance 20 may traverse, still further, into the organism's blood stream 139, whereupon it may likewise be carried by the blood flow "D" to a desired target.
- the electrical current may be reversed a further number of times, until substantially the entire therapeutic dose of the metal substance 20 has been transferred across the outer layer of the organism's skin 136.
- a prick or a prong (not shown) may be attached to the prior art Joshi structure, which may similarly be activated by a stun gun type device, thus giving a very low amount of electrical shock, and facilitating the traversal of the metal ions 20 into the epidermis 136 and/or the embedded area.
- the electrical current may be introduced into at least one of the anode 30b and the cathode 30a of the encapsulated bolus device by contact with a stun gun type dermal press (not shown) , or by one or more batteries located substantially adjacent to one or more of the cationic chamber 102 and the anionic chamber 104.
- an electric circuit shunt resisting component may be arranged in a parallel circuit 108 to the skin 136, such that a predetermined amount of the electrical current may be introduced to i the skin 136 over a predetermined time interval.
- substantially between about 1 milliamp per minute and about 500 milliamps per minute may be introduced to the organism.
- the delivery methodologies may include . needle, or "prickly”, encapsulated bolus methodologies. These modalities share much in common with both the encapsulated bolus methodologies and the prickly patch methodologies, both of which are described hereinabove. Similar reference numerals have been utilized throughout to designate and/or denote similar structures. As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the prickly encapsulated bolus methodologies are additionally and preferably provided with any number of small needle-like extensions, or needle members 92, on the underside of a prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' .
- the needle members 92 preferably, but do not necessarily, extend from the anode 30b and cathode 30a of the prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' .
- the needle members 92 of the prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' shown in Figures 15 and 16 are depicted as having been provided within a substantially continuous adhesive layer 90 that underlies both the membranes 88 and the backing layer 82.
- the needle members 92 may preferably, but not necessarily, be formed from the metal substance 20.
- at least one of the needle members 92 of the prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' substantially penetrates the organism's outer layer of skin 136.
- the prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' facilitates delivery of a therapeutically effective dose of metal salts 22 from the anionic chamber 104, along with metal ions 24 from the needle members adjacent the anionic chamber 104, across the organism's outer layer of skin 136. More preferably, but not necessarily, the metal salts 22 and metal ions 24 may traverse, still further, into the organism's blood stream 139, whereupon they may be carried by the blood flow "D" to a desired target.
- the electrical current may be substantially varied over time, and is a reversing electrical current.
- the prickly ecapsulated bolus device 100' may preferably facilitate delivery of the therapeutically effective dose of the metal salts 22 and/or metal ions 24 from, and/or from substantially adjacent to, the anionic chamber 104 as shown in Figure 16 (nee cationic chamber 102 as shown in Figure 15), across the organism's outer layer of skin 136.
- the metal salts 22 and metal ions 24 may traverse, still further, into the organism's blood stream 139, whereupon they may likewise be carried by the blood flow "D" to a desired target.
- the electrical current may be reversed a further number of times, until substantially the entire therapeutic dose of the metal substance 20 has been transferred from the prickly encapsulated bolus device 100' across the outer layer of the organism's skin 136.
- Transdermal patch and/or encapsulated bolus systems may typically, but not necessarily, involve the addition and/or use of an enhancer or enhancing process - a mechanism or process to increase the permeability of the skin - and, in some of instances, also a mechanism to time the delivery and/or create bolus dosing.
- enhancers and enhancing processes which might be used to facilitate drug delivery, possibly including each of the following: iontophoresis, ultrasound, chemicals including gels, microneedles, sonophoresis, lasers, and electroporatic methods.
- the delivery methodologies may include ingestible dissolvable capsule methodologies.
- Dissolvable gelatin capsules are known in the prior art. Such gelatin capsules may also have been known to be used in conjunction with a gastro-intestinal tube guide and stiffener.
- One particularly useful dissolvable device of this type was originally created for obtaining samples of certain gastrointestinal pathogens (see U.S. Patent No. 5,738,110 to Beal which is hereby incorporated herein by reference) , and includes a gelatin pharmaceutical capsule containing a malleable drag material made of a mixture of beeswax and mineral oil.
- pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., therapeutic) doses of the metal salts, metal ions, alloys, or combinations thereof may be placed in the interior chamber 112 of a capsule 110 constructed generally as taught by Beal, as a colloidal suspension with suitable pharmaceutical diluents and/or carriers.
- the free end of the gelatin capsule 110 is preferably attached to a string member 114, which extends through a perforation in the capsule 110.
- the patient may preferably hold the free end of the string member 114 and swallow the capsule 110.
- the gelatin capsule 110 dissolves in the stomach acid environment releasing the colloidal suspension.
- the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance in colloidal suspension with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is loaded into the interior chamber 112 of the dissolvable capsule 110.
- the dissolvable capsule is introduced into at least one of the windpipe (not shown) and the foodpipe (not shown) of the organism, such that upon dissolving of the capsule 110, the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance may preferably be delivered into at least a respective one of the lungs and the stomach of the organism.
- the gelatin capsule 110 derived from the aforementioned Beal device may be further modified to ensure that the string member 114 connected to the capsule 110 is electrically conductive, and has at its end portion 116 inside the capsule 110 a tiny electrode 30 tipped with the metal substance (e.g., silver or other metal ions, salts, alloys or combinations thereof, as discussed herein) .
- the electrically conductive string member 114 is preferably coated with a biocompatible insulating material 118.
- a melting of the gelatin capsule 110 may be effected, the exposing the metal ion electrode 30, and thereafter producing a condition conducive to spraying of the metal ions from the electrode 30 into the stomach or lung of the patient for treatment of pathogens found therein.
- the string member 114 is inserted into the windpipe and further into the desired part of the lung for the spray release of the metal ions.
- a silver ion tipped electrode 30 may preferably, but not necessarily, be particularly advantageous in the treatment of pathogens in the stomach and lungs.
- the length and other dimensions of the string member 114 and electrode 30 will preferably, of course, be sufficiently small that they will not puncture or tear any tissues of the patient during the retrieval process (i.e. when removed by retraction of the electrically conductive string) .
- Figures 19A through 19C represent modifications of the gelatin capsule method described hereinabove with reference to Figure 17 but, at least insofar as they are used in conjunction with a gastro-intestinal tube guide and stiffener (these structures being substantially analogous to a catheter 120, with its lumen 126 and first electrode 126) , additionally involve catheter-like aspects which may be further appreciated from the discussion of electrode catheterization which is provided hereinbelow. Again, similar reference numerals have been utilized to designate and/or denote similar structures.
- the delivery methodologies may include electrode catheterization methodologies. Delivery by electrode catheterization may be generally preferred where the therapeutic metal (e.g., silver) ions may be administered under professional care.
- electrode catheterization according to the invention is a treatment method whereby a silver wire, and/or other metal wire, may be maintained in the central blood circulation, with a low flow of electrical energy being used to generate silver and/or other metal ions and facilitate their distribution by the blood supply.
- the first electrode is placed in the venous system of the infected patient via a catheter.
- metal ions, metal salts, alloys or combinations thereof would be used as the materials of choice for patient treatment, along with a specific programmed regime as described hereinbelow.
- an electrical conductor 124 is disposed within a lumen 122 of a catheter 120.
- a first electrode 126 extends out of the lumen 122 into the blood stream of the organism (not shown) .
- the first electrode 126 is preferably in electrical communication with the electrical conductor 124.
- a second electrode 128 may be placed on the skin of the organism, or situated elsewhere in the blood stream. It will be appreciated that, upon introduction of electrical current into the electrical conductor 124 and the first electrode 126 from an external electric current source (not shown) , the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance is delivered into the body of said organism.
- the first electrode 126 may preferably, but not necessarily, comprise a coating of the metal substance that is provided in substantially coating relation over a portion of the electrical conductor 124.
- an electrolyte solution may be ionized and passed over the first electrode 126, such that the therapeutically effective dose of the metal substance is delivered from the ionized electrolyte into the body of said organism.
- the external electric current source may be either an alternating current source or a direct current source.
- the electrical current may be substantially varied over time, however, and is most -preferably, a reversing electrical current.
- the electrode catheterization method may be carried out under hydration conditions, with a regimen adapted to substantially hydrate the organism being carried out before and during the electrode catheterization method. This is a procedure utilizing a definite programmed regime of fluid hydration of the patient before the procedure, as well as during the procedure. Acceptable hydration before the procedure may include clean water taken orally for a designated period of time. During the procedure, the use of a sterile Ringer's solution, isotonic saline preparation, or like products, may be incorporated. It may be imperative to be hydrating the patient before, as well as, during the procedure for maximum results.
- the IV Giving ' Set and IV cannula or Abbocath or Intracath may be used, as may any other having a Y connector.
- a prepared sterile wire of the correct length, coated with a metal ion, metal salt, alloy, or any combination thereof, on the tip, is preferably inserted into the cannula (and/or catheter) , so. that the metal ion tip is at the distal end of the cannula.
- An appropriate source of programmable electricity, or AC or DC battery, is needed to sustain and monitor the flow, amount of charge and the timing.
- a separate coil of wire is placed around the IV bottle, producing an electromagnetic field when the controlled power source is applied, thus ionizing the electrolyte solution.
- An ideal tip may be a combination silver, copper and platinum. Platinum may- prevent corrosion on the tip surface, while copper assists in the conductivity. Reverse power methods may be applied here also.
- the action of the electrical current at this interface is generally thought to ionize the metals with an electric charge that has an opposite polarity to the solution at the interface.
- the ionized metal is generally thought to be repelled from the conductor and attracted into solution.
- the metal ions in solution may then be dispersed to the liquid medium by diffusion, electrical repulsion, and/or any flow of the liquid.
- time constants of the metal ion production and deposition of metal oxide are different.
- Some embodiments of the present invention take advantage of the differential time constants through the application of a reversal of the constant current flow according to an asymmetrical time schedule.
- this schedule of current flow reversals is a reversing DC current which alternates according to an asymmetrical duty cycle of about 10 seconds in the positive direction, and then about 1 second in the reverse direction, continuing according to this schedule for a duration of about 15 minutes.
- the reversing electrical current may be a reversing DC current that alternates according to a substantially even duty cycle of about 1 second in the positive direction and about 1 second in the reverse direction, with the duty cycle continuing substantially as aforesaid for a duration of about 15 minutes.
- silver ion therapy may have particular application both in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and septicemia. It is generally thought, though not essential to the invention, that silver ions are produced in enormous quantities when an electric current is passed through silver metal in saline or other conducting solution, including blood. In fact, the amount of current needed is thought to be much lower than that which might be needed to affect the heart muscle. Silver ions are positively charged while viruses and bacteria may generally be thought to have a weak negative charge. It is thus likely that there is a mutual attraction between the ions and the viral and bacterial organisms, which may ultimately result the latter being inactivated by the ions.
- the half-life of the ionic form of silver in the blood may be calculated to be in the approximate order of about 7.8 seconds - a period which may ⁇ be sufficient to give such silver ions enough time to react with many virions, particularly if delivery can be directly effected to a large blood vessel, such as the superior vena cava, which empties directly into the heart with blood from many different veins.
- a large blood vessel such as the superior vena cava
- the silver ions may still be active when they reach the target.
- both cats and certain primates have been shown to be infected with fatal diseases that are caused by retroviruses similar to HIV.
- the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) appears to be transmitted to other cats through the saliva, such as, for example, through biting. Electrode catheterization treatment of FIV-infected cats with silver ions might be performed.
- infection studies were carried out in a Level III facility in vitro using HIV-infected and noninfected cells.
- a viral dose of MOI 0.5 was added to a culture flask.
- the supernatants of control and test flasks were tested for the presence of the p24 antigen.
- Cells were then incubated in the presence and absence of silver ions produced by passing current through a sterile silver electrode present in the culture flask. Current was applied for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 30 minutes after incubation of virus with the cells. Cells were then be maintained in culture for 7 days and the concentration of p24 antigen in the supernatant was determined.
- the cells used for such studies were CEM-SS cultured human lymphoblasts to allow detection and monitoring of HIV- induced synceytium. Cells were grown in enriched RPMI medium
- a silver catheter was introduced by drill into the tissue culture flask, sealed and the flask was then gas-sterilized.
- Silver ions were generated by connecting the silver electrode to a purpose-built device designed by one of the investigators (RE) powered by a 9 volt battery and designed to generate a steady current of 1.0 milliamp.
- RE investigators
- silver ions exert their anti-infectious effects is not clear, not essential to the present invention, but there are several possibilities. It is possible that there is a reduction in the number of cells infected with the virus; alternately, it is possible that there is reduced viral replication in silver- exposed cells. A number of further possibilities may exist as well. It is generally thought that there is, normally, a small amount of silver that can be detected in the blood, at about 100 parts per billion of silver. There are several potential targets for increased concentrations of silver ions, including sulfhydryl groups. It has been noted that silver ions target sulfhydryl groups of some bacterial proteins modulating their activity. Thus, it is possible that the metal ions in the testing detailed hereinabove may mediate a similar effect and result 'in the inactivation of proteins critical for viral- replication and pathogenesis such as HIV reverse transcriptase.
- silver ion therapy has the potential to have a profound effect on the progression of HIV infection, and may significantly improve the quality of life for patients with AIDS. It may likewise be appreciated that silver ion therapy has a significant potential to prove very effective in fighting other diseases and conditions, such as, for example, Hepatitis B and C and Parkinsons disease. It may be further appreciated from the above that the method described herein may be used to treat bacterial, viral, fungal, and/or vector-induced disease states, and to improve the health of humans, animals, and even plants (e.g., the banana plant) . As aforesaid, delivery of the metal substance to the body of any particular organism may be adapted and/or varied according to the species and body weight of the organism.
- one or more of the methods described herein may be used to treat or preventatively treat hoof and mouth disease, leishmania, pig cholera, distemper, panleukopenia, panleukemia, heartworm disease, Johne' s disease, feline immunodeficiency disease, and/or symptoms associated with any one or more of these conditions.
- one or more of the methods described herein may be used to treat or preventatively treat chagas, dengue, leishmania, encephalitis, rickettsia, Candida, tuberculosis, pneumonia, septisemia, dysentary, polio, measles, chicken pox, small pox, mumps, ebola, malaria, eye infections, macular degeneration, retinal weakening, precursors to cancer, HPV, skin cancers, nasal pharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, other carcinomas, diabetes, thyroid disorders, arthritis, transplant rejections, other autoimmune disease states, HIV, and/or symptoms associated with any one or more of these conditions.
- the use of silver according to the invention may also be effective in treatment of burn victims, and against various other bacteria and viruses.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AP2007004039A AP2007004039A0 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts |
CA002588181A CA2588181A1 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts |
US11/720,074 US20080195033A1 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of Delivery of Therapeutic Metal Ions, Alloys and Salts |
BRPI0516897-0A BRPI0516897A (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method for the administration of metal ions, alloys and therapeutic salts |
MX2007006190A MX2007006190A (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts. |
EP05815063A EP1827585A4 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts |
JP2007541608A JP2008520592A (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of transporting therapeutic metal ions, alloys, and salts |
AU2005309275A AU2005309275A1 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US62997504P | 2004-11-23 | 2004-11-23 | |
US60/629,975 | 2004-11-23 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006056055A2 true WO2006056055A2 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=36498319
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PCT/CA2005/001777 WO2006056055A2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2005-11-23 | Method of delivery of therapeutic metal ions, alloys and salts |
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---|---|
US (1) | US20080195033A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1827585A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008520592A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101107039A (en) |
AP (1) | AP2007004039A0 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005309275A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0516897A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2588181A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007006190A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006056055A2 (en) |
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- 2005-11-23 AU AU2005309275A patent/AU2005309275A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-23 CA CA002588181A patent/CA2588181A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-23 CN CNA2005800470523A patent/CN101107039A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-23 US US11/720,074 patent/US20080195033A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-23 EP EP05815063A patent/EP1827585A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-23 WO PCT/CA2005/001777 patent/WO2006056055A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-23 MX MX2007006190A patent/MX2007006190A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US11110272B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2021-09-07 | Pilogics L.P. | Apparatus for stimulating hair growth and/or preventing hair loss |
US20140194852A1 (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-07-10 | Berlock Aps | Micron-sized gold, kit comprising said gold and its use as a non-toxic immune suppressor |
US10111904B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 | 2018-10-30 | Berlock Aps | Micron-sized gold, kit comprising said gold and its use as a non-toxic immune suppressor |
US9566431B2 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2017-02-14 | Pilogics L.P. | Method of forming a large number of metal-ion-deposition islands on the scalp by a rapid series of brief electrode-contact events |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1827585A4 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
JP2008520592A (en) | 2008-06-19 |
CN101107039A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
MX2007006190A (en) | 2008-01-22 |
US20080195033A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
AP2007004039A0 (en) | 2007-06-30 |
BRPI0516897A (en) | 2008-09-23 |
EP1827585A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
CA2588181A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
AU2005309275A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
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