WO2006072416A2 - A system for analysing data and for assisting a person in navigating the data - Google Patents

A system for analysing data and for assisting a person in navigating the data Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006072416A2
WO2006072416A2 PCT/EP2005/013985 EP2005013985W WO2006072416A2 WO 2006072416 A2 WO2006072416 A2 WO 2006072416A2 EP 2005013985 W EP2005013985 W EP 2005013985W WO 2006072416 A2 WO2006072416 A2 WO 2006072416A2
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Prior art keywords
sub
person
data
analysis
general condition
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PCT/EP2005/013985
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French (fr)
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WO2006072416A3 (en
Inventor
Jette RANDLØV
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Novo Nordisk A/S
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Publication of WO2006072416A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006072416A2/en
Publication of WO2006072416A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006072416A3/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H15/00—ICT specially adapted for medical reports, e.g. generation or transmission thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and a method for analysing data relating to a general condition, such as diabetes, for a person. It further relates to assisting a person in navigating such data in such a way that attention requiring points receive the necessary attention.
  • the system and method of the present invention may further be adapted to assist a person in optimising the general condition for the person.
  • EP 0 483 595 A2 discloses an automated diabetes data interpretation system which combines symbolic and numeric computing approaches in order to identify and highlight key clinical findings in the patient's self-recorded diabetes data.
  • the data is processed to identify insulin dosage regimens corresponding to predefined significant changes in insulin dosage which are found to be sustained for at least a predefined segment of the overall data collection period.
  • the processing further results in identification of statistically significant changes in blood glucose levels resulting across adjacent ones of the identified insulin regimen periods.
  • the processing results in identification of clinically significant changes in blood glucose level changes.
  • the results of the data processing are generated in the form of a comprehensive yet easily understandable data interpretation report highlighting the processing results, including details pertaining to the identified insulin regimens and the associated clinically significant changes in glucose levels.
  • the data interpretation report is, thus, generated in accordance with a tree-like decision process, i.e. initially identifying changes in insulin dosage, then identifying possible statistically significant abnormalities of the data, and finally deciding whether or not these statistically significant abnormalities are also clinically relevant.
  • the clinical analysis is made on the basis of a set of screen rules based on clinical knowledge. This process makes it possible to derive a possible clinical explanation to the statistically significant and clinically relevant abnormalities.
  • the process is rather cumbersome, and in order to identify the insulin dosage regimens it is necessary to obtain data on a very regular basis, such as every day, or even several times each day, thereby making it very difficult to obtain a data interpretation report in case data for some reason are missing, e.g.
  • US 2003/0225315 discloses a system and a method for gathering and displaying information in data intensive environments, in particular a bed side system for data analysis in a critical care environment. Based on gathered data graphical representations in the form of coloured bar charts are displayed on a display screen in order to extract important information from the gathered data. In this way, complex assessments can be made rapidly.
  • the system and the method of US 2003/0225315 are adapted to monitor hospitalized and critically ill persons, and the monitoring equipment is therefore more or less permanently attached to the patient, and operation of the equipment requires authorised personnel. Accordingly, the apparatus and method are unsuitable for self-monitoring by a person.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a system which is capable of assisting a person in navigating data relating to a general condition of the person, e.g. diabetes, where the system is capable of providing a useful output, even if the available data is scarce or imperfect.
  • a system for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person comprising:
  • means for obtaining data relating to a general condition for a person, said means for obtaining data comprising one or more ambulatory devices,
  • first analysing means for analysing the obtained data and for generating a plurality of sub-analyses, each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person
  • second analysing means for analysing each of the plurality of sub-analyses, for determining, for each sub-analysis, whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention, and for generating one or more corresponding outputs
  • the above and other objects are fulfilled by providing a method for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person, the method comprising the steps of:
  • each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person
  • the method according to the second aspect of the present invention may advantageously be fully or partly performed by means of a computer program.
  • the system and method according to the present invention are always capable of providing a result in the form of a message generated on the basis of the data which is actually available, even if the available data is incomplete or scarce. Furthermore, none of the information present in the original data is lost, the system is merely assisting the user in navigating the data in such a way that it is ensured that anything which requires attention is highlighted, i.e. no important information is overlooked by the user, even if the amount of data is vast. Furthermore, irregularities, changes or abnormalities may be discovered, even if they are not related to a specific measurement, a change in a specific parameter or a specific event.
  • the data relating to a general condition may, e.g., comprise medical measurements, such as various parameter values derived from blood samples, samples of other body fluids and/or tissue samples, blood pressure measurements, and/or any other kind of measurement which may provide an indication of the general condition for the person which it is desired to monitor, follow or analyse.
  • medical measurements such as various parameter values derived from blood samples, samples of other body fluids and/or tissue samples, blood pressure measurements, and/or any other kind of measurement which may provide an indication of the general condition for the person which it is desired to monitor, follow or analyse.
  • the means for obtaining data comprises one or more ambulatory devices, i.e. device(s) which can readily be moved, e.g. handheld and/or portable device(s).
  • the system and method according to the invention need not to be positioned in a hospital or to be operated by authorised personnel.
  • the system and method according to the invention are suitable for self-monitoring. It is an advantage that the person in question may himself or herself navigate the available data with assistance from the system.
  • the general condition is a specific condition which it is desired to monitor for a specific person.
  • the person may, e.g., have a specific chronic or semi-chronic disease or condition, e.g. diabetes or hypertension, and it may therefore be desirable to monitor a possible development (to the better or to the worse) in the condition, to monitor that the condition stays relatively stable, or to monitor inexpedient variations during the day.
  • Such monitoring may advantageously be performed by the person having the condition, e.g. by means of self-testing.
  • the person will also have to analyse the obtained data and draw one or more conclusions based on the data.
  • the system and method of the present invention will help the person in navigating the data in such a way that nothing important will be overlooked, even if the amount of data is vast, and in such a way that the person will still have access to all of the obtained data.
  • the sub-analyses each relates to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition. This allows a relatively complex condition to be split into a number of points which may or may not require the attention of the person.
  • the sub-analyses may be defined on the basis of aspects relating to the behaviour of the person, e.g. medication, food intake in terms of amount and/or composition, exercise, etc.
  • the sub-analyses may be defined on the basis of various parameters relating to the general condition, such as parameters derived from blood samples obtained at various times of the day (e.g. blood glucose (BG) measurements in case the general condition is related to diabetes).
  • BG blood glucose
  • the second analysis may result in drawing the attention of the user to a behavioural aspect and/or to an aspect related to one or more parameters relating to the general condition.
  • This may include drawing the attention of the user to a pattern in the relevant parameter(s) during the day, e.g. relatively high or low values at certain times of the day, such as in the morning or immediately before or after a meal, relatively large variations during the day, variations in the mean value and/or a relatively large variance.
  • the attention of the user may be drawn to a pattern in the behaviour of the person which is likely to affect the general condition, e.g. food intake, time of meals, exercise, medication, etc.
  • the system may further comprise means for displaying the generated message.
  • Such means may, e.g., comprise a display screen positioned on a handheld device and/or a computer screen being connected to an external computer device, e.g. a laptop computer or a stationary computer, to which the results of the second analysis may be communicated.
  • Examples of a handheld device may be a medical device, such as an apparatus for delivering a drug, e.g. a doser pen, or an apparatus for collecting data, e.g. a BG measurement device.
  • a handheld device could be any imaginable kind of electronic device, such as a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc.
  • the displaying means may comprise a printing device for printing the generated message. Such a printing device may be connected to any of the devices mentioned above.
  • the generated message may comprise one or more sub-messages, each sub-message corresponding to a sub-analysis which requires attention. This opens the possibility of separately drawing the attention of the person to several points which require attention. These points may or may not be interrelated, and actions which may be needed in order to improve the general condition on the basis of the generated sub-message(s) may or may not be interrelated. Thus, a specific behaviour may have an impact on several parameters, and this may accordingly lead to several sub-messages, these sub-messages thereby being interrelated.
  • one sub-message may relate to the time of the day where a certain meal is consumed, and another sub-message may relate to medication taken at another time of the day. Such sub-messages will typically not be interrelated.
  • Each sub-message may comprise an electronic link to the corresponding sub-analysis.
  • the sub-message may simply be that something in the corresponding sub-analysis is particularly good, particularly bad or simply unexpected, and that the person should therefore pay attention to the result of the sub-analysis.
  • the electronic link may subsequently lead the person directly to the actual sub-analysis, and the person may therefore immediately look at the sub-analysis which needs attention and decide whether or not the attention was justified, and whether or not an action is required. This is a very useful feature for assisting the person in navigating the obtained data.
  • Each sub-message may comprise information relating to why the corresponding sub-analysis requires attention.
  • Such information may simply relate to a mean value or a variance of a parameter value which has changed significantly, large or strange variations over time, e.g. at a specific time of the day, of a parameter value, an improvement or worsening in the general condition, etc.
  • the information may, alternatively, be more complex, e.g. relating to a detected change in the behavioural pattern of the person.
  • the system may further comprise means for setting a flag for each sub-analysis which requires attention.
  • a flag is simply set each time a sub-analysis shows that something in that sub-analysis requires attention.
  • the generated message is then generated on the basis of the set flags, i.e. only the sub-analyses having a flag will be considered when the message is generated. This is very advantageous because it is a very simple way of extracting the most important information from a vast amount of data.
  • the means for obtaining data may comprise one or more means for measuring one or more parameters relating to the general condition of the person, such as an apparatus for taking and/or analysing blood samples, tissue samples or samples of other body fluids, an apparatus for measuring blood pressure, etc.
  • Such measuring means may advantageously be an ambulatory device.
  • the means for obtaining data may comprise means for transferring data via a data communication channel.
  • the data may be communicated from an apparatus which is capable of measuring and/or analysing the parameters, e.g. one of the apparatuses mentioned above, or a computer device.
  • the data may comprise previously obtained parameters, e.g. covering a longer period of time.
  • the data communication channel may be a wired communication channel or a wireless communication channel, such as an infrared link or a Radio Frequency (RF) link.
  • the data may be communicated via a data communication network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • the system may further comprise means for generating and displaying a graphical view for each sub-analysis.
  • the person may view the result of each sub-analysis in a graphical manner.
  • a graphical representation may immediately give the person an overview of the situation, and he or she may very quickly determine whether or not something is wrong, which actions, if any, need to be taken, and/or whether or not an adjustment may be made, thereby obtaining an improvement or optimisation in the general condition, and thereby in the wellbeing of the person.
  • the graphical view may simply be an arrow indicating whether a specific value has increased or decreased since the previous measurement, or indicating a general trend in the development of a specific parameter.
  • the graphical view may also comprise colour codes, e.g. a red mark indicating that something has turned to the worse, and a green mark indicating that something has improved.
  • the graphical view may be accompanied by an example or a description of how the ideal graph would look.
  • the message may be presented in a textual form, in the form of a sound and/or in the form of a vibration of a handheld apparatus.
  • the general condition of the person may be related to diabetes.
  • the obtained data may advantageously comprise BG measurements, information relating to medication, food intake, e.g. in terms of time, composition and amount of food, exercise, and/or any other kind of data which is relevant to the general wellbeing of a person having diabetes.
  • the general condition may be related to heart conditions, asthma, and/or other conditions which require some degree of self-medication.
  • the system may further comprise means for suggesting alterations in the behaviour of the person on the basis of the generated message, in order to improve the general condition for the person.
  • An example of this could be the following.
  • the system may suggest that adjustments are made in relation to this meal in order to improve the general condition. This may, e.g., include changing the time of the meal, the composition of the meal, the amount of food consumed during the meal, the insulin dose taken in connection with the meal, etc.
  • the system is merely making suggestions, and that the final decision is completely up to the person and/or the medical advisors of the person.
  • the system provides a valuable tool for providing a foundation for making the decision.
  • the system may form part of a medical device, such as a device for obtaining BG measurements, a drug delivery device, such as a doser pen, an infusion apparatus or a jet injector, or any other suitable kind of medical device.
  • the system may form part of an electronic device, such as a computer device, e.g. a laptop computer or a stationary computer, or a handheld device, such as a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc.
  • a computer device e.g. a laptop computer or a stationary computer
  • a handheld device such as a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • Fig. 1 shows a prandial day plot of BG measurements for a person having diabetes
  • Fig. 2 shows a screen dump of an index and statistics screen from which a message for a summary screen may be generated.
  • Fig. 1 shows BG measurements for a person having diabetes.
  • the plots shown in Fig. 1 are in a form which may typically be presented to a user. The measurements are obtained at various times of the day.
  • Fig. 1 shows four plots 1-4, three of which 1-3 correspond to specific meals. The last plot 4 represents the night time.
  • the first plot 1 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the breakfast meal. Each dot represents one BG measurement taken during the period displayed by the graph, for instance the previous three months.
  • the first axis represents time, the vertical line representing the time of the meal, and the plot covering one hour preceding and three hours following the time of the meal.
  • the second axis represents the measured BG levels in mmol/L.
  • the second plot 2 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the lunch meal
  • the third plot 3 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the dinner meal.
  • the fourth plot 4 shows BG measurements obtained at night time, i.e. between 8 pm (20) and 11 pm (23). Looking at the plots it can be derived that the BG measurements obtained following the breakfast meal 1 show a very large variance, while the BG measurements following the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 appear to be normal. Furthermore, the night time plot 4 shows a relatively large mean value. Using the system according to the present invention on this data would result in a message indicating that the breakfast plot 1 and the night time plot 4 require attention.
  • the message may be followed by a suggestion that a change in the composition or time of the breakfast meal may be considered and/or that a change in the insulin dose at breakfast time and/or at night time may be considered.
  • the plots representing the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 are not considered when generating the message. Thereby it is ensured that the person pays attention to the plots 1, 4 which require attention.
  • the plots representing the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 are still available to the person, i.e. the person may still look at them if he or she wishes to.
  • Fig. 2 shows an index and statistics screen for a person having diabetes.
  • a number of measured parameters are listed.
  • the most recent value is shown along with an arrow indicating whether the value has increased or decreased since the previous measurement was performed, or since the person last looked at the overview screen, or since a set time mark.
  • the arrows may be coloured, e.g. in such a way that a red arrow indicates that the corresponding parameter requires attention, and a green arrow indicating that the corresponding parameter does not require attention.
  • LBGI Low BG Index
  • the analysis 7 shows the overall compliance (i.e. throughout the day) as well as the compliance at various times of the day, represented by the various meal times and the night time as defined in relation to Fig. 1.
  • the screen further comprises a field denoted 'Recommendations' 8.
  • a field denoted 'Recommendations' 8 When activating this field 8, e.g. by touching it, clicking it with a computer mouse, etc., a new screen will appear listing a number of recommendations generated by the system on the basis of the information present on the screen.
  • the screen shown in Fig. 2 may advantageously form the basis of a summary screen.
  • the system of the present invention may generate a message pointing out the points which require attention.
  • Such points may, e.g., be any of the parameters shown in the upper left part of the screen 5 in case the development in the parameter in question is significant, sudden or unexpected.
  • Another attention requiring point may be if the LBGI 6 moves into an area where there will be a risk of either short term or long term complications. It may also be that the BG compliance, either overall or at a specific time of the day, falls below an acceptable level, or if the trend is dropping.

Abstract

A system and method for analysing and navigating data relating to a general condition for a person, e.g. diabetes. A plurality of sub-analyses are generated, each being related to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition. The sub-analyses are analysed, thereby determining whether or not they require attention. A message is generated indicating which sub-analyses require attention. A message may be generated even if the available data is incomplete. Assists the person in navigating vast amounts of data while ensuring that nothing important is overlooked. All data is still available to the person. May be capable of suggesting actions for improving or optimising the general condition for the person.

Description

A SYSTEM FOR ANALYSING DATA AND FOR ASSISTING A PERSON IN NAVIGATING THE DATA
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system and a method for analysing data relating to a general condition, such as diabetes, for a person. It further relates to assisting a person in navigating such data in such a way that attention requiring points receive the necessary attention. The system and method of the present invention may further be adapted to assist a person in optimising the general condition for the person.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
EP 0 483 595 A2 discloses an automated diabetes data interpretation system which combines symbolic and numeric computing approaches in order to identify and highlight key clinical findings in the patient's self-recorded diabetes data. The data is processed to identify insulin dosage regimens corresponding to predefined significant changes in insulin dosage which are found to be sustained for at least a predefined segment of the overall data collection period. The processing further results in identification of statistically significant changes in blood glucose levels resulting across adjacent ones of the identified insulin regimen periods. Finally, the processing results in identification of clinically significant changes in blood glucose level changes. The results of the data processing are generated in the form of a comprehensive yet easily understandable data interpretation report highlighting the processing results, including details pertaining to the identified insulin regimens and the associated clinically significant changes in glucose levels.
The data interpretation report is, thus, generated in accordance with a tree-like decision process, i.e. initially identifying changes in insulin dosage, then identifying possible statistically significant abnormalities of the data, and finally deciding whether or not these statistically significant abnormalities are also clinically relevant. The clinical analysis is made on the basis of a set of screen rules based on clinical knowledge. This process makes it possible to derive a possible clinical explanation to the statistically significant and clinically relevant abnormalities. The process is rather cumbersome, and in order to identify the insulin dosage regimens it is necessary to obtain data on a very regular basis, such as every day, or even several times each day, thereby making it very difficult to obtain a data interpretation report in case data for some reason are missing, e.g. due to the patient forgetting or omitting to measure or otherwise provide the relevant data. US 2003/0225315 discloses a system and a method for gathering and displaying information in data intensive environments, in particular a bed side system for data analysis in a critical care environment. Based on gathered data graphical representations in the form of coloured bar charts are displayed on a display screen in order to extract important information from the gathered data. In this way, complex assessments can be made rapidly. The system and the method of US 2003/0225315 are adapted to monitor hospitalized and critically ill persons, and the monitoring equipment is therefore more or less permanently attached to the patient, and operation of the equipment requires authorised personnel. Accordingly, the apparatus and method are unsuitable for self-monitoring by a person.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, thus, an object of the present invention to provide a system which is capable of assisting a person in navigating data relating to a general condition of the person, e.g. diabetes, where the system is capable of providing a useful output, even if the available data is scarce or imperfect.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system which is capable of assisting a person in improving a general condition for the person without actually telling the person what to do, thereby leaving the responsibility to the person.
It is an even further object of the present invention to provide a system for assisting a person in navigating relatively large amounts of data without causing any of the data to become unavailable for the person.
It is an even further object of the present invention to provide a self-monitoring system for assisting a person in navigating data relating to a general condition of the person.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, the above and other objects are fulfilled by providing a system for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person, the system comprising:
- means for obtaining data relating to a general condition for a person, said means for obtaining data comprising one or more ambulatory devices,
- first analysing means for analysing the obtained data and for generating a plurality of sub-analyses, each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person, - second analysing means for analysing each of the plurality of sub-analyses, for determining, for each sub-analysis, whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention, and for generating one or more corresponding outputs, and
- means for generating a message based on the output(s) generated by the second analysing means.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the above and other objects are fulfilled by providing a method for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person, the method comprising the steps of:
- obtaining data relating to a general condition for a person, using one or more ambulatory devices,
- analysing the obtained data,
- generating a plurality of sub-analyses, each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person,
- analysing each of the plurality of sub-analyses, thereby determining, for each sub- analysis, whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention,
- generating one or more outputs corresponding to the analysis of the plurality of sub- analyses, and
- generating a message based on the generated output(s).
The method according to the second aspect of the present invention may advantageously be fully or partly performed by means of a computer program.
It should be understood that a skilled person would readily recognise that any feature which is described in relation to the first aspect of the present invention may equally be combined with the second aspect of the present invention, and vice versa.
Due to the fact that each of the plurality of sub-analyses is analysed in order to determine whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention, the system and method according to the present invention are always capable of providing a result in the form of a message generated on the basis of the data which is actually available, even if the available data is incomplete or scarce. Furthermore, none of the information present in the original data is lost, the system is merely assisting the user in navigating the data in such a way that it is ensured that anything which requires attention is highlighted, i.e. no important information is overlooked by the user, even if the amount of data is vast. Furthermore, irregularities, changes or abnormalities may be discovered, even if they are not related to a specific measurement, a change in a specific parameter or a specific event. An unexpected pattern may also be discovered, and it is therefore possible to point out inexpediencies or points which may be optimised in order to improve the general condition for the person, even if nothing is actually wrong. This provides a very useful tool for assisting the person in navigating the obtained data and in assisting the person in making choices and possibly performing actions in order to improve or optimise the general condition for the person.
The data relating to a general condition may, e.g., comprise medical measurements, such as various parameter values derived from blood samples, samples of other body fluids and/or tissue samples, blood pressure measurements, and/or any other kind of measurement which may provide an indication of the general condition for the person which it is desired to monitor, follow or analyse.
The means for obtaining data comprises one or more ambulatory devices, i.e. device(s) which can readily be moved, e.g. handheld and/or portable device(s). Thereby the system and method according to the invention need not to be positioned in a hospital or to be operated by authorised personnel. Thereby the system and method according to the invention are suitable for self-monitoring. It is an advantage that the person in question may himself or herself navigate the available data with assistance from the system.
Preferably, the general condition is a specific condition which it is desired to monitor for a specific person. The person may, e.g., have a specific chronic or semi-chronic disease or condition, e.g. diabetes or hypertension, and it may therefore be desirable to monitor a possible development (to the better or to the worse) in the condition, to monitor that the condition stays relatively stable, or to monitor inexpedient variations during the day. Such monitoring may advantageously be performed by the person having the condition, e.g. by means of self-testing. In this case the person will also have to analyse the obtained data and draw one or more conclusions based on the data. The system and method of the present invention will help the person in navigating the data in such a way that nothing important will be overlooked, even if the amount of data is vast, and in such a way that the person will still have access to all of the obtained data.
The sub-analyses each relates to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition. This allows a relatively complex condition to be split into a number of points which may or may not require the attention of the person. The sub-analyses may be defined on the basis of aspects relating to the behaviour of the person, e.g. medication, food intake in terms of amount and/or composition, exercise, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the sub-analyses may be defined on the basis of various parameters relating to the general condition, such as parameters derived from blood samples obtained at various times of the day (e.g. blood glucose (BG) measurements in case the general condition is related to diabetes). Accordingly, the second analysis may result in drawing the attention of the user to a behavioural aspect and/or to an aspect related to one or more parameters relating to the general condition. This may include drawing the attention of the user to a pattern in the relevant parameter(s) during the day, e.g. relatively high or low values at certain times of the day, such as in the morning or immediately before or after a meal, relatively large variations during the day, variations in the mean value and/or a relatively large variance. Alternatively or additionally, the attention of the user may be drawn to a pattern in the behaviour of the person which is likely to affect the general condition, e.g. food intake, time of meals, exercise, medication, etc.
The system may further comprise means for displaying the generated message. Such means may, e.g., comprise a display screen positioned on a handheld device and/or a computer screen being connected to an external computer device, e.g. a laptop computer or a stationary computer, to which the results of the second analysis may be communicated. Examples of a handheld device may be a medical device, such as an apparatus for delivering a drug, e.g. a doser pen, or an apparatus for collecting data, e.g. a BG measurement device. Alternatively, a handheld device could be any imaginable kind of electronic device, such as a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc. Alternatively or additionally, the displaying means may comprise a printing device for printing the generated message. Such a printing device may be connected to any of the devices mentioned above.
The generated message may comprise one or more sub-messages, each sub-message corresponding to a sub-analysis which requires attention. This opens the possibility of separately drawing the attention of the person to several points which require attention. These points may or may not be interrelated, and actions which may be needed in order to improve the general condition on the basis of the generated sub-message(s) may or may not be interrelated. Thus, a specific behaviour may have an impact on several parameters, and this may accordingly lead to several sub-messages, these sub-messages thereby being interrelated. Alternatively, one sub-message may relate to the time of the day where a certain meal is consumed, and another sub-message may relate to medication taken at another time of the day. Such sub-messages will typically not be interrelated. Each sub-message may comprise an electronic link to the corresponding sub-analysis. In this case the sub-message may simply be that something in the corresponding sub-analysis is particularly good, particularly bad or simply unexpected, and that the person should therefore pay attention to the result of the sub-analysis. The electronic link may subsequently lead the person directly to the actual sub-analysis, and the person may therefore immediately look at the sub-analysis which needs attention and decide whether or not the attention was justified, and whether or not an action is required. This is a very useful feature for assisting the person in navigating the obtained data.
Each sub-message may comprise information relating to why the corresponding sub-analysis requires attention. Such information may simply relate to a mean value or a variance of a parameter value which has changed significantly, large or strange variations over time, e.g. at a specific time of the day, of a parameter value, an improvement or worsening in the general condition, etc. The information may, alternatively, be more complex, e.g. relating to a detected change in the behavioural pattern of the person.
The system may further comprise means for setting a flag for each sub-analysis which requires attention. Thus, when the second analysis is performed a flag is simply set each time a sub-analysis shows that something in that sub-analysis requires attention. The generated message is then generated on the basis of the set flags, i.e. only the sub-analyses having a flag will be considered when the message is generated. This is very advantageous because it is a very simple way of extracting the most important information from a vast amount of data.
The means for obtaining data may comprise one or more means for measuring one or more parameters relating to the general condition of the person, such as an apparatus for taking and/or analysing blood samples, tissue samples or samples of other body fluids, an apparatus for measuring blood pressure, etc. Such measuring means may advantageously be an ambulatory device.
Alternatively or additionally, the means for obtaining data may comprise means for transferring data via a data communication channel. Thereby the data may be communicated from an apparatus which is capable of measuring and/or analysing the parameters, e.g. one of the apparatuses mentioned above, or a computer device. The data may comprise previously obtained parameters, e.g. covering a longer period of time. The data communication channel may be a wired communication channel or a wireless communication channel, such as an infrared link or a Radio Frequency (RF) link. The data may be communicated via a data communication network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN). The system may further comprise means for generating and displaying a graphical view for each sub-analysis. In this case the person may view the result of each sub-analysis in a graphical manner. Such a graphical representation may immediately give the person an overview of the situation, and he or she may very quickly determine whether or not something is wrong, which actions, if any, need to be taken, and/or whether or not an adjustment may be made, thereby obtaining an improvement or optimisation in the general condition, and thereby in the wellbeing of the person. The graphical view may simply be an arrow indicating whether a specific value has increased or decreased since the previous measurement, or indicating a general trend in the development of a specific parameter. The graphical view may also comprise colour codes, e.g. a red mark indicating that something has turned to the worse, and a green mark indicating that something has improved. In one embodiment the graphical view may be accompanied by an example or a description of how the ideal graph would look.
Additionally or alternatively to a graphical view, the message may be presented in a textual form, in the form of a sound and/or in the form of a vibration of a handheld apparatus.
The general condition of the person may be related to diabetes. In this case the obtained data may advantageously comprise BG measurements, information relating to medication, food intake, e.g. in terms of time, composition and amount of food, exercise, and/or any other kind of data which is relevant to the general wellbeing of a person having diabetes.
Alternatively, the general condition may be related to heart conditions, asthma, and/or other conditions which require some degree of self-medication.
The system may further comprise means for suggesting alterations in the behaviour of the person on the basis of the generated message, in order to improve the general condition for the person. An example of this could be the following. In case the general condition is related to diabetes, and in case the second analysis reveals that the BG measurement deviates significantly from the mean value in connection with a specific meal every day, the system may suggest that adjustments are made in relation to this meal in order to improve the general condition. This may, e.g., include changing the time of the meal, the composition of the meal, the amount of food consumed during the meal, the insulin dose taken in connection with the meal, etc. However, it should be pointed out that the system is merely making suggestions, and that the final decision is completely up to the person and/or the medical advisors of the person. However, the system provides a valuable tool for providing a foundation for making the decision. The system may form part of a medical device, such as a device for obtaining BG measurements, a drug delivery device, such as a doser pen, an infusion apparatus or a jet injector, or any other suitable kind of medical device.
Alternatively, the system may form part of an electronic device, such as a computer device, e.g. a laptop computer or a stationary computer, or a handheld device, such as a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 shows a prandial day plot of BG measurements for a person having diabetes, and
Fig. 2 shows a screen dump of an index and statistics screen from which a message for a summary screen may be generated.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows BG measurements for a person having diabetes. The plots shown in Fig. 1 are in a form which may typically be presented to a user. The measurements are obtained at various times of the day. Fig. 1 shows four plots 1-4, three of which 1-3 correspond to specific meals. The last plot 4 represents the night time.
The first plot 1 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the breakfast meal. Each dot represents one BG measurement taken during the period displayed by the graph, for instance the previous three months. The first axis represents time, the vertical line representing the time of the meal, and the plot covering one hour preceding and three hours following the time of the meal. The second axis represents the measured BG levels in mmol/L.
Similarly, the second plot 2 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the lunch meal, and the third plot 3 shows BG measurements obtained in relation to the dinner meal. As mentioned above, the fourth plot 4 shows BG measurements obtained at night time, i.e. between 8 pm (20) and 11 pm (23). Looking at the plots it can be derived that the BG measurements obtained following the breakfast meal 1 show a very large variance, while the BG measurements following the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 appear to be normal. Furthermore, the night time plot 4 shows a relatively large mean value. Using the system according to the present invention on this data would result in a message indicating that the breakfast plot 1 and the night time plot 4 require attention. The message may be followed by a suggestion that a change in the composition or time of the breakfast meal may be considered and/or that a change in the insulin dose at breakfast time and/or at night time may be considered. However, the plots representing the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 are not considered when generating the message. Thereby it is ensured that the person pays attention to the plots 1, 4 which require attention. Furthermore, the plots representing the lunch and dinner meals 2, 3 are still available to the person, i.e. the person may still look at them if he or she wishes to.
Fig. 2 shows an index and statistics screen for a person having diabetes. In the upper left part of the screen 5 a number of measured parameters are listed. For each parameter the most recent value is shown along with an arrow indicating whether the value has increased or decreased since the previous measurement was performed, or since the person last looked at the overview screen, or since a set time mark. The arrows may be coloured, e.g. in such a way that a red arrow indicates that the corresponding parameter requires attention, and a green arrow indicating that the corresponding parameter does not require attention.
In the upper right part of the screen 6 is a plot of the development over time of a Low BG Index (LBGI) being indicative for the risk of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, and for the risk of long term complication. This plot 6 may advantageously be used for optimising the insulin dosage in such a way that short term and long term objectives are balanced.
In the lower part of the screen 7 is shown an analysis of the BG compliance, i.e. the actually performed number of BG measurements as compared with the ideal number of performed BG measurements. The analysis 7 shows the overall compliance (i.e. throughout the day) as well as the compliance at various times of the day, represented by the various meal times and the night time as defined in relation to Fig. 1.
The screen further comprises a field denoted 'Recommendations' 8. When activating this field 8, e.g. by touching it, clicking it with a computer mouse, etc., a new screen will appear listing a number of recommendations generated by the system on the basis of the information present on the screen.
The screen shown in Fig. 2 may advantageously form the basis of a summary screen. Thus, from the information present in the screen, the system of the present invention may generate a message pointing out the points which require attention. Such points may, e.g., be any of the parameters shown in the upper left part of the screen 5 in case the development in the parameter in question is significant, sudden or unexpected. Another attention requiring point may be if the LBGI 6 moves into an area where there will be a risk of either short term or long term complications. It may also be that the BG compliance, either overall or at a specific time of the day, falls below an acceptable level, or if the trend is dropping.

Claims

1. A system for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person, the system comprising:
- means for obtaining data relating to a general condition for a person, said means for obtaining data comprising one or more ambulatory devices,
- first analysing means for analysing the obtained data and for generating a plurality of sub-analyses, each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person,
- second analysing means for analysing each of the plurality of sub-analyses, for determining, for each sub-analysis, whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention, and for generating one or more corresponding outputs, and
- means for generating a message based on the output(s) generated by the second analysing means.
2. A system according to claim 1, further comprising means for displaying the generated message.
3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the generated message comprises one or more sub-messages, each sub-message corresponding to a sub-analysis which requires attention.
4. A system according to claim 3, wherein each sub-message comprises an electronic link to the corresponding sub-analysis.
5. A system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each sub-message comprises information relating to why the corresponding sub-analysis requires attention.
6. A system according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising means for setting a flag for each sub-analysis which requires attention.
7. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the means for obtaining data comprises one or more means for measuring one or more parameters relating to the general condition of the person.
8. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the means for obtaining data comprises means for transferring data via a data communication channel.
9. A system according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising means for generating and displaying a graphical view for each sub-analysis.
10. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the general condition of the person is related to diabetes.
11. A system according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising means for suggesting alterations in the behaviour of the person on the basis of the generated message, in order to improve the general condition for the person.
12. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the system forms part of a medical device.
13. A system according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the system forms part of an electronic device.
14. A method for analysing data relating to a general condition for a person, the method comprising the steps of:
- obtaining data relating to a general condition for a person, using one or more ambulatory devices,
- analysing the obtained data,
- generating a plurality of sub-analyses, each sub-analysis relating to one or more factors being relevant to the general condition for the person,
- analysing each of the plurality of sub-analyses, thereby determining, for each sub- analysis, whether or not the sub-analysis requires attention,
- generating one or more outputs corresponding to the analysis of the plurality of sub- analyses, and
- generating a message based on the generated output(s).
PCT/EP2005/013985 2005-01-06 2005-12-23 A system for analysing data and for assisting a person in navigating the data WO2006072416A2 (en)

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