WO2006090223A1 - Methods and apparatus for sharing cell coverage information - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus for sharing cell coverage information Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006090223A1 WO2006090223A1 PCT/IB2006/000269 IB2006000269W WO2006090223A1 WO 2006090223 A1 WO2006090223 A1 WO 2006090223A1 IB 2006000269 W IB2006000269 W IB 2006000269W WO 2006090223 A1 WO2006090223 A1 WO 2006090223A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- mobile terminal
- coverage information
- cell coverage
- bitmap
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
- G01S5/0236—Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
- G01S5/02521—Radio frequency fingerprinting using a radio-map
- G01S5/02523—Details of interaction of receiver with radio-map
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
- H04W36/322—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data by location data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
- H04W48/14—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using user query or user detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
Definitions
- the invention relates to handover procedures in wireless communications systems. More particularly, the invention provides for the mapping of cell coverage using pixels in a bitmap and for the sharing of cell coverage information.
- Handover decisions for mobile terminals traveling through a wireless network are typically made based on factors such as cell coverage, mobile terminal location and terminal movement information.
- Mobile terminals include a variety of electronic devices, including cellular phones, mobile digital video broadcast (DVB) receivers, pagers, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, automobile computers, portable video players, and other devices which may move among multiple cells and which include equipment for receiving signals from a wireless network.
- DVB receivers mobile terminals may include mobile receivers of other digital unidirectional broadband broadcast systems.
- spherical rectangle has a reference corner 202, typically located at the southwest corner of the rectangle.
- Reference corner 202 is specified by a specific longitude and latitude, or some other geographic designation.
- the extent of longitude 203 and the extent of latitude 204 describe the length and height of the bounding rectangle, which is sized to encompass the cell signal.
- the values associated with extents 203 and 204 are in the form of degrees, minutes and seconds, or spherical or planar vectors, or some other representation having a magnitude. While permitting relatively simple handoff calculations, the use of spherical rectangles is likely to be fraught with inaccuracies.
- FIG. 3 illustrates how the cell signals of FIG. 1 may be modeled using the conventional approach depicted in FIG. 2.
- the cells are assumed to provide the same signal strength within rectangular areas. Based on information provided to mobile terminal 101, the mobile terminal will either perform a handover to cell B, or keep the signal of cell B if already active. Given the signal strength of cell B in FIG. 1, such a determination is poor because of inaccurate cell signal representation, and a signal may be lost.
- FIG. 4 presents a more realistic depiction of signal strength using different shades to represent the varying strength and weakness of a cell signal within coverage areas. Although only a few shades are used to represent signal strengths, the infinite range of signal strengths varies depending on environmental conditions within the coverage area and other factors. Under a conventional approach, mobile terminal 101 will make a poor assumption selecting cell C as a handover destination from cell B. Although cell C fully encompasses mobile terminal 101 moving along vector 102, the signal strength will decay if the mobile terminal maintains a connection to cell C. If the reception sensitivity of mobile terminal 101 were to be taken into account, the optimal choice in a handover situation would be to cell A, based on actual signal strengths.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of this basic method utilizing only cell shape information (i.e., only one signal level used).
- mobile terminal 101 is able to detect signals from both cell A and cell C, it is able to determine that it is somewhere within shaded region 501.
- FIG. 6 depicts a similar method to detect approximate location using spherical rectangles.
- mobile terminal 101 is able to determine that it is somewhere within shaded area 601. Either method, while facilitating handover decisions, do so in a highly inaccurate manner, since the precise location within the shaded region is unknown.
- Free field three dimensional models of signal levels may be created for a group of cells.
- the models are in the form of bitmaps.
- a mobile terminal can determine the inner area within the cell where it is located, based on the measured signal strength and maximum signal strength value (depending on the antenna sensitivity of the receiver and calibrated 'free field' signal strength) indicated in the bitmap information. This information may be used to execute handover procedures.
- aspects of the invention provide increased accuracy with respect to presenting the shape and quality of service in a cell.
- Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for distributing, receiving and sharing cell coverage information.
- raw cell coverage data is measured by mobile terminals, identifying minimally a geographic location and signal strength.
- Raw cell coverage data may be used to calculate models of cell coverage information, including bitmaps.
- Raw cell coverage information and/or cell coverage models may be distributed using broadcast systems, shared by other mobile terminals, downloaded from the Internet, or otherwise sent and received among electronic devices.
- Figure 1 is a prior art depiction of a mobile terminal moving through a group of cell signals defined using a single signal level
- Figure 2 is a prior art depiction of a spherical rectangle representation of a single cell coverage area
- Figure 3 is a prior art depiction of a mobile terminal moving through a group of cell signals defined using spherical rectangles;
- Figure 4 depicts a mobile terminal moving through a group of cell signals displayed using shades to represent signal strength levels
- Figure 5 is a prior art depiction of a mobile terminal moving through a pair of cell signals defined using a single signal level
- Figure 6 is a prior art depiction of a mobile terminal moving through a pair of cell signals defined using spherical rectangles
- Figure 7A shows a set of measurements of signal strength taken within a cell coverage area according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 7B shows principles for mapping a cell coverage area into a bitmap according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figures 8A and 8B show examples of mapping differently shaped signal coverage areas into bitmaps according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 9 shows advanced determination of location based on cell coverage information and signal strength measurements according to the invention according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 10 shows a process for generating a cell description table or any other signaling item and transmitting it according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 11 shows a high level description of a process for bitmap information creation according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 12 shows a process for generating a cell description table and transmitting it to a mobile terminal in a DVB network according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 13 shows a process for receiving a cell description table from a DVB network, parsing it, and using it in a mobile terminal according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 14 depicts a data structure for expressing vector information according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 15 depicts a functional diagram of a mobile terminal including cell coverage information according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figures 16A and 16B depict a mobile terminal moving through a group of cell signals defined using bitmap cell coverage information according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 17 depicts a mobile terminal in communication with a selection of devices according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 18 depicts a mobile terminal in communication with a second mobile terminal and a server according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 19 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information request according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 20 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information reply according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 21 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information push according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Embodiments of the invention provide a signaling method which can be used to improve mobility in cell networks, including DVB-T/H networks. Specifically, determination and signaling of the coverage area of a cell, including the size of the cell and its location.
- FIG. 7A shows a set of measurements of signal strength taken within a cell coverage area 701 according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- the signal strength values may be received from one or more terminals which may be mobile or remain in a fixed location.
- the received strength values are analyzed, for example statistically compared to values provided by other terminals and other measurement devices.
- the values are recorded as geographic locations, possibly using conventional longitude and latitude, along with signal strengths, possibly measured in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm).
- the measured strength values shown in the figure are depicted as having only three signal levels (no/weak/strong), in certain embodiments the measured values may fall into a much broader range.
- the range of values could then be categorized using ranges.
- the number of ranges depends on several factors, including the desired size of the data file, the total extent of the range of values, and the need for more detailed strength measurements when making handover decisions.
- the number of ranges can greatly affect the size of the file.
- FIG. 7B depicts a step in one or more possible methods for generating a bitmap from the raw signal data.
- One method involves interpolating the raw measured values into regions, similar to weak signal region 702 and strong signal region 703. This involves drawing borders based on the signal values set forth for the ranges, in an effort to encompass all similar signal strengths inside one or more contiguous regions.
- a cell unit grid is effectively used to break the larger, more detailed interpolated cell coverage regions into a smaller, more manageable bitmap file. For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, if the original cell coverage area was three kilometers by three kilometers, and the final bitmap file was set to have an area of 150 pixels by 150 pixels, then each pixel would represent 400 square meters (20 m by 20 m) (calculated by 9,000,000 m 2 / 22,500 pixels).
- the cell unit grid does not necessarily need squares or rectangles to break down cell coverage. It may also use triangles or hexagons. When multiple regions intersect a particular cell unit, the pixel value may be decided by determining which region predominates within the cell unit.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show examples of mapping differently shaped signal coverage areas into bitmaps according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- cell coverage area 801 is mapped into cell unit grid 811.
- cell coverage area 802 is mapped into cell unit grid 812.
- each cell unit may encompass larger or smaller areas.
- the number of signal strength ranges may be varied as well. For example, cell unit grid 811 only uses two signal levels, whereas cell unit grid 812 uses three signal levels.
- FIG. 9 depicts mobile terminal 101 moving in direction 102 is able to determine that it is somewhere within shaded region 901. This is based on being able to receive the stronger signal from Cell A at the same time as receiving the weaker signal from Cell C and knowing the boundaries of the stronger and weaker signals.
- CDT Cell Descriptor Table
- table id identifier of the table.
- section_syntax_indicator The section syntax indicator is a 1-bit field which shall be set to "1".
- sectionjength This is a 12-bit field, the first two bits of which shall be "00". It specifies the number of bytes of the section, starting immediately following the section_length field and including the CRC.
- celMd This is a 16-bit field which uniquely identifies a cell.
- version number This 5-bit field is the version number of the sub-table.
- the version number shall be incremented by 1 when a change in the information carried within the sub table occurs. When it reaches value 31, it wraps around to 0.
- the version number shall be that of the currently applicable sub_table defined by the table_id, platform id and action_type.
- the version number shall be that of the next applicable sub table defined by the table_id, platform id and action type.
- current_next_indicator This 1-bit indicator, when set to 1 I' indicates that the subjable is the currently applicable sub table. When the bit is set to 1 O', it indicates that the sub table sent is not yet applicable and shall be the next sub table to be valid.
- sectionjiumber This 8-bit field gives the number of the section.
- the section_number of the first section in the sub table shall be "0x00".
- the sectionjiumber shall be incremented by 1 with each additional section with the same table_id, platform_id and actionjype.
- last_section_number This 8-bit field indicates the number of the last section (that is, the section with the highest section_number) of the sub_table of which this section is part.
- width This 8-bit field specifies the width of the bitmap in pixels.
- height This 8-bit field specifies the height of the bitmap in pixels.
- latitude This 25-bit field tells the geographical position of the lower-left (southwest) corner of the bitmap. This field shall be set to the two's complement value of the latitude, referenced to the WGS-84 reference ellipsoid, in units of 180/2
- [63] byte This is an 8-bit field. An array of byte fields specify the bitstring of bitmap data compressed using the method specified in compression field. If necessary, the bitstring is padded with 'O'-bits to meet the final 8-bit boundary at the end of data.
- celMd extension This 8-bit field is used to identify a subcell within a cell, for which a separate bitmap is available, perhaps providing more detailed data.
- subcell_width see width.
- subcell height see height.
- subcell_scale see scale.
- subcell_hi_bound see hi bound.
- subcell depth see depth.
- subcell_data_length see datajength.
- CRC_32 This is a 32-bit field that contains the CRC value that gives a zero output of the registers in the decoder defined in EN 300 468 after processing the entire private section.
- FIG. 10 depicts a process for generating a cell description table or any other signaling item and transmitting it according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- the free field signal strengths for a particular cell are measured using either mobile or stationary devices.
- the devices may include mobile terminals capable of consuming cell signal content, and may also include dedicated measurement devices.
- the measured strengths are converted into cell coverage bitmaps, such as described above.
- an entry in a cell description table is created for the cell, including within it metadata about the cell and its bitmap representation, as well as the bitmap itself.
- the generated signaling item such as the entry in the cell description table is transmitted for storage or use by mobile terminals.
- FIG. 11 shows a high level description of a process for bitmap information creation according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- a computing unit 1101 resides within a mobile terminal, or within a server or other computing device.
- Computing unit 1101 takes input data 1102 about a cell coverage area, for example measurements of signal strength taken at various points around the cell.
- Computing unit uses configuration parameters 1103 in transforming the input data into a data file 1104 representation of the cell coverage area, perhaps in the form of a bitmap.
- Configuration parameters 1103 may include the number of signal strength ranges that should be used, the size and shape of the cell units used to model the cell, and other relevant parameters which effect the creation of data file 1104.
- FIG. 12 shows one possible process for generating and transmitting a cell description table to a mobile terminal in a DVB network according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Data file 1201 residing in server 1202, is used to create an entry in a CDT table 1203.
- Data file 1201 is made up of a bitmap file, or other file capable of providing cell unit strength values in a similar fashion.
- CDT table 1203, including one or more cell entries, is passed to multiplexer 1204 in a digital video broadcast network (DVB).
- DVD digital video broadcast network
- Multiplexer 1204 combines CDT tables with other digital content for broadcast as MPEG-TS transport streams from transmission station 1205.
- the broadcast DVB-H/T signals are received by mobile terminals 1206 and 1207 which can then parse the cell coverage information from the CDT tables embedded in the signals.
- cells transmit their own signaling items, including bitmaps of cell coverage, in addition to those of their neighboring cells.
- mobile terminal 101 can make predictions about signal strength in the direction in which it is traveling, and make educated handover decisions based on bitmap information from surrounding cells.
- aspects of the invention enable a mobile terminal to avoid making unnecessary signal measurements, since signal strengths are known to a level of certainty. This amounts to a power savings since the mobile terminal's radio can be strategically powered down.
- FIG. 13 shows a process for receiving a cell description table from a DVB network, parsing it, and using it in a mobile terminal according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- a mobile terminal receives a DVB-H/T signal including digital video broadcast content, as well as at least one signaling item, such as a CDT table entry.
- the mobile terminal parses the bitmap information from the signaling item received.
- a map of the cell coverage area is created, and optionally overlaid with other maps of surrounding cells.
- Adjustments may need to be made to the newly received map in order to integrate it into the multi-cell map, such as accounting for disparities in strength ranges and cell unit scales (in the case of a CDT type signaling item, these values may be parsed from the CDT metadata).
- signal availability is determined based on the multi-cell map created, and by analyzing movement of the device through space.
- this information is used to make educated cell choices when needing to make a handover to an adjacent cell.
- Other methods for using signaling items such as a cell coverage bitmap to make educated cell handover decisions are available.
- FIG. 14 depicts a data structure for expressing vector information (e.g., vector 102 in FIG. 4), according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Datagram 1400 comprises header information 1401 (such as the source IP address and the destination address) and data payload 1437.
- datagram 1400 comprises geographical position information about a source device corresponding to a option type data field 1440, an option length data field 1441, a reserved data field 1449, a version data field 1451, a datum data field 1453, a latitude data field 1403, a longitude data field 1405, an altitude data fields 1407 and 1439, velocity data fields 1409, 141 1, 1413, and 1415, location uncertainty data fields 1417, 1419, 1421, 1423, and 1425, velocity uncertainty data fields 1427, 1429, 1431, and 1433, and time data field 1435.
- Time data field 1435 is a 40-bit field that contains the current time and data in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and Modified Julian Date (MJD).
- Field 1435 is coded as 16 bits providing 16 LSBs of the MJD followed by 24 bits that represent 6 digits in a 4-bit Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD).
- BCD Binary-Coded Decimal
- the geographical information is contained in a destination options header or in a hop-by-hop header, in compliance with RFC 2460.
- a destination options header and a hop-by-hop header may be contained in the same datagram.
- the full width corresponds to 32 bits (4 octets).
- the data fields may be contained in a header that is compatible with RFC 2460.
- version data field 1451 is an 8-bit field that indicates the version of the message header.
- Datum data field 1453 is an 8-bit field that indicates the used map datum (e.g., standard MIL-STD-2401) for determining the geographical position.
- Latitude data field 1403 is a 32-bit field that indicates the latitude value of the source device (e.g., corresponding to an approximate location of terminal node 107) presented in ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985 format.
- Longitude data field 1405 is a 32-bit field that indicates the longitude value of the source device presented in ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985 format.
- Alt indicator data field 1439 is a 1-bit field indicating the use of altitude information.
- Altitude data field is a 16-bit field that indicates the altitude value of the source device presented in ANSI/IEEE Std 754-1985 format.
- Velocity indicator data field 1409 is a 1-bit field indicating the use of velocity information. If velocity information is included, this field is set to T. Otherwise this field is set to 1 O'.
- Heading data field 1411 is a 16-bit field that indicates the direction where the mobile node is moving. If velocity indicator data field 1409 is set to 1 O', this field is ignored. Otherwise, this field is included and is set to the angle of axis of horizontal velocity uncertainty, in units of 5.625 degrees, in the range from 0 to 84,375 degrees, where 0 degrees is True North and the angle increases toward the East.
- Vertical velocity data field 1413 is an 8-bit field, which indicates the vertical velocity of the mobile node. Vertical velocity data field 1413 is used if field 1409 is set to T. Horizontal velocity data field 1415 is a 16-bit field that indicates the horizontal velocity of the mobile node. If velocity indicator is set to '1', this field is in use. Once used, the horizontal speed is set in units of 0.25 m/s, in the range from 0 to 511.75 m/s. Otherwise this field is ignored.
- Loc_Unc_H indicator data field 1417 is a 1-bit field which indicates the horizontal position uncertainty, including elliptical. If elliptical horizontal position uncertainty information is included in this response element, this field is set to '1'. Otherwise, this field is set to 1 O'.
- Loc_Unc angle data field 1419 (angle of axis of the standard error ellipse for horizontal position uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating the angle of axis of the standard error ellipse for horizontal position uncertainty. If Loc Unc H indicator field 1417 is set to 1 O', this field is ignored.
- Loc Unc A data field 1421 (standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal position uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating the Standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal position uncertainty. If Loc Unc A data field 1421 is set to 1 O', this field is ignored. Otherwise, this field is included and is set to represent the standard deviation of the horizontal position error along the axis corresponding to LocJJnc angle data field 1419.
- Loc Unc P data field 1423 (standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal position uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal position uncertainty. If Loc_Unc P data field 1423 is set to 1 O', this field is ignored. Otherwise, this field is included and is set to represent the standard deviation of the horizontal position error perpendicular to the axis corresponding to Loc Unc angle data field 1419.
- Loc Unc vertical data field 1425 (standard deviation of vertical error for position uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating standard deviation of vertical error for position uncertainty.
- Vel_Unc angle data field 1427 (angle of axis of standard error ellipse for horizontal velocity uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating the angle of axis of standard error ellipse for horizontal velocity uncertainty. If VeMJnc angle data field 1427 is set to 1 O', this field is ignored. Otherwise, this field is set to the angle of axis for horizontal velocity uncertainty, in units of 5.625 degrees, in the range from 0 to 84,375 degrees, where 0 degrees is True North and the angle increases toward the East.
- VeMJnc A data field 1429 (standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal velocity uncertainty is a 8-bit field indicating standard deviation of error along angle specified for horizontal velocity uncertainty.
- VeMJnc P data field data field 1431 (standard deviation of error perpendicular to angle specified for horizontal velocity uncertainty) is a 8-bit field indicating standard deviation of error perpendicular to angle specified for horizontal velocity uncertainty. If velocity indicator data field 1409 is set to T, this field is included and is set to represent the standard deviation of the horizontal velocity error perpendicular to the angle corresponding to VeMJnc angle data field 1427. Otherwise, this field is ignored.
- VeMJnc vertical data field 1433 (standard deviation of vertical velocity error) is an 8-bit field indicating the standard deviation of vertical velocity error.
- location uncertainty data fields 1419-1425 may be used to define a geographical area, where the data of location uncertainty data fields may not be as specified by Standards, but can be used by an application for conveying region information. In such a case, the application could recognize the use of location uncertainty data fields 1419-1425 and/or the variation from the specification as indicated in some other field of the header.
- FIG. 15 depicts a functional diagram of mobile terminal 101 including multiple forms of cell coverage information (CCI) according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Mobile terminal 101 includes memory 1501, either volatile or non-volatile, for storing CCI.
- CCI may be stored in a database format, where information is stored in fields or columns, and multiple entries appear as rows.
- CCI may also be stored as individual bitmaps in a multi-cell map, or simply stored as individual files in memory or a file system. Aspects of the invention provide that CCI may be stored using either one of two principles, although one skilled in the art will recognize that additional forms of cell coverage information may be used..
- Principle I data 1505 includes cell coverage data that has been analyzed and formatted into a bitmap or similar format, and includes cell coverage metadata.
- Principle I includes CCI stored in the previously described CDT table format.
- Principle II data 1506 includes raw point cell coverage data in the form of point locations (e.g., latitude and longitude) coupled with signal strengths (e.g., dBm). Either form of cell coverage information may be stored and used by mobile terminal 101, although Principle II data 1506 requires more processing in order to be useful in handover decisions.
- Mobile terminal 101 may include multiple forms of reception and transmission functionality. Although three particular functions are shown, more or less may be used to take advantage of embodiments of the invention.
- GPS 1502 relies on signals received from satellites to determine the latitude and longitude of the mobile terminal's current location. Other positioning systems may provide alternatives to GPS 1502, including assisted GPS (AGPS).
- RF component 1503 may be used to receive a primary signal of interest, for example a DVB-T/H broadcast signal.
- Mobile terminal 101 may, in addition to using CCI to find the strongest signal, may create its own Principle II CCI, recording location and signal strength throughout the cell coverage area.
- Other wireless components (not shown) may use short range radio or optical standards to communicate with nearby devices.
- a mobile terminal 101 may be able to maintain data about multiple cells simultaneously. By examining surrounding cell coverage, and predicting the direction and speed of motion, mobile terminal 101 can perform handover operations that maintain continuous coverage and are less likely to fade.
- One method of maintaining data about multiple cells is to combine Principle I bitmap data into one large dynamic cell coverage map and tracking location and velocity of mobile terminal 101 on the map.
- 16A depicts mobile terminal 101 moving along vector 102 through a group of cell signals defined using bitmap cell coverage information according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Mobile terminal 101 is leaving cell 1603 and must select a destination cell for a handover from among cell 1601 or cell 1602, or possibly even unknown cell 1610.
- mobile terminal 101 can predict its immediate destination and determine that it does not have Principle I CCI for the empty portion of unknown cell 1603.
- Mobile terminal 101 may be able to infer coverage if it had Principle II raw coverage points within the missing cell, but such calculations would require more time and processing power.
- FIG. 16B zooms in on FIG. 16A, displaying the cell units in larger form.
- Mobile terminal 1608 is a smaller handheld device, whereas mobile terminal 1606 is of the same type as mobile terminal 101.
- FIG. 17 depicts a mobile terminal in communication with a selection of devices according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- mobile terminal 101 needs missing CCI for a particular cell or geographic location, and it checks a series of potential sources, although not necessarily in the order set forth below.
- One possible source of CCI data is the broadcast stream coming from broadcast transmitter 1701, along path A.
- the signal delivered by transmitter 1701 e.g., a DVB-T/H signal
- This CCI is sourced from cell coverage information center 1705, which includes server 1703 (or more likely multiple servers) and cell coverage database 1704 (CCD).
- mobile terminal 101 may attempt to sense other mobile terminals, using a wireless communication scheme, such as Bluetooth, WiFi, IrDA, UWB, or some other ad hoc signaling method that allows peer-to-peer communications.
- a wireless communication scheme such as Bluetooth, WiFi, IrDA, UWB, or some other ad hoc signaling method that allows peer-to-peer communications.
- both mobile terminals 1605 and 1606 may be within range.
- Path B represents a wireless conversation between mobile terminal 101 and smaller mobile terminal 1605.
- mobile terminal 1605 may contain CCI for the cell in question, it may be of the wrong class, since the devices have different viewing dimensions and sizes.
- Path C represents a wireless conversation between mobile terminal 101 and similar mobile terminal 1606. If mobile terminal 1606 has the data desired, it can respond with the appropriate signaling item, such as a CDT table. If mobile terminal 1606 does not have the data, it may be able to provide mobile terminal 101 with a location for the information. For example, mobile terminal 1606 may be able to provide an IP address, username and password from which mobile terminal 101 can transfer the data (via PPP, FTP, HTTP, etc.).
- mobile terminal 101 may communicate with another mobile terminal using a cellular data call, via the Internet, via SMS, or via some other indirect communication method.
- Messages to mobile terminals may also be sent via a broadcast network, such as a DVB-T/H network, where incoming messages are sent to the DVB-T/H network via SMS, MMS, Internet connection, or ad hoc signaling systems. These incoming messages are then forwarded via the broadcast signal to a recipient mobile terminal.
- a broadcast network such as a DVB-T/H network
- Path D represents a cellular conversation between mobile terminal 101 and cell coverage center 1705 via cell tower 1702.
- Mobile terminal 101 may be able to make a data call, and download the proper CCI directly.
- Path E represents a conversation (either wired or wireless) between mobile terminal 101 and cell coverage center 1705 via a network 1706, such as the Internet or an intranet.
- a wireless conversation may take place via a cellular system or a WiFi connection.
- a wired conversation may take place via a sync cable or other direct connection with a computer or a network.
- mobile terminal 101 may be able to download the proper CCI directly, perhaps using an IP address, username, and password previously provided by mobile terminal 1606.
- Other methods of communication between mobile terminal 101 and cell coverage information center 1705 are conceivable, both wired and wireless.
- FIG. 18 depicts mobile terminal 101 in communication with similar mobile terminal 1606 and CCI server 1703 according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- Message A represents an initial query or discovery, referred to as a CCI Discovery message.
- the components of the message are set forth in the table below.
- the CCI Discovery message is received by mobile terminal 1606, which then replies with a standardized reply, Message B, also known as a CCI Reply.
- Message B also known as a CCI Reply.
- the components of this message are set forth below.
- mobile terminal 101 may make a specific request, assuming similar mobile terminal 1606 had CCI metadata within the range sought by the discovery.
- Message C also known as a CCI Request, is broken down below.
- the receiving terminal 1606 Upon receiving the CCI Request, the receiving terminal 1606 responds with Message D, another CCI Reply, the components of which are set forth below.
- mobile terminal 101 may initiate an FTP or HTTP download (Message E) of the data from server 1703. Alternatively, mobile terminal 101 may initiate a PPP conversation with server 1703, possibly using CCI Discoveries, CCI Requests and CCI Replies to retrieve CCI data, as before.
- mobile terminal 101 If mobile terminal 101 has been gathering Principle II CCI signal values, it may need to offload them to server 1703 at cell coverage information center 1705 (not shown). To perform this operation, mobile terminal 101 uses a CCI Push message (Message F) to push the data to server 1703, where it can be stored, analyzed, converted to Principle I data, and forwarded to other mobile terminals.
- CCI Push message Message F
- the substance of a CCI Push message is set forth below.
- FIG. 19 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information request according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- available receivers such as DVB-T/H receivers
- a timer is set for a specific period of time at step 1903. When the timer expires, control returns to step 1901, again seeking available receivers. If receivers, such as other mobile terminals, are available, then a CCI Discovery or CCI Request can be forwarded to the receiving device.
- FIG. 20 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information reply according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- a listener is set up to wait for incoming CCI Discoveries or CCI Requests. If no requests are forthcoming, at decision 2002, then control returns to step 2001. If a request is received, then processing of the request is handled at step 2003. If the incoming message is a discovery, the appropriate information is assembled, and if the message is a request, likewise that information is assembled.
- the CCI Reply is transmitted back to the requesting terminal.
- FIG. 21 illustrates a process for issuing a cell coverage information push according to one or more aspects of an embodiment of the invention.
- the server connection is created at step 2102. If the connection is successful at decision 2103, then at step 2104, the appropriate CCI data and metadata and/or discovery information are sent as a CCI Push. If no connection was needed at decision 2101, then step 2104 assembles the CCI Push in the same fashion. Once the CCI Push is issued, or if the connection attempt failed, control terminates normally.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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Also Published As
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US20050192031A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
EP1851989A1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
AU2006217603A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CN101138270A (en) | 2008-03-05 |
US7369861B2 (en) | 2008-05-06 |
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