WO2006124405A2 - Removable embolus blood clot filter - Google Patents
Removable embolus blood clot filter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006124405A2 WO2006124405A2 PCT/US2006/017889 US2006017889W WO2006124405A2 WO 2006124405 A2 WO2006124405 A2 WO 2006124405A2 US 2006017889 W US2006017889 W US 2006017889W WO 2006124405 A2 WO2006124405 A2 WO 2006124405A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal axis
- filter
- hub
- locator
- hook
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2/0105—Open ended, i.e. legs gathered only at one side
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2/0103—With centering means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2002/016—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from wire-like elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
- A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0028—Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
- A61F2230/005—Rosette-shaped, e.g. star-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0067—Three-dimensional shapes conical
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0073—Quadric-shaped
- A61F2230/008—Quadric-shaped paraboloidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0037—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0039—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0096—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
- A61F2250/0098—Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
Definitions
- This invention relates to a filter device that can be placed in a blood vessel to reduce the risk of embolisms and, if needed, removed from the blood vessel without causing traumatic damage to the blood vessel.
- vena cava filters which expand and are held in position by engagement with the inner wall of a vein, such as the vena cava.
- vena cava filters are designed to remain in place permanently.
- filters include structure to anchor the filter in place within the vena cava, such as elongate diverging anchor members with hooked ends that penetrate the vessel wall and positively prevent migration in either direction longitudinally of the vessel.
- the hooks on filters of this type are rigid and will not bend, and within two to six weeks after a filter of this type has been implanted, the endothelium layer grows over the diverging anchor members and positively locks the hooks in place. Now any attempt to remove the filter results in a risk of injury to or rupture of the vena cava.
- a number of conditions and medical procedures subject the patient to a short term risk of pulmonary embolism which can be alleviated by a filter implant.
- patients are often averse to receiving a permanent implant, for the risk of pulmonary embolism may disappear after a period of several weeks or months.
- most existing filters are not easily or safely removable after they have remained in place for more than two weeks, and consequently longer-term temporary filters that do not result in the likelihood of injury to the vessel wall upon removal are not available.
- a filter to be placed in a flow of blood through a vessel includes a hub, at least one anchor, and at least one locator.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the at least one anchor projects from the hub and includes a hook that penetrates a wall of the blood vessel when the filter is placed in the blood vessel.
- the hook can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub and spaced a first radial distance from longitudinal axis.
- the at least one locator has a tip or portion of the locator that engages the wall of the vessel.
- the tip can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub and spaced a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis.
- the second radial distance can be less than the first radial distance.
- the at least one locator has at least four portions and each of the portions can be disposed on respective distinct axes.
- the various embodiments also provides for a filter to be placed in a flow of blood through a vessel.
- the filter includes a hub, at least one anchor, and at least one locator.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the at least one anchor projects from the hub and includes a hook that penetrates a wall of the blood vessel when the filter is placed in the blood vessel.
- the hook can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub and spaced a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis.
- the at least one locator projects from the hub and has a tip or portion of the locator that engages the wall of the vessel.
- the tip can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub and spaced a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis where the second radial distance can be less than the first radial distance.
- the locator can be disposed proximate the hub and has at least four portions, and each of the at least four portions can be disposed on respective distinct axes.
- the at least four portions can include a curved portion being disposed on a radius of curvature that extends along the longitudinal axis.
- a filter is provided to be placed in a flow of blood through a vessel.
- the filter includes a hub, at least one anchor and at least one locator.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the at least one anchor projects from the hub and includes a hook that penetrates a wall of the blood vessel when the filter is placed in the blood vessel, spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and spaced a first radial distance from longitudinal axis.
- the at least one locator projects from the hub and has a tip or portion of the locator that engages the wall of the vessel.
- the tip can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and spaced a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis, where the second radial distance can be less than the first radial distance.
- the locator has a first portion distal to the hub and a second portion proximal to the hub. Each of the first and second portions can be generally linear and disposed on distinct axes oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis, where the length of the first portion can be greater than a length of the second portion.
- a filter is provided to be placed in a flow of blood through a vessel.
- the filter includes a hub, at least one anchor and at least one locator.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the at least one anchor projects from the hub and includes a hook that penetrates a wall of the blood vessel, spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and spaced a first radial distance from the longitudinal axis.
- the at least one locator projects from the hub and has a tip or portion of the locator that engages the wall of the vessel.
- the tip can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and spaced a second radial distance from the longitudinal axis, where the second radial distance can be less than the first radial distance.
- the locator has first and second portions oblique to the longitudinal axis. The first portion can be distal to the hub, and a second portion can be proximal to the hub, where a length of the first portion being greater than a length of the second portion.
- a filter is provided to be placed in a blood vessel that includes a blood vessel wall.
- the filter includes a hub, and a first and a second set of members.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- Each of the first set of members extends from the hub.
- Each of the first set of members includes a hook spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, each hook being spaced radially from the longitudinal axis a first distance.
- Each of the second set of members extends from the hub and includes a tip being spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub. Each tip can be spaced radially from the longitudinal axis a second distance less than the first distance.
- a filter to be placed in a blood vessel includes a hub, a plurality of anchors and a plurality of locators.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the plurality of anchors branches from the hub.
- Each anchor includes a hook that: (i) penetrates a wall of the blood vessel, (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis a first distance.
- the plurality of locators branches from the hub.
- Each locator includes a base portion proximate the hub, a first portion that extends from the base portion and along a first axis, a second portion that extends from the first portion and along a second axis, which can be distinct from the first axis, and a tip portion that extends from the second portion and along a tip axis, which can be distinct from the first and second axes.
- the tip portion (i) engages the wall of the blood vessel, (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis a second distance, which can be less than the first radial distance.
- a filter to be placed in a blood vessel includes a hub, a plurality of anchors and a plurality of locators.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the plurality of anchors branches from the hub.
- Each anchor includes a hook that: (i) penetrates a wall of the blood vessel, (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis a first distance.
- the plurality of locators branches from the hub.
- Each locator includes a base portion proximate the hub, a tip portion that (i) can engage the wall of the blood vessel, (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis a second distance, which can be less than the first radial distance, and an intermediate portion coupling the base and tip portion.
- the intermediate portion can include a first linear segment extending from the base portion a first length along a first axis, which can be oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis and a second linear segment extending between the tip portion and first portions a second length, which can be greater than the first length, and along a second axis, which can be oblique respect to the longitudinal axis and can be distinct from the first axis.
- a filter is provided.
- the filter is to be placed in a flow of blood contained by a wall of a blood vessel.
- the filter includes a hub that extends along a longitudinal axis and at least one first member having first and 89
- the filter also includes at least one second member having third and fourth generally linear segments.
- the first segment defines a portion of a first cone when the first segment is rotated about the longitudinal axis.
- the second segment defines a cylinder when the second segment is rotated about the longitudinal axis.
- the third and fourth segments define respective portions of a third and fourth cones when each of the segments is rotated about the longitudinal axis. At least one of the third and fourth segments has a hook portion that penetrates the wall of a blood vessel.
- a blood filter is provided to be placed in a flow of blood contained by a wall of a blood vessel.
- the filter includes a hub, at least one anchor and a plurality of locators.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis extending generally parallel to the flow of blood.
- the at least one anchor includes a hook that penetrates the wall of the vessel.
- the at least one anchor defines a generator of a first conical shape about a longitudinal axis.
- the first conical shape includes: (i) an apex disposed proximate the hub, each anchor (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis at a first distance.
- the plurality of locators branches from the hub and defines a first frustum having a geometric centroid along the longitudinal axis.
- a filter in yet another aspect, can be placed in a flow of blood contained by a wall of a blood vessel.
- the filter includes a hub, a plurality of anchors, and a plurality of locators.
- the hub can be disposed along a longitudinal axis.
- the plurality of anchors branches from the hub.
- Each anchor can include a hook that (i) penetrates a wall of the blood vessel, (ii) can be spaced along the longitudinal axis from the hub, and (iii) can be radially spaced from the longitudinal axis a first distance.
- the plurality of locators branches from the hub.
- Each locator includes a base portion extending arcuately from the hub.
- the base portion has a radius of curvature about a transverse axis located at a second distance generally radially from the longitudinal axis.
- Each of the locators has a tip contiguous to the wall of the vessel. A portion of the tip closest to the hub can be spaced at a third distance along the longitudinal axis from the hub and spaced a fourth radial distance from the longitudinal axis, the fourth radial distance being less than the third distance.
- the various embodiments described above may further include a radio-opaque material on or as part of the filter hub. Also, the various embodiments described above may further include a bio-active agent incorporated with or as part of the filter.
- the various embodiments further provide a method of centering a blood filtering device within a blood vessel having a plurality of locators extending from a hub to define a first volume and a plurality of anchors extending from the hub to define a second volume.
- the method can be achieved by enclosing more than 15 percent of the second volume in the first volume, and engaging a hook provided on each locator onto a wall of the blood vessel.
- Figure 1 is a top down perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the blood filter.
- Figure 2 is a bottom up perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the filter of Figure 1 on longitudinal axis A.
- Figure 4A is a side view of the filter viewed along view 4A-4A in Figure 3.
- Figure 4B is a side view of one arm or locator member of the filter of Figure 1.
- Figure 5 A is a side view of the filter viewed along view 5A-5A in Figure 3.
- Figure 5B is a side view of one locator member of the filter of Figure 1.
- Figure 5C is a side view of an alternative locator arrangement having a retention member disposed on the locator.
- Figure 5D is a side view of another locator arrangement having a support member to reduce or prevent penetration of a blood vessel wall by the locator.
- Figure 6 is a close up side view of a hook of the anchor member for the filter of Figure 1.
- Figure 7 is a shaded perspective view of a volume generated by the locator member outside of a hub as it rotates or sweeps around longitudinal axis A.
- Figure 8 is a shaded perspective view of a volume generated by the anchor member outside the hub as the anchor member is rotated or sweeps around the longitudinal axis A.
- Figure 9 illustrate the volume of the anchor member visible outside the volume of the locator member.
- Figures 10-14 illustrate yet another preferred embodiment having a retrieving hook portion.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the preferred embodiments. Referring to Figure 1, a filter 100 is illustrated in a perspective view.
- the filter 100 includes a hub 10, locator member 20, and anchor member 30 that has a hook 40.
- the filter 100 can be made from a plurality of elongate wires, which are preferably metal, such as, for example, Elgiloy, and more preferably are a super elastic shape memory alloy, such as Nitinol.
- the wires are held together at the filter trailing end by a hub 10 by a suitable connection technique, such as, for example, welding, laser welding, or plasma welding or being bonded together.
- the wires are plasma welded.
- wire refers to any elongated member of narrow cross section, including rods, bars, tubes, wire and narrow sections cut from thin plate, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to elongated members of circular cross section, cut from wire stock or manufacture according to a particular, method of metal forming.
- the locator member 20 has a proximal locator end 2OP and a distal locator end 2OD.
- the anchor member 30 has a proximal anchor end 30P and a distal anchor end 3OD.
- the distal anchor end 3OD can be provided, as shown in Figure 6, with hook 40.
- the locator member 30 may be provided with a plurality of locator segments, preferably between 3 and 6 segments and more preferably four locator segments LSI, LS2, LS3, LS4.
- First locator segment LSI may be a curved portion extending away from the hub in a first direction along the longitudinal axis A.
- the second locator segment LS2 extends generally linearly along a second axis 110;
- third locator segment LS3 extends generally linearly along a third axis 120;
- the fourth locator segment LS4 extends generally linearly along a fourth axis 130.
- the various axes A, 110, 120, 130, and 140 are distinct from one another in that each may intersect with one another but none of them are substantially collinear with each other.
- the locator segment LS2 may be distinct from locator segment LS3 by virtue of a joint or bend LJl.
- the locator segment LS3 may be distinct from locator segment LS4 /-UlUl I ley L/u ⁇ nci ⁇ *w.. ⁇ v i « w «_ . . ⁇ via a join or bend LJ2.
- the joint or bend LJl or LJ2 can be viewed as a location formed by the intersection of the segments defining a radiused portion connecting any two segments.
- the locators 20 may range from 3 to 12 locators.
- the filter embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4A includes six locators that are generally equiangularly spaced about axis A.
- locator segment LSI extends through an arc with a radius of curvature R 1 whose center may be located along an axis orthogonal to axis A over a radially transverse distance d 3 and over a longitudinal distance L 4 as measured from a terminal surface 12 of the hub 10 along an axis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis A.
- the locator segment LS2 extends along axis 110 to form a first angle G 1 with respect to the longitudinal axis A whereas the locator segment LS3 extends along axis 120 to form second angle ⁇ 2 .
- the first locator joint or bend LJl may be located at a longitudinal length Ll generally parallel to axis A from the terminal surface 12.
- the first locator joint or bend LJl may be also located at a distance of about one-half distance "di" from axis A on a generally orthogonal axis with respect to axis A as shown in Fig. 4A 5 where the distance d t is the distance between inside facing surfaces of respective diametrically disposed locators 20.
- the second locator joint LJ2 may be located over a longitudinal length L 2 generally parallel to axis A.
- the second locator join LJ2 may be located over a distance of about one-half diameter "d 2 " from axis A.
- the distance d 2 is the distance between the outermost surface of the fourth segment LS4 of respective diametrically disposed locators 20.
- the thickness of locator member 20 is t ⁇ . Where the locator member 20 is a wire of circular cross-section, the thickness ti of the locator 20 may be the diameter of the wire.
- a range of values may be used for the aforementioned dimensional parameters in order to provide locator members that will locate the filter within the vein or vessel in which the filter is to be applied in a manner that positions segment LS4 approximately parallel to the walls of the vein or vessel and provides sufficient lateral force against the vein or vessel wall to center the filter but not so much force as to cause injury to the wall.
- a filter intended to be placed in a narrow vein or vessel such as a human infant or canine vena cava
- a narrow vein or vessel such as a human infant or canine vena cava
- the radius of curvature R 1 is from about 0.02 inches to about 0.1 inches with the center of the radius R 1 being located over a distance d 3 from the axis A of about 0.1 inches and length L 4 of about 0.2 inches; the length L 1 is about 0.3 inches; length L 2 is about 0.9 inches; distance d ⁇ (as measured to the inside facing surfaces of diametrically disposed locators 20) is about 0.8 inches; distance d 2 is about 1.5 inches, the first angle O 1 is about 58 degrees, the second angle O 2 is about 22 degrees; and the thickness tl of the locator is about 0.013 inches. It should be noted that the values given herein are approximate, representing a dimension within a range of suitable dimensions for the particular embodiment illustrated in the figures, and that any suitable values can be used as long as the values allow the filter to function as intended in a blood vessel of a subject.
- the hub 10 can be provided with an internal cylindrical opening with a diameter of about two times the distance d 8 .
- Each of the plurality of anchor members 30 can be provided with a first anchor segment LAl, a portion of which is disposed within the hub 10, connected to a second anchor segment LA2 by a first anchor joint or bend AJl, which can be connected to a third anchor segment LA3 via a second anchor joint or bend AJ2.
- the third anchor segment LA3 can be connected to the hook 40 via third anchor joint or bend AJ3.
- the first anchor segment LAl extends obliquely with respect to axis A.
- the second anchor segment LA2 extends along axis 130 oblique with respect to the axis A over an angle O 3 with respect to the longitudinal axis A.
- the third anchor segment LA3 extends along axis 140 oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis A over an angle ⁇ 4 .
- the second anchor joint or bend AJ2 can be located at a sixth longitudinal distance L6 as measured on an axis generally / ⁇ ii ⁇ Ji ney ⁇ uor ⁇ i ⁇ u.. ⁇ iu ⁇ » u U-- > .
- the third anchor joint AJ3 can be located at a seventh longitudinal distance L7 as measured along an axis generally parallel to axis A and at a transverse distance of about one-half distance d 7 as measured on an axis orthogonal to the axis A between the inner surfaces of two generally diametric anchors 30.
- the thickness of anchor member 30 is nominally t2. Where the anchor member 30 is a wire of circular cross-section, the thickness t2 of the anchor 30 may be the diameter of the wire.
- the hook 40 may be contiguous to a plane located at a longitudinal distance of LlO as measured to the terminal surface 12 of hub 10.
- the hook 40 can be characterized by a radius of curvature R2, in its expanded configuration at a suitable temperature, e.g., room temperature or the internal temperature of a subject.
- the center of the hook curvature R2 can be located at a distance L 11 as measured along an axis generally parallel to the axis A from the terminal surface 12 of hub 10 and at one-half distance d 6 as measured between two generally diametrical hooks 40.
- the tips 4OT of respective diametric hooks 40 may be located at longitudinal distance L12 (which may be approximately the same as longitudinal distance L7 to the third anchor joint AJ3) and at one half of distance d7 between diametric hooks 40.
- a range of values may be used for the aforementioned dimensional parameters in order to provide anchor members that will locate and anchor the filter within the vein or vessel in which the filter is to be applied in a manner that positions hooks 40 in contact with the walls of the vein or vessel and provides sufficient lateral force against the vein or vessel wall to ensure the hooks engage the wall but not so much force as to cause injury to the wall.
- a filter intended to be placed in a narrow vein or vessel such as a child or dog vena cava
- the longitudinal distance L8 is about 0.02 inches; L9 is about 0.2 inches; LlO is about 1.3 inches; Ll 1 is about 1.2 inches; ⁇ is about 1.5 inches; d7 is about 1.6 inches; d8 is about 0.01 inches; d9 is between 1.5 and 1.6 inches; L12 is about 1.2 inches; the radius of curvature R2 is about 0.03 inches; and the thickness t2 of the anchor member is about 0.013 inches.
- a very small radius of curvature R3 can characterize anchor joint or bend AJ2 where R3 can be about 0.01 inches.
- an anchor member can be coupled to the locator.
- a hook 22 can be coupled to the locator proximate the tip portion.
- both the tip portion and hook 22 are configured so that the locator does not penetrate through the blood vessel wall by formation of a stop region 22a defined by both the locator tip and the hook 22.
- Another arrangement can be by coupling or forming a hook in the same configuration as hook 40 for the anchor members.
- one or more stop members 24 can be provided on the locator at any suitable locations.
- the stop member 24 is in the form of a truncated cone coupled to the locator.
- the stop member 24 can be of any configuration as long as the member 24 reduces or prevents penetration of the locator through the blood vessel wall.
- the hook 22 (or hook 40) can be utilized in combination with the stop member 24 such as for example, a hook 22 coupled to a first locator, a hook 40 coupled to a second locator, a stop member 24 on a third locator, a combination of hook 22 and stop member 24 on a fourth locator, a combination of hook 40 and stop member 24 on a fifth locator.
- the hook 40 can be provided with a proximal hook portion 4OP and a distal hook portion 4OD on which a sharpened tip 4OT is provided.
- the hook 40 can be formed to have a thickness t3.
- the thickness t3 may be generally equal to the outside diameter of the wire, hi an embodiment, the hook thickness t3 is approximately 0.5 to approximately 0.8 that of the anchor thickness t2.
- the wire can be configured to follow a radius of curvature R2 whose center is located at longitudinal distance LIl and radial distance d9 when the filter is at the temperature of a subject, as discussed above.
- the tip 4OT can be provided with a generally planar surface 4OD whose length can be approximately equal to length hi. The tip 4OT may be located over a distance h2 from a plane tangential to the curved portion 4OS.
- the locators 20 are illustrated has being bounded by a first compound surface of revolution SRl about axis A by rotating one of the locators 20 about axis A for 360 degrees.
- the first compound surface of revolution SRl includes a portion of a truncated hyperboloid H, first frustum Fl, second frustum F2, and cylindrical surface Cl.
- the anchors 30 are illustrated as being bounded by a second compound surface of revolution SR2 about axis A by rotating one of the anchors 30 about axis A for 360 degrees.
- the second compound surface of revolution SR2 defined by the anchors 30 includes a third, fourth and fifth frustums F3, F4, and F5, respectively.
- the various advantages include, for example, resisting migration of the filter 100 once installed, greater filter volume, and better concentricity with respect to the inner wall of the blood vessel.
- a number of design parameters may be adjusted to effect performance and fit characteristics of the filter, including, for example, the ratio of the volume Vl defined by the first surface of revolution SRl to the volume V2 defined by the second surface of revolution SR2, which may be at least 0.92, preferably about 1.0, and most preferably about 0.99.
- volume V2 may be surrounded by the volume Vl, preferably at least 25% of the volume V2 may be surrounded by the volume Vl, and most preferably, about 35% of the volume V2 may be surrounded by volume Vl so that the portion of volume V2 that is not surrounded by volume Vl (i.e., the volume of Vl outside the first volume Vl), shown as volume V3 in Fig. 9, is about 0.4 cubic inches.
- the filter 100 tends to resist dislodgement when installed in a simulated blood vessel.
- the radius of curvature R 2 is decreased, while keeping other parameters generally constant, the resistance to dislodgement in a simulated blood vessel is increased.
- the material for the filter may be any suitable bio-compatible material such as, for example, polymer, memory polymer, memory metal, thermal memory material, metal, metal alloy, or ceramics.
- the material may be Elgiloy, and most preferably Nitinol which is a thermal shape memory alloy.
- a shape memory material such as Nitinol
- the properties of Nitinol allow the filter members to withstand enormous deformations (e.g. 8 times as much as stainless steel) without having any effect of the filter ability to recover to the pre-determined shape. This is due to the crystal phase transitions between rigid austenite and softer martensite. This phenomenon enables the implant to be loaded into a very small diameter sheath for delivery, which significantly reduces the trauma and complications to the insertion site.
- Transition between the martensitic and austenitic forms of the material can be achieved by increasing or decreasing the material deformation above and below the transition stress level while the material remains above the transition temperature range, specifically Af. This is particularly important in the case of the hooks, as they may be deformed significantly (hence, becoming martensitic) while the filter is challenged by clots. The super-elastic properties will allow the hooks to re-assume their intended shape as soon as the load is released (e.g. the clot breaks down).
- the hooks may be retrieved from the Inferior Vena Cava ("IVC") wall during the filter removal when longitudinal force is applied to the hub 10 in the direction of the BF (i.e., towards the hub 10 of the filter). Under this concentrated stress, the hooks will straighten and transition to the martensitic state, thereby becoming super-elastic.
- the hooks 40 are designed to bend toward a substantially straight configuration when a specific hook migration force is applied and spring back to their original shape once the hook migration force is removed.
- a reduction in temperature below the Af temperature can be applied to the shape memory material to cause a change in the crystalline phase of the material so as to render the material malleable during loading or retrieval of the filter.
- Various techniques can be used to cause a change in crystalline phase such as, for example, cold saline, low temperature fluid or thermal conductor.
- the locator and anchor members can be cooled below the martensitic-to-austenitic transition temperature, and then straightened and held in a collapsed, straight form that can pass through a length of fine plastic tubing with an internal diameter of approximately 2 millimeters (mm), e.g., a #8 French catheter.
- mm millimeters
- the filter 10 recovers to a preformed filtering shape as illustrated by Figure 1.
- the locator and/or anchor members may be made of wires of spring metal which can be straightened and compressed within a catheter or tube and will diverge into the filter shape of Figure 1 when the tube is removed.
- the filter has generally coaxial first and second filter baskets or sieves, each filter basket being generally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the filter with both filter baskets being concave relative to the filter leading end.
- the sieve V2 formed by anchor members 30 is the primary filter and can be up to twelve circumferentially spaced anchor members 30.
- Six anchor members 30 are shown in the embodiment illustrated in the figures.
- the anchor members may be of equal length, but may be of different length so that the hooks 40 at the ends of the wires will fit within a catheter without becoming interconnected.
- the anchor members 30, in their expanded configuration illustrated in Figure 1 i.e., unconstrained in the high temperature form), are at a slight angle to the vessel wall, preferably within a range of from ten to forty-five degrees, while the hooks 40 penetrate the vessel wall to anchor the filter against movement.
- the anchor members 30 are radially offset relative to the locator members 20 and may be positioned radially halfway between the locator members 20 and also may be circumferentially spaced by sixty degrees of arc as shown in Figure 3.
- the locator members 20 form sieve Vl.
- the combined filter sieves V2 and Vl can provide a wire positioned radially about the hub 10, such as at every thirty degrees of arc at the maximum divergence of the filter sections.
- the filter section V2 forms a frustum toward the hub 10 of the filter 100 while the filter section Vl forms a generally frustum-like concave sieve with its geometric center proximate the terminal end 12 of the hub 10.
- the volume Vl of the surface SRl may be between about 0.3 and about 1.1 cubic inches, preferably about 0.7 cubic inches and the volume V2 of the surface SR2 may be between about 0.3 and about 1.1 cubic inches, preferably about 0.7 cubic inches.
- the structure of the hooks 40 is believed to be important in resisting migration of the filter once installed while allowing for removal from the blood vessel after installation.
- these hooks 40 penetrate the vessel wall when the filter 100 is expanded to anchor the filter in place and prevent filter migration longitudinally within the vessel in either direction.
- the hooks 40 are implanted and subsequently covered by the endothelium layer, they and the filter can be withdrawn without risk of significant injury or rupture to the vena cava. Minor injury to the vessel wall due to hook withdrawal such as damage to the endothelial layer or local vena cava wall puncture is acceptable.
- the juncture section 4OS may be considerably reduced in cross section relative to the thickness t2 or cross section of the anchor member 30 and the remainder of the hook 40.
- the juncture section 4OS can be sized such that it is of sufficient stiffness when the anchor members 30 are expanded to permit the hook 40 to penetrate the vena cava wall.
- withdrawal force in the direction of blood flow BF will cause flexure in the juncture section 4OS so that the hook tip 4OT moves toward a position parallel with the axis A (i.e., the hook straightens). With the hooks so straightened, the filter can be withdrawn without tearing the vessel wall while leaving only small punctures.
- the anchor member 30 has a cross-sectional area of about 0.00013 squared inches
- the hook 40, particularly the curved junction section 4OS has a cross-sectional area of about 0.000086 squared inches.
- the entire hook 40 can be formed with a cross section t3 throughout its length that is less than that of the locator 20 members (which have thickness tl) or anchor members 30 (which have thickness t2). As a result, an axial withdrawal force will tend to straighten the hook 40 over its entire length. This elasticity in the hook structure is believed to prevent the hook from tearing the vessel wall during withdrawal.
- the filter could be made from ductile metal alloys such as stainless steel, titanium, or Elgiloy, it is preferable to make it from Nitinol.
- Nitinol is a low modulus material that allows the locator and anchor members of the device 100 to be designed to have low contact forces and pressures while still achieving sufficient anchoring strength to resist migration of the device.
- the force required to cause opening of the hooks 40 can be modulated to the total force required to resist filter migration. This is accomplished by changing the cross sectional area or geometry of the hooks, or by material selection, as discussed above.
- Nitinol when in the high temperature austenitic state, Nitinol is also subject to stress sensitivity that can cause the material to undergo a phase transformation from the austenitic to the martensitic state while the temperature of the material remains above the transition temperature.
- stress will be concentrated in the areas of reduced cross section when longitudinal force is applied to the hub 10 in the direction of the BF (Le., towards the hub 10 of the filter) such as to remove the filter. Under this concentrated stress, the reduced cross section portions of the hooks may transition to the martensitic state, thereby becoming elastic so that they straighten.
- the hooks 40 whether formed of Nitinol, Elgiloy, spring metal or plastic, are designed to bend toward a substantially straight configuration when a specific hook migration force is applied and spring back to their original shape once the hook migration force is removed.
- the force or stress that is required to deform the hooks 40 can be correlated to the force applied to each hook of the device when it is fully occluded and the blood pressure in the vessel is allowed to reach 50 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) in a test stand.
- the test stand (not shown) can be configured to have a length of tubing (with various internal diameters) to allow a filter to be suitably attached thereto.
- the tubing is connected to another tubing having a terminal end exposed to ambient atmosphere and marked with gradations to indicate the amount of pressure differential across the filter, which is related to the force being applied to each locator of the filter 100.
- This force is approximately at least 70 grams on each anchor of a six-anchor device for at least 50 millimeters Hg pressure differential in a 28 mm vessel.
- the desired total migration resistance force for the filter is believed to be approximately 420 grams for the embodiment of a vena cava filter for an adult human subject, and more anchor members 30 with hooks 40 can be added to lower maximum migration force for each hook.
- the load on the filter would be correspondingly smaller in vessels of smaller diameter.
- the hooks 40 perform as an anchoring mechanism at a predetermined filter migration resistance force within a range of about 10 mm Hg up to about 150-200 mm Hg.
- the hook 40 preferably begins to deform in response to a higher force applied in the direction of the hub, i.e., the filter trailing end TE with respect to blood flow, and release at a force substantially less than that which would cause damage to the vessel tissue. It is the ability of the hook to straighten somewhat that allows for safe removal of the preferred embodiment filters from the vessel wall.
- the endothelium layer will grow over the hooks 40.
- these hooks 40 when subjected to a withdrawal force in the direction of the hub (i.e., toward the trailing end TE) become substantially straight sections of wire oriented at a small angle to the vessel wall, the filter can be removed leaving only six pin point lesions in the surface of the endothelium.
- a catheter such as, for example, the unit described and shown in U.S. Patent No. 6,156,055, which is incorporated by reference herein, or similar retrieval unit is inserted over the hub 10 and into engagement with the locator members 20.
- the catheter While the hub 10 is held stationary, the catheter may be moved downwardly, forcing the locator members 20 to fold towards the axis A, and subsequently engaging the anchor members 30 and forcing them downwardly thereby withdrawing the hooks 40 from the endothelium layer. Then the hub 10 may be drawn into the catheter to collapse the entire filter 100 within the catheter.
- cooling fluid e.g., chilled saline
- the primary objective of the hooks 40 is to ensure that the filter does not migrate during normal respiratory function or in the event of a massive pulmonary embolism.
- Normal inferior vena cava (IVC) pressures are believed to be between about 2 and about 5 mm Hg.
- An occluded IVC can potentially pressurize to 35 mmHg below the occlusion.
- a 50 mm Hg pressure drop across the filter may therefore be chosen as the design criteria for the filter migration resistance force for the removable filter 100.
- each hook must be capable of resisting approximately at least 70 grams of force for the filter 100 to resist at least 50 millimeters Hg pressure gradient in a 28 mm diameter vessel.
- each individual hook needs to be relatively weak. By balancing the number hooks and the individual hook strength, minimal vessel injury can be achieved while still maintaining the at least 50 millimeters Hg pressure gradient criteria, or some other predetermined pressure gradient criteria within a range of from 10 mniHg to 150 mm Hg.
- the anchor members 30 may be angled outwardly from the anchor joint or bend AJl adjacent to but spaced from the outer end of each anchor member 30.
- this bend in each anchor member insures that the hooks 40 are, in effect, spring loaded in the tube and that they will not cross as they are deployed from the tube. Since the anchor members 30 angled outwardly from the shoulders 30, the hooks 40 are rapidly deployed outwardly as the insertion tube is withdrawn.
- bio-active agents can be incorporated with the blood filter, such as by way of a coating on parts of the filter, or dissolvable structures on, within or attached to the filter.
- Bio-active agent may be included as part of the filter in order to treat or prevent other conditions (such as infection or inflammation) associated with the filter, or to treat other conditions unrelated to the filter itself.
- bio-active agents may include, but are not limited to: pharmaceutical agents, such as, for example, anti-proliferative/antimitotic agents including natural products such as vinca alkaloids (i.e. vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine), paclitaxel, epidipodophyllotoxins (i.e.
- antibiotics dactinomycin (actinomycin D) daunorubicin, doxorubicin and idarubicin
- anthracyclines mitoxantrone
- bleomycins plicamycin
- U antiplatelet agents such as G(GP) Ilb/IIIa inhibitors and vitronectin receptor antagonists; anti-proliferative/antimitotic alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards (mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide and analogs, melphalan, chlorambucil), ethylenimines and methylmelamines (hexamethylmelamine and thiotepa), alkyl sulfonates-busulfan, nirtosoureas (carmustine (BCNU) and analogs, streptozocin), and trazenes - dacarbazinine (DTIC); anti-proliferative/antimitotic antimetabolites such as folic acid analogs (methotrexate), pyrimidine analogs (fiuorouracil, floxuridine, and cytarabine), purine analogs and related inhibitors (mercaptopurine, thioguanine, pentostatin and 2- chlorode
- anti-coagulants heparin, synthetic heparin salts and other inhibitors of thrombin
- fibrinolytic agents such as tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase and urokinase), aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, abciximab
- antimigratory agents e.g., breveldin
- anti-inflammatory agents such as adrenocortical steroids (Cortisol, cortisone, fludrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, 6 ⁇ -methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, and dexamethasone), non-steroidal agents (salicylic acid derivatives i.e.
- enolic acids piroxicam, tenoxicam, phenylbutazone, and oxyphenthatrazone
- nabumetone gold compounds (auranofm, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate); immunosuppressives: (cyclosporine, tacrolimus (FK-506), sirolimus (rapamycin), azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil); angiogenic agents, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),
- HMG co-enzyme reductase inhibitors (statins); and protease inhibitors.
- a filter delivery unit such as, for example, the unit described in U.S. Patent No. 6,258,026, which is incorporated by reference herein, is adapted to deliver the filter 100 through a catheter or delivery tube to a generally centered position within a body vessel, as described in further detail in the above mentioned patent.
- the delivery system may be the delivery system shown and described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application S.N. 60/706,596, entitled “Embolus Blood Clot Filter and Delivery System” filed on August 9, 2005 or the delivery system shown and described in a PCT Patent Application that claims priority to the antecedent provisional patent application, which PCT Patent Application is entitled “Embolus Blood Clot Filter and Delivery System” with Attorney Docket No. 14673-003WO and PCT Application No: filed on May 9, 2006, and both applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into this application.
- a radio-opaque material can be incorporated in a portion of the filter, preferably the hub 10 of the filter.
- a radio-opaque material is any material that is identifiable to machine or human readable radiographic equipment while MllUl lltSy . w the material is inside a mammal body, such as, by way of example but not by way of limitation, gold, tungsten, platinum, barium sulfate, or tantalum.
- the use of a radio- opaque material in the filter permits the clinician to locate the filter within a blood vessel of the subject using radiographic equipment.
- Radio-opaque material may be in the form of an additional structure added to the hub, such as a cap, sleeve, shim, wire or braze included around or in the hub assembly.
- the hub itself may be formed of a radio-opaque alloy.
- a retrieving hook can be provided as part of filter device 200, as in the embodiment shown in Figure 10.
- the filter device 200 includes a hub 210 with a retrieving hook 220.
- the hook 220 is configured for use by a snaring device to retrieve the filter 200 from a subject.
- the retrieving hook 220 can be formed as a monolithic member 230 with the hub 210 or as a separate member joined to the hub 210 by a suitable technique, such as, for example, EDM, laser welding, plasma welding, welding brazing, welding, soldering, or bonding.
- the member 230 can be a machined billet member with a blind bore 240 formed through a portion of the hub 210.
- the hook portion 220 includes ramped surfaces 250 and 260 that are believed to be advantageous in allowing the filter 200 to be retrieved without binding at the catheter opening due to an offset entry position of the filter 200.
- the axis 300 of the member 230 is not generally parallel or aligned with a longitudinal axis of the catheter retrieving device. In such cases, the greater the retention force, it is believed that the greater the likelihood of the hook being snagged on the catheter inlet opening thereby complicating the filter retrieval process.
- the ramp 250 includes a radius of curvature R4 coupled to flat portions 252 and 254.
- the flat portion 254 can be coupled to a hook portion 256 which has a radiused surface R6.
- the flat portion 252 is coupled to another radiused portion R7. It should be / ⁇ UUl l iey iiu.. ⁇ -rw , « ww- . . ⁇ noted that the drawings provided herein are to scale relative to every part illustrated in each drawing.
- a range of values may be used for the aforementioned dimensional parameters in order to provide a retrieval hook 230 that is capable of retaining portions of the locator and anchor members 20 and 30 within blind hole 240.
- a smaller filter may have smaller dimensions so that the retrieval hook 230 does not present undue blockage in the vein, than a filter intended to be placed in a large vein or vessels, such as an adult vena cava or other vessel.
- the retrieval hook 230 may be made from or include a radio-opaque material to allow a clinician to locate the hook within a subject using radiographic equipment, such as to aid in engaging the hook with a retrieval mechanism.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06770126.8A EP1880313B1 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-09 | Removable embolus blood clot filter |
MX2007013932A MX2007013932A (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-09 | Removable embolus blood clot filter. |
CA2607580A CA2607580C (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-09 | Removable embolus blood clot filter |
JP2008511266A JP5102201B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-09 | Removable embolic clot filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US68060105P | 2005-05-12 | 2005-05-12 | |
US60/680,601 | 2005-05-12 |
Publications (3)
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WO2006124405A2 true WO2006124405A2 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
WO2006124405A3 WO2006124405A3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
WO2006124405A9 WO2006124405A9 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
Family
ID=37431823
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/017889 WO2006124405A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-09 | Removable embolus blood clot filter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US7967838B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1880313B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5102201B2 (en) |
CA (3) | CA2946470C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007013932A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006124405A2 (en) |
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US20110257677A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
US9498318B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
MX2007013932A (en) | 2008-01-28 |
EP1880313A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
US9872756B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
US20180243072A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
CA2607580A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
US10729527B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
WO2006124405A9 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US8574261B2 (en) | 2013-11-05 |
JP5102201B2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
CA2946470A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
CA3029306C (en) | 2020-12-29 |
JP2008544771A (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US7967838B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
US11554006B2 (en) | 2023-01-17 |
EP1880313B1 (en) | 2023-03-08 |
US20170027680A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
US20200390536A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
CA3029306A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
US20070112373A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US20140058437A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
CA2946470C (en) | 2019-02-19 |
WO2006124405A3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP1880313A2 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
CA2607580C (en) | 2016-12-20 |
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