WO2006126023A1 - Battery power management - Google Patents

Battery power management Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006126023A1
WO2006126023A1 PCT/GB2006/050119 GB2006050119W WO2006126023A1 WO 2006126023 A1 WO2006126023 A1 WO 2006126023A1 GB 2006050119 W GB2006050119 W GB 2006050119W WO 2006126023 A1 WO2006126023 A1 WO 2006126023A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
batteries
signal
power management
protection circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/050119
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Marinov
Original Assignee
Absl Power Solutions Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Absl Power Solutions Limited filed Critical Absl Power Solutions Limited
Publication of WO2006126023A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006126023A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for hotswapping between two or more batteries.
  • the present invention aims to provide a simpler hotswap battery connection by using the MOSFETs in the battery as the switches.
  • the present invention provides a hotswap battery system comprising a battery-powered device with connections for two or more batteries, the battery- powered device comprising a power management unit, and at least two batteries, each battery comprising two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit, wherein the power management unit has the capability of sending a signal to the battery protection circuit of any battery to turn the two MOSFETs off.
  • the present invention also provides a battery comprising one or more cells, two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
  • the present invention further provides a method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises: drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
  • the present invention provides a method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises : drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, or detecting that the charge in the first battery providing power has fallen to a predetermined level, and sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
  • the batteries are any type of battery where the cells require a battery protection circuit.
  • the batteries are lithium ion cells.
  • the system comprises two batteries.
  • the advantage of the present system for hotswapping batteries is that it minimises the number of components required for switching between the batteries by using the MOSFETs that are already present in batteries which require protection circuits, such as lithium ion batteries, as part of the overcharge protection electronics. This reduces the number of components in the system that can fail and removes the resistance caused by the presence of an extra switch. This is particularly important where it is necessary to make a system simple in order to produce a portable and robust system, for example a portable power management system for a soldier.
  • a MOSFET is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor .
  • the battery-powered device provides power to one or more external devices such as a handheld computer, GPS system, night sights or an uninterruptible power supply.
  • the battery-powered device may comprise a power management unit and a single device such as a handheld computer, GPS system, night sights.
  • the two MOSFETs in series with the cells are connected in opposite directions.
  • the battery protection circuit controls the state of the MOSFETs and can turn either MOSFET on or off.
  • the input from the hotswap unit can force both MOSFETs to be in the off state or leave them in the state required by the battery protection circuit for safe operation.
  • the battery protection circuit will allow the battery to provide power unless there is a fault.
  • each battery is located in a cradle which provides the electrical connections to the battery and any further connections which may be used to detect that the battery is being disconnected.
  • the cradle may be provided with a short pin which connects to the battery.
  • the pin is arranged such that once the battery is partially disconnected but before the electrical connections to the battery are broken the short pin becomes disconnected and this causes a circuit to be broken such that the device detects that the battery is being disconnected.
  • the power management unit detects when the charge in a battery reduces to a predetermined level.
  • the predetermined level of charge is typically 5 or 10% of full charge.
  • the power management unit switches from drawing power from one battery to another it sends a signal to the first battery providing power to turn off the battery and ceases sending a signal to the second battery to turn off the battery.
  • By turning off the first battery typically by changing the MOSFETs to the off position, this ensures that the power from the second battery is not used to charge up the first battery.
  • the signals may be sent at the same time.
  • the first battery is switched off before the second battery is allowed to switch on. Thus, there is a very short amount of time when there is no power provided. If this method is used capacitors are incorporated into the circuit and discharging the capacitors is used to bridge the gap between obtaining power from the first battery and obtaining power from the second battery.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram showing the essential parts of a hotswap system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a hotswap system comprising two batteries 11, 31 and a hotswap control unit 15.
  • the dotted lines indicated by 11 and 31 show the position of the casing of each of the batteries relative to the circuitry contained in the batteries.
  • the first battery 11 contains a cell stack 10 connected in series with two MOSFETs 5,6 which are connected through resistors 7,8 to a battery protection circuit 4.
  • the battery protection circuit 4 also has a resistor 9 connected across it.
  • the battery 11 has three connectors shown 1,2,3. Connectors 1 and 3 connect the two poles of the cells and connector 2 connects to the battery protection circuit.
  • the hotswap control unit 15 is connected across the connectors 1,3 and also has a direct output to connector 2.
  • the second battery 31 contains a cell stack 30 connected in series with two MOSFETs 25,26 which are connected through resistors 27,28 to a battery protection circuit 24.
  • the battery protection circuit 24 also has a resistor 29 connected across it.
  • the battery has three connectors shown 21,22,23. Connectors 21 and 23 connect the two poles of the cells and connector 22 connects to the battery protection circuit.
  • the hotswap control unit 15 is connected across the connectors 21,23 and also has a direct output to connector 22.
  • the load drawn by the rest of the power management unit that is connected directly to the hotswap unit is connected to the connectors 16 and 17.
  • the power management unit may also incorporate a device such as a computer.
  • the power management unit draws power from one battery at a time.
  • the power may be being drawn from the first battery 11. If the first battery 11 is disconnected this is detected by the hotswap unit 15 (using further circuitry not shown) and the hotswap unit 15 sends a signal to the battery protection circuit 4 in the first battery 11 which turns off the MOSFETs 5,6 and another signal to the battery protection circuit 24 in the second battery 31 which turns on the MOSFETs 25,26.
  • this change of power source takes place as soon as the first battery 11 is partially disconnected so that there is no interruption in power supply.
  • the power management unit may be connected to the two batteries in such a way that the batteries are connected into cradles. Each cradle comprises all the necessary connections for each battery.
  • the cradle includes a short pin which completes a circuit when a battery is fully connected to the cradle. However, when the battery is removed partially from the cradle the short pin becomes disconnected from its connectors before the power is disconnected from the battery. Once the short pin circuit is broken this triggers the hotswap control unit to change power source to the other battery.
  • the power management unit may also include a further circuit which monitors the amount of charge left in a battery. Once the battery charge falls to a pre ⁇ determined level, such as 5% or 10%, this activates the hotswap control unit to switch that battery off and switch the other battery on. This ensures that regardless of which battery is removed first when the batteries are replaced there is some charge remaining in the battery that is still connected so as to prevent complete power loss to the system.
  • a pre ⁇ determined level such as 5% or 10%

Abstract

A hotswap battery system comprising a battery- powered device with connections for two or more batteries, the battery-powered device comprising a power management unit, and at least two batteries, each battery comprising two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit, wherein the power management unit has the capability of sending a signal to the battery protection circuit of any battery to turn the two MOSFETs off .

Description

Battery power management
The present invention relates to a system for hotswapping between two or more batteries.
Many devices including laptop computers include hotswap connections which enable batteries, cards or other devices to be removed and replaced without the need to switch off mechanically the device or battery before it is removed.
In order to protect the device that is removed and in order to protect a powered unit or device from which a battery is removed it is typically necessary to include some type of automatic intelligent switching in the power unit into which the device or battery is connected. These switches can fail and add resistance to the system.
The present invention aims to provide a simpler hotswap battery connection by using the MOSFETs in the battery as the switches.
Accordingly the present invention provides a hotswap battery system comprising a battery-powered device with connections for two or more batteries, the battery- powered device comprising a power management unit, and at least two batteries, each battery comprising two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit, wherein the power management unit has the capability of sending a signal to the battery protection circuit of any battery to turn the two MOSFETs off.
The present invention also provides a battery comprising one or more cells, two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
The present invention further provides a method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises: drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
In a preferred embodiment the present invention provides a method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises : drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, or detecting that the charge in the first battery providing power has fallen to a predetermined level, and sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
The batteries are any type of battery where the cells require a battery protection circuit. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the batteries are lithium ion cells.
In one embodiment of the present invention the system comprises two batteries.
The advantage of the present system for hotswapping batteries is that it minimises the number of components required for switching between the batteries by using the MOSFETs that are already present in batteries which require protection circuits, such as lithium ion batteries, as part of the overcharge protection electronics. This reduces the number of components in the system that can fail and removes the resistance caused by the presence of an extra switch. This is particularly important where it is necessary to make a system simple in order to produce a portable and robust system, for example a portable power management system for a soldier.
A MOSFET is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor . Typically the battery-powered device provides power to one or more external devices such as a handheld computer, GPS system, night sights or an uninterruptible power supply. Alternatively, the battery-powered device may comprise a power management unit and a single device such as a handheld computer, GPS system, night sights.
The two MOSFETs in series with the cells are connected in opposite directions.
The battery protection circuit controls the state of the MOSFETs and can turn either MOSFET on or off. The input from the hotswap unit can force both MOSFETs to be in the off state or leave them in the state required by the battery protection circuit for safe operation. Typically the battery protection circuit will allow the battery to provide power unless there is a fault.
Typically, each battery is located in a cradle which provides the electrical connections to the battery and any further connections which may be used to detect that the battery is being disconnected. For example, the cradle may be provided with a short pin which connects to the battery. However, the pin is arranged such that once the battery is partially disconnected but before the electrical connections to the battery are broken the short pin becomes disconnected and this causes a circuit to be broken such that the device detects that the battery is being disconnected.
In one embodiment of the present invention the power management unit detects when the charge in a battery reduces to a predetermined level. The predetermined level of charge is typically 5 or 10% of full charge. When the power management unit switches from drawing power from one battery to another it sends a signal to the first battery providing power to turn off the battery and ceases sending a signal to the second battery to turn off the battery. By turning off the first battery, typically by changing the MOSFETs to the off position, this ensures that the power from the second battery is not used to charge up the first battery. The signals may be sent at the same time. In a particular embodiment of the present invention the first battery is switched off before the second battery is allowed to switch on. Thus, there is a very short amount of time when there is no power provided. If this method is used capacitors are incorporated into the circuit and discharging the capacitors is used to bridge the gap between obtaining power from the first battery and obtaining power from the second battery.
A specific construction of a circuit embodying the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the drawing filed herewith, in which:
Figure 1 is a circuit diagram showing the essential parts of a hotswap system of the present invention.
Figure 1 shows a hotswap system comprising two batteries 11, 31 and a hotswap control unit 15. The dotted lines indicated by 11 and 31 show the position of the casing of each of the batteries relative to the circuitry contained in the batteries. The first battery 11 contains a cell stack 10 connected in series with two MOSFETs 5,6 which are connected through resistors 7,8 to a battery protection circuit 4. The battery protection circuit 4 also has a resistor 9 connected across it. The battery 11 has three connectors shown 1,2,3. Connectors 1 and 3 connect the two poles of the cells and connector 2 connects to the battery protection circuit. The hotswap control unit 15 is connected across the connectors 1,3 and also has a direct output to connector 2.
The second battery 31 contains a cell stack 30 connected in series with two MOSFETs 25,26 which are connected through resistors 27,28 to a battery protection circuit 24. The battery protection circuit 24 also has a resistor 29 connected across it. The battery has three connectors shown 21,22,23. Connectors 21 and 23 connect the two poles of the cells and connector 22 connects to the battery protection circuit. The hotswap control unit 15 is connected across the connectors 21,23 and also has a direct output to connector 22.
The load drawn by the rest of the power management unit that is connected directly to the hotswap unit is connected to the connectors 16 and 17. In another embodiment of the invention the power management unit may also incorporate a device such as a computer.
In use the power management unit draws power from one battery at a time. For example, the power may be being drawn from the first battery 11. If the first battery 11 is disconnected this is detected by the hotswap unit 15 (using further circuitry not shown) and the hotswap unit 15 sends a signal to the battery protection circuit 4 in the first battery 11 which turns off the MOSFETs 5,6 and another signal to the battery protection circuit 24 in the second battery 31 which turns on the MOSFETs 25,26. Typically this change of power source takes place as soon as the first battery 11 is partially disconnected so that there is no interruption in power supply. For example, the power management unit may be connected to the two batteries in such a way that the batteries are connected into cradles. Each cradle comprises all the necessary connections for each battery. The cradle includes a short pin which completes a circuit when a battery is fully connected to the cradle. However, when the battery is removed partially from the cradle the short pin becomes disconnected from its connectors before the power is disconnected from the battery. Once the short pin circuit is broken this triggers the hotswap control unit to change power source to the other battery.
The power management unit may also include a further circuit which monitors the amount of charge left in a battery. Once the battery charge falls to a pre¬ determined level, such as 5% or 10%, this activates the hotswap control unit to switch that battery off and switch the other battery on. This ensures that regardless of which battery is removed first when the batteries are replaced there is some charge remaining in the battery that is still connected so as to prevent complete power loss to the system.

Claims

Claims
1. A hotswap battery system comprising a battery- powered device with connections for two or more batteries, the battery-powered device comprising a power management unit, and at least two batteries, each battery comprising two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit, wherein the power management unit has the capability of sending a signal to the battery protection circuit of any battery to turn the two MOSFETs off.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the device is a power management system.
3. A system according to claim 2 wherein the connections for each battery are in the form of a battery cradle.
4. A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the power management unit detects when a battery is partially disconnected.
5. A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the device detects when the charge in a battery reduces to a predetermined level.
6. A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the batteries are lithium ion batteries.
7. A battery comprising one or more cells, two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
8. A battery according to claim 7 wherein the cells are lithium ion cells.
9. A method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises : drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
10. A method for hotswapping between two or more batteries connected to a battery-powered device comprising a power management unit which method comprises : drawing power from a first battery and sending a signal from the power management unit to a second or more batteries which signal turns these batteries off, partially disconnecting the first battery, detecting that the first battery is partially disconnected, sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, and fully disconnecting the first battery, or detecting that the charge in the first battery providing power has fallen to a predetermined level, and sending a signal from the power management unit to the first battery which signal switches the first battery off and ceasing sending the signal which turns the second battery off, wherein each battery comprises two MOSFETs in series with the cells, a battery protection circuit and an input to the battery protection circuit.
11. A method according to claims 9 or 10 wherein the batteries are lithium ion batteries.
PCT/GB2006/050119 2005-05-26 2006-05-23 Battery power management WO2006126023A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0510659A GB0510659D0 (en) 2005-05-26 2005-05-26 Battery power management
GB0510659.6 2005-05-26

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WO2006126023A1 true WO2006126023A1 (en) 2006-11-30

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Cited By (8)

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US7812480B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2010-10-12 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for on-line power source replacement in wireless transmitters and other devices
US8633619B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2014-01-21 Protonex Technology Corporation Power managers and methods for operating power managers
USD802533S1 (en) 2016-03-23 2017-11-14 Protonex Technology Corporation Portable power manager enclosure
US10250134B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2019-04-02 Revision Military Ltd. Power manager
US10326284B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2019-06-18 Revision Military Ltd. Control module for DC power network
US10587116B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-03-10 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Distributed power manager
US10848067B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-11-24 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power manager with reconfigurable power converting circuits
US11258366B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2022-02-22 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power manager with reconfigurable power converting circuits

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US5477130A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-12-19 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Battery pack with short circuit protection
GB2292845A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-03-06 Fujitsu Ltd Charging and discharging batteries
US5610496A (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-03-11 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Dual battery control system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5477130A (en) * 1993-07-07 1995-12-19 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Battery pack with short circuit protection
GB2292845A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-03-06 Fujitsu Ltd Charging and discharging batteries
US5610496A (en) * 1995-06-30 1997-03-11 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Dual battery control system

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7812480B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2010-10-12 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for on-line power source replacement in wireless transmitters and other devices
US8633619B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2014-01-21 Protonex Technology Corporation Power managers and methods for operating power managers
US8638011B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2014-01-28 Protonex Technology Corporation Portable power manager operating methods
US8775846B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2014-07-08 Protonex Technology Corporation Portable power manager having one or more device ports for connecting with external power loads
US11569667B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2023-01-31 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power managers and methods for operating power managers
US10333315B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2019-06-25 Revision Military Ltd. Power managers and methods for operating power managers
US11283265B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2022-03-22 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power managers and methods for operating power managers
US10250134B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2019-04-02 Revision Military Ltd. Power manager
US10361629B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2019-07-23 Revision Military Ltd. Power manager
US10326284B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2019-06-18 Revision Military Ltd. Control module for DC power network
US11258366B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2022-02-22 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power manager with reconfigurable power converting circuits
US11108230B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2021-08-31 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power manager with reconfigurable power converting circuits
US10848067B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-11-24 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Power manager with reconfigurable power converting circuits
US10587116B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-03-10 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Distributed power manager
US11355928B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2022-06-07 Galvion Soldier Power, Llc Distributed power manager
USD802533S1 (en) 2016-03-23 2017-11-14 Protonex Technology Corporation Portable power manager enclosure

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