WO2007037900A2 - Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control - Google Patents
Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007037900A2 WO2007037900A2 PCT/US2006/033909 US2006033909W WO2007037900A2 WO 2007037900 A2 WO2007037900 A2 WO 2007037900A2 US 2006033909 W US2006033909 W US 2006033909W WO 2007037900 A2 WO2007037900 A2 WO 2007037900A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fluid
- infusion
- surgical
- microprocessor
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0233—Enemata; Irrigators characterised by liquid supply means, e.g. from pressurised reservoirs
- A61M3/0254—Enemata; Irrigators characterised by liquid supply means, e.g. from pressurised reservoirs the liquid being pumped
- A61M3/0258—Enemata; Irrigators characterised by liquid supply means, e.g. from pressurised reservoirs the liquid being pumped by means of electric pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0204—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity
- A61M3/0208—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity before use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0204—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity
- A61M3/0212—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity after use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0204—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity
- A61M3/0216—Pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0204—Physical characteristics of the irrigation fluid, e.g. conductivity or turbidity
- A61M3/022—Volume; Flow rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/71—Suction drainage systems
- A61M1/77—Suction-irrigation systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
- A61M2205/3344—Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3379—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
- A61M2205/3389—Continuous level detection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/06—Head
- A61M2210/0612—Eyes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M3/00—Medical syringes, e.g. enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/02—Enemata; Irrigators
- A61M3/0201—Cassettes therefor
Definitions
- the present invention generally pertains to microsurgical systems and more particularly to controlling intraocular pressure in ophthalmic surgery.
- probes are inserted into the operative site to cut, remove, or otherwise manipulate tissue.
- fluid is typically infused into the eye, and the infusion fluid and tissue are aspirated from the surgical site.
- the pressure of the fluid being infused into the eye is typically referred to as the "dead head pressure".
- the intraocular pressure typically referred to as the "dead head pressure”.
- the present invention is a surgical cassette including a dual infusion
- the dual infusion chamber has a first chamber not fluidly coupled to the second chamber.
- the first fluid line is fluidly coupled to the first chamber and is for providing an irrigating fluid to the first chamber.
- second fluid line is fluidly coupled to the first chamber and is for providing the irrigating fluid to a surgical device.
- the third fluid line is fluidly coupled to the second chamber
- the fourth fluid line is fluidly coupled to the second chamber and is for providing the irrigating fluid to the
- the present invention is a surgical cassette including an infusion chamber and a fluid line.
- the infusion chamber has an upper surface and a lower surface.
- the fluid line is fluidly coupled to the infusion chamber and is for providing an irrigating fluid to the infusion chamber.
- the infusion chamber has an opening disposed near the
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating infusion control in an ophthalmic
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating infusion control and irrigation control
- Figure 3 is a front, perspective view of a preferred surgical cassette for use in the
- Figure 4 is a front, perspective, partially fragmentary view of a dual infusion chamber of the surgical cassette of Figure 3.
- microsurgical system 10 includes a pressure cuff 12; an infusion source 14; a dual infusion chamber 16 having a chamber 16a and a chamber 16b; fluid level sensors 18 and
- solenoid valves 36, 38, and 40 Dual infusion
- chamber 16; fluid level sensors 18 and 20; portions of infusion fluid lines 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, and 80; and portions of gas lines 84 and 86 are preferably disposed in a surgical
- cassette 27 Infusion source 14; dual infusion chamber 16;, flow sensor 22; filters 24 and
- Infusion source 14 dual infusion chamber 16, gas manifolds 30 and 32; pressurized gas source 34; and actuators 56, 58, 60, and 62 are fluidly coupled via gas lines 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, and 96.
- Infusion source 14 fluid level sensors 18-20; flow sensor 22; microprocessor
- proportional solenoid valves 36-40; on/off solenoid valves 42-54; actuators 56-62; and pressure transducers 64-68 are electrically coupled via interfaces 100, 102, 104, 106,
- Infusion source 14 is preferably a flexible infusion source. As shown best in Figures 3-4, dual infusion chamber 16 is preferably formed on a rear surface 27a of surgical cassette 27. Surgical cassette 27 preferably also has a top surface 27b and a
- Chambers 16a and 16b are preferably separated by a divider 16c, and
- Dual infusion chamber 16 preferably also
- chamber 16b has an opening 226 disposed on or near lower surface 16e for fluid line 74
- chamber 16a has an opening 228 disposed on or near lower surface 16e for fluid line 72.
- near preferably means closer to lower
- 18 and 20 may be any suitable device for measuring the level of fluid in infusion
- Fluid level sensors 18 and 20 are preferably capable of measuring the level of fluid in infusion chambers 16a and 16b in a continuous manner.
- Flow sensor 22 may be any suitable device for measuring the flow rate of fluid within
- Flow sensor 22 is preferably a non-invasive flow sensor.
- Filters 24 and 26 are hydrophobic micro-bacterial filters.
- a preferred filter is the Versapor ® membrane filter (0.8 micron) available from Pall Corporation of East Hills, New York.
- Microprocessor 28 is capable of implementing feedback control, and preferably PID control.
- Surgical device 29 may be any suitable device for providing surgical irrigating
- fluid to the eye is preferably an infusion cannula, an irrigation handpiece, or and
- the portions of fluid lines 70-80 disposed in surgical cassette 27, and the portions of gas lines 84-46 disposed in surgical cassette 27, may be any suitable line, tubing, or manifold for transporting a fluid but are preferably manifolds
- Surgical irrigating fluid 140 may be any surgical irrigating fluid suitable for ophthalmic use, such as, by way of example, BSS PLUS®
- the pressurizing of infusion source 14 is preferably performed by pressure cuff 12. More specifically, microprocessor 28 sends a control signal to open solenoid valve
- Microprocessor 28 also sends a control signal to open proportional solenoid
- valve 40 via interface 104 so that manifold 30 supplies the appropriate amount of
- Pressure transducer 68 senses the pressure
- Solenoid valves 48-54 are initially open so that manifold 32 provides pressurized air
- Microprocessor 28 sends control
- solenoid valves 48-54 signals to close solenoid valves 48-54 via interfaces 114-120.
- the closing of solenoid valves 48-54 actuates actuators 56-62 to open fluid lines 72-78.
- microprocessor 28 closes actuators 56-62 and thus fluid lines 72-
- the pressuring of infusion source 14 may be performed solely via gravity.
- a user After priming, a user then provides a desired intraocular pressure to
- Input 134 may be any suitable input device but is preferably a touch screen display or physical knob.
- Chamber 16b is preferably the initial
- Microprocessor 28 sends appropriate control signals to open solenoid valve 44 and to open proportional solenoid valve 36 (via interface 100) to
- microprocessor 28 senses the pressure within gas line 84 and provides a corresponding signal to microprocessor 28 via interface 124. Microprocessor 28 also sends an appropriate control
- Chamber 16b supplies pressurized fluid 140 to the eye via fluid lines 78 and 80 and surgical device 29.
- Flow sensor 22 measures
- Microprocessor 28 calculates a predicted intraocular pressure using the
- Fluid level sensor 20 continuously monitors the decrease in the level of fluid 140
- microprocessor 28 in chamber 16b during surgery and provides a corresponding signal to microprocessor 28
- Microprocessor 28 performs adjustments to the air pressure provided to chamber 16b to accommodate for the difference in fluid head height as the level of
- microprocessor 28 closes solenoid valve 44 and actuator 60 and opens solenoid valve 46 and actuators 58 and 62. Chamber 16a is now the active infusion chamber. Microprocessor 28 sends an appropriate control signal to proportional solenoid valve 38
- interface 102 via interface 102 to provide an appropriate level of pressurized air to chamber 16a.
- Pressure transducer 66 senses the pressure within gas line 86 and provides a
- Chamber 16a supplies pressurized fluid 140 to the eye via fluid lines 76 and 80 and surgical device 29.
- sensor 22 measures the flow rate of fluid 140 and provides a corresponding signal to microprocessor 28 via interface 132.
- Microprocessor 28 calculates the predicted
- Fluid level sensor 18 continuously monitors the decrease in the level of fluid 140
- microprocessor 28 performs adjustments to the air pressure provided
- fluid 140 decreases.
- level of fluid 140 in chamber 16a reaches a bottom limit
- microprocessor 28 switches chamber 16b to active infusion, makes chamber 16a
- Infusion source 14 is preferably monitored via a fluid level sensor (not shown) capable of providing a signal to microprocessor 28 via interface 112 when source 14
- Chambers 16a and 16b also preferably each have a volume
- chambers 16a and 16b preferably each have a
- volume of about 30 cc. Such volume allows about two minutes for a near empty infusion source 14 to be exchanged during conditions of maximum flow (e.g. core vitrectomy).
- fluid lines 72 and 74 are fluidly coupled to chambers 16a and 16b,
- inactive chamber 16a or 16b refills, without the need for re-priming.
- microprocessor 28 can preferably continue surgery with only one active chamber. In the case of failure of both of chambers 16a or 16b, microprocessor 28 can preferably continue surgery with only one active chamber. In the case of failure of both of chambers 16a or 16b, microprocessor 28 can preferably continue surgery with only one active chamber. In the case of failure of both of chambers 16a or 16b, microprocessor 28 can preferably continue surgery with only one active chamber. In the case of failure of both
- microprocessor 28 can preferably continue surgery using only infusion source 14.
- FIG. 2 shows a modified ophthalmic microsurgical system 10a.
- system 10a is similar to microsurgical system 10 except that it has an irrigation system in
- system 10a is identical to system 10 except that system 10a also includes an irrigation source 200; fluid lines 202 and 206; gas lines 208 and 216; solenoid valves 210 and 218 ;
- actuators 214 and 222 As
- irrigation source 200 is pressurized solely by gravity.
- the portions of fluid lines 202 and 206 disposed in surgical cassette 27, and the portions of gas lines 208 and 216 disposed in surgical cassette 27, may be any suitable line, tubing, or manifold for transporting a fluid but are preferably manifolds integrally molded into surgical cassette
- microsurgical system 10a As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, microsurgical system 10a
- Microprocessor 28 can calculate flow information
- fluid 140 within fluid line 206 by continuously monitoring the volumetric change of fluid inside chamber 16b, as indicated by fluid sensor 20.
- microsurgical system it is also applicable to controlling pressure within the operative
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT06790101T ATE491495T1 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | SURGICAL CASSETTE FOR INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CONTROL |
AU2006295262A AU2006295262B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
EP06790101A EP1960032B9 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
BRPI0616435A BRPI0616435B8 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | SURGICAL CASSETTE |
DE602006018992T DE602006018992D1 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | SURGICAL CASSETTE FOR INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CONTROL |
MX2008003013A MX2008003013A (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control. |
KR1020087009078A KR101223992B1 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
PL06790101T PL1960032T3 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
JP2008533365A JP5209483B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
DK06790101.7T DK1960032T3 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cartridge for intraocular pressure control |
CN200680036179XA CN101384296B (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
SI200630939T SI1960032T1 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
CA2620367A CA2620367C (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/237,568 US7713237B2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2005-09-28 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
US11/237,568 | 2005-09-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007037900A2 true WO2007037900A2 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
WO2007037900A3 WO2007037900A3 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
Family
ID=37895092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/033909 WO2007037900A2 (en) | 2005-09-28 | 2006-08-30 | Surgical cassette for intraocular pressure control |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7713237B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2286851A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5209483B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101223992B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101384296B (en) |
AR (1) | AR058672A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE491495T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006295262B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0616435B8 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2620367C (en) |
CY (1) | CY1111888T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006018992D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1960032T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2356561T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008003013A (en) |
PL (1) | PL1960032T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1960032E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2421196C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1960032T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI401067B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007037900A2 (en) |
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US20080147023A1 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-19 | Mark Alan Hopkins | System and method for controlling fluid flow in an aspiration chamber |
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US9517162B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2016-12-13 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Retinal surgery |
KR102079355B1 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2020-02-19 | 알콘 인코포레이티드 | Selectively moveable valve elements for aspiration and irrigation circuits |
US9642606B2 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2017-05-09 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualization system |
US8882662B2 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2014-11-11 | Camplex, Inc. | Interface for viewing video from cameras on a surgical visualization system |
NL2009424C2 (en) | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-10 | D O R C Dutch Ophthalmic Res Ct International B V | Irrigation/aspiration system, cartridge, pump unit, surgical machine, method for controlling. |
US9132229B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2015-09-15 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | System and method of priming a surgical cassette |
US9089398B2 (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2015-07-28 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Aspiration cassette with gas and debris management |
USD698019S1 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-01-21 | Alcon Research, Ltd. | Ophthalmic surgical cassette |
US9549850B2 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2017-01-24 | Novartis Ag | Partial venting system for occlusion surge mitigation |
WO2014189969A1 (en) | 2013-05-21 | 2014-11-27 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualization systems |
EP3047326A4 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2017-09-06 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualization systems and displays |
WO2015042483A2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2015-03-26 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualization systems |
US10702353B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2020-07-07 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualizations systems and displays |
EP3277152A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2018-12-26 | Camplex, Inc. | Surgical visualization systems and displays |
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US11051978B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2021-07-06 | Alcon Inc. | Automated aspiration throttling in vitreoretinal surgery |
CN109152657B (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2024-02-27 | 爱尔康公司 | Automated viscous fluid control in vitreoretinal surgery |
WO2018208691A1 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-15 | Camplex, Inc. | Variable light source |
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JP7342011B2 (en) | 2018-02-22 | 2023-09-11 | アルコン インコーポレイティド | Gas mixing system and method in ophthalmic surgical equipment |
US11642243B2 (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2023-05-09 | Alcon Inc. | Methods of solenoid valve control optimization |
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