WO2007063826A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007063826A1 WO2007063826A1 PCT/JP2006/323663 JP2006323663W WO2007063826A1 WO 2007063826 A1 WO2007063826 A1 WO 2007063826A1 JP 2006323663 W JP2006323663 W JP 2006323663W WO 2007063826 A1 WO2007063826 A1 WO 2007063826A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8875—Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fuel cell system capable of preventing electrode deterioration due to repeated start and stop.
- DSS Daily Start & Stop or Daily Start-up & Shut-down
- the operation of the fuel cell system is frequently stopped.
- the conventional fuel cell has a problem in that the electrode catalyst deteriorates due to a reaction gas remaining in the stack or air entering from the outside during non-power generation, resulting in a decrease in cell performance.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-251101
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-8-222258
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-260454
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-115317
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-186137
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-536232
- the conventional configuration has a problem in that electrode deterioration during non-power generation cannot always be reliably prevented.
- the fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 3 has a problem in that the efficiency of the overall power is reduced because excessive energy is consumed to generate hydrogen. It was.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a fuel that can reliably prevent deterioration of the electrode during non-power generation even when start-stop is repeated with high energy efficiency.
- the purpose is to provide a battery system.
- the present inventors diligently studied a method for preventing electrode deterioration during non-power generation of the fuel cell system. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
- the potential of the anode is almost equal to that of the hydrogen electrode unless the impurities such as extreme metal species are dissolved, so the potential of the standard hydrogen electrode (vs. SHE: Standard Hydrogen Electrode) is almost zero.
- the open circuit voltage is approximately equal to the force sword potential (vs. SHE).
- the force sword potential (vs. SHE) is easily influenced by the adsorbed species of the force sword (between Formula 1) and (Chemical Formula 5). (For reference, see H. Wroblowa, et al, J. Electr oanal. Chem., 15, pl39-150 (1967), "Adsorption and Kinetics at Platinum Electrodes in The Presence of Oxygen at Zero Net Current").
- a method of purging water or humidified inert gas to the anode or force sword is also possible.
- the power (vs. SHE) of each electrode is not kept below a certain value. Absent. Even if the inside of the cell is filled with an inert gas, the potential of the anode and power sword cannot be lowered actively. Even if it is replaced with an inert gas, the seals of pipe connections and the like are generally not perfect, so oxygen gradually enters from the outside, and about +0.93 V to + 1. IV (vs. SHE) for both electrodes. Will show the voltage. If the potential rises, the electrode will oxidize or elute, degrading performance. In order to prevent deterioration of the electrode, it is necessary to reliably reduce the potential of the electrode.
- Patent Document 5 A method is also conceivable in which the gas supply to the power sword is stopped or recirculated, and oxygen is generated in the power sword by generating power while supplying a hydrogen-containing gas to the anode (for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4). , Patent Document 5) continues to operate the hydrogen generator until it stops completely Power generation system with hydrogen infrastructure is required. Such a configuration is limited to implementation in special applications, and there is a problem if the proportion of hydrogen not used for power generation increases extremely and energy efficiency decreases. It is desirable to protect the electrode without degrading energy efficiency.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention includes a fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a force sword that sandwich the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a fuel gas that supplies and discharges fuel gas to the anode.
- An air supply device for supplying air to the passage, and when the power is not generated, the fuel gas flow channel and the oxidant gas flow channel are closed, and the inert gas supply device is substantially closed.
- the inert gas is supplied to the anode space composed of the fuel gas flow path isolated from the outside and the space communicating with the fuel gas flow path, and the air supply device is closed so that the oxidant is substantially isolated from the outside. Gas flow path And supplying air to force cathode space composed of a space communicating to.
- Closing means For example, a valve or a gate can be used. Depending on the fuel gas or oxidant gas supply device (such as a pump), the flow path may be closed by the stopped supply device itself.
- the anode space consisting of the fuel gas flow path substantially isolated from the outside by being closed and the space communicating therewith includes, for example, a flow path on the anode side inside the cell of the fuel cell and both ends.
- the fuel gas flow path that is sealed is connected to the closed internal flow path, and the external force indicates the sealed flow path.
- the anode space is substantially isolated (sealed) from the outside, and is configured so that gas does not enter and exit from the outside of the flow path unless the sealing is released.
- the oxidant gas flow path that is substantially isolated from the outside by being closed and the force sword space composed of the space communicating with the oxidant gas flow path include, for example, a flow path on the force sword side inside the cell of the fuel cell.
- the oxidant gas flow path sealed at both ends and the closed internal flow path have a connecting force S, and the external force indicates the sealed flow path.
- the force sword space is substantially isolated (sealed) from the outside, and is configured so that gas does not enter and exit from the outside of the flow path unless the seal is released.
- Preventing decompression leads to preventing damage to the polymer electrolyte membrane and short-circuiting of the electrodes. There is no need to supply hydrogen to the anode space or the force sword space. High energy efficiency is achieved without the need to operate hydrogen generators during non-power generation or consume hydrogen from the hydrogen infrastructure. Special buttons for purging the power sword space with inert gas There is also an advantage that the configuration can be simplified. Needless to say, the present invention is also effective in a configuration in which an inert gas is supplied with a cylinder force.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention further includes a gas purifier that purifies the raw material gas, and a hydrogen generator that generates fuel gas from the raw material gas cartridge, Inert gas
- the raw material gas purified by the gas purifier may be used.
- the volume of the anode space may be larger than the volume of the cathode space. Further, when the temperature is stabilized after the power generation is stopped, the volumes of the anode space and the force sword space are set so that the reducing agent becomes excessive with respect to the oxidant in the combined space of the anode space and the force sword space. It may be set.
- the volume of the anode space may be 1 to 3 times the volume of the force sword space.
- the reducing agent for example, hydrogen
- the oxidizing agent for example, oxygen
- the fuel cell system may have a buffer portion in the anode space.
- a control device a first on-off valve arranged to open and close the supply side of the fuel gas flow path, and the fuel gas flow path
- a second on-off valve arranged to be able to open and close the discharge side of the gas
- a third on-off valve arranged to be able to open and close the supply side of the oxidant gas flow path, and the discharge of the oxidant gas flow path
- a fourth on-off valve arranged to be openable and closable, and the control device closes the first on-off valve and the second on-off valve during non-power generation, thereby allowing the fuel gas flow
- the third on-off valve and the The oxidant gas flow path may be closed by closing the fourth on-off valve.
- each flow channel can be closed easily and easily by the on-off valves disposed in the fuel gas flow channel and the oxidant gas flow channel.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention further includes a control device, wherein the inert gas supply device includes a fifth on-off valve, and the air supply device includes a sixth on-off valve.
- the control device controls the supply of the inert gas to the anode space by opening and closing the fifth on-off valve during non-power generation, and opens and closes the sixth on-off valve.
- the supply of the air to the writing sword space may be controlled.
- the supply of the inert gas to the anode space and the supply of air to the force sword space can be controlled simply and easily by opening and closing the on-off valve by the control device.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention further includes a control device, and a pressure detection device that directly or indirectly detects the pressure of the anode space or the force sword space, and the control device includes: In the non-power generation, based on the detection result of the pressure detection device, the inert gas supply device supplies the inert gas to the anode space and the air supply device supplies the air to the force sword space. May control the supply of
- the supply of the inert gas to the anode space and the supply of air to the force sword space can be controlled based on the actually detected pressure in the anode space or the force sword space. Therefore, pressure drop in the anode space and the force sword space can be prevented more reliably.
- the control device when the anode space pressure, which is the pressure in the anode space, becomes lower than the inert gas supply pressure by a first pressure or more, the control device A gas supply device is controlled to supply the inert gas to the anode space until the anode space pressure is substantially equal to the supply pressure of the inert gas, and a force sword that is a pressure in the force sword space.
- the air supply device is controlled to supply the air to the force sword space until the force sword space pressure is substantially equal to the atmosphere pressure. May be.
- control device may control an anode space pressure that is a pressure in the anode space.
- the inert gas supply device is controlled.
- the inert gas is supplied to the anode space until the anode space pressure becomes substantially equal to the supply pressure of the inert gas, and the force sword space pressure, which is the pressure in the force sword space, is greater than the atmospheric pressure. If the pressure becomes smaller than the second pressure, the air supply device may be controlled to supply the air to the force sword space until the force sword space pressure becomes substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure.
- control device controls the inert gas supply device when the anode space pressure, which is the pressure in the anode space, becomes lower than the first atmospheric pressure by a first pressure or more, and controls the anode space pressure.
- the inert gas is supplied to the anode space, and the force sword space pressure, which is the pressure in the force sword space, is equal to or higher than the standard atmospheric pressure by a second pressure.
- the air supply device may be controlled to supply the air to the cathode space until the force sword space pressure is substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure.
- the first pressure and the second pressure may be set to 5 kPa or more and 20 kPa or less, respectively!
- the fuel cell system of the present invention further includes a control device, and a temperature detection device that directly or indirectly detects the temperature of the anode space or the force sword space, and the control device includes: During non-power generation, the supply of the inert gas to the anode space and the supply of the air to the force sword space may be controlled based on the detection result of the temperature detection device.
- the control device controls the inert gas supply device each time the detection result of the temperature detection device decreases by a first temperature difference.
- An active gas is supplied to the anode space, and the air supply device is controlled to supply the air to the force sword space, and the first temperature difference is not less than 5 ° C and not more than 20 ° C. Good.
- control is facilitated because the gas is supplied every time the temperature of the anode space and the force sword space is lowered by a predetermined temperature.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention further includes a control device and a time measuring device for measuring an elapsed time after the power generation is stopped, and the control device performs the timekeeping after the power generation is stopped. Based on the measurement result of the apparatus, the supply of the inert gas to the anode space and the supply of the air to the force sword space may be controlled.
- the gas is supplied to the anode space and the force sword space based on the elapsed time after the power generation is stopped, so that the control becomes extremely easy.
- the hydrogen generator includes a panner, and at startup, the gas in the anode space is guided to the panner, and the gas is burned by the panner. Moh.
- the raw material gas supplied to the anode space is not released into the air as it is, and safety is improved.
- energy efficiency can be improved by using the source gas supplied to the anode space for heating the hydrogen generator.
- the present invention has the above-described configuration, and has the following effects. That is, there is an effect that it is possible to provide a fuel cell system that can surely prevent deterioration of the electrode during non-power generation even after repeated start and stop with high energy efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an internal structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a fuel cell (stack) in which cells are stacked.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of hardware of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a stop operation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a start-up operation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of hardware of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of hardware of a fuel cell system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of a fuel cell system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of a fuel cell system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a stop operation of the fuel cell system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- Purified raw material gas supply pipe Purified raw material gas bypass pipe Fuel gas supply pipe
- the anode space originally has a reducing atmosphere rich in hydrogen. Inert gas has no effect on lowering the electrode potential, but if inert gas is supplied to reduce the pressure difference from the outside, there is no danger of oxygen in the air entering and raising the potential.
- the force sword space is originally in an oxidative atmosphere due to oxygen derived from the air, but if the force sword space is isolated from the outside, the oxygen remaining inside will be derived from the anode. It reacts with hydrogen to become water, and gases other than oxygen such as nitrogen remain. Air mainly consists of oxygen and nitrogen, but by selectively consuming only oxygen, the anode space can be filled with nitrogen.
- Nitrogen unlike oxygen, has little effect on the electrode potential, thus preventing an increase in electrode potential.
- the test machine was actually assembled and operated as described above, and the potential of the electrode was measured. As a result, the potential (vs. SHE) of both the anode and the force sword was reliably maintained below + 0.88V.
- the electrode potential can be reliably lowered, and deterioration of the electrode can be prevented.
- a special cylinder or the like for purging the power sword space with inert gas is not necessary, and the configuration can be simplified. Since an amount of gas that compensates for the pressure drop is supplied to both the anode space and the force sword space, the amount of oxygen mixed with the pressure difference from the atmosphere can be kept extremely small. By preventing the decompression, damage to the polymer electrolyte membrane and short-circuiting of the electrodes can be prevented. Since there is no need to supply hydrogen to the anode space or the power sword space, high energy efficiency can be realized without the need to operate a hydrogen generator or consume hydrogen from the hydrogen infrastructure during non-power generation.
- a reducing agent for example, hydrogen
- an oxidizing agent for example, hydrogen
- the volume ratio varies depending on the temperature and composition of the gas supplied to the anode and power sword (including the partial pressure of water vapor), the temperature at the time of power generation and shutdown, and so on. In general, for example, the volume can be calculated by the following method. For simplicity, it is assumed that each gas follows the ideal gas equation of state.
- the amount of material in the anode space and the force sword space varies depending on the supply of gas from the outside. As the temperature decreases, the volume decreases if the mass and pressure are constant. Also, if gas is consumed by the reaction, the volume will also decrease.
- the temperature inside the fuel cell when the operation is stopped is set to room temperature (for example, 25 ° C).
- Oxidant gas gas supplied to the power sword: air
- n c X (1 -PW)
- the gas in the anode space (anode gas) mainly contains water vapor, carbon dioxide in addition to hydrogen.
- the anode gas temperature is 70 ° C, for example, and the hydrogen partial pressure ratio in the anode gas is PH.
- the molar ratio of the total amount of materials in the anode space and the force sword space can be obtained as follows.
- the volume ratio between the card space and the force sword space can be obtained.
- the volume (theoretical value) of the anode space becomes almost equal to the volume of the force sword space.
- the force with which the electrode potential is less likely to rise if hydrogen is excessive.
- the larger the anode space the larger the device and the more hydrogen is required.
- the volume of the anode space is actually 1 to 3 times the volume of the force sword space. It is preferable to do this.
- This powerful configuration ensures that the potential of the electrode during non-power generation can be kept lower than + 0.88V, preventing electrode deterioration and improving electrode life.
- the powerful configuration is expected to prevent electrode deterioration even when the outage period is about one month.
- the closing mechanism for example, a closing valve
- air inflow or hydrogen outflow due to leakage cannot be ignored.
- the volume of the anode space is preferably larger than the volume of the force sword space.
- the volume of the anode space is more preferably greater than 1 and less than 3 times the volume of the force sword space. More preferably, the volume of the anode space is 1.5 times to 3 times the volume of the force sword space.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the internal structure of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 11, a catalyst layer 12a, a catalyst layer 12c, a gas diffusion layer 13a, a gas diffusion layer 13c, a conductive separator 16a, Conductive separator 16c, MEA gasket 17a, MEA gasket 17c, and separator gasket 18 are provided.
- the catalyst layer 12a and the catalyst layer 12c are arranged in close contact with both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 11.
- the gas diffusion layer 13a and the catalyst layer 12a constitute an electrode 14a (anode), and the gas diffusion layer 13c and the catalyst layer 12c constitute an electrode 14c (force sword).
- the electrode 14a and the electrode 14c and the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 constitute a MEA (membrane electrode assembly) 15.
- MEA 15 is sandwiched between a pair of conductive separator 16a and conductive separator 16c.
- the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c mechanically fix the MEA 15 and electrically connect adjacent MEAs 15 to each other in series.
- MEA 15 and conductive separator 16a are sealed with MEA gasket 17a
- MEA 15 and conductive separator 16c are sealed with MEA gasket 17c.
- the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16a of the adjacent cell 19 are in contact with the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c on the surface opposite to the MEA 15, respectively.
- the conductive separator 16 a and the conductive separator 16 c are sealed with a separator gasket 18.
- the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c are each provided with an anode gas flow path on the surface in contact with the MEA 15 in order to supply the reaction gas to the electrode and carry away the gas generated by the reaction and excess gas.
- 20a, force sword gas flow path 20c is carved.
- the gas inlets of the anode gas flow path 20a communicate with an anode-side supply manifold (not shown).
- the gas outlets of the anode gas channel 20a communicate with a discharge manifold on the anode side (not shown).
- the anode-side supply manifold, the anode gas flow path 20a, and the anode-side exhaust manifold form an anode-side gas flow path 97 that is one flow path inside the fuel cell.
- the gas inlets of the force sword gas passage 20c communicate with a supply manifold on the cathode side (not shown).
- the gas outlets of the force sword gas passage 20c communicate with an exhaust manifold on the force sword side (not shown).
- the supply sword side of the force sword, the force sword gas passage 20c, and the discharge sword side of the force sword form a force sword side gas passage 98 which is one passage inside the fuel cell.
- the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c are cooled on the boundary surface of the adjacent cell 19.
- a water rejection channel 21 is provided. Cooling water flows through the cooling water passage 21. The cooling water removes heat generated in the MEA 15 via the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c.
- the cell 19 can be preferably created as follows. Carbon powder acetylene black (Denka Black, Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., particle size 35nm) was mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) aqueous dispersion (D1 made by Daikin Industries). Prepare a water-repellent ink containing 20% by weight of PTFE as the dry weight. This ink is applied and impregnated on carbon paper (TGPH060H manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) as a base material for the gas diffusion layer, heat treated at 300 ° C. using a hot air dryer, and the gas diffusion layer 13a and A gas diffusion layer 13c (about 200 ⁇ m) is formed.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a catalyst body obtained by supporting a Pt catalyst on Ketjen Black (Ketjen Black EC, Ketjen Black International Co., Ltd., particle size 30 nm), which is carbon powder (50% by weight is 1 ⁇ ) 66 parts by weight is mixed with 33 parts by weight (polymer dry weight) of hydrogen fluoride conductive material and binder perfluoroca monobon sulfonic acid ionomer (5% 0 / oNafion dispersion manufactured by Aldrich, USA) The obtained mixture is molded to form a catalyst layer 12a and a catalyst layer 12c (10 to 20 m).
- the gas diffusion layer 13a, the gas diffusion layer 13c, the catalyst layer 12a, and the catalyst layer 12c obtained as described above were bonded to both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 (Nafionl 12 membrane manufactured by DuPont, USA). Make MEA15.
- rubber gasket plates (MEA gasket 17a and MEA gasket 17c) are joined to the outer peripheral portion of the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 of MEA 15 manufactured as described above, and cooling water, fuel gas, and oxidizing agent are joined. Forms a mould hole for gas flow.
- the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c have a outer diameter of 20 cm x 32 cm x I. 3 mm, and have a grooved gas flow path and a grooved cooling water flow path with a depth of 0.5 mm. Use a graphite plate impregnated with fat.
- Components of separator gasket 18 include fluoro rubber, polyisoprene, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, liquid crystal polymer, polyimide resin, polyether ether ketone resin, polyetherimide resin.
- Examples include at least one selected from the group consisting of resins (including composite materials containing two or more of these). From the viewpoint of durability, fluororubber is preferred.
- the MEA 15, the conductive separator 16a and the conductive separator 16c, and the separator gasket 18 are laminated to form a cell 19.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a fuel cell (stack) in which cells are stacked.
- the fuel battery 30 includes a plurality of stacked cells 19, a pair of current collecting plates 31 a and current collecting plates 31 c, a pair of insulating plates 32, and a pair of end plates 33. Since the voltage per cell is usually as low as +0.75 V, in the fuel cell 30, a plurality of cells 19 are stacked in series so that a high voltage can be achieved. A current is taken out from the fuel cell 30 through the current collecting plate 3 la and the current collecting plate 31c.
- the insulating plate 32 electrically isolates the cell 19 from the outside.
- the end plate 33 fastens and mechanically holds the fuel cell 30 in which the cells 19 are stacked.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 40 of the present embodiment generally includes a fuel cell 30, a gas purifier 41, a hydrogen generator 42, a panner 43, a blower 44, a filter 45, a humidifier 46, and a pump 47. And an outer casing 48, a control device 49, and an input / output device 50.
- the panner 43 is disposed so as to be able to supply combustion heat to the hydrogen generator 42.
- the gas inlet of the gas purifier 41 is connected to a gas main plug (not shown) through an unpurified raw material gas supply pipe 51.
- the unpurified source gas supply pipe 51 is provided with an open / close valve 52 that opens and closes the flow path of the unpurified source gas supply pipe 51.
- the gas exhaust port of the gas purifier 41 is connected to the gas intake port of the hydrogen generator 42 through a purified raw material gas supply pipe 53.
- the purified raw material gas supply pipe 53 is also connected to the starting end of the purified raw material gas bypass pipe 54. Gas emission from the hydrogen generator 42
- the outlet is connected to a gas inlet on the anode side of the fuel cell 30 by a fuel gas supply pipe 55.
- the fuel gas supply pipe 55 is provided with an on-off valve 56 (first on-off valve) that opens and closes the flow path of the fuel gas supply pipe 55.
- the fuel gas supply pipe 55 is connected to the start of a fuel gas bypass pipe 57 between the hydrogen generator 42 and the open / close valve 56.
- the purified raw material gas bypass is connected between the open / close valve 56 and the fuel cell 30.
- the end of tube 54 is connected.
- the purified source gas bypass pipe 54 is provided with an open / close valve 58 (fifth on / off valve) for opening and closing the flow path of the purified source gas bypass pipe 54.
- the fuel gas supply pipe 55 is provided with an anode space pressure detection device 59a for detecting the pressure inside the flow path between the connection with the purified raw material gas no-pass pipe 54 and the fuel cell 30.
- the gas discharge port on the anode side of the fuel cell 30 is connected to the gas intake port of the PANANER 43 through an off-gas pipe 60.
- the off-gas pipe 60 is provided with an on-off valve 61 (second on-off valve) that opens and closes the flow path of the off-gas pipe 60.
- the end of the fuel gas bypass pipe 57 is connected to the portion between the on-off valve 61 and the burner 43 of the off gas pipe 60.
- the fuel gas bypass pipe 57 short-circuits the fuel gas supply pipe 55 and the off gas pipe 60 without passing through the fuel cell 30.
- the fuel gas bypass pipe 57 is provided with an open / close valve 62 that opens and closes the flow path of the fuel gas bypass pipe 57.
- a combustion exhaust gas discharge pipe 63 is connected to the gas exhaust port of the PANA 43 so that the exhaust gas from the PANA 43 can be discharged out of the fuel cell system.
- the unpurified raw material gas supply pipe 51, the purified raw material gas supply pipe 53, the fuel gas supply pipe 55, the anode side gas flow path 97, the off gas pipe 60, and the combustion exhaust gas discharge pipe 63 are used in this embodiment.
- a fuel gas flow path is formed.
- the purified raw material gas bypass pipe 54 and the on-off valve 58 constitute the inert gas supply device in this embodiment.
- the on-off valve 56, the on-off valve 61, and the on-off valve 58 (closing mechanism) are shut off from the on-off valve 56 of the fuel gas supply pipe 55.
- An oxidant gas intake pipe 64 is connected to the gas intake port of the blower 44 so that air from the outside can be taken in by the blower 44.
- the gas outlet of the blower 44 is connected to the gas inlet of the filter 45 by an unpurified oxidant gas supply pipe 65.
- the gas discharge port of the filter 45 is connected to the oxidant gas intake port of the humidifier 46 by a purified oxidant gas supply pipe 66.
- the purified oxidant gas supply pipe 66 is also connected to the start end of the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67.
- a humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68 is connected to the gas inlet on the power sword side of the fuel cell 30 at the oxidant gas discharge port of the humidifier 46.
- the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68 is provided with an open / close valve 69 (third open / close valve) that opens and closes the flow path of the calo moisturized oxidant gas supply pipe 68.
- the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68 is connected between the on-off valve 69 and the fuel cell 30 with the terminal end of the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67, and flows between the connection and the fuel cell 30.
- a force sword space pressure detection device 59c for detecting the pressure inside the passage is provided.
- the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67 is provided with an open / close valve 70 (sixth on-off valve) that opens and closes the flow path of the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67.
- the gas discharge port on the power sword side of the fuel cell 30 is connected to the oxidant exhaust gas intake port of the humidifier 46 by an oxidant discharge pipe 71.
- the oxidant discharge pipe 71 is provided with an open / close valve 72 (fourth open / close valve) that opens and closes the flow path of the oxidant discharge pipe 71.
- the oxidant exhaust gas discharge port of the humidifier 46 is connected to an oxidant exhaust gas exhaust pipe 73 so that the oxidant exhaust gas discharged from the humidifier can be discharged out of the system.
- the oxidant gas flow path in this embodiment is formed by the oxidant exhaust gas discharge pipe 73.
- the oxidant gas bypass pipe 67 and the on-off valve 70 constitute the air supply apparatus in this embodiment.
- On-off valve 69, on-off valve 72, and on-off valve 70 (closing mechanism) are closed (sealed) from the outside, that is, in the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68, which is substantially isolated from the outside.
- the part of the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67 from the on-off valve 70 to the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68, the power sword side gas flow path 98, and the fuel cell 30 of the oxidant discharge pipe 71 Inside of the part from the gas outlet on the cathode side to the on-off valve 72, and the pipe connecting the force sword space pressure detector 59c and the caro moist oxidant gas supply pipe 68 (indicated by double lines in the figure) This portion becomes the force sword space 112 in the present embodiment.
- the volumes of the anode space and the force sword space can be compared without being measured, for example, by the following method.
- the first method is as follows. A first gas (for example, nitrogen) is filled in the anode space and the cathode space, and a second gas (for example, hydrogen) is simultaneously injected into the anode space and the force sword space. Measure the time that the second gas exits the anode space and the force sword space, and compare the magnitude relationship between the anode space and the force sword space.
- the second method is as follows. In the first method, data on the relationship between the time and volume required for the second gas to come out is stored in advance, and the volume is determined from the measured time.
- the third method is as follows.
- the cooling water intake port of the pump 47 is connected to a cooling water discharge port of a hot water storage tank (not shown) by a cooling water intake pipe 74.
- the cooling water discharge port of the pump 47 is connected to the cooling water intake port of the fuel cell 30 through a cooling water supply pipe 75.
- the cooling water discharge port of the fuel cell 30 is connected to the cooling water intake port of the humidifier 46 through a cooling water discharge pipe 76.
- the cooling water discharge port of the humidifier 46 is connected to a cooling water intake port of a hot water storage tank (not shown) from a cooling water resupply pipe 77 mm.
- a hydrocarbon-based gas such as natural gas or propane gas can be used as a raw material gas, and preferably a city gas that is a mixed gas of methane, ethane, propane, and butane. 13A is used.
- any oxidizer gas may be used as long as it is a mixed gas of oxidizer and inert gas that uses air.
- Gas purifier 41 is a member that removes gas odorants such as TBM (tertiary butyl mercaptan), DMS (dimethyl sulfide), THT (tetrahydrothiophene), etc. Is used.
- the humidifier 46 one that allows an oxidant gas to flow into warm water, one that blows water into an oxidizing agent gas, or the like can be used.
- a total heat exchange type humidifier is preferably used. This is because when exhaust gas and cooling water pass through the humidifier 46, water and heat are first transferred from the exhaust gas to the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas intake pipe 64. And move heat.
- On-off valve 52, on-off valve 56, on-off valve 58, on-off valve 61, on-off valve 62, on-off valve 69, on-off valve 70, on-off valve 72 are any type that can close the flow path in the piping.
- solenoid valves, electric ball valves, etc. are used.
- the anode space pressure detection device 59a and the force sword space pressure detection device 59c may be any device that can detect the gas pressure in the flow path inside the pipe.
- a pressure sensor using a diaphragm is used. used.
- the raw material gas purified by the gas purifier 41 can be used as the inert gas.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell used in this embodiment has little reactivity and can be treated as an inert gas.
- the inert gas does not necessarily need to be a raw material gas. It does not cause an electrode reaction inside the stopped fuel cell (does not contribute to the oxidation-reduction reaction of the electrode), and does not attack the electrode, and is chemically stable. Any gas may be used as long as it has gas.
- the inert gas for example, city gas such as 13A gas, natural gas, methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, butane gas, nitrogen, argon and the like can be used.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon
- Hydrogen gas cannot be used as an inert gas.
- city gas containing methane, propane, or the like is used as the source gas, the odorant (S component) contained in the city gas is removed as an impurity, and the purified gas is used as the inert gas. This removal of impurities is performed to prevent poisoning of Pt contained in the catalyst layer.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a control system of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the control system of the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes a control device 49 having a control unit 80, a storage unit 81, and a timing device 82.
- the control unit 80 receives signals from the timing device 82 and the input / output device 50.
- the calculation result and the like are stored in the storage unit 81 as necessary.
- the control unit 80 receives detection signals from a temperature detection device (not shown) disposed in the hydrogen generation device 42, an anode space pressure detection device 59a, a force sword space pressure detection device 59c, and a voltage measurement unit 96, and a storage unit 8 Based on the program stored in 1 and the parameter values received from the I / O device 50, the PANANER 43, the on-off valve 52, the on-off valve 56, the on-off valve 58, the on-off valve 61, the on-off valve 62, the on-off valve 69, the on-off valve Controls the operation of valve 70, on-off valve 72, blower 44, pump 47, and power circuit unit 95.
- control unit 80 for example, a CPU is used.
- storage unit 81 for example, an internal memory is used.
- timing device 82 for example, a clock circuit with a calendar is used.
- one control device 49 and one control unit 80 are provided to perform centralized control, but a plurality of each of them may be provided to perform distributed control.
- the raw material gas introduced from the outside through the unpurified raw material gas supply pipe 51 is purified by the gas purifier 41 that removes substances that adversely affect the fuel cell, and then the hydrogen is passed through the purified raw material gas supply pipe 53.
- the source gas is supplied in a pressurized state at the main plug, and is not shown in the drawing in the unpurified source gas supply pipe 51 between the open / close valve 52 and the gas purifier 41, a needle valve (something is a The flow rate is adjusted by a single star pump or the like.
- the hydrogen generator 42 generates a fuel gas containing at least hydrogen from the raw material gas by a water vapor reforming reaction.
- the fuel gas is led from the hydrogen generator 42 to the anode side of the fuel cell 30 through the fuel gas supply pipe 55.
- hydrogen is generated by the reaction shown in (Chemical Formula 6) or the like.
- the carbon monoxide generated at the same time is removed so as to be less than lOppm by shift reaction as shown in (Chemical formula 7) and carbon monoxide selective oxidation reaction as shown in (Chemical formula 8).
- a fuel gas containing hydrogen and moisture is created and flows into the fuel cell 30 of the fuel cell via the fuel gas supply pipe 55.
- the reaction for generating fuel gas from the raw material gas is an endothermic reaction as shown in (Chemical Formula 6), and the combustion heat generated in the PANA 43 is used as the heat required for the reaction.
- the fuel gas that has passed through the fuel cell 30 is led to the burner 43 through the off-gas pipe 60 and burned.
- the exhaust gas from the PANA 43 is discharged out of the fuel cell system through the combustion exhaust gas discharge pipe 63. If the discharged fuel gas contains high-concentration CO, such as when the hydrogen generator 42 is started, the control device 49 closes the on-off valve 56 and the on-off valve 61 and opens and closes the fuel gas bypass pipe 57. Valve 62 is opened. With this control, the fuel gas is guided to the off-gas pipe 60 without passing through the fuel cell 30 and burned in the non-node 43.
- the combustion heat of the PANA 43 is used for heating of the hydrogen generator 42, an endothermic reaction for generating fuel gas from the raw material gas, and the like.
- the oxidant gas (air) is taken into the blower 44 from the outside through the oxidant gas intake pipe 64, pressurized, and supplied to the filter 45. After the impurities are removed by the filter 45, the oxidant gas is humidified by the humidifier 46, takes in moisture necessary for the fuel cell, and is led to the power sword side of the fuel cell 30 through the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68. .
- the oxidant exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 30 is guided to the humidifier 46 through the oxidant discharge pipe 71.
- the oxidant exhaust gas is hot and contains a lot of moisture, and the humidifier 46 supplies moisture and heat to the oxidant gas.
- the oxidant exhaust gas discharged from the humidifier 46 is discharged out of the fuel cell system through the oxidant exhaust gas exhaust pipe 73.
- the pump 47 also takes in the hot water storage tank force through the cooling water intake pipe 74, and supplies the cooling water to the fuel cell fuel cell 30 through the cooling water supply pipe 75.
- the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell 30 is supplied to the humidifier 46 through the cooling water discharge pipe 76.
- the cooling water exiting the fuel cell 30 is at a high temperature, and the humidifier 46 supplies moisture and heat to the oxidant gas. Discharged from the humidifier 46
- the cooled water is returned from the cooling water resupply pipe 77 to the hot water storage tank.
- the heated fuel cell 30 is maintained at a constant temperature.
- the heat generated in the fuel cell 30 of the fuel cell is stored in the hot water storage tank and used for hot water supply.
- An example of operating conditions in the present embodiment is as follows.
- the temperature of the fuel cell 30 is 70 ° C
- the fuel gas utilization rate (Uf) is 75%
- the oxygen utilization rate (Uo) is 50%.
- the fuel gas and air are humidified so as to have dew points of 66 ° C. and 66 ° C., respectively, and a current of a certain voltage is taken out from the power circuit unit 95 as power.
- the current is adjusted to a current density of 0.2 AZcm 2 with respect to the apparent area of the electrode.
- the operation of pump 47 is adjusted so that the water temperature in cooling water intake pipe 74 is 60 ° C and the water temperature in cooling water resupply pipe 77 is 68 ° C.
- the control device 49 determines the amount of power to be supplied to the system power and the amount of power to be supplied by power generation using the fuel cell 30 (target value of generated power). Is determined. Then, a command is transmitted to each device such as a pump and a blower so that the generated power changes at a constant speed (ratio: for example, 1 WZ seconds) toward the target value of the generated power.
- the voltage of the fuel cell 30 is monitored by the voltage measuring unit 96, and when a voltage drop exceeding a predetermined value is detected, a command is transmitted to each device so as to stop the change in the generated power.
- the power circuit unit 95 converts the DC power extracted from the fuel cell 30 into AC, and is connected to a power line used at home by a so-called grid connection.
- An oxygen-containing gas such as air flows through the force sword gas passage 20c, and a fuel gas containing hydrogen flows through the anode gas passage 20a.
- Hydrogen in the fuel gas diffuses in the gas diffusion layer 13a and reaches the catalyst layer 12a.
- hydrogen is separated into hydrogen ions and electrons. The electrons are moved to the power sword side through an external circuit.
- Hydrogen ions permeate the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 and move to the force sword side to reach the catalyst layer 12c.
- Oxygen in the oxidant gas such as air expands the gas diffusion layer 13c. Scattered and reaches catalyst layer 12c.
- oxygen reacts with electrons to form oxygen ions
- oxygen ions react with hydrogen ions to produce water.
- the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel gas react around the MEA 15 to generate water, and an electromotive force is generated between the catalyst layer 12a and the catalyst layer 12c.
- heat is generated in addition to water, and the temperature of MEA 15 rises.
- the generated heat is removed out of the fuel cell 30 by the cooling water flowing through the cooling water passage 21.
- the ionization of the fixed charge is reduced, so the movement of hydrogen ions is reduced, and the power generation and heat generation are reduced. If there is too much water, water will accumulate around MEA 15 or around catalyst layer 12a and catalyst layer 12c. If water stays, the supply of gas is hindered and the reaction is suppressed, and the power generation and heat generation are also reduced.
- the fuel cell according to the present embodiment causes a fuel gas containing at least hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen such as air to be electrochemically reacted by a gas diffusion electrode, and generates electricity and heat simultaneously.
- Reactions represented by (Chemical Formula 9) and (Chemical Formula 10) occur in the catalyst layer 12a and the catalyst layer 12c, respectively, and the reaction represented by (Chemical Formula 11) proceeds as a whole fuel cell.
- the fuel gas containing at least hydrogen causes the reaction shown in (Chemical Formula 9) (hereinafter referred to as the anodic reaction).
- the hydrogen ions migrated through the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 cause water to produce a reaction (hereinafter referred to as force sword reaction) shown in (Chemical Formula 10) in the oxidant gas and the catalyst layer 12c.
- force sword reaction shown in (Chemical Formula 10) in the oxidant gas and the catalyst layer 12c.
- the side involving the fuel gas such as hydrogen is the anode side (the part marked with a in the figure), and the side involving the oxidant gas such as air is the force sword side (the part marked with c in the figure).
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 has a fixed charge, and hydrogen ions exist as counter ions of the fixed charge.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 needs to retain moisture.
- the fixed charge fixed in the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 is ionized, and the hydrogen force S ion, which is a counter ion of the fixed charge, is moved so that it can move. It is the power that becomes.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a stop operation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the stop operation of the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the control device 49 should detect that fact and should the power generation by the fuel cell 30 continue? Then, determine whether to stop power generation and supply all required power from outside (system). When it is determined that power generation should be continued, a command is sent to each device such as a pump or blower so that the generated power changes (increases / decreases) with a certain amount of change using the required generated power as a target value. The On the other hand, when it is determined that power generation by the fuel cell 30 should be stopped, the control device 49 starts a stop operation (start). When the stop operation is started, the first stop process is first performed.
- the control device 49 receives the current time from the time measuring device 82, and stores it as the stop operation start time (step S101).
- Supply of the oxidant gas from the blower is stopped (step S102), the on-off valve 69 and the on-off valve 72 are closed, and the oxidant gas flow path is closed (step S103).
- the on-off valve 70 is closed during the power generation operation, and is also closed at the time of step S103.
- the force sword space 112 is cut off from the external force by the forceful operation.
- the supply of the fuel gas with the power of the hydrogen generator 42 is stopped (step S104), the on-off valve 56 and the on-off valve 61 are closed, and the fuel gas flow path is closed (step S105).
- the on-off valve 58 is closed during the power generation operation, and is also closed at the time of step S105.
- the anode space 111 is interrupted by an external force, and power generation is also stopped (current extraction is stopped).
- Fuel gas When the supply of gas and oxidant gas is stopped, the circulation of the cooling water is stopped (step S1 06).
- the potential of the stopped anode and force sword is kept around ⁇ OV (vs. SHE) by stopping the fuel cell 30 with as much oxygen as possible removed. It is preferable to close the power sword and the anode in this order.
- the first stop process is completed.
- the second stop process is performed.
- the supply of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is stopped, the temperature of the fuel cell 30 is lowered, and the pressure in the anode space 111 and the power sword space 112 is also lowered.
- the cause of the pressure drop is mainly that cross leak occurs through the polymer electrolyte membrane 11, hydrogen and oxygen react and are consumed, and water vapor condenses due to temperature drop.
- the control device 49 detects the pressure in the anode space 111 (anode space pressure) by the anode space pressure detection device 59a, and detects the pressure in the force sword space 112 (cathode space pressure) by the force sword space pressure detection device 59c. .
- step S107 it is determined whether or not the anode space pressure is lower than the first pressure. If YES in step S107, the on-off valve 58 is opened. At this time, the on-off valve 52 is fully opened, and the unillustrated needle valve disposed in the unpurified raw material gas supply pipe 51 between the on-off valve 52 and the gas purifier 41 is also fully opened ( When a booster pump or the like is used instead of the needle valve, the pump is stopped and fully open). Therefore, the raw material gas purified by the gas purifier 41 (inert gas) 1S is supplied to the anode space 111 through the purified raw material gas bypass pipe 54 (step S 1 08), and the inert gas supply stoppage determination is made. Is done. If it is determined NO in step S107, it is determined whether to stop supplying inert gas.
- the first pressure is set to a value 5 kPa lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- the atmospheric pressure may be the atmospheric pressure around the fuel cell power generation system detected by an atmospheric pressure detector (not shown), but the atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa (l atmospheric pressure: standard (Atmospheric pressure) may be used as a fixed value.
- the reason why the first pressure is set to 5 kPa lower than the ambient pressure is that the operating pressure of the actual low-pressure-loss fuel cell power generation system is 5 to lOkPa or less, and is negative at a pressure lower than the operating pressure. This is because the burden on the seal part is reduced by eliminating the pressure.
- the first pressure for sliding the opening / closing valve 58 less frequently may be a lower value.
- the lower limit is 20 kPa lower than the ambient pressure from the general guaranteed pressure of the seal.
- the anode space pressure detecting device 59a may be configured to detect a differential pressure (negative pressure) between the atmospheric pressure and the anode space pressure. In such a configuration, substantially the same effect can be obtained by controlling the on-off valve 58 based on the comparison between the negative pressure and the first pressure.
- the first pressure may be determined based on the supply pressure of the raw material gas rather than the atmospheric pressure. For example, the first pressure may be set to a value 5 kPa lower than the supply pressure of the raw material gas! /.
- step S109 it is determined whether or not the anode space pressure is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure. If YES is determined in step S109, the on-off valve 58 is closed and supply of the raw material gas (inert gas) is stopped (step S110). After step S110, the force sword space pressure is determined. If NO is determined in step S109, the force sword space pressure is determined as it is.
- step S 111 it is determined whether or not the force sword space pressure is lower than the second pressure. If YES in step S 111, the on-off valve 70 is opened, and the oxidant gas (air) purified by the filter 45 is supplied to the power sword space 112 through the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67. (Step S112), air supply stoppage is determined. If it is determined NO in step S111, it is determined whether to stop air supply. In step S112, the blower 44 is stopped. Since the amount of supplied air is small, air flows into the force sword space 112 through the scroll gap of the blower 44.
- the second pressure is set to a value lower by 5 kPa than the atmospheric pressure.
- the atmospheric pressure may be the atmospheric pressure around the fuel cell power generation system detected by an atmospheric pressure detection device (not shown), but 101.3 kPa (l atmospheric pressure) may be used as a fixed value as the atmospheric pressure.
- the second pressure is set to a value 5 kPa lower than the ambient pressure! This is because the operating pressure of the actual low-pressure-loss fuel cell power generation system is 5 to: LOkPa or less, and the load on the seal is reduced by eliminating the negative pressure at a pressure lower than the operating pressure. It is.
- the second pressure for sliding the opening / closing valve 70 less frequently may be a lower value.
- the lower limit is 20 kPa lower than the ambient pressure from the general guaranteed pressure of the seal.
- the force sword space pressure detection device 59c may be configured to detect a differential pressure (negative pressure) between the atmospheric pressure and the force sword space pressure. In such a configuration, substantially the same effect can be obtained by controlling the on-off valve 70 based on the comparison between the negative pressure and the second pressure.
- the first pressure and the second pressure may be the same or different.
- step S113 it is determined whether or not the force sword space pressure is equal to or higher than the atmospheric pressure. If YES is determined in step S113, the on-off valve 70 is closed and the supply of air is stopped (step S114). After step S114, the stoppage of operation is determined. If it is determined NO in step S114, it is determined whether or not to stop supplying inert gas and air.
- step S115 In the determination of stopping the supply of the inert gas and air, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed after the start of the stop operation (step S115). Using the stop operation start time stored in step S101 and the current time received from the timing device 82, the stop operation is started and the elapsed time of the force is calculated. If the elapsed time exceeds a predetermined time (for example, 1 hour), the supply of inert gas and air is stopped (step S116), and the fuel cell system enters a standby state (end). If the elapsed time does not exceed the predetermined time, the process returns to step S107.
- a predetermined time for example, 1 hour
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the start-up operation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the startup operation of the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the control device 49 detects that fact and all the power from the system is detected. It is determined whether the required power should be supplied or whether the fuel cell should generate electricity. When it is determined that power generation by the fuel cell should be started, the control device 49 starts the start-up operation (start). The control device 49 receives the current time from the timing device 82, and stores it as the start operation start time (step S201). On-off valve 56 and on-off valve 62 are closed, and on-off valve 52, on-off valve 58, and on-off valve 61 are opened.
- the raw material gas purified by the gas purifier 41 is supplied into the anode space 111 through the purified raw material gas bin tube 54 (step S202).
- the gas remaining in the anode space 111 is pushed out by the purified raw material gas and burned in the PANA 43 (step S203).
- the combustion heat of the PANA 43 is used to heat the hydrogen generator 42.
- the powerful operation prevents deflagration gas from being released into the atmosphere, and at the same time, the gas energy remaining in the anode space 111 can be used effectively.
- step S203 it is determined whether or not to stop the supply of the source gas to the anode.
- the supply of source gas to the anode is stopped when the total source gas flow rate reaches approximately three times the anode space volume.
- the supply pressure of the raw material gas, the length and thickness of the pipe, etc. are constant, and the time until the integrated flow rate reaches three times the anode space volume is determined in advance by a simulation experiment. .
- control is performed so that the supply of the source gas is stopped when a predetermined time (for example, 5 minutes) determined in the experiment elapses.
- step S204 the start operation is started and the elapsed time of the force is calculated.
- a determination is made as to whether it has exceeded (step S204). If it is determined that the elapsed time does not exceed the predetermined time, the process returns to step S204 again. If it is determined that the elapsed time exceeds the predetermined time, the on-off valve 58 and the on-off valve 61 are closed and The source gas supply to the card is stopped (step S205).
- the control may be performed based on the detection result of the integrated flow meter that is not the flow time.
- step S206 When the supply of the raw material gas to the anode is stopped, the on-off valve 62 is opened (step S206), the raw material gas is sent to the hydrogen generator 42, and the production of fuel gas is started (step S207). ).
- step S207 the fuel gas from the hydrogen generator 42 does not pass through the fuel cell 30, but is sent directly to the panner through the fuel gas bypass pipe 57.
- the fuel gas discharged from the hydrogen generator 42 at startup may contain a large amount of carbon monoxide. This operation prevents the catalyst inside the fuel cell 30 from being poisoned by carbon monoxide.
- step S208 After generation of the fuel gas is started, it is determined whether or not the power of the fuel gas composition is stable (step S208), and the composition is stable and the carbon monoxide concentration is sufficiently reduced. If the on-off valve 62 is closed, the on-off valve 56 and the on-off valve 61 are opened, and the fuel gas is supplied to the anode (step S209). Further, the on-off valve 69 and the on-off valve 72 are opened, the blower 39 is driven, and the oxidant gas is supplied to the power sword (step S210). Fuel gas and oxidant gas are supplied to the fuel cell 30, and a load is connected to the fuel cell 30, whereby power generation is started (step S211), and the sequence of the startup operation is completed.
- the volume of the anode space be greater than or equal to the volume of the force sword space.
- the arrangement of each on-off valve, the length and cross-sectional area of the piping between the on-off valves, and the gas flow of the fuel cell 30 so that the volume of the anode space is larger than the force sword space. It is desirable that the volume of the road is adjusted. Considering that hydrogen easily leaks through the seal structure and polymer electrolyte membrane 11 in the anode space, it is preferable to adjust the volume of the anode space to be more than the cathode space. Considering the relationship between the dead space and the amount of fuel gas retained in the fuel cell power generation system and the efficiency, the volume of the anode space It is preferable to be less than 3 times between.
- the fuel gas flow path and the oxidant gas flow path are closed to form a sealed anode space and force sword space, respectively.
- gas pressure due to cross-leakage or the like is caused by a decrease in temperature, and usually the pressure decreases.
- air is supplied to the inert gas power sword space so that the pressure does not decrease in the anode space and the power sword space.
- oxygen is consumed and only nitrogen remains, so the electrode potential can be kept low. Since the gas is supplied inside the fuel cell to compensate for the pressure drop, there is no pressure difference from the atmosphere, and oxygen contamination into the anode space can be minimized. By preventing oxygen from being mixed in, the increase in electrode potential is more effectively suppressed and electrode deterioration is reliably prevented.
- Preventing decompression leads to preventing damage to the polymer electrolyte membrane and short-circuiting of the electrodes. Since it is not necessary to supply hydrogen to the anode space or the power sword space, high energy efficiency is achieved without the need to operate a hydrogen generator during non-power generation or consume hydrogen from the hydrogen infrastructure. There is no need for a special cylinder for purging the power sword space with inert gas, and there is an advantage that the configuration can be simplified.
- the raw material gas is used as the inert gas, a cylinder or the like is unnecessary, which is extremely effective for downsizing and improving the efficiency of the apparatus. Since impurities in the raw material gas are removed by the gas purifier, deterioration of the electrode due to impurities is prevented.
- the anode space and the power sword are arranged so that the reducing agent in the fuel gas is excessive with respect to the oxidant in the oxidant gas inside the anode space and the power sword space.
- the volume of the space is set. Due to the powerful configuration, when the operation is stopped, the reducing agent (for example, hydrogen) reacts with the oxidizing agent (for example, oxygen) inside the fuel cell. As a result, the oxidizing agent is consumed and the reducing agent remains inside the fuel cell. Therefore, an increase in electrode potential and deterioration of the electrode are surely prevented.
- the on-off valve 56, the on-off valve 61, the on-off valve 69, and the on-off valve 72 disposed in the fuel gas channel and the oxidant gas channel are simple and easy. Each flow path can be closed.
- supply of the inert gas to the anode space is performed by opening and closing the on-off valve 58 and the on-off valve 70 for supplying the inert gas and air by the control device. And easy and easy control of the supply of oxidant gas to the power sword space
- the inert gas is supplied to the anode space and the force sword space is supplied.
- the air supply can be controlled.
- the supply of inert gas to the anode space and the supply of air to the force sword space can be controlled based on the pressure difference between the pressure in the anode space or the force sword space and the external pressure. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent excess air from flowing into the anode space and the force sword space.
- the first pressure and the second pressure are each set to 5 kPa or more and 20 kPa or less, so that the pressure difference does not become too large.
- the service life of the apparatus can be increased without imposing an excessive burden on the seal portion.
- the gas in the anode space is guided to the panner, and the gas is burned by the panner.
- the source gas supplied to the anode space is not released into the air as it is, and safety is improved.
- energy efficiency can be improved by using the source gas supplied to the anode space for heating the hydrogen generator.
- the pressure in the anode space or the force sword space is estimated from the elapsed time after the stop of power generation in which the supply of inert gas and air is controlled based on the detection result of the pressure in the anode space and the force sword space.
- the control unit 80 calculates the elapsed time after the power generation is stopped based on the time received from the timing device 82, and based on the elapsed time! Control the supply of inert gas and air! ⁇ . In such a configuration, the control becomes simpler.
- the control by the force control device 49 in which the supply of the inert gas and the air is controlled by opening and closing the on-off valve 58 and the on-off valve 70 by the control device 49 is not necessarily required.
- a check valve that is not a solenoid valve as the opening / closing valve 58 and the opening / closing valve 70, the pressure in the anode space and the force sword space can be maintained within a predetermined range.
- the check valve is a backflow prevention type valve that enables gas supply to the anode space and the force sword space while preventing the gas from flowing in the anode space and the force sword space force.
- the inert gas or air is supplied to the anode space or the force sword space when the pressure force of the anode space or the force sword space is lower than the gas supply pressure or the atmospheric pressure by 5 kPa or more. It is desirable to close the flow path when the pressure difference is small (eg, OkPa).
- the pressure detecting means is not required, and control using a computer or the like is not required, so that the configuration can be further simplified.
- the pressure monitoring and the gas supply are stopped when a predetermined time elapses after the start of the stop operation.
- the pressure monitoring and the gas supply may always be performed in the standby state.
- the pressure is monitored and the gas is supplied when power generation is stopped during the operation of the fuel cell system.
- the operation of the fuel cell system is completely terminated (the control device).
- pressure monitoring and gas supply may be performed during the sequence of the operation end operation.
- a buffer unit 90 is added between the on-off valve 58 and the fuel gas supply pipe 55 in the purified raw material gas bypass pipe 54 of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The operation is the same as in the first embodiment, and the same effect can be obtained, so the description is omitted.
- a characteristic configuration and effect of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a part of the flow path is configured to communicate with the bypass pipe 54, but the internal space is larger and the cross-sectional area is larger than that of the pipe.
- the buffer unit 90 can store fuel gas generated during operation. Since the buffer unit 90 constitutes a part of the anode space 111 during non-power generation, a sufficient amount of reducing agent (for example, hydrogen) in the anode space 111 can be secured.
- the noffer section 90 the amount of reducing agent inside the fuel cell during non-power generation can be easily made excessive with respect to the amount of oxidizing agent. Therefore, a decrease in electrode potential during non-power generation is reliably prevented, and electrode deterioration is reliably prevented.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the notch section 91 communicates with the fuel gas supply pipe 55 and constitutes a part of the flow path, but the internal space has a larger cross-sectional area and a larger capacity than the pipe. .
- the buffer unit 91 can store fuel gas generated during operation. Since the buffer unit 91 constitutes a part of the anode space 111 during non-power generation, a sufficient amount of reducing agent (for example, hydrogen) in the anode space 111 can be secured.
- the notch unit 91 the amount of reducing agent inside the fuel cell can be easily made excessive with respect to the amount of oxidizing agent. Therefore, a decrease in electrode potential during non-power generation is reliably prevented, and electrode deterioration is reliably prevented.
- the fuel cell system 102 of the present embodiment is obtained by adding a buffer unit 92 to the inside of the fuel cell 30 of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the first implementation Constituent parts common to the forms are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The operation is the same as in the first embodiment, and the same effect can be obtained.
- characteristic configurations and effects of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic hardware configuration of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the notch unit 92 communicates with the fuel gas channel inside the fuel cell 30 and constitutes a part of the channel.
- the position of the notch portion 92 inside the fuel cell 30 is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of space saving, it is preferable to increase the diameter of the through gas flow path (mold) that exists in the fuel cell 30 stacking direction. ,.
- the nota section 92 can store the fuel gas generated during operation. Since the buffer unit 92 constitutes a part of the anode space 111 during non-power generation, a sufficient amount of reducing agent (for example, hydrogen) in the anode space 111 can be secured. By providing the buffer unit 92, the amount of reducing agent inside the fuel cell can be easily made excessive with respect to the amount of oxidizing agent. Therefore, a decrease in electrode potential during non-power generation is reliably prevented, and electrode deterioration is reliably prevented.
- the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67 of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment is replaced with an air supply pipe 93.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the same effect can be obtained.
- characteristic configurations and effects of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hardware of the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the air supply pipe 93 is disposed so that one end is opened to the atmosphere and the other end communicates between the on-off valve 69 of the humidified oxidant gas supply pipe 68 and the fuel cell 30. .
- the air supply pipe 93 is provided with an opening / closing valve 70.
- the opening / closing valve 70 When the opening / closing valve 70 is opened, air is supplied from the air supply pipe 93 to the force sword space 112.
- the suction pressure loss of air into the force sword space 112 is reduced. Even if the force sword space 112 becomes negative pressure, the pressure immediately starts when the on-off valve 70 is opened. Since the solution is made, physical damage to the polymer electrolyte membrane 11 can be reduced.
- the fuel cell system 104 of the present embodiment is obtained by replacing the force sword space pressure detection device 59c and the anode space pressure detection device 59a of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment with a temperature detection device 94.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the fuel cell system 40 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the start-up operation the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the characteristic configuration, stop operation, and effects of this embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hardware of the fuel cell system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the temperature detection device 94 detects the surface temperature of the fuel cell 30 and sends the detection result to the control device 49.
- the supply of inert gas to the anode space 111 and the supply of air to the force sword space 112 are controlled based on the surface temperature of the fuel cell 30.
- the temperature detection device 94 can directly or indirectly detect the temperature of the gas in the anode space 111 and the force sword space 112, the installation position is not limited.
- the internal temperature of the fuel cell 30 (stack) may be detected.
- a temperature detector 94 may be provided in the hydrogen generator 42, and changes in pressure in the temperature force anode space 111 and the force sword space 112 of the hydrogen generator 42 may be estimated indirectly.
- the relationship between the surface temperature of the fuel cell 30 and the change in pressure in the anode space 111 and the force sword space 112 is obtained in advance by experiments using testers having the same apparatus configuration. It is done. With the same device configuration, the relationship between temperature and pressure is almost equal. In the experiment, the temperature at the time when the pressure in the anode space 111 and the force sword space 112 reached a limit pressure that does not substantially impose a burden on the seal portion (for example, the pressure difference from the atmospheric pressure is 5 kPa) is recorded. At the time, the on-off valve 58 and the on-off valve 70 are opened, and supply of inert gas to the anode space 111 and supply of air to the power sword space 112 are started.
- the on-off valve 58 When the pressure in the anode space in becomes substantially equal to the supply pressure of the inert gas, the on-off valve 58 is closed, the supply of the inert gas is stopped, and the elapsed time after the start of the inert gas supply (inactive The gas supply time (for example, 10 seconds) is stored.
- the on-off valve 70 When the pressure in the force sword space 112 becomes substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure), the on-off valve 70 is closed and the supply of air is stopped, and the elapsed time after starting the air supply (air supply time: 15 seconds, for example) is stored.
- the recorded temperature will be described assuming that the operating temperature (eg 70 ° C) force was also in 5 ° C increments (65 ° C, 60 ° C, 55 ° C--Note that the anode space and force Changes in temperature and pressure inside the sword space may be calculated from theoretical equations, and gas may be supplied each time the temperature drops by the first temperature.
- the first temperature is preferably 5 ° C or more and 20 ° C or less.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a stop operation of the fuel cell system according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the stop operation of the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the control device 49 starts a stop operation (start).
- start When the stop operation is started, the first stop process is performed first. Since the first stopping process is the same as that of Embodiment 1, the description thereof is omitted.
- the second stop process is started.
- the supply of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas is stopped, the temperature of the fuel cell 30 is lowered, and the pressure in the anode space 111 and the force sword space 112 is also lowered.
- the cause of the pressure drop is mainly hydrogen and acid due to cross leak through the polymer electrolyte membrane 11. It is the reaction and consumption of the element and the condensation of water vapor due to the temperature drop.
- step S307 the control device 49 updates T1 with the surface temperature T, receives the current time from the time measuring device 82, and stores it as the gas supply start time (step S309).
- the on-off valve 58 and the on-off valve 70 are opened, and the raw material gas (inert gas) purified by the gas purifier 41 is supplied to the anode space 111 through the purified raw material gas bypass pipe 54 and purified by the filter 45.
- Soiled oxidant gas (air) is supplied to the power sword space 112 through the purified oxidant gas bypass pipe 67 (step S310).
- the elapsed time from the start of gas supply is calculated. If the elapsed time exceeds the inert gas supply time, the on-off valve 58 is closed and the supply of the inert gas is stopped (steps S311 to S312). If the elapsed time exceeds the air supply time, the on-off valve 70 is closed and the supply of air is stopped (steps S313 to S314).
- step S315 A determination is made as to whether or not the surface temperature T of the stack is lower than the shutdown temperature (for example, 30 ° C) (step S315). If YES is determined in step S315, the supply of inert gas and air is stopped (step S316), and the operation is stopped (end). If NO is determined in step S315, the process returns again to step S308.
- the shutdown temperature for example, 30 ° C
- the gas is repeatedly supplied every time the surface temperature of the fuel cell 30 decreases by a predetermined temperature (first temperature).
- first temperature a predetermined temperature
- the hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas is reduced in the anode space 111 and finally filled with hydrogen and the purified raw material gas.
- the force sword space 112 the force of air gradually flowing in. Oxygen in the air is consumed by reacting with hydrogen due to cross leak, and is finally almost filled with nitrogen. According to such an operation, it is possible to prevent damage to the constituent materials of the fuel cell 30 due to a pressure change and inflow of oxygen into the fuel cell. Therefore, the life of the fuel cell system can be improved.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that since the control is performed based on the temperature of the anode space 111 or the force sword space 112, pressure detection is not required and the configuration of the apparatus is simplified. Further, the temperature of the anode space 111 and the force sword space 112 is a predetermined temperature (for example, gas is supplied every time the temperature falls by 5 ° C), so control becomes easy.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is useful as a fuel cell system that can reliably prevent deterioration of the electrode during non-power generation even after repeated start-stop operations with high energy efficiency.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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KR1020087015032A KR101351692B1 (ko) | 2005-12-02 | 2006-11-28 | 연료 전지 시스템 |
CN2006800453274A CN101322274B (zh) | 2005-12-02 | 2006-11-28 | 燃料电池系统 |
US12/095,829 US8071243B2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2006-11-28 | Fuel cell system |
JP2007547941A JP4468994B2 (ja) | 2005-12-02 | 2006-11-28 | 燃料電池システム |
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JP2005-348768 | 2005-12-02 | ||
JP2005348768 | 2005-12-02 |
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US (1) | US8071243B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4468994B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101351692B1 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2007063826A1 (ja) |
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JP2010176993A (ja) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-08-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子形燃料電池システムの停止方法及び固体高分子形燃料電池システム |
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JP2013165042A (ja) * | 2012-02-13 | 2013-08-22 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池装置 |
JP2022144493A (ja) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-10-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP7208287B2 (ja) | 2021-03-19 | 2023-01-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
US11870114B2 (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2024-01-09 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and method of controlling fuel cell system |
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KR20080072058A (ko) | 2008-08-05 |
CN101322274A (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
US8071243B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
KR101351692B1 (ko) | 2014-01-14 |
JP4468994B2 (ja) | 2010-05-26 |
JPWO2007063826A1 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
US20090047555A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
CN101322274B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
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