WO2007115108A1 - Dynamic motion spinal stabilization system - Google Patents
Dynamic motion spinal stabilization system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007115108A1 WO2007115108A1 PCT/US2007/065525 US2007065525W WO2007115108A1 WO 2007115108 A1 WO2007115108 A1 WO 2007115108A1 US 2007065525 W US2007065525 W US 2007065525W WO 2007115108 A1 WO2007115108 A1 WO 2007115108A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- alignment
- dynamic
- spine
- members
- coupling
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7011—Longitudinal element being non-straight, e.g. curved, angled or branched
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7023—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a pivot joint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7025—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a sliding joint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
- A61B17/7007—Parts of the longitudinal elements, e.g. their ends, being specially adapted to fit around the screw or hook heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/701—Longitudinal elements with a non-circular, e.g. rectangular, cross-section
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to skeletal stabilization and, more particularly, to systems and method for stabilization of human spines and, even more particularly, to dynamic stabilization techniques.
- the human spine is a complex structure designed to achieve a myriad of tasks, many of them of a complex kinematic nature.
- the spinal vertebrae allow the spine to flex in three axes of movement relative to the portion of the spine in motion. These axes include the horizontal (bending either forward/anterior or aft/posterior), roll (bending to either left or right side) and vertical (twisting of the shoulders relative to the pelvis).
- vertebrae of the spine In flexing about the horizontal axis into flexion (bending forward or anterior) and extension (bending backward or posterior), vertebrae of the spine must rotate about the horizontal axis to various degrees of rotation. The sum of all such movement about the horizontal axis of produces the overall flexion or extension of the spine.
- the vertebrae that make up the lumbar region of the human spine move through roughly an arc of 15° relative to its adjacent or neighboring vertebrae.
- Vertebrae of other regions of the human spine e.g., the thoracic and cervical regions
- the edge moves through an arc of some degree (e.g., of about 15° in flexion and about 5° in extension if in the lumbar region) centered about a center of rotation.
- some degree e.g., of about 15° in flexion and about 5° in extension if in the lumbar region
- the anterior (front) edges of neighboring vertebrae move closer together, while the posterior edges move farther apart, compressing the anterior of the spine.
- the posterior edges of neighboring vertebrae move closer together while the anterior edges move farther apart thereby compressing the posterior of the spine.
- the vertebrae move in horizontal relationship to each other providing up to 2- 3mm of translation.
- vertebrae In a normal spine, the vertebrae also permit right and left lateral bending.
- right lateral bending indicates the ability of the spine to bend over to the right by compressing the right portions of the spine and reducing the spacing between the right edges of associated vertebrae.
- left lateral bending indicates the ability of the spine to bend over to the left by compressing the left portions of the spine and reducing the spacing between the left edges of associated vertebrae.
- the side of the spine opposite that portion compressed is expanded, increasing the spacing between the edges of vertebrae comprising that portion of the spine.
- the vertebrae that make up the lumbar region of the human spine rotate about an axis of roll, moving through an arc of around 10° relative to its neighbor vertebrae throughout right and left lateral bending.
- Rotational movement about a vertical axis relative is also natural in the healthy spine.
- rotational movement can be described as the clockwise or counter-clockwise twisting rotation of the vertebrae during a golf swing.
- the disc serves to allow the spine to move about the various axes of rotation and through the various arcs and movements required for normal mobility.
- the elasticity of the disc maintains spacing between the vertebrae during flexion and lateral bending of the spine thereby allowing room or clearance for compression of neighboring vertebrae.
- the disc allows relative rotation about the vertical axis of neighboring vertebrae allowing twisting of the shoulders relative to the hips and pelvis.
- a healthy disc further maintains clearance between neighboring vertebrae thereby enabling nerves from the spinal chord to extend out of the spine between neighboring vertebrae without being squeezed or impinged by the vertebrae.
- the inter-vertebral disc tends to compress thereby reducing inter-vertebral spacing and exerting pressure on nerves extending from the spinal cord.
- Various other types of nerve problems may be experienced in the spine, such as exiting nerve root compression in the neural foramen, passing nerve root compression, and ennervated annulus (where nerves grow into a cracked/compromised annulus, causing pain every time the disc/annulus is compressed), as examples.
- Many medical procedures have been devised to alleviate such nerve compression and the pain that results from nerve pressure. Many of these procedures revolve around attempts to prevent the vertebrae from moving too close to each in order to maintain space for the nerves to exit without being impinged upon by movements of the spine.
- a medical implant for coupling two vertebrae of a spine characterized by a dynamic member having a first end and a second end, wherein the dynamic member generally constrains relative movement of the first end with respect to the second end to a three dimensional curved surface, the first end comprising a means for coupling to a first alignment member, such that the first end can rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the first alignment member, the second end comprising a means for coupling to a second alignment member such that the second end can rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second alignment member.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the dynamic member comprises a first link member, a second link member, and a means for rotationally coupling the first link member to the second link member.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the means for rotationally coupling includes a pin joint.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the first alignment member, the second alignment member and the pin joint intersect about a center of rotation.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the dynamic member comprises a first link member that is slidingly coupled to a second link member.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the link members are non linear members.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the means for coupling includes an aperture formed within the respective ends.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the aperture is rotationally coupled to a bushing which is adapted to be mated to the aperture.
- the medical implant can be further characterized in that the bushing is adapted to threadingly engage one of the alignment members.
- the alignment members include a means to engage a bone engagement member.
- a medical system for coupling two vertebrae of a spine the system characterized by a first bone anchoring means, a second bone anchoring means, a first alignment means coupled to the first bone anchoring means, a second alignment means coupled to the second bone anchoring means such that the longitudinal axes of the first and second alignment means can be aligned to intersect at a center of rotation, a dynamic member having a first end and a second end which allows for relative movement between the first end and second end, wherein the first end includes a means for coupling to the first alignment means, such that the first end can rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the first alignment means, and the second end includes a means for coupling to a second alignment member such that the second end can rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the second alignment means.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the dynamic member restricts the relative movement to a three dimensional curved surface.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the dynamic member comprises a first link member, a second link member, and a means for rotationally coupling the first link member to the second link member.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the means for rotationally coupling includes a pin joint.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the first alignment member, the second alignment member and the pin joint intersect about a center of rotation.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the dynamic member comprises a first link member that is slidingly coupled to a second link member.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the link members are non linear members.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the means for coupling includes an aperture formed within the respective ends.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the aperture is rotationally coupled to a bushing which is adapted to be mated to the aperture.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the bushing is adapted to threadingly engage one of the alignment members.
- the medical system can be further characterized in that the alignment members include a means to engage a bone engagement member.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a dynamic stabilization system
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a dynamic stabilization device that may be used in the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a view of the dynamic stabilization device illustrated in Fig. 2 in an extended position
- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a member of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a member of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 7 is a side view of one embodiment of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 8 is a side view of one embodiment of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 1.
- Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 8.
- Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the portion of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 9.
- Fig. 11 A is a sagittal perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a neutral position;
- Fig. 11 B is a sagittal perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a flexion position;
- Fig. 12A is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a neutral position;
- Fig. 12B is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a flexion position;
- Fig. 12C is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a rotation position
- Fig. 12D is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in a lateral bending position;
- Fig. 12E is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system illustrated in Fig. 1 in an extension position;
- Fig. 13 is a side view of another embodiment of a dynamic stabilization system
- Fig. 14A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a dynamic stabilization device that may be used in the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13;
- Fig. 14B is a side view of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 14A;
- Fig. 15 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a member of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 14A;
- Fig. 16 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a member of the dynamic stabilization device of Fig. 14A;
- Fig. 17A is a side view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a neutral position
- Fig. 17B is a side view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in an extension position
- Fig. 17C is a side view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a flexion position
- Fig. 18A is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a neutral position
- Fig. 18B is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in an extension position
- Fig. 18C is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a flexion position
- Fig. 18D is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a lateral bending position
- Fig. 18E is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a rotation extension position
- Fig. 18F is a posterior perspective view of the dynamic stabilization system of Fig. 13 in a rotation flexion position
- FIG. 19 is a posterior perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a dynamic stabilization system in a neutral position
- Fig. 20 is a posterior perspective view of another embodiment of a dynamic stabilization system in a neutral position.
- Fig. 21 is a perspective view of one possible component which may be used with some embodiments of the dynamic stabilization system shown of Figs. 13- through 10.
- Fig. 22 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for using a dynamic stabilization system.
- Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide dynamic stabilization systems, dynamic stabilization devices, and/or methods for maintaining spacing between consecutive neighboring vertebrae and stabilizing a spine, while allowing movement of the vertebrae relative to each other in at least two and preferably three axes of rotation.
- the neighboring vertebrae may be immediately next to each other or spaced from each other by one or more intervening vertebrae.
- a sliding dynamic stabilization system may not have sufficient engagement left for flexion (i.e., the system may reach the end of the sliding motion before full flexion is achieved).
- the relative starting engagement may be the same (e.g., neutral). This may also be desirable to ensure that dampening forces are consistent at both extremes of relative motion.
- a further change of pedicle to pedicle distance by another one millimeter may place the center of rotation at the 75% A-P mark, which may not be acceptable.
- multiple sizes with overlapping ranges would have to be designed to accommodate all anatomy variations, align the center of rotation to the 60-70% A-P mark, and enable co-alignment of a dynamic stabilization system pair (i.e., left and right sides).
- a dynamic stabilization system pair i.e., left and right sides.
- Such a dynamic stabilization system may allow the vertebrae to which it is attached to move through a natural arc that may resemble an imaginary three dimensional surface such as a sphere or an ellipsoid. Accordingly, such a system may aid in permitting a substantial range of motion in flexion, extension, rotation, anterior-posterior translation and/or other desired types of natural spinal motion.
- the spine stabilization system 100 may include a dynamic stabilization device 102 that includes two members 104 and 106 coupled by a pin 108.
- the pin 108 may enable the two members 104 and 106 to move with respect to one another, as will be described later in greater detail.
- Each member 104 and 106 may be secured to a portion of a spine (not shown), such as a pedicle, by a fastening element such as a bone anchor (e.g., a pedicle screw) 110 and 112, respectively.
- a bone anchor e.g., a pedicle screw
- Each bone anchor 110 and 112 may include or be attached to a polyaxial head, 114 and 116, respectively.
- the member 104 may be coupled to the polyaxial head 114 of its respective bone anchor 110 using, for example, a bearing post 118 (e.g., a set screw) and a locking nut 122.
- the member 106 may be coupled to the polyaxial head 116 of its respective bone anchor 112 using, for example, a bearing post 120 (e.g., a set screw) and a locking nut 124.
- a bearing post 120 e.g., a set screw
- the pin 108 may be aligned with a first axis 126.
- the bearing posts 118 and 120 may be aligned with a second axis 128 and a third axis 130, respectively.
- the axes 126, 128, and 130 may intersect an area 132 (e.g., an area of rotation). In some embodiments, the axes 126, 128, and 130 may intersect at a point 134 (e.g., a center of rotation) within the area 132.
- the point 134 may be stationary or may move within the area 132 in conjunction with movement of the vertebrae (not shown) to which the spinal stabilization device 102 is coupled. It is understood that the area 132 and the point 134 are for purposes of illustration only and are not limited to the shapes or sizes shown. For example, while the area 132 is shown as a sphere, the area may be an ellipsoid or other shape. Furthermore, while the axes 126, 128, and 130 are shown intersecting each other at the point 134, it is understood that they may not actually intersect one another, but may instead pass within a certain distance of each other. Furthermore, the point 134 need not be a stationary point, but may follow a path on or through the area 132.
- the point 134 may move along a surface of the area 132 such that the area 132 provides a shell, and movement of the point 134 is constrained by the device 102 to an outer surface of the shell.
- the term center of rotation may be used herein to refer to a specific point and/or a three dimensional surface.
- the dynamic stabilization device 102 may include two members 104 and 106 that are coupled via the pin 108.
- the member 104 may include a joint end 202 and a fastening end 204
- the member 106 may include a joint end 206 and a fastening end 208.
- the joint end 202 of the member 104 may include one or more apertures 210 and the fastening end 204 of the member 104 may include an aperture 212.
- the joint end 206 of the member 106 may include an aperture 214 (shown in Fig. 6) and the fastening end 208 of the member 106 may include an aperture 216.
- the pin 108 may couple the members 104 and 106 via insertion into the apertures 210 and 214, respectively.
- the bearing posts 118 and 120 (Fig. 1 ) be inserted into apertures 212 and 216, respectively, to couple members 104 and 106 to pedicles or other bone (not shown).
- one or more of the apertures 210, 212, 214, and 216 may contain a bushing or other insertion member.
- the aperture 212 may include a bushing 218 and the aperture 216 may include a bushing 220.
- the bushings 218 and 220 may aid in securing the dynamic stabilization device 102 to the bearing posts 118 and 120 (Fig. 1 ).
- One or both of the bushings 218 and 220 may be internally threaded to engage the respective bearing posts 118 and 120.
- an external surface of the bushings 218 and 220 may be relatively smooth to facilitate rotation of the respective members 104 and 106 around the bushings.
- the apertures 210 and 214 may be aligned with the first axis 126.
- the apertures 212 and 216 may be aligned with the second axis 128 and third axis 130, respectively.
- the pin 108 and bearing posts 118 and 120 may be aligned with the axes due to their insertion into the respective apertures.
- the pin 108 and bearing posts 118 and 120 may be aligned with their respective axes, and their alignment may result in the alignment of their respective apertures.
- the spinal stabilization device 102 of Fig. 2 is illustrated in a fully extended or lengthened position (e.g., during flexion).
- apertures 210, 212, and 216 are aligned with axes 126, 128, and 130, respectively, when in the fully extended position. Accordingly, the axes 126, 128, and 130 may intersect the point 134 and/or move along a surface provided by the area of rotation 132 as previously described.
- a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the spinal stabilization device 102 of Fig. 3 is illustrated.
- the members 104 and 106 may be coupled by the pin 108.
- the bushings 218 and 220 are positioned within the apertures 212 and 216, respectively.
- a bushing cap 402 may abut the bushing 218 and a bushing cap 404 may abut the bushing 220.
- the bushing 406 may have a smooth bore (e.g., rather than threaded) to facilitate rotation with the pin 108.
- the pin 108 may couple the members 104 and 106 via insertion into the apertures 210 and 214, respectively.
- the bearing posts 118 and 120 may couple the members 104 and 106 to pedicles or other bone (not shown) via apertures 212 and 216, respectively.
- the member 104 may include one or more apertures 210 at the joint end 202 and an aperture 212 at the fastening end 204.
- the member 104 provides a "Y" shape or yoke formed by branches 506 and 508.
- the branches 506 and 508 may be spaced apart to provide clearance for the end 206 of the member 106.
- a medial portion of the member 104 e.g., the portion forming the bottom of the yoke
- an upper surface 502 and a lower surface 504 of the member 104 may be curved to align the apertures 210 and 212 with axes 126 and 128 (Fig. 2), respectively, in order to accommodate the natural movement of the spine. It is understood that the curve may be defined differently depending on such factors as the length of the member 104, the location of the apertures 210 and/or 212, and the desired center of rotation for the dynamic stabilization device 102.
- the inner walls 510 of the aperture 210 may be relatively smooth to facilitate rotation of the member 104 with respect to the pin 108.
- a bushing (Fig. 4) may be provided to enhance the rotation of the pin 108 within the aperture 210.
- the inner walls 512 of the aperture 212 may contain ridges, grooves, threads, or other means for engaging the bushing 218 (Fig. 2).
- the member 104 may also include one or more beveled or otherwise shaped surfaces 514.
- Fig. 6 one embodiment of the member 106 of Fig. 1 is illustrated in greater detail.
- the member 106 may include an aperture 214 at the joint end 206 and an aperture 216 at the fastening end 208.
- the joint end 206 may be sized to fit within a yoke (Fig. 5) of the member 104.
- an upper surface 602 and a lower surface 604 of the member 102 may be curved to align the apertures 214 and 216 with axes 126 and 130 (Fig. 2), respectively, in order to accommodate the natural movement of the spine. It is understood that the curve may be defined differently depending on such factors as the length of the member 106, the location of the apertures 214 and/or 216, and the desired center of rotation for the dynamic stabilization device 102.
- the inner walls 606 of the aperture 214 may be relatively smooth to facilitate rotation of the member 106 with respect to the pin 108.
- a bushing (Fig. 4) may be provided to enhance the rotation of the pin 108 within the aperture 214.
- the inner walls 608 of the aperture 216 may contain ridges, grooves, threads, or other means for engaging the bushing 220 (Fig. 2).
- the member 106 may also include one or more beveled or otherwise shaped surfaces 610.
- Fig. 7 a side view of one embodiment of the dynamic stabilization device 102 of Fig. 2 is illustrated. As described previously, the members 104 and 106 may be designed and arranged to align with axes 126, 128, and 130.
- Fig. 1 is illustrated.
- the pin 108 may be aligned with the axis 126, and the bearing posts 118 and 120 may be aligned with axes 128 and 130, respectively.
- the use of polyaxial heads 114 and 116 enables the spinal stabilization device 102 to be oriented to the area 132 even though bone anchors 110 and 112 may be oriented along other axes. This flexibility enables a surgeon to insert the bone anchors 110 and 112 as desired while maintaining the movement of the spinal stabilization device 102 with respect to the area 132 and/or point 134.
- FIG. 9 an enlarged view of a portion of the spinal stabilization device 102 of Fig. 8 is illustrated in side perspective and cross- sectional views, respectively.
- the bearing post 118 may extend through the aperture 212 and into the polyaxial head 114.
- the bushing 218 and bushing cap 402 may be retained in the aperture 212.
- the locking cap 122 may be used to secure the member 104 to the bearing post 118 at a particular position, enabling a vertical height of the member 104 relative to the polyaxial head 114 to be adjusted.
- a distal portion of the bearing post 118 may be tightened against the bone anchor 110 within the polyaxial head to lock the bone anchor into a desired position with respect to the polyaxial head 114.
- the bone anchor 110 Prior to the tightening of the bearing post 118, the bone anchor 110 may move relatively freely within the polyaxial head 114. Accordingly, the dynamic stabilization device 102 may be positioned and then the bearing post 118 may be tightened to lock the position of the dynamic stabilization device relative to the polyaxial head 114 and bone anchor 110.
- FIG. 11A illustrates the spine stabilization system 100 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1100 and 1102 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 11 B illustrates the spine stabilization system 100 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1100 and 1102 are undergoing flexion (e.g., when the patient is bending forward). As illustrated in Figs.
- the spine stabilization system 100 maintains alignment with the area 132 (e.g., with a center of rotation or with an area of rotation) regardless of the position of the two vertebrae 1100 and 1102.
- the spine stabilization system 100a may include members 104a and 106a (which may be similar or identical to the members 104 and 106 of Fig.
- Fig. 12A illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 12B illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are undergoing flexion (e.g., when the patient is bending forward).
- Fig. 12C illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are undergoing rotation (e.g., when the patient is turning to the right or left).
- Fig. 12A illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 12B illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are undergoing flexion (e.g., when the patient is bending forward).
- Fig. 12C illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200
- FIG. 12D illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are in a lateral bending position (e.g., when the patient is bending towards the right or left).
- Fig. 12E illustrates the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1200 and 1202 are undergoing extension (e.g., when the patient is bending backward).
- the spine stabilization systems 100a and 100b maintain alignment with the area 132 (e.g., with a center of rotation or with an area of rotation) regardless of the position of the two vertebrae 1200 and 1202.
- a spine stabilization system [0095] Referring to Fig. 13, in another embodiment, a spine stabilization system
- the spine stabilization system 1300 includes a plurality of bone anchors 1302a and 1302b which may be secured into a patient's vertebrae or other bone structures.
- the bone anchors 1302a and 1302b may be pedicle screws or other suitable bone anchoring devices known to those skilled in the art.
- a dynamic stabilization device 1304 is coupled between the bone anchors 1302a and 1302b.
- the dynamic stabilization device 1304 may be coupled to the bone anchors by threaded fastener systems 1306a and 1306b, which may enable adjustment of the dynamic stabilization device 1304 relative to the bone anchors 1302a and 1302b.
- the dynamic stabilization device 1304 may be adjusted so that relative movement between the exterior ends of the dynamic stabilization device follow the surface of a sphere or other three dimensional shape (e.g., an ellipsoid) having a center of rotation that approximates the spine's natural center of rotation.
- portions of the threaded fastener systems 1306a and 1306b may be aligned with axes 1322 and 1324, respectively.
- the axes 1322 and 1324 may intersect an area 1326 (e.g., an area of rotation).
- the axes 1322 and 1324 may intersect at a point 1328 (e.g., a center of rotation) within the area 1326.
- the point 1328 may be stationary or may move within the area 1326 in conjunction with movement of the vertebrae (not shown) to which the spinal stabilization device 1304 is coupled. It is understood that the area 1326 and the point 1328 are for purposes of illustration only and are not limited to the shapes or sizes shown. For example, while the area 1326 is shown as a sphere, the area may be an ellipsoid or other shape. Furthermore, while the axes 1322 and 1324 are shown intersecting each other at the point 1328, it is understood that they may not actually intersect one another, but may instead pass within a certain distance of each other. Furthermore, the point 1328 need not be a stationary point, but may follow a path on or through the area 1326.
- the point 1328 may move along a surface of the area 1326 such that the area 1326 provides a shell, and movement of the point 1328 is constrained by the device 1304 to an outer surface of the shell.
- the term center of rotation may be used herein to refer to a specific point and/or a three dimensional surface.
- the threaded fastener systems 1306a and 1306b may include bearing posts (e.g., set screws) 1308a and 1308b received into polyaxial heads 1310a and 1310b that may be coupled to the proximal ends of the bone anchors 1302a and 1302b, respectively.
- the fastener systems 1306a and 1306b may further include fasteners 1312a and 1312b for securing the dynamic stabilization device 1304 to the bearing posts 1308a and 1308b.
- the fasteners 1312a and 1312b may be locking caps, nuts, or other similar threaded fasteners known to those skilled in the art.
- the dynamic stabilization device 1304 may rotate around one or both of the bearing posts 1308a and 1308b, while in other embodiments the dynamic stabilization device may be immovably fastened to the bearing posts.
- the dynamic stabilization device 1304 may inlcude a male member 1314 and a female member 1316 each having an exterior and interior end.
- the male member 1314 and female member 1316 may be coupled together at their interior ends to allow for a sliding relative rotation about an axis of roll and a horizontal axis within a defined range of movement.
- the range of movement may be designed to permit a desired amount of lateral bending and twisting of upper and lower vertebrae relative to each other while maintaining a desired separation between the vertebrae.
- the male member 1314 and female member 1316 may be coupled by a curved shaft 1318 of the male member 1314 that is received into a channel of an extension 1320 of the female member 1316.
- the curved shaft 1318 may be sized to slideably move and/or rotate within the channel of the extension 1320 about both a horizontal and vertical axis.
- the male member 1314 may include an aperture 1400 configured to receive the bearing post 1308a of the threaded fastener system 1306a (Fig. 13).
- a threaded bushing 1402 which may be similar or identical to the threaded bushing discussed with respect to previous embodiments, may be positioned within the aperture 1400.
- the bushing 1402 may be secured in the aperture 1400 using a bushing cap (not shown) that is secured (e.g., welded) to the bushing.
- an external surface of the bushing 1402 may be relatively smooth to facilitate rotation of the male member 1314 around the bushing.
- the bearing post 1308a may be secured to the bushing 1402 by the fastener 1312a.
- the female member 1316 may include an aperture 1404 configured to receive the bearing post 1308b of the threaded fastener system 1306b (Fig. 13).
- the bushing 1406 may be secured in the aperture 1404 using a bushing cap (not shown) that is secured (e.g., welded) to the bushing.
- an external surface of the bushing 1406 may be relatively smooth to facilitate rotation of the female member 1316 around the bushing.
- the bearing post 1308b may be secured to the bushing 1406 by the fastener 1312b.
- a side view of the dynamic stabilization device 1304 of Fig. 14A illustrates the male-female coupling relationship between the male member 1314 and female member 1316.
- the extension 1320 of the female member 1316 may include a channel for receiving the curved shaft 1318 of the male member 1314 therein.
- the curved shaft 1318 may have a curved surface for slideably engaging one or more interior curved surfaces of the channel of the extension 1320. This slideable engagement of the respective curved surfaces may allow the male member 1314 and female member 1316 to move relative to one another while maintaining their alignment with the area of rotation 1326 and/or center point 1328. This may maintain the alignment of the dynamic stabilization device 1304 with the spine's natural center of rotation, and may enable a more natural movement between the upper and lower vertebrae to occur while maintaining a degree of separation.
- the curved shaft 1318 and extension 1320 may include horizontal curved surfaces that allow a slideable movement horizontally with respect to the center of rotation. If the radii of the vertical and horizontal curves of respective surfaces have a substantially similar or identical center or rotation, the male member 1314 may move in a spherical manner with respect to the female member 1316. In other words, the movement of the male member 1314 and the female member 1316 may follow a path that is constrained to a spherical surface (e.g., the area of rotation 1326). It is understood that other curves may be used for the male member 1314 and/or the female member 1316 to create a non-spherical (e.g., ellipsoidal) path of movement.
- a non-spherical e.g., ellipsoidal
- a perspective view of one embodiment of the female member 1316 of Fig. 13 is illustrated.
- a channel 1500 in the extension 1320 is illustrated.
- the channel 1500 may be configured to receive the extension 1318 of the male member 1314.
- the channel 1500 may be curved or straight, and may have any desired cross-sectional characteristics.
- the illustrated channel 1500 is substantially square in cross-section, but it is understood that the channel may have a cross-section that is circular, rectangular, or any other desired shape.
- a flange 1502 may be formed around the extension 1320 to engage or abut a complementary flange of the male member 1314.
- a perspective view of one embodiment of the male member 1314 of Fig. 13 is illustrated.
- the curved shaft 1318 may be configured to enter the channel 1500 (Fig. 15) of the female member 1316. While the shaft 1318 is curved in the present example, it is understood that the shaft may be straight in some embodiments and may have any desired cross-sectional characteristics.
- the illustrated curved shaft 1318 is substantially square in cross-section, but it is understood that the shaft may have a cross-section that is circular, rectangular, or any other desired shape.
- a distal portion of the curved shaft 1318 may include a sloped surface 1600. Such a surface 1600 may, for example, aid movement of the curved shaft 1318 within the channel 1500.
- a flange 1602 may be formed around the curved shaft 1318 to engage or abut a complementary flange of the female member 1316.
- FIG. 17A-17C side views illustrate the stabilization system 1300 of Fig. 13 coupled to an upper vertebra 1700 and a lower vertebra 1702.
- Figs. 17A-17C also illustrate an exemplary range of motion and the center point 1328 relative to the upper and lower vertebrae 1700 and 1702 around which the spine stabilization system 1300 may rotate.
- Fig. 17A illustrates the spine stabilization system 1300 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1700 and 1702 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 17B illustrates the spine stabilization system 1300 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1700 and 1702 are in a full extension position (e.g., when the patient is bending backward).
- Fig. 17A illustrates the spine stabilization system 1300 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1700 and 1702 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 17B illustrates the spine stabilization system 1300 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1700 and 1702 are in a full extension position (e.g., when the patient is bending back
- FIG. 17C illustrates the spine stabilization system 1300 when the two adjacent vertebrae 1700 and 1702 are in a flexion position (e.g., when the patient is bending forward).
- posterior views illustrate two spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b coupled to an upper vertebra 1800 and a lower vertebra 1802.
- Fig. 18A illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 18B illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in an extension position (e.g., when the patient is bending backward).
- Fig. 18A illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b coupled to an upper vertebra 1800 and a lower vertebra 1802.
- Fig. 18A illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a neutral position.
- Fig. 18B illustrates the
- FIG. 18C illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a flexion position (e.g., when the patient is bending forward).
- Fig. 18D illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a lateral bending position (e.g., when the patient is bending towards the right or left).
- Fig. 18E illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a lateral rotational extension position (e.g., when the patient is turning and bending backward).
- Fig. 18C illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a flexion position (e.g., when the patient is bending forward).
- Fig. 18D illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are
- FIG. 18F illustrates the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when the two adjacent vertebrae 1800 and 1802 are in a lateral rotational flexion position (e.g., when the patient is turning and bending forward).
- a posterior view is illustrated of the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b when two adjacent vertebrae 1900 and 1902 are in a neutral position.
- the spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b incorporate control members 1904a and 1904b for controlling relative movement between the male members 1314a and 1314b and the respective female members 1316a and 1316b.
- the control members 1904a and 1904b may be helical springs.
- the springs may provide an increasing resistance when the exterior ends of the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b slide closer together, such as in full extension.
- the control members 1904a and 1904b may be coupled to both the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b.
- the control members 1904a and 1904b may also offer increasing resistance as the distance between the exterior ends of the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b increases, such as in full flexion.
- a posterior view illustrates two neighboring vertebrae 2000 and 2002 coupled to spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b.
- spine stabilization systems 1300a and 1300b incorporate control members 2004a and 2004b for controlling relative movement between the respective male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b.
- the control members 2004a and 2004b may be elastomeric sleeves.
- the control members 2004a and 2004b may provide an increasing resistance when the exterior ends of the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b slide closer together, such as in full extension.
- the control members 2004a and 2004b may be coupled to both the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b.
- control members 2004a and 2004b may also offer increasing resistance as the distance between the exterior ends of the male members 1314a and 1314b and the female members 1316a and 1316b increases, such as in full flexion.
- the sleeves may prevent surrounding flesh and tissue from intruding into the components of the respectively spine stabilization system.
- a sleeve 2100 is illustrated that may be used with embodiments of the spine stabilization systems discussed above.
- the sleeve 2100 may comprise a helical shape for use in conjunction with a spring member (not shown).
- the spring may offer resistance or control the respective movement and the sleeve may prevent surrounding tissue from intruding into the spine stabilization system.
- the sleeve may be made from a surgical mesh.
- a method 2200 may be used to insert a dynamic stabilization system, such as the dynamic stabilization system 100 of Fig. 1 or 1300 of Fig. 13.
- a center of rotation may be identified between first and second vertebrae.
- a first member of a dynamic stabilization device may be coupled to a first polyaxial head and, in step 2206, a second member of the dynamic stabilization device may be coupled to a second polyaxial head.
- steps 2208 and 2210 respectively, an axis of each of the first and second polyaxial heads may be oriented with the center of rotation.
- the first and second members may be secured relative to the first and second polyaxial heads, respectively, to maintain the orientation of the first and second axes with the center of rotation.
- a dynamic stabilization device may be inserted.
- the dynamic stabilization device may be designed to be coupled to bone anchors inserted into neighboring vertebrae.
- the dynamic stabilization device may include a bottom member and a top member that may be coupled together at the proximal ends thereof to allow relative rotation at least about both an axis of roll and a horizontal axis within a range of movement, the range of movement allowing lateral bending and twisting of the upper and lower vertebrae relative to each other while maintaining separation between the vertebrae.
- the distal end of the bottom member may be coupled to a lower bone anchor and the distal end of the upper member may be coupled to an upper bone anchor.
- the upper and lower links member be coupled to the bone anchors via a threaded fastener and bushings.
- the threaded fastener may comprise a bearing post secured by a locking cap or other similar threaded fasteners and locking mechanisms known to those skilled in the art. Both the upper and lower member may be vertically adjusted along the threaded fastener during adjustment of the dynamic stabilization device and thereafter locked down into a substantially permanent position once the device is aligned with the spine's natural center of rotation.
- the device may be aligned with the spine natural center of rotation. This may be accomplished by several methods, including but not limited to using an aligning cross-connector, using a removable alignment tool that is coupled to the bone anchors, using a removable alignment tool coupled to the dynamic stabilization device between the bone anchors, or various other alignment methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the alignment tool may be coupled to the dynamic stabilization device and then an alignment rod may be attached thereto.
- the alignment rod may be rotated to adjust various components of the dynamic stabilization device such that the components of the dynamic stabilization device align with the spine's natural center of rotation.
- an alignment tool coupled to the bone anchors may be used to align the bone anchors before any other components of the dynamic stabilization device are implanted.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2009503281A JP2009531155A (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Dynamic motion spine stabilization system |
AU2007233130A AU2007233130A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Dynamic motion spinal stabilization system |
EP07759717A EP2007297A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Dynamic motion spinal stabilization system |
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US78689806P | 2006-03-29 | 2006-03-29 | |
US60/786,898 | 2006-03-29 | ||
US79382906P | 2006-04-21 | 2006-04-21 | |
US60/793,829 | 2006-04-21 |
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WO2007115108A1 true WO2007115108A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
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PCT/US2007/065525 WO2007115108A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Dynamic motion spinal stabilization system |
Country Status (4)
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EP (1) | EP2007297A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009531155A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007233130A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007115108A1 (en) |
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KR100982530B1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2010-09-16 | 박춘근 | A apparatus of spinal surgical operation |
DE102010040236A1 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Aces Gmbh | Dynamic stabilization device for joints or spinal column segments, having head region that is connected to fixing block via joint kinematics |
JP2012511365A (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2012-05-24 | コンセプト スパイン リミテッド | Surgical device for correcting spinal deformities |
US8287538B2 (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2012-10-16 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for fracture repair |
DE102011082044A1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Aces Gmbh | Dynamic bone mounting device for joints, particularly vertebral column segments, has section to be mounted with bone, head area and fixing block which is suitable to receive bar |
US8906022B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2014-12-09 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for securing a bone implant |
US8961518B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2015-02-24 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for bone access and cavity preparation |
US9730739B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2017-08-15 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Rotary-rigid orthopaedic rod |
US10022132B2 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2018-07-17 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Tissue displacement tools and methods |
US10918426B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2021-02-16 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for treatment of a bone |
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AU2014203227B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2018-01-04 | Flexopack S.A. | Heat shrinkable film |
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US10076342B2 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2018-09-18 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Tissue displacement tools and methods |
US10022132B2 (en) | 2013-12-12 | 2018-07-17 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Tissue displacement tools and methods |
US10918426B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 | 2021-02-16 | Conventus Orthopaedics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for treatment of a bone |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2007233130A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
JP2009531155A (en) | 2009-09-03 |
EP2007297A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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