WO2008049384A1 - Device for producing a three-dimensional object - Google Patents

Device for producing a three-dimensional object Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008049384A1
WO2008049384A1 PCT/DE2007/001357 DE2007001357W WO2008049384A1 WO 2008049384 A1 WO2008049384 A1 WO 2008049384A1 DE 2007001357 W DE2007001357 W DE 2007001357W WO 2008049384 A1 WO2008049384 A1 WO 2008049384A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier
height
adjustable
wall
building material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2007/001357
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frank Herzog
Original Assignee
Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh filed Critical Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh
Priority to DE112007003157T priority Critical patent/DE112007003157A5/en
Publication of WO2008049384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008049384A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention / innovation relates to a device for producing a three-dimensional object by successive solidification of layers of a build-up material which can be solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation, in particular a powder material, with the further features of claim 1.
  • Such devices are typically referred to as laser sintering machines, laser melting machines, or stereolithography machines, depending on which build material is used and how the process proceeds within the device.
  • a known device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 results for example from DE 101 58 169 Al.
  • the arranged in the space carrying device for supporting the object has a height-adjustable support on with an object facing the top.
  • the support is lowered, so that there is always substantially the same distance between the focusing optics of the irradiation device and the layer to be consolidated.
  • the devices with height-adjustable straps achieve a high degree of precision with regard to the storage and adjustment of the elements of the carrier device, inaccuracies may nevertheless arise during the construction process due to the height adjustability and the mounting of the carrier.
  • the invention has the object of providing a device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the device operates with a higher precision and thereby highly precise functional parts can be produced.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention / innovation in that the support of the carrying device is arranged fixed in height at least during the construction process and the wall surrounding the carrier is mounted vertically adjustable by means of a program-controlled adjustment.
  • the carrier of the carrying device can be very solid and completely free of play connected to a machine frame, which also carries the irradiation device, so that very defined conditions are given.
  • the wall, which is slidably mounted according to the invention up and down, is not in direct contact with the workpiece itself, so that the height adjustment of the wall is rather uncritical.
  • the application device In order to adapt to the continuously varying distance from the carrier base and the object top during the construction process, it is advantageous to design the application device and optionally at least one metering device in a program-controlled height-adjustable manner.
  • the applicator specifically, for example, by a computer program desired to be able to process desired, for the concrete construction process advantageous heights.
  • this unit can include at least one metering of the metering device.
  • a known focusing device in the beam path of the irradiation device, by means of which the focus of the processing beam is height-dependent adjustable.
  • the focus of the processing beam is height-dependent adjustable.
  • the focusing device would be dispensable to compensate for the change in distance between the laser and the object surface.
  • a further advantageous measure is to form the peripheral wall in the manner of a height-adjustable sleeve which surrounds the carrier and / or is guided on its outer edge.
  • the peripheral wall is guided on the outer edge of the carrier, represents an immediate and thus simple embodiment of the subject invention.
  • the upper edge of the wall is lowered to the top of the carrier or below.
  • a large and comfortable access area to the slide surface is achieved, which greatly simplifies the removal of the object and / or the support plate.
  • This advantage can also be achieved or increased by the wall being able to be moved completely upwards over the support and / or moved away from it and / or pivoted away and / or removed.
  • the carrier is firmly connected to a machine frame of the device.
  • the carrier is integrally or non-detachably connected to the machine frame or that the carrier is designed as an example removable support plate which is temporarily connected by means of fixing elements with the machine frame of the device.
  • a releasable support plate makes it possible to remove the object together with the support plate in a simple manner from the space of the device and make the release of the object of the support plate outside the device after the assembly process. This has the advantage that during the detachment of the object from the support platform, the device can be used in parallel.
  • a powder collecting device in the machine area below the carrier.
  • the powder received in such a powder collecting device can be returned, for example, automatically via a suction device into the storage container of the metering device and finally made available again to the assembly cycle.
  • an additional function can be provided to form the support device at least partially as part of a punching device, so that the punch acts eg from above on a corresponding recess of the support device. It is advantageous in. To use in this context matrices, each with different recesses, which can be used depending on the desired punching result with a corresponding punch in the device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known from the prior art selective sintering laser system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a selective according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 2 in
  • FIG. 1 shows a prior art selective sintering laser system.
  • This comprises a device 1 for producing a three-dimensional object 2 by successive solidification of layers of a building material 4 which can be solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation 3 or particle radiation at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object 2.
  • the device 1 comprises a arranged in a space 5 carrying device 6 for supporting an object 2.
  • the object 2 is constructed on the upper side 8 of a support 7 and this height adjustable by a drive 9 (arrow A).
  • the carrier 7 is closed by a wall 10 to the edge boundary of the building material 4.
  • the building material 4 is built up in layers on the support device 6 or a previously formed layer and subsequently via an irradiation device 12, which usually comprises a laser 13 and a deflection device 14, for irradiating the applied layers of the building material 4 at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object 2.
  • an irradiation device 12 which usually comprises a laser 13 and a deflection device 14, for irradiating the applied layers of the building material 4 at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object 2.
  • the subject invention is apparent from drawing Figure 2. This differs from the prior art essentially in that the support 7 of the support device 6 is fixed in height during the construction process and the wall 10 is mounted vertically adjustable by means of a program-controlled adjustment 15.
  • the adjusting device 15 is preferably computer-controlled and comprises a drive 16.
  • the application device 11 comprises a coater unit 17, which is mounted horizontally movable (arrow B). By means of the coater unit 17, the building material 4 (powder material) is distributed over the installation space 5 and / or used to produce the smoothest possible topmost layer.
  • the metering device 18 includes drives and cylinders by means of which construction material 4 from the dosing 20 moves vertically (arrow C) and then can be mounted horizontally on the applicator 11 on the construction area 5.
  • the applicator 11, the circumferential wall 10 and the metering device 18 form a jointly computer-controlled height-adjustable unit 19, which is moved via the drive 16.
  • the metering device 18 comprises two metering containers 20.
  • the device 1 does not have any laterally arranged metering containers 20, but instead uses a coater screen that "floats" over the installation space 5, at least in the horizontal direction To smooth on the support 7 Aufmanaterial 4 screened.
  • a known focusing device 21 is preferably arranged, by means of which the focus of the processing beam 3 can be set as a function of the construction height of the object 2.
  • the irradiation device 12 it is not absolutely necessary to fix the irradiation device 12 rigidly.
  • the irradiation device 12 as part of the height-adjustable assembly 19 form (not shown).
  • the circumferential wall 10 is formed in the manner of a height-adjustable sleeve 22 which surrounds the carrier 7 and is guided on the outer edge 23 thereof.
  • the upper edge 24 of the wall 10 can be lowered to the upper side 8 of the carrier 7 or below.
  • the wall 10 be designed such that it can travel upwards over the carrier 7 and / or moved away from it and / or can be swiveled away and / or removed.
  • the wall sections 10, which adjoin the carrying device 6 on its upper side, are provided with surfaces which are beveled towards the metering containers 20.
  • Carrier 7 is fixedly connected to a machine frame 25 of the device 1.
  • the device 1 according to the invention is shown in workpiece removal position.
  • the unit 19 is with
  • Building material 4 drops at the edges 23 of the carrier 7 down through a
  • Screening device 27 in at least one collecting container 28 (see arrow D). Li of the illustrated embodiment, the collecting container 28, since he is in a
  • the collecting container 28 may have a same or larger inner tube diameter 30 and be formed in one piece. In the case of the larger inner tube diameter 30 of the collecting container 28, it is expedient to guide the building material 4 over inclined side surfaces of the carrying device 6 to the collecting container 28.
  • a preferably controlled by a control device vibrating device 29 is arranged ', which promotes the movements of the building material 4, starting from the building surface towards the collecting containers 28.
  • the screening device 27 is arranged on the carrying device 26.
  • the screening device 27 may be attached to the collecting container 28.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for producing a three-dimensional object (2) by successively compacting layers of a compositional material (4) which can be compacted by means of electromagnetic radiation (3) or particle radiation at the locations corresponding to the respective cross section of the object (2), comprising a carrying device (6), arranged in a construction chamber (5), for carrying the object (2), having a carrier (7) with an upper side (8) facing the object (2), a wall (10) extending around the carrier (7) for providing the compositional material (4) with a peripheral delimitation, an application device (11) for applying layers of the compositional material (4) to the carrying device (6) or a previously formed layer, and an irradiating device (12) for irradiating layers of the compositional material (4) at the locations corresponding to the respective cross section of the object (2), wherein the carrier (7) of the carrying device (6) is arranged at a fixed height during the construction process and the wall (10) is mounted such that it can be adjusted in height by means of a program-controlled adjusting device (15).

Description

BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen ObjektesDevice for producing a three-dimensional object
Die Erfindung/Neuerung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten eines mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung oder Teilchenstrahlung verfestigbaren Aufbaumaterials, insbesondere eines Pulvermaterials, mit den weiteren Merkmalen des Anspruches 1.The invention / innovation relates to a device for producing a three-dimensional object by successive solidification of layers of a build-up material which can be solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation, in particular a powder material, with the further features of claim 1.
Derartige Vorrichtungen werden in der Regel als Lasersintermaschinen, Laserschmelzmaschinen oder Stereolithographiemaschinen bezeichnet, je nach dem, welches Aufbaumaterial verwendet wird und wie der Prozeß innerhalb der Vorrichtung abläuft.Such devices are typically referred to as laser sintering machines, laser melting machines, or stereolithography machines, depending on which build material is used and how the process proceeds within the device.
Mit derartigen Vorrichtungen ist es möglich, anhand von abgespeicherten Werkstückdaten, z.B. CAD-Daten, aus entsprechend geeigneten Werkstoffen durch Einwirkung von fokussierter Strahlung komplizierte Bauteile zu fertigen. Zunächst waren derartige Vorrichtungen zum Herstellen von Prototypen vorgesehen (Rapid Prototyping), die Weiterentwicklung derartiger Vorrichtungen, insbesondere der Einsatz von Pulvermaterialien, die ohne zusätzliche Binderkomponenten verfestigbar sind, insbesondere aufschmelzbar sind, hat dazu geführt, daß mit derartigen Vorrichtungen hergestellte Bauteile nicht nur als Prototypen verwendet und eingesetzt werden können, sondern auch als fertige Funktionsteile Einsatz finden. An fertige Funktionsteile werden allerdings höhere Anforderungen an Genauigkeit und Filigranität gestellt als an Prototypen, so daß die Bestrebung besteht, die genannten Vorrichtungen so auszubilden, daß die hergestellten Bauteile mit immer höherer Präzision gefertigt werden können.With such devices, it is possible, on the basis of stored workpiece data, e.g. CAD data to produce complicated components from appropriate materials by the action of focused radiation. First, such devices were provided for the production of prototypes (rapid prototyping), the further development of such devices, in particular the use of powder materials, which are solidifiable without additional binder components, in particular fusible, has led to the components produced with such devices not only as prototypes can be used and used, but also find use as finished functional parts. To finished functional parts, however, higher demands are placed on accuracy and filigree than prototypes, so that there is an effort to form the said devices so that the manufactured components can be manufactured with ever higher precision.
Eine bekannte Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 ergibt sich beispielsweise aus DE 101 58 169 Al. Die in dem Bauraum angeordnete Tragevorrichtung zum Tragen des Objektes weist einen höhenverstellbaren Träger auf mit einer dem Objekt zugewandten Oberseite. Beim aufeinanderfolgenden Aufbringen von Baumaterialschichten wird der Träger abgesenkt, so daß zwischen der Fokussierungsoptik der Bestrahlungsvorrichtung und der zu verfestigenden Schicht immer im wesentlichen derselbe Abstand besteht. Zwar erreichen die Vorrichtungen mit höhenverstellbaren Trägern eine hohe Präzision, was die Lagerung und Verstellung der Elemente der Trägereinrichtung anbelangt, dennoch ergeben sich beim Bauprozeß aufgrund der Höhenverstellbarkeit und der Lagerung des Trägers unter Umständen Ungenauigkeiten.A known device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 results for example from DE 101 58 169 Al. The arranged in the space carrying device for supporting the object has a height-adjustable support on with an object facing the top. During sequential application of layers of building material, the support is lowered, so that there is always substantially the same distance between the focusing optics of the irradiation device and the layer to be consolidated. Although the devices with height-adjustable straps achieve a high degree of precision with regard to the storage and adjustment of the elements of the carrier device, inaccuracies may nevertheless arise during the construction process due to the height adjustability and the mounting of the carrier.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 derart auszubilden, daß die Vorrichtung mit einer höheren Präzision arbeitet und dadurch hoch präzise Funktionsteile hergestellt werden können. Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung/Neuerung dadurch gelöst, daß der Träger der Tragevorrichtung zumindest während des Bauvorganges höhenfest angeordnet ist und die Wandung, die den Träger umgibt, mittels einer programmgesteuerten Verstelleinrichtung höhenverstellbar gelagert ist. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 - 13.The invention has the object of providing a device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the device operates with a higher precision and thereby highly precise functional parts can be produced. This object is achieved according to the invention / innovation in that the support of the carrying device is arranged fixed in height at least during the construction process and the wall surrounding the carrier is mounted vertically adjustable by means of a program-controlled adjustment. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims 2-13.
Durch die Erfindung kann der Träger der Tragevorrichtung sehr massiv und völlig spielfrei mit einem Maschinengestell verbunden werden, welches auch die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung trägt, so daß sehr definierte Verhältnisse gegeben sind. Die Wandung, die gemäß der Erfindung nach oben und unten verschiebbar gelagert ist, steht nicht in unmittelbaren Kontakt mit dem Werkstück selbst, so daß die Höhenverstellbarkeit der Wandung eher unkritisch ist.By the invention, the carrier of the carrying device can be very solid and completely free of play connected to a machine frame, which also carries the irradiation device, so that very defined conditions are given. The wall, which is slidably mounted according to the invention up and down, is not in direct contact with the workpiece itself, so that the height adjustment of the wall is rather uncritical.
Um sich den während des Bauvorganges stetig ändernden Abstand von dem Trägerboden und der Objektoberseite anzupassen, ist es vorteilhaft, die Aufbringvorrichtung und gegebenenfalls mindestens eine Dosiereinrichtung programmgesteuert höhenverstellbar auszulegen. Somit wird es ermöglicht, die Aufbringvorrichtung beispielsweise durch ein Computerprogramm gezielt auf gewünschte, für den konkreten Bauprozeß vorteilhafte Höhen verfahren zu können.In order to adapt to the continuously varying distance from the carrier base and the object top during the construction process, it is advantageous to design the application device and optionally at least one metering device in a program-controlled height-adjustable manner. Thus, it is possible, the applicator specifically, for example, by a computer program desired to be able to process desired, for the concrete construction process advantageous heights.
Um die Anzahl der beweglichen Einzelteile und der benötigten Antriebe zu verringern und damit die gesamte Vorrichtung zu vereinfachen, ist es zweckmäßig, die Aufbringvorrichtung und die umlaufende Wandung in einer gemeinsam höhenverstellbaren Baueinheit zusammenzufassen. Ferner kann diese Baueinheit wenigstens einen Dosierbehälter der Dosiereinrichtung mitumfassen.In order to reduce the number of moving parts and the required drives and thus simplify the entire device, it is expedient to combine the applicator and the circumferential wall in a common height-adjustable unit. Furthermore, this unit can include at least one metering of the metering device.
Weiter ist es vorteilhaft im Strahlengang der Bestrahlungsvorrichtung eine an sich bekannte Fokussiereinrichtung anzuordnen, durch die der Fokus des Bearbeitungsstrahls höhenabhängig einstellbar ist. Insbesondere bei der Tatsache, daß der Abstand zwischen Laser und Objektoberfläche sich im Verlauf des Verfahrens bei fest angeordnetem Laser stetig ändert, ist es vorteilhaft, die Abstandsänderung zwischen Laser und Bauteiloberfläche mittels beispielsweise einer computergesteuerten Fokussiereinrichtung derart zu steuern, daß die Strahleigenschaften bei dem sich ändernden Abstand konstant bleiben.Further, it is advantageous to arrange a known focusing device in the beam path of the irradiation device, by means of which the focus of the processing beam is height-dependent adjustable. In particular, in the fact that the distance between the laser and the object surface constantly changes in the course of the process with fixed laser, it is advantageous to control the change in distance between the laser and component surface by means of, for example, a computer-controlled focusing so that the beam properties in the changing Distance remain constant.
Alternativ kann es vorteilhaft sein, im Falle einer nicht starren Anordnung des Lasers, die Bestrahlungseinrichtung als Bestandteil der höhenverstellbaren Baueinheit auszubilden. In diesem Falle wäre die Fokussiereinrichtung zum Ausgleich der Abstandsänderung zwischen Laser und Objektoberfläche grundsätzlich entbehrlich.Alternatively, it may be advantageous, in the case of a non-rigid arrangement of the laser, to form the irradiation device as part of the height-adjustable structural unit. In this case, the focusing device would be dispensable to compensate for the change in distance between the laser and the object surface.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme ist es, die umlaufende Wandung nach Art einer höhenverstellbaren Hülse die den Träger umgreift und/oder auf dessen Außenrand geführt ist auszubilden. Insbesondere, daß die umlaufende Wandung an dem Außenrand des Trägers geführt wird, stellt eine unmittelbare und damit einfache Ausfuhrungsform des Erfindungsgegenstandes dar. - A -A further advantageous measure is to form the peripheral wall in the manner of a height-adjustable sleeve which surrounds the carrier and / or is guided on its outer edge. In particular, that the peripheral wall is guided on the outer edge of the carrier, represents an immediate and thus simple embodiment of the subject invention. - A -
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der obere Rand der Wandung bis zur Oberseite des Trägers oder darunter absenkbar ist. Dadurch wird ein großer und komfortabler Zugangsbereich zur Objektträgeroberfläche erreicht, was besonders das Entnehmen des Objektes und/oder der Trägerplatte wesentlich vereinfacht. Dieser Vorteil kann auch dadurch erreicht oder gesteigert werden, indem die Wandung vollständig nach oben über den Träger verfahrbar und/oder von diesen wegfahrbar und/oder wegschwenkbar und/oder entnehmbar ist.Further, it is advantageous if the upper edge of the wall is lowered to the top of the carrier or below. As a result, a large and comfortable access area to the slide surface is achieved, which greatly simplifies the removal of the object and / or the support plate. This advantage can also be achieved or increased by the wall being able to be moved completely upwards over the support and / or moved away from it and / or pivoted away and / or removed.
Im übrigen sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß der Träger fest mit einem Maschinengestell der Vorrichtung verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet einerseits, daß der Träger integral oder nicht lösbar mit dem Maschinengestell verbunden ist oder, daß der Träger als eine beispielsweise entnehmbare Trägerplatte ausgebildet ist, die mittels Fixierungselementen temporär mit dem Maschinengestell der Vorrichtung verbunden wird. Gerade das Vorsehen einer lösbaren Trägerplatte ermöglicht es, nach dem Aufbauvorgang das Objekt samt der Trägerplatte auf einfache Weise aus dem Bauraum der Vorrichtung zu entnehmen und das Lösen des Objektes von der Trägerplatte außerhalb der Vorrichtung vorzunehmen. Dies hat zum einen den Vorteil, daß während des Ablösens des Objektes von der Trägerplattform die Vorrichtung parallel genutzt werden kann.It should also be noted that the carrier is firmly connected to a machine frame of the device. This means on the one hand, that the carrier is integrally or non-detachably connected to the machine frame or that the carrier is designed as an example removable support plate which is temporarily connected by means of fixing elements with the machine frame of the device. Just the provision of a releasable support plate makes it possible to remove the object together with the support plate in a simple manner from the space of the device and make the release of the object of the support plate outside the device after the assembly process. This has the advantage that during the detachment of the object from the support platform, the device can be used in parallel.
Im weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, im Maschinenbereich unterhalb des Trägers eine Pulverauffangvorrichtung anzuordnen. Das in einer derartigen Pulverauffangvorrichtung aufgenommene Pulver kann beispielsweise automatisiert über eine Absaugvorrichtung in die Vorratsbehälter der Dosiervorrichtung zurückgeführt und schließlich dem Aufbauzyklus damit wieder zur Verfügung gestellt werden.Furthermore, it is proposed to arrange a powder collecting device in the machine area below the carrier. The powder received in such a powder collecting device can be returned, for example, automatically via a suction device into the storage container of the metering device and finally made available again to the assembly cycle.
Im Sinne einer Zusatzfunktion kann vorgesehen sein, die Tragevorrichtung zumindest bereichsweise als Teil einer Stanzvorrichtung auszubilden, so daß der Stempel z.B. von oben auf eine entsprechende Ausnehmung der Tragevorrichtung einwirkt. Vorteilhaft ist es in . diesem Zusammenhang Matrizen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Ausnehmungen zu verwenden, die je nach gewünschtem Stanzergebnis mit einem entsprechenden Stempel in der Vorrichtung eingesetzt werden können.In the sense of an additional function can be provided to form the support device at least partially as part of a punching device, so that the punch acts eg from above on a corresponding recess of the support device. It is advantageous in. To use in this context matrices, each with different recesses, which can be used depending on the desired punching result with a corresponding punch in the device.
Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in den Zeichnungsfiguren näher erläutert. Diese zeigenThe invention is explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in the drawing figures. These show
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten selektiven Lasersinteranlage;Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a known from the prior art selective sintering laser system;
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen selektivenFig. 2 is a schematic representation of a selective according to the invention
Lasersinteranlage;Laser sintering system;
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 inFig. 3 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 2 in
Obj ektentnahmestellung.Obj ektentnahmestellung.
In Zeichnungsfigur 1 ist eine selektive Lasersinteranlage aus dem Stand der Technik dargestellt. Diese umfaßt eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes 2 durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten eines mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung 3 oder Teilchenstrahlung verfestigbaren Aufbaumaterials 4 an den dem jeweiligen Querschnitt des Objektes 2 entsprechenden Stellen. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfaßt eine in einem Bauraum 5 angeordnete Tragevorrichtung 6 zum Tragen eines Objektes 2. Dabei wird das Objekt 2 auf der Oberseite 8 eines Trägers 7 aufgebaut und dieser über einen Antrieb 9 höhenverstellbar (Pfeil A) gelagert. Der Träger 7 wird von einer Wandung 10 zur randseitigen Begrenzung des Baumaterials 4 abgeschlossen. Mittels einer Aufbringvorrichtung 11 wird das Aufbaumaterial 4 schichtweise auf die Tragevorrichtung 6 oder eine zuvor gebildete Schicht aufgebaut und anschließend über eine Bestrahlungsvorrichtung 12, die üblicherweise einen Laser 13 und eine Ablenkvorrichtung 14 umfaßt, zum Bestrahlen der aufgetragenen Schichten des Aufbaumaterials 4 an den dem jeweiligen Querschnitt des Objektes 2 entsprechenden Stellen.FIG. 1 shows a prior art selective sintering laser system. This comprises a device 1 for producing a three-dimensional object 2 by successive solidification of layers of a building material 4 which can be solidified by means of electromagnetic radiation 3 or particle radiation at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object 2. The device 1 comprises a arranged in a space 5 carrying device 6 for supporting an object 2. In this case, the object 2 is constructed on the upper side 8 of a support 7 and this height adjustable by a drive 9 (arrow A). The carrier 7 is closed by a wall 10 to the edge boundary of the building material 4. By means of an applicator 11, the building material 4 is built up in layers on the support device 6 or a previously formed layer and subsequently via an irradiation device 12, which usually comprises a laser 13 and a deflection device 14, for irradiating the applied layers of the building material 4 at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object 2.
Der erfindungsgemäße Gegenstand geht aus Zeichnungsfigur 2 hervor. Dieser unterscheidet sich vom Stand der Technik im wesentlichen dadurch, daß der Träger 7 der Tragevorrichtung 6 während des Bauvorganges höhenfest angeordnet ist und die Wandung 10 mittels einer programmgesteuerten Verstelleinrichtung 15 höhenverstellbar gelagert ist. Die Verstelleinrichtung 15 ist vorzugsweise computergesteuert und umfaßt einen Antrieb 16. Die Aufbringvorrichtung 11 umfaßt eine Beschichtereinheit 17, die horizontalbeweglich (Pfeil B) gelagert ist. Mittels der Beschichtereinheit 17 wird das Aufbaumaterial 4 (Pulvermaterial) über den Bauraum 5 verteilt und/oder zur Erzeugung einer möglichst glatten obersten Schicht verwendet. Die Dosiereinrichtung 18 umfaßt Antriebe und Zylinder mittels derer Aufbaumaterial 4 aus den Dosierbehältern 20 vertikal bewegt (Pfeil C) und anschließend über die Aufbringvorrichtung 11 über den Baubereich 5 horizontal aufgezogen werden kann. Die Aufbringvorrichtung 11, die umlaufende Wandung 10 sowie die Dosiereinrichtung 18 bilden eine gemeinsam computergesteuert höhenverstellbare Baueinheit 19, die über den Antrieb 16 bewegt wird. Ferner umfaßt die Dosiereinrichtung 18 zwei Dosierbehälter 20.The subject invention is apparent from drawing Figure 2. This differs from the prior art essentially in that the support 7 of the support device 6 is fixed in height during the construction process and the wall 10 is mounted vertically adjustable by means of a program-controlled adjustment 15. The adjusting device 15 is preferably computer-controlled and comprises a drive 16. The application device 11 comprises a coater unit 17, which is mounted horizontally movable (arrow B). By means of the coater unit 17, the building material 4 (powder material) is distributed over the installation space 5 and / or used to produce the smoothest possible topmost layer. The metering device 18 includes drives and cylinders by means of which construction material 4 from the dosing 20 moves vertically (arrow C) and then can be mounted horizontally on the applicator 11 on the construction area 5. The applicator 11, the circumferential wall 10 and the metering device 18 form a jointly computer-controlled height-adjustable unit 19, which is moved via the drive 16. Furthermore, the metering device 18 comprises two metering containers 20.
hi einer alternativen, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform weist die Vorrichtung 1 keine seitlich angeordneten Dosierbehälter 20 auf, sondern verwendet zum Materialauftrag ein über dem Bauraum 5 „schwebendes", zumindest in der Horizontalen verfahrbares Beschichtersieb. In diesem Fall hat die Beschichtereinheit 17 lediglich die Aufgabe, das auf dem Träger 7 aufgesiebte Aufbaumaterial 4 zu glätten. Im Strahlengang der Bestrahlungsvorrichtung 12 ist vorzugsweise eine an sich bekannte Fokussiereinrichtung 21 angeordnet, durch die der Fokus des Bearbeitungsstrahls 3 abhängig von der Aufbauhöhe des Objektes 2 einstellbar ist. Selbstverständlich ist es nicht zwingend erforderlich, die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung 12 starr zu fixieren. Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung 12 als Bestandteil der höhenverstellbaren Baueinheit 19 auszubilden (nicht dargestellt).In an alternative, not shown embodiment, the device 1 does not have any laterally arranged metering containers 20, but instead uses a coater screen that "floats" over the installation space 5, at least in the horizontal direction To smooth on the support 7 Aufsetztaterial 4 screened. In the beam path of the irradiation device 12, a known focusing device 21 is preferably arranged, by means of which the focus of the processing beam 3 can be set as a function of the construction height of the object 2. Of course, it is not absolutely necessary to fix the irradiation device 12 rigidly. It is also within the scope of the invention, the irradiation device 12 as part of the height-adjustable assembly 19 form (not shown).
In der dargestellten Ausfuhrungsform ist die umlaufende Wandung 10 nach Art einer höhenverstellbaren Hülse 22 ausgebildet, die den Träger 7 umgreift und auf dessen Außenrand 23 geführt ist. Dabei ist der obere Rand 24 der Wandung 10 bis zur Oberseite 8 des Trägers 7 oder darunter absenkbar. Alternativ, aber nicht inIn the illustrated embodiment, the circumferential wall 10 is formed in the manner of a height-adjustable sleeve 22 which surrounds the carrier 7 and is guided on the outer edge 23 thereof. In this case, the upper edge 24 of the wall 10 can be lowered to the upper side 8 of the carrier 7 or below. Alternatively, but not in
Zeichnungsfigur 2 dargestellt, kann es vorgesehen sein, die Wandung 10 derart auszulegen, daß diese nach oben über den Träger 7 fahren und/oder von diesem weggefahren und/oder weggeschwenkt und/oder entnommen werden kann.2, it can be provided that the wall 10 be designed such that it can travel upwards over the carrier 7 and / or moved away from it and / or can be swiveled away and / or removed.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Wandabschnitte 10, die an der Tragevorrichtung 6 angrenzen an ihrer Oberseite, mit sich zu den Dosierbehältern 20 hin abgeschrägten Oberflächen versehen. Damit wird beim Zurückfahren der Baueinheit 19 ein leichteres Zurückführen des Aufbaumaterials 4 in die Dosierbehälter 20 erreicht. Träger 7 ist fest mit einem Maschinengestell 25 der Vorrichtung 1 verbunden.In a preferred embodiment, the wall sections 10, which adjoin the carrying device 6 on its upper side, are provided with surfaces which are beveled towards the metering containers 20. Thus, when returning the assembly 19, an easier return of the building material 4 in the dosing 20 is achieved. Carrier 7 is fixedly connected to a machine frame 25 of the device 1.
In Zeichnungsfigur 3 ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 in Werkstückentnahmestellung dargestellt. Die Baueinheit 19 wird mitIn drawing figure 3, the device 1 according to the invention is shown in workpiece removal position. The unit 19 is with
Beschichtereinheit 17, Dosiereinrichtung 18 und der Hülse 22 über den Antrieb 16 nach oben verfahren. Das oberhalb des Trägers 7 verbleibende, nicht verfestigteCoater unit 17, metering device 18 and the sleeve 22 via the drive 16 move upwards. The remaining above the carrier 7, not solidified
Baumaterial 4 fällt an den Rändern 23 des Trägers 7 nach unten durch eineBuilding material 4 drops at the edges 23 of the carrier 7 down through a
Siebeinrichtung 27 in mindestens einen Auffangbehälter 28 (vgl. Pfeil D). Li der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der Auffangbehälter 28, da er in einemScreening device 27 in at least one collecting container 28 (see arrow D). Li of the illustrated embodiment, the collecting container 28, since he is in a
Hinterschnitt des Randumfangs 23 angeordnet ist, mindestens zweiteilig ausgebildet, um vom Maschinengestell 25 gelöst werden zu können. Alternativ kann der Auffangbehälter 28 einen gleichen oder größeren Hülseninnendurchmesser 30 aufweisen und einstückig ausgebildet sein. Im Falle des größeren Hülseninnendurchmessers 30 des Auffangbehälters 28 ist es zweckmäßig, das Baumaterial 4 über schräge Seitenflächen der Tragevorrichtung 6 zu dem Auffangbehälter 28 zu führen.Undercut of the edge circumference 23 is arranged, at least two parts designed to be solved by the machine frame 25 can. Alternatively, the collecting container 28 may have a same or larger inner tube diameter 30 and be formed in one piece. In the case of the larger inner tube diameter 30 of the collecting container 28, it is expedient to guide the building material 4 over inclined side surfaces of the carrying device 6 to the collecting container 28.
Unterhalb des Trägers 7 ist eine, vorzugsweise von einer Steuereinrichtung angesteuerte Schwingungseinrichtung 29 angeordnet, 'die die Bewegungen des Baumaterials 4 ausgehend von der Baufläche hin zu den Auffangbehältern 28 fördert. In der in Zeichnungsfigur 3 dargestellten Ausfuhrungsform ist die Siebeinrichtung 27 an der Tragevorrichtung 26 angeordnet. Alternativ kann die Siebeinrichtung 27 an dem Auffangbehälter 28 befestigt sein. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, die Siebeinrichtung 27 mit der Schwingungseinrichtung 29 zu koppeln, damit das in der Siebeinrichtung 27 anfallende Baumaterial 4 leichter das Sieb 27 durchlaufen kann. Below the carrier 7 is a, preferably controlled by a control device vibrating device 29 is arranged ', which promotes the movements of the building material 4, starting from the building surface towards the collecting containers 28. In the embodiment illustrated in drawing FIG. 3, the screening device 27 is arranged on the carrying device 26. Alternatively, the screening device 27 may be attached to the collecting container 28. Furthermore, it is advantageous to couple the screening device 27 with the vibration device 29, so that the building material 4 accumulating in the screening device 27 can pass through the sieve 27 more easily.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE
1. Vorrichtung (1) zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes (2) durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten eines mittels elektromagnetischer Strahlung (3) oder Teilchenstrahlung verfestigbaren1. Device (1) for producing a three-dimensional object (2) by successive solidification of layers of a by means of electromagnetic radiation (3) or particle radiation solidifiable
Aufbaumaterials (4) an den dem jeweiligen Querschnitt des Objektes (2) entsprechenden Stellen, mit einer in einem Bauraum (5) angeordneten Tragevorrichtung (6) zum Tragen des Objektes (2) mit einem Träger (7) mit einer dem Objekt (2) zugewandten Oberseite (8), einer den Träger (7) umgreifenden Wandung (10) zur randseitigen Begrenzung des Baumaterials (4), einer Aufbringvorrichtung (11) zum Aufbringen von Schichten des Aufbaumaterials (4) auf die Tragevorrichtung (6) oder eine zuvor gebildete Schicht und einer Bestrahlungsvorrichtung (12) zum Bestrahlen von Schichten des Aufbaumaterials (4) an den dem jeweiligen Querschnitt des Objektes (2) entsprechenden Stellen,Building material (4) at the respective cross-section of the object (2) corresponding locations, with a in a space (5) arranged carrying device (6) for supporting the object (2) with a support (7) with a the object (2) facing top (8), a the carrier (7) encompassing wall (10) for marginal boundary of the building material (4), an applicator (11) for applying layers of the building material (4) on the support device (6) or a previously formed Layer and an irradiation device (12) for irradiating layers of the building material (4) at the locations corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object (2),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Träger (7) der Tragevorrichtung (6) während des Bauvorganges höhenfest angeordnet ist und . - die Wandung (10) mittels einer programmgesteuertenthe carrier (7) of the carrying device (6) is fixed in height during the construction process and. - The wall (10) by means of a program-controlled
Verstelleinrichtung (15) höhenverstellbar gelagert ist. Adjustment (15) is mounted vertically adjustable.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,2. Apparatus according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die Aufbringvorrichtung (11) und gegebenenfalls eine Dosiereinrichtung (18) programmgesteuert höhenverstellbar sind.the application device (11) and optionally a metering device (18) are programmably height adjustable.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die Aufbringvorrichtung (11) und die umlaufende Wandung (10) eine gemeinsam höhenverstellbare Baueinheit (19) bilden.the application device (11) and the peripheral wall (10) form a common height-adjustable structural unit (19).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3,4. Device according to one of claims 1 - 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
wenigstens ein Dosierbehälter (20) der Dosiereinrichtung (18) in die höhenverstellbare Baueinheit (19) integriert ist.at least one metering container (20) of the metering device (18) is integrated into the height-adjustable structural unit (19).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,5. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Strahlengang der Bestrahlungsvorrichtung (12) eine an sich bekannte Fokussiereinrichtung (21) angeordnet ist, durch die der Fokus des Bearbeitungsstrahls (3) höhenabhängig einstellbar ist.characterized in that in the beam path of the irradiation device (12) a known focusing device (21) is arranged, by which the focus of the processing beam (3) is height-dependent adjustable.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,6. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung (12) Bestandteil der höhenverstellbarenthe irradiation device (12) part of the height-adjustable
Baueinheit (19) ist.Assembly (19) is.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,7. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die umlaufende Wandung (10) nach Art einer höhenverstellbaren Hülse (22) den Träger (7) umgreift oder auf dessen Außenrand (23) geführt ist.the peripheral wall (10) in the manner of a height-adjustable sleeve (22) surrounds the carrier (7) or is guided on its outer edge (23).
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,8. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der obere Rand (24) der Wandung (10) bis zur Oberseite (8) des Trägers (7) oder darunter absenkbar ist. the upper edge (24) of the wall (10) can be lowered to the upper side (8) of the carrier (7) or below.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,9. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadhαreh gdmawzύekmt&t, daS 5dadhαreh gdmawzύekmt & t, 5
.die Wandung (10) vollständig nach oben über den Träger (7) verfahrbar und/oder von diesem wegfahrbar und/oder wegschwenkbar und/oder entnehmbar ist..the wall (10) is completely movable upwards over the carrier (7) and / or can be moved away from it and / or pivoted away and / or removed.
1010
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,10. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
5 der Träger (7) fest mit einem Maschinengestell (25) der Vorrichtung (1) verbunden ist.5 of the carrier (7) fixed to a machine frame (25) of the device (1) is connected.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, tf11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, tf
im Maschinenbereich unterhalb des Trägers . (7) eine Pulverauffangeinrichtung angeordnet ist.in the machine area below the carrier. (7) a powder collecting device is arranged.
12. Vorrichtung nach Ansprach 11,12. Device according to spoke 11,
BERiCHTBGTES BLATT (REGEL 91) ISAiEP die Pulverauffangeinrichtung eine Siebeinrichtung (27) und/oder mindestens eine Auffangbehälter (28) umfaßt.REPORTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISAiEP the powder collecting device comprises a screening device (27) and / or at least one collecting container (28).
13. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,13. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
der Träger ' (7) und/oder die Siebeinrichtung (27) mit ' einer Schwingungseinrichtung (29) in Wirkverbindung steht.the carrier '(7) and / or the screening device (27) is in operative connection with a vibration device (29).
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,14. Device according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
die Tragevorrichtung (6) zumindest bereichsweise als Teil einer Stanzvorrichtung ausgebildet ist.the carrying device (6) is at least partially formed as part of a punching device.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Tragevorrichtung (6) Notizen lösbar befestigt sind. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that on the support device (6) notes are releasably secured.
PCT/DE2007/001357 2006-10-24 2007-07-31 Device for producing a three-dimensional object WO2008049384A1 (en)

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