WO2008111921A1 - The way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content - Google Patents
The way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008111921A1 WO2008111921A1 PCT/SK2008/050003 SK2008050003W WO2008111921A1 WO 2008111921 A1 WO2008111921 A1 WO 2008111921A1 SK 2008050003 W SK2008050003 W SK 2008050003W WO 2008111921 A1 WO2008111921 A1 WO 2008111921A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/4344—Remultiplexing of multiplex streams, e.g. by modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234327—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into layers, e.g. base layer and one or more enhancement layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/23608—Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/23611—Insertion of stuffing data into a multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bitrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/2365—Multiplexing of several video streams
- H04N21/23655—Statistical multiplexing, e.g. by controlling the encoder to alter its bitrate to optimize the bandwidth utilization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
- H04N21/26208—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints
- H04N21/26216—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints involving the channel capacity, e.g. network bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44245—Monitoring the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. its availability, bandwidth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
- H04N21/64315—DVB-H
Definitions
- the present Invention in the area of telecommunications is directed to the distribution of digital television signal and also solution based on parallel transmission of contributing regional TV channels to the broadcast center and to the transmitters and also solution for transmitting prerecorded content, like advertisement and also deploying adaptive coding and modulation when using DVB-S2 at distribution path and solution for eliminating additional time delay, caused e.g. by time slicing in DVB-H networks.
- Transport stream is a bitstream, being created according to the rules of transmission protocol, for data transmission.
- transport streams generated at different layers.
- Transmitter are getting digital signal from a broadcast center in a form of transport stream, which we define as transport stream II. for sake of clarity.
- transport stream II In majority of standards for non mobile fixed digital TV networks, whether DVB (European standard), ATSC (USA one) or ISDB (Japanese one), transport stream II. are generated in MPEG-2 TS format, following international standard ISO-13818-1.
- Transmitters can be operated as SFN networks (single frequency network is network, where several transmitters is transmitting at the same frequency, or as MFN networks (multi frequency networks).
- SFN networks in line with ETSI TS 101 191 standard, transport streams II, are before a distribution network SFN adapted, what means so called MIP inserter, which they are passing through, inserts additional time information, which are utilized by SFN transmitters (after transport stream II. passes distribution network), in parallel of GPS signal reception for precious time synchronization of transmission by multiple transmitters. Requested time precision within SFN networks is in a range of dozen of nanoseconds.
- Transport streams II serve for transmission of transport streams I. Transport stream I. packets are typically longer than transport stream II.
- PES program elementary streams
- DVB-H signal transport stream I. is formed by IP packets, which in form of RTP/UDP packets bear encapsulated I, B, P AV frames generated by AV encoders.
- transport stream III For the purpose of differentiating transport stream, transmitting more multiplexed regionalized transport streams II, we introduce term transport stream III.
- Signal transmission from broadcast center to transmitters is possible realized by different means such as satellite transmission, telecommunication terrestrial links, radio links etc.
- Broadcast center is a place where transport streams II. are being generated, multiplexed and processed. Broadcast center is always placed before the distribution network. Adapters are always located at transmitters, after distribution network.
- Distribution networks performs transport stream III. transmission from broadcast center to transmitters.
- ETSI TS 101 191 standardizing transmission of transport streams II. in SFN networks defines single SFN adapter (MIP inserter) for all transmitters within single SFN cell. Both above mentioned solutions, based at generation of transport streams II. and SFN adaptation at transmitters are in contradiction with this standard.
- Disadvantage is the need to eventually adapter's modification or replacement in case of standards changes. Disadvantage is also inability to facilitate interactive communications in between of transport stream II. generators and other equipment at broadcast center like AV encoders, EPG, ESG generators, FLUTE servers and others.
- adapter demultiplexes given transport stream II. from transport stream III. and performs replacement of transport stream I. reference packets with full extent transport stream I. packets and positioning of those packets or it segments to original positions within packets and within transport stream II, and eventually replaces reference packets of transport stream IL packets or it segments with original full extend transport stream II. packets in such a way, that adapter outputs bitwise identical transport stream II. with one entering multiplexer.
- Multiplexer replaces original contribution regional transport streams I. packets with reference packets, serving for unique identification of original contribution regional transport stream I. packets, and for specification of positions of contribution regional transport stream I. packets, or packet segments, within the transport stream II. packets, and after transmission via distribution network, adapter replaces reference packets with original contribution regional transport stream I. packets, it received, in parallel or slightly in advance, from common source - generator of contribution regional transport streams I.
- Extension of above mentioned method is that contribution regional transport streams L, within transport streams L, are transmitted to the generator of transport streams II. and from here, a single remote common source, regional contribution transport streams II. are transmitted in parallel to transport stream II. generator at broadcast center as well as to adapters at transmitters. Multiplexer reconstructs regional contribution transport stream I.
- Adapter replaces reference packets from transport stream III, with original contribution regional transport stream I. packets, it received in parallel or in slightly in advance, from a single common source - generator of regional contribution transport streams II.
- transport streams I. packets containing non realtime recorded content
- transport stream I. reference packets serving for unique identification of original transport stream I. packets.
- Original transport stream I. packets are transmitted to adapters in advance.
- Adapter replaces transport stream I. reference packets with original transport stream I. packets, stored in adapter memorym, where they were transmitted in advance.
- DVB-S2 receivers or adapters are in real-time sending information about current satellite link channel quality via return channel to the control unit at broadcast center.
- Control unit based on those information periodically calculates optimal parameters of satellite DVB-S2 transmission, resulting in lowest satellite distribution network bandwidth requirement.
- Control unit periodically sends information about calculated DVB-S2 satellite transmission parameters settings, for given transport stream III. packet individually per particular reqion and for global content, to the DVB-S2 modulator, which adaptively sets optimal parameters settings, such as coding and modulation.
- Extension of above mention method is, reconstruction of content packets at lowest layer, which are encapsulated within transport stream I. packets.
- content packet appears in more transport streams I. more than a once, it it transmitted in original form just once, and repeated content packets are replaced by reference packets.
- reference packets By this way it is possible to reduce bandwidth when identical video frames are encapsulated to different transport stream I. formats, for example RTP in case of DVB-H and MPEG-2 PES for DVB-T.
- PID In case of digital TV networks based on MPEG-2 formats, where PID are used, some PIDs use default values, like PAT table etc.
- MPEG-2 TS splicing method In a case, where multiple MPEG-2 transport streams II. are multiplexed into single transport stream III, by MPEG-2 TS splicing method, conflicts of PID values do occur by principle. These PID values conflicts always occur in case of PSI/SI tables with default values, but can also accidentally occur also for other PIDs with freely configurable values. PID values can be solved by temporary different PID values during distribution of multiplexed transport stream III. This process is known as so called PID remapping. In multiplexer indentical - conflicting PIDs from different transport streams II.
- transport streams II. are transmitted live TV or radio programs, transport streams
- generator can be different equipments like AV encoder, PSI/SI tables generator, ESG server (for DVB-H), EPG server (for DVB-T), teletext server (e.g. for DVB-T), MHP server (for DVB- T) or CAS server etc.
- transport streams II. are transmitted recorded TV or radio programs
- transport streams II. generator can be different equipments like streaming server, PSI/SI tables generator, ESG server (for DVB-H), EPG server (DVB-T) teletext server (DVB-T), MHP server (DVB-T), or CAS server etc.
- transport streams II. are transmitted files
- transport streams II. generator can be file multicast server, FLUTE server (for DVB-H) or CAS server etc.
- Transport stream I. generator's output control can vary as follows:
- Output bitrates of each transport stream I. generator is variable while constant is summary of output bitrates of transport stream I. generator for global programs and as well summary of output bitrates of transport stream I. generator for regional programs per particular region, while control unit of global programs manages global transport stream I. generators and regional control unit manages several subordinated control units per regional programs for particular region.
- VBR variable
- Main control unit manages global programs control unit and regional programs control unit.
- Global programs control unit manages global programs transport stream I. generators, while regional programs control unit manages subordinated control units of regional programs per particular regions, which further control output bitrates of regional transport stream I. generators per particular region.
- multiplexer may, before entering distribution network, eliminate FEC data from MPE-FEC section, and after transmission via distribution network, adapter calculates FEC data and inserts into particular MPE-FEC sections. By this way it is possible reduce bandwidth in relation to the MPE-FEC strength configuration.
- transport stream II generators generate multiple transport streams with time shifted IP packet within bursts. For each MFN network max 4 different frequencies are necessary to avoid interference. Max number of transport streams II. for seamless handover support is max. 4 per region. Because even time shifted transport stream I. IP packets are identical, bandwidth increase for transmission of such time shifted transport streams II. is strongly reduced.
- null packets In order to increase transmission bandwidth it is possible eliminate null packets from transport streams II. before entering distribution network. Instead of null packets information about null packet position, e.g. also continueity counter, optionally also selected items from TS packet header or entire header can be inserted. Based on this information null packets based on those additional information are reinserted into transport stream II. In case of SFN network it is necessary that all adapters within signle SFN cell insert bitwise identical null packets, because null packets payload content is not defined.
- Multiplexed transport stream III may be distributed via cable and wireless telecommunication terrestrial networks or via telecommunication satellites or via terrestrial radio networks e.g. WiMax, WiFI, 3 G, 4G or via multicast IP networks, via terrestrial cable networks or via telecommunication airships/airstats etc.
- wireless telecommunication terrestrial networks or via telecommunication satellites or via terrestrial radio networks e.g. WiMax, WiFI, 3 G, 4G or via multicast IP networks, via terrestrial cable networks or via telecommunication airships/airstats etc.
- Transport stream's II. formats can follow standards like DVB, ATSC, ISDB, IP, DAB DVB- H, DAB, DAB-IP, DMB 5 CMMB, MediaFlo, BCAST, DVB-SH DVB-T2, GSE etc.
- transport streams I. generators outputs can be transmitted to transport stream II. generators via IP network.
- DVB-T DVB-C networks generator's outputs can be transmitted via DVB-ASI link.
- Transport stream I. generators with IP outputs may be located remotely at long distsnce outside of broadcast center up-link. Because of transport stream I. generators with IP outputs in majority generate multicast transmission, and majority of IP networks has switched off IP multicast support, or charged, it is possible to use unicast tunnel between remote transport stream I. generator to broadcast center. Broadcast center is equipped by IP gateway, which turns back IP unicast into IP multicast. This allows deliver transport stream I. packets from remote generator to multiple transport stream II. generators. Above mentioned method of transmission of multiple transport streams II. with partially same content has following advantages:
- Number of transport streams is equal to number of regions in case, there is no support for seamless handover in DVB-H networks, in case of required seamless handover support number of transport streams quadruples.
- ETSI TR 101 191 standard about SFN transmitters synchronization it is required to use single SFN adapter (MIP Inserter) for all transmitters within signle SFN cell.
- MIP Inserter single SFN adapter
- This method fulfills above mentioned requirement, thaks to what guarantess synchronization of transmission of SFN transmitters. This increases resistance agaings chaining errors and lost of SFN synchronization, respectively provides quicker resynchronization of transmitters in case of different packets lost during transmission to different transmitters in the same SFN cell.
- Network adapter architecture this method is transparent to all equipments at broadcast center side as well as to all equipments at transmitters side, what provide investments protection. It is not necessary to replace adapters in the network in case of standards change at different layes, so it is "future proof solution.
- DVB-H In case of DVB-H network it allows improving reliability of distribution network by utilizing MPE-FEC forward error correction mechanism. Given method allows distribution network bandwidth saving even when TV programs are formatted according to different formats, e.g. same TV program is encapsulated in parallel to IP- UDP-RTP packets as well as to MPEG-2 PES.
- Given method allows connecting remotely located AV encoder via network without multicast support. Given method supports 3 layered statistical multiplex of AV encoders.
- Given method allows connecting streaming servers, filecast servers, e.g. FLUTE into same statistical multiplex with AV encoders.
- This method reducing bandwidth of distribution network and keeping transparency, is possible to use in combination with parallel connectivity of transport streams I. and transport streams IL to the multiplexer, what allows eliminate several seconds delay of procession regionalized DVB-H transport streams organized by time slicing.
- Figure 1 Diagram of transport streams satellite transmission.
- Figure 2) Diagram of the satellite distribution of DVB-H transport streams II. with
- Figure 12 Diagram of satellite distribution of global TV programs with embedded regional advertisement
- Figure 13 ACM utilization diagram in DVB-S2 satellite transmission
- Figure 14 Diagram of parallell conection of DVB-ASI and IP inputs to Multiplexer
- Figure 15 Schematic description of PID remapping during distribution via transportnym stream III.
- Example 1 Example consist of, transport streams I. 2, from transport stream I. 2 generators 1, are transmitted in parallel to multiple generators 8 of transport streams II. 9, where partially same (regionalized) transport streams II. 9 are generated, which are transmitted to the multiplexer 14, where transport streams I.2 packets are reconstructed from transport streams II. 9; or multiple transport streams I. 2 are transmitted to the multiplexer 14 in parallel with transport streams II. 9, for example in order to eliminate time delay brought-in by transport streams II. 9 generators 8. Time delay occurs for example in case of DVB-H time slicing.
- multiplexer 14 For reconstructing of transport stream I. 2 packets from transport streams II. 9 by multiplexer 14 it is possible define max time of waiting for completing single transport stream I. 2 packet. This is important for controlling max time delay in case of section packing in MPEG-2 TS.
- packet of transport stream I. 2, and/or packet, or only a part, of the packet of transport stream II. 9 appears in a given time period more than once, it is transmitted only once in its original form, via transport stream III. 16.
- Multiplexer 14 replaces repeatedly appearing transport stream I. 2 packets, with transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R, serving for unique identification of original transport stream I. 2 packets, and for the specification of positions of transport stream I. 2 packets, or packet segments, within the transport stream II.
- Transport stream III. 16 is transmitted to the transmitters, where adapters 18 are located, via a distribution network 17.
- Adapter 18 demultiplexes selected transport stream(s) II. 9 from transport stream III. 17, and replaces transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R with original transport stream I. 2 packets, and places these packets, or their segments, to their original positions within transport stream II. 9 packets, and/or replaces reference packets 9R with original packets, or part of transport stream packets II. 9, in such a way, that adapter 18 outputs transport stream II. 9 bitwise identical with the transport stream II. 9 at the multiplexer 14 input for given region.
- AV encoders IGl to IGn are part of one statistical multiplex
- Uncompressed AV signals of regional TV programs are entering AV encoders (ILl 1 to lLmv).
- Regional TV programs per region are part of second statistical multiplex. All AV encoder 1 outputs, are in form of IP packets transmitted via local area network, most often via Ethernet, to the all IP encapsulators 8. This guarantees that all repeated transport stream I. 2 packets of global TV programs in different transport streams II. 9 are identical.
- IP encapsulators 8 receive selected TV programs, transport streams I. 2 for given region. Via IP multicast. Output of IP encapsulator 8 is transport stream II. 9 in MPEG-2 TS format. In case of SFN networks, output of IP encapsulator 8 is further SFN adapter by MIP inserter. Multiplexer 14 thus receives either transport streams II. 9 from IP encapsulators 8 (in case it is not SFN network), or SFN adapted ones from MIP inserters 12.
- multiplexer 14 Important function of multiplexer 14 is reconstruction of transport stream I. 2 packets from transport streams II. 9 their comparison and replacement of repeated packets by reference ones. Reference packets 2R, 9R can be broadcast for example in form of e.g. Private Data.
- IP encapsulators 8 are also routed IP packets 2 from ESG servers (electronic service guide) as well as IP packets 2 from SPP subsystem (service purchase and protection) (CAS conditional access system, DRM digital rights management) in form of KMM, KSM messages.
- ESG servers electronic service guide
- SPP subsystem service purchase and protection
- DRM digital rights management CAS conditional access system, DRM digital rights management
- Output of multiplexer 14 is multiplexed transport stream III. 16 created by multiplexing regionalized transport streams II. 9 with remapped PIDs, and significantly reduced reference packets in size of global programs with added control signals.
- Multiplexed transport stream III. 16 is transmitted via satellite distribution network 17 transmitted to the satellite receivers, where from it enters to adapters 18. Inside adapters 18 demultiplexing of selected transport stream II. 9 takes place, temporary PID values are returned to original ones, and reference packets 2R, 9R are replaced with original packets, based on additional control packets, in such a way that adapter 18 outputs transport stream II. 9 bitwise identical with the transport stream II. 9 at the multiplexer 14 input for given region. . Solution is described at Figure 1) Diagram of transport streams satellite transmission.
- multiplexer 14 reconstructs content packets at lowest layer, encapsulated within transport stream I. 2, and repeated content packets, replaces by reference packets of content packets.
- bandwidth savings e.g. video
- I. packets e.g. RTP in case of DVB-H and MPEG-2 for DVB-T.
- transport stream generators 1. 1 are not only video encoders, but also streaming server, PSI/SI tables generator, ESG server (for DVB-H), EPG (for DVB-T), teletext server (for DVB-T), MHP server (for DVB-T) or CAS server, file multicast server, FLUTE server (for DVB-H), or CAS server etc.
- All AV encoders outputs 1 are transmitted in a form of MPEG-2 PES packets to MPEG-2 multiplexers 8.
- MPEG-2 multiplexers 8 have connected only TV programs for given region.
- Outputs of MPEG-2 multiplexers 8 are transport streams II. 9 in a form of MPEG-2 TS packets.
- SFN adapters (MIP inserters) 12 are connected behind MPEG-2 multiplexers.
- multiplexer 14 Important function of multiplexer 14 is reconstruction of transport stream I. 2 packets, in case of DVB-T PES packets, their comparison and replacements of repeated PES packets by reference packets 2R. Reference packets can be transmitted as private data.
- Multiplexer 14 inserts into multiplexed output transport stream III. 16 additional control information about transport stream II. 9 structure, association between temporary and original PID values.
- Multiplexed transport stream III. 16 is transmitted via satellite distribution network 17 transmitted to the satellite receivers, where from it enters to adapters 18. Inside adapters 18 demultiplexing of selected transport stream II. 9 takes place, temporary PID values are returned to original ones, and reference packets 2R, 9R are replaced with original packets, based on additional control packets, in such a way that adapter 18 outputs transport stream II. 9 bitwise identical with the transport stream II. 9 at the multiplexer 14 input for given region. Solution is described at Figure 1) Diagram of transport streams satellite transmission.
- Example 6 Is analogical to example I 9 with such a difference that output bitrates of transport stream I. 2 generators 1 are constant (CBR)
- Example 7 Is analogical to example 1, while sum of global programs transport streams I. 2 bitrates is constant (CBR) as well as sum of all regional program (e.g. 2Ll to 2Lm) transport streams I. 2 bitrates is constant (CBR) and the same per each region, while global program's control unit 3 G controls variable (VBR) bitrate of individual global transport stream I. 2 within global programs (IGl to IGn), and regional program's control units (3Ll to 3Lm) control transport streams I. 2 variable (VBR) bitrates within regional programs (e.g. 3Ll to 3Lm).
- CBR constant
- VBR variable bitrate of individual global transport stream I. 2 within global programs
- VBR variable bitrates within regional programs
- Example 8 Is analogical to example 1, while sum of global program's transport streams I. 2 bitrates is also variable (VBR), as well as sum of regional programs transport streams I. 2 bitrates is variable (VBR) 5 while constant (CBR) is only the sum of all global and regional transport streams I. 2 bitrates per region, and the same per each region, while main control unit 4 controls global program control unit 3 G as well as regional program control unit 3L, while global program control unit 3G controls variable (VBR) bitrates of global programs (IGl to IGn) transport streams I. 2 and regional programs control units (e.g. 3Ll to 3Lm) controls variable (VBR) bitrates of regional programs' (e.g. 2Ll to 2Lm) transport streams I. 2.
- VBR variable bitrates of global programs
- IGl to IGn global programs
- regional programs control units e.g. 3Ll to 3Lm
- VBR variable bitrates of regional programs' (e.g. 2Ll to 2Lm
- FEC data are calculated in adapter 18 and are inserted in MPE-FEC sections. This approach in case of DVB-H, saves a siginicant part of a distribution network 17 bandwidth.
- Example 10 Is similar to example 2, whith such a difference that FEC data are kept within transport stream II. 9 and are used for fixing of potential packet looses or corruptions during transmission.
- Example 11 Is similar to example 3, whith such a difference that instead of DVB-T networks this solution is deployed in ATSC or ISDB networks. Replacement of repeated packets, is done at PES level 2 it means at transport stream I. 2 level.
- Example 12 Is similar to example 1,2 and 3 while multiplexer 14 replaces also "null packets" according to
- Reference packets 9R are replaced by same null packets in all adapters 18 in the same network.
- Example 13 Is similar to example 3, whith such a difference, that is on top supports “seamless handover",
- DVB-H and DVB-T transport streams I. 2 are generated by the same AV encoders 1 deploying scalable coding.
- Multiplexer reconstructs these streams down at the content packets layer, reconstructing from transport stream I. 2 packets e.g. I,B,P frames, which are in case of repeated appearance replaced by reference packets by multiplexer 14 before distribution network.
- Adapters 18 are replacing reference packets by original content packets.
- Example 15 Is similar to example 2, whith such a difference, that transport stream 1. 2 generator 1 is located remotely from a broadcast center. In case of deploying control units 3 and 4 networks with shortest response time (RTT) have to be used to enable interactive communication of remote transport stream 1. 2 generators 1. Because of most of IP networks have disabled IP multicast support, packets to multiple transport stream II. 9 generators 8, is transmitted via "unicast" to the single gateway 22, which changes IP unicast to IP multicast, what enables parallel transmission of transport stream I. 2 packets from remote transport stream I. 2 generator 1 to multiple transport stream II. 9 generators 8.
- RTT shortest response time
- transport stream III. 16 is transmitted via radio and cable telecommunication networks or via terrestrial radio networks such as WIMAX, WIFI, 3G, 4G or via multicast IP networks.
- transport streams II. 9 are generated according to the DVB, ATSC, ISDB, IP, DAB, DVB-H, DAB, DAB-IP, DMB, CMMB, MediaFlo, BCAST 5 DVB-SH standards.
- control units 3 for controlling transport stream I. 2 generators 1 deploy mechanism of statistical multiplexing, e.g ' . changing AV compression parameters like quantization, synchronization of I-frames generation within AV encoders 1, mechanism of opportunistic data insertion, or allocation fixed bandwidth according to the prior set rules for individual transport stream I. 2 generators 1.
- Contribution regional transport streams 1. 2.1. are transmitted via satellite to the generator 8.1. of transport streams II. 9.1. and from here, a single remote common source, regional contribution transport streams II. 9.1. are transmitted in parallel to transport stream II. 9 generator at broadcast center, with a transport stream II. 9 remultiplexing capability, as well to the adapters 18.
- Multiplexer 14 replaces original contribution regional transport streams I. 2.1., reconstructed from transport streams II. 9, with reference packets 2.1. R., serving for unique identification of original contribution regional transport streams I. 2.1. packets, and for specification of positions of transport stream I. 2.1. packets, or packet segments, within the transport stream II. 9 packets.
- Adapter 18 replaces reference packets 2.1. with original contribution regional transport stream I. 2.1.
- Contribution regional transport streams I. 2.1. among transport streams I. 2, are transmitted via satellite in parallel to the transport stream II. 9 generators 8 at the broadcast center, as well as to the adapters 18, from a single remote common source a generator 1.1. of contribution regional transport streams 1.2.1.
- Multiplexer 14 replaces original contribution regional transport streams I. 2.1. packets with reference packets 2.1.R., serving for unique identification of original contribution regional transport stream I. 2.1. packets, and for specification of positions of contribution regional transport stream I. 2.1. packets, or packet segments, within the transport stream II. 9 packets.
- Adapter 18 replaces reference packets 2.1. with original contribution regional transport stream 1.2.1. packets, it received, in parallel or slightly in advance, from a parallel transmission of contribution regional transport stream 1. 2.1.
- Transport stream I. 2 packets containing recorded content multiplexer 14 replaces with transport stream 1.
- 2 reference packets 2R serving for unique identification of original transport stream I. 2 packets and for specification of positions of transport stream I. 2 packets, or packet segments, within transport stream II. 9 packets, while original transport stream packets I. 2 are transmitted to adapters 18 in advance.
- Adapter 18 replaces transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R with original transport stream I. 2 packets, available in adapter 18 memory from advanced transmission of recorded content, and places these original packets, or their segments, to their original positions within transport stream II. 9 packets.
- Transport streams I. 2 packets with recorded content can be transmitted to adapters 18 for example via transport stream III. 16 or via other distribution channels, like IP networks, or even via different memory storage media, e.g USB keys.
- Multiplexer 14 has to know, which transport stream I. 2 packets are to be replaced by reference ones 2R, despite of the fact they appear within all transport streams II. 9 only once, so in normal case those transport stream I. 2 packets would be transmitted untouched and would not replaced them by reference packets 2R. This can be achieved for example by storing such in advance transmitter transport stream I. 2 packets, into multiplexer 14 memory, and involving this packet into comparative algorithm of transport stream I. 2 packets.
- transport stream I. 2 packets with recorded non live content which are transmitted via transport stream III. 16 are transmitted with forward error correction code, which enables calculating of dropped packets or fix of corrupted packets.
- transport stream I. 2 packets with recorded non live content which are transmitted via transport stream III. 16 are transmitted in the unused bandwidth, by replacing null packets of transport streams III. 16 or transport streams II. 9.
- adapters 18 sends from time to time information about unsuccessfully transmitted transport stream I. 2 packets with recorded content to the broadcast center. Based on these information multiplexer 14 retransmitts missing packets, or additional forward error correction code enabling adding given range of missing packets to adapters 18.
- Example 26 DVB-S2 satellite receivers 42 or adapters 18 via a return channel 41, like for example DVB- RCS, SCPC or via terrestrial links, send information in real-time about satellite distribution link 17 quality to the control unit 45.
- Control unit 45 based on this information periodically calculates such parameters of satellite modulation and coding per each region and for global coverage, by which it achieves lowest satellite DVB-S2 distribution link 17 bandwidth, means highest bit/Hz ratio.
- control unit 45 takes into consideration all information gathered from all satellite receivers 42 or adapters 18 in given region, and sets parameters, which guarantee defined quality of transmission e.g. BER in time T, or PER in time T, for satellite receivers 42 with worst satellite reception conditions within given region.
- control unit 45 periodically transmits to DVB-S2 modulator 40 which based on those information sets modulation and coding parameters individually for individual transport stream III. 16 packets.
- This method is known in DVB-S2 field as ACM - adaptive coding and modulation. Example of deploying ACM in DVB-S2 satellite distribution is described at Figure 13)
- MPEG-2 DVB-H transport stream II. 9 from transport stream II. 9 DVB-H generators 8 are transmitted for example via DVB-ASI link, which may be optionally SFN adapted by MIP inserters 12 (also called SFN adapters).
- Multiplexer 14 multiplexes IP packets from IP Ethernet input of Audio Video transport streams I. 2, entering multiplexor 14 advance in time, comparing to the MPEG-2 DVB-H transport stream II. 9 packets, in such way into single distribution transport stream III. 16, that audio video transport streams I. 2 IP packets appearing in given time frame more than once, replaces with transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R, serving for unique identification of original transport stream I. 2 packets, and for the specification of positions of transport stream I. 2 packets, or packet segments, within the transport stream II. 9 packets.
- multiplexer 14 stores one copy of audio video transport stream 1.
- Adapter 18 demultiplexes selected transport stream(s) II. 9 from transport stream III. 17, and replaces transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R with original transport stream I. 2 packets, and places these packets, or their segments, to their original positions within transport stream II. 9 packets, and/or replaces reference packets 9R with original packets, or part of transport stream packets II. 9, in such a way, that adapter 18 outputs transport stream II. 9 bitwise identical with the transport stream II. 9 at the multiplexer 14 input for given region.
- adapters 18 After termination of distribution network 17 adapters 18 replaces transport stream I. 2 reference packets 2R with original audio video transport stream I. 2 IP packets and demultiplexes selected MPEG-2 DVB-H transport stream II. 9 from a distribution transport stream III. 16.
- Demultiplexed reconstructed MPEG-2 DVB-H transport stream II. 9 is at the same time SFN adapted, organized in megaframes containing time marks for synchronization of multiple transmitters, and ready for broadcasting in SFN cell. Solution is described at Figure 14) Diagram of parallell conection of DVB-ASI and IP inputs to Multiplexer.
- multiplexer 14 knows which of the transport streams I. 2 is part of multiple transport streams II. 9, it means which of transport streams I. 2 are global, and which are part only of one regionalized transport stream II. 9. This information improves processing efficiency and decreases volume of additional information, in the same time reducing time of transport stream II. 9 processing in the multiplexer 14, thanks to the elimination of reference packets 2R generation for regional transport streams I. 2.
- multiplexer 14 has its own mechanism able to identify, which of the transport streams I. 2 is global and which one is reagional. This mechanism is based on watching multiple appearance of transport stream I. 2 Industrial usability of invention
- Typicall example of invention deployment is DVB-H network, containing regionali TV and radio channels in particular regions (typically SFN cells), while global TV and radio channels are identical in majority or in all of transport streams.
- DVB-H MPEG-2 transport streams is generated in broadcast center. These 9 transport streams are before their distribution compressed and decompressed at transmitters, in a way, that transport streams maintain all necessary parameters for broadcasting within SFN network.
- Given invention is possible to deploy not only in mobile TV networks based at DVB-H standards, but also in mobile TV networks based on different standards such as DAB, DMB, CMMB, MediaFlo, WIMAX, respectively BCAST in 3 G networks.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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AU2008225227A AU2008225227B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-14 | The way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content |
RU2009137944/07A RU2497283C2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-14 | Method for efficient allocation of frequency band of plurality of traffic streams with partially identical content |
EP08724392A EP2137970A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-14 | The way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content |
US12/531,437 US8160088B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-14 | Way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content |
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SK5021-2007A SK50212007A3 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | Method for economic spreading of plurality transport flows with partly same content |
SKPP5021-2007 | 2007-03-15 | ||
SK5139-2007A SK51392007A3 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | Method for economy propagation multiply transport dataflow with simultaneous transmission part of dataflow to central transmitting working place and transmitter |
SKPP5138-2007 | 2007-12-11 | ||
SKPP5137-2007 | 2007-12-11 | ||
SK5138-2007A SK51382007A3 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | Method for economy propagation multiply transport dataflow with particularly same content comprising broadcasting from record |
SK5137-2007A SK51372007A3 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2007-12-11 | Method for economy propagation multiply transport dataflow with particularly same content using adaptive coding and modulation in DVB-S2 networks |
SKPP5139-2007 | 2007-12-11 | ||
SK5020-2008A SK50202008A3 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2008-02-22 | Method of dissemination more efficient mode of transport flows, partly the same content in DVB-H networks with the elimination of delays in parallel involving DVB-ASI and IP input into the multiplexer |
SKPP5020-2008 | 2008-02-22 |
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PCT/SK2008/050003 WO2008111921A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2008-03-14 | The way of bandwidth efficient distribution of multiple transport streams with partially same content |
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US (1) | US8160088B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2137970A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008225227B2 (en) |
MY (1) | MY149791A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2497283C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008111921A1 (en) |
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AU2008225227B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US20100103950A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
RU2497283C2 (en) | 2013-10-27 |
EP2137970A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
RU2009137944A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
US8160088B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
MY149791A (en) | 2013-10-14 |
AU2008225227A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
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